高一数学人教b版必修4精练阶段性测试题5:第二、三章综合测试题_含解析
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阶段性测试题五(第二、三章综合测试题)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷选择题和第Ⅱ卷非选择题两部分,满分150分,时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共60分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,其中有且仅有一个是正确的.)1.(2015·广东中山纪念中学高一期末测试)向量a =(1,-2),b =(2,1),则( ) A .a ∥b B .a ⊥bC .a 与b 的夹角为60°D .a 与b 的夹角为30°[答案] B[解析] ∵a ·b =1×2+(-2)×1=0,∴a ⊥b . 2.有下列四个命题:①存在x ∈R ,sin 2x 2+cos 2x 2=12;②存在x 、y ∈R ,sin(x -y )=sin x -sin y ; ③x ∈[0,π],1-cos2x2=sin x ; ④若sin x =cos y ,则x +y =π2.其中不正确的是( ) A .①④ B .②④ C .①③ D .②③[答案] A[解析] ∵对任意x ∈R ,均有sin 2x 2+cos 2x2=1,故①不正确,排除B 、D ;又x ∈[0,π],1-cos2x2=sin 2x =sin x ,故③正确,排除C ,故选A . 3.若向量a =(2cos α,-1)、b =(2,tan α),且a ∥b ,则sin α=( ) A .22B .-22C .±22D .-12[答案] B[解析] ∵a ∥b ,∴2cos α·tan α=-2,即sin α=-22. 4.tan105°-1tan105°+1的值为( )A .33B .-33C . 3D .- 3[答案] C [解析]tan105°-1tan105°+1=tan105°-tan45°1+tan105°tan45°=tan(105°-45°)=tan60°= 3.5.函数y =(sin x +cos x )2+1的最小正周期是( ) A .π2B .πC .3π2D .2π[答案] B[解析] y =(sin x +cos x )2+1 =1+2sin x cos x +1=2+sin2x . ∴最小正周期T =π.6.设5π<θ<6π,cos θ2=a ,则sin θ4的值等于( )A .-1+a2 B .-1-a2 C .-1+a2D .-1-a2[答案] D[解析] ∵5π<θ<6π,∴5π4<θ4<3π2,∴sin θ4<0,∴sin θ4=-1-cosθ22=-1-a2. 7.设x 、y ∈R ,向量a =(x,1)、b =(1,y )、c =(2,-4),且a ⊥c ,b ∥c ,则|a +b |=( ) A . 5 B .10 C .2 5 D .10[答案] B[解析] ∵a ⊥c ,∴a ·c =2x -4=0,∴x =2. 又∵b ∥c ,∴-4=2y ,∴y =-2. ∴a =(2,1),b =(1,-2), ∴|a +b |=32+(-1)2=10.8.化简tan(27°-α)·tan(49°-β)·tan(63°+α)·tan(139°-β)的结果为( ) A .1 B .-1 C .2 D .-2[答案] B[解析] 原式=tan(27°-α)·tan(90°-(27°-α))·tan(49°-β)·tan[90°+(49°-β)] =tan(27°-α)·cot(27°-α)·tan(49°-β)·[-cot(49°-β)]=-1. 9.cos 275°+cos 215°+cos75°cos15°的值为( )A .62 B .32C .54D .1+34[答案] C[解析] 原式=sin 215°+cos 215°+sin15°cos15° =1+12sin30°=54.10.设△ABC 的三个内角为A 、B 、C ,向量m =(3sin A ,sin B )、n =(cos B ,3cos A ),若m ·n =1+cos(A +B ),则C =( )A .π6B .π3C .2π3D .5π6[答案] C[解析] ∵m·n =3sin A cos B +3cos A sin B =3sin(A +B )=1+cos(A +B ), ∴3sin(A +B )-cos(A +B )=1,∴3sin C +cos C =1,即2sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫C +π6=1, ∴sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫C +π6=12,∴C +π6=5π6,∴C =2π3. 11.在△ABC 中,已知sin 2A +sin 2B +sin 2C =2,则△ABC 为( ) A .等腰三角形 B .等边三角形 C .直角三角形 D .等腰直角三角形[答案] C[解析] 由已知,得1-cos2A 2+1-cos2B 2+sin 2C =2,∴1-12(cos2A +cos2B )+sin 2C =2,∴cos2A +cos2B +2cos 2C =0, ∴cos(A +B )·cos(A -B )+cos 2C =0, ∴cos C [-cos(A -B )-cos(A +B )]=0, ∴cos A ·cos B ·cos C =0,∴cos A =0或cos B =0或cos C =0. ∴△ABC 为直角三角形.12.若f (sin x )=3-cos2x ,则f (cos x )=( ) A .3-cos2x B .3-sin2x C .3+cos2xD .3+sin2x[答案] C[解析] f (sin x )=3-cos2x =3-(1-2sin 2x )=2+2sin 2x , ∴f (x )=2+2x 2 ∴f (cos x )=2+2cos 2x =2+1+cos2x =3+cos2x .第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共90分)二、填空题(本大题共4个小题,每空4分,共16分,把正确答案填在题中横线上) 13.2tan150°1-tan 2150°的值为________. [答案] - 3[解析] 原式=2×⎝⎛⎭⎫-331-⎝⎛⎭⎫-332=-233·32=- 3.14.已知向量a 、b 夹角为45°,且|a |=1,|2a -b |=10,则|b |=________. [答案] 3 2[解析] ∵|a |=1,〈a ,b 〉=45°,|2a -b |=10,∴4|a |2-4a ·b +|b |2=10,∴4-4×1×|b |cos45°+|b |2=10,∴|b |2-22|b |-6=0,∴|b |=3 2. 15.若1+tan α1-tan α=2 015,则1cos2α+tan2α=________.[答案] 2 015[解析] 1cos2α+tan2α=1cos2α+sin2αcos2α=1+sin2αcos2α=(cos α+sin α)2cos 2α-sin 2α=cos α+sin αcos α-sin α=1+tan α1-tan α=2 015.16.在△ABC 中,cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫π4+A =513,则cos2A 的值为________. [答案]120169[解析] 在△ABC 中,cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫π4+A =513>0, ∴sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫π4+A =1-cos 2⎝⎛⎭⎫π4+A =1213. ∴cos2A =sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫π2+2A =sin2⎝⎛⎭⎫π4+A =2sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫π4+A cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫π4+A =2×1213×513=120169.三、解答题(本大题共6个大题,共74分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤) 17.(本小题满分12分)求值(tan5°-cot5°)·cos70°1+sin70°.[解析] 解法一:原式=⎝⎛⎭⎫tan5°-1tan5°·cos70°1+sin70° =tan 25°-1tan5°·sin20°1+cos20°=-2·1-tan 25°2tan5°·sin20°1+cos20°=-2cot10°·tan10°=-2.解法二:原式=⎝⎛⎭⎫sin5°cos5°-cos5°sin5°·sin20°1+cos20° =sin 25°-cos 25°sin5°·cos5°·sin20°1+cos20°=-cos10°12sin10°·2sin10°·cos10°2cos 210°=-2. 解法三:原式=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎪⎫1-cos10°sin10°-1sin10°1+cos10°·sin20°1+cos20°=⎝⎛⎭⎫1-cos10°sin10°-1+cos10°sin10°·sin20°1+cos20° =-2cos10°sin10°·2sin10°·cos10°2cos 210°=-2. 18.(本小题满分12分)(2015·山东烟台高一检测)已知向量a 、b 、c 是同一平面内的三个向量,其中a =(2,1).(1)若b =(1,m ),且a +b 与a -b 垂直,求实数m 的值; (2)若c 为单位向量,且c ∥a ,求向量c 的坐标. [解析] (1)a +b =(3,m +1),a -b =(1,1-m ),∵a +b 与a -b 垂直,∴3×1+(m +1)(1-m )=0,解得m =±2.(2)设c =(x ,y ),依题意有⎩⎨⎧x 2+y 2=1x -2y =0,解得⎩⎨⎧x =255y =55,或⎩⎨⎧x =-255y =-55.∴c =(255,55)或c =(-255,-55).19.(本小题满分12分)已知cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2=-19,sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β=23,且π2<α<π,0<β<π2,求tan α+β2的值. [解析] ∵π2<α<π,0<β<π2,∴π4<α-β2<π.∵cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2=-19,∴sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2=459.又∵π4<α2<π2,∴-π4<α2-β<π2.∵sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β=23,∴cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β=53. 故sin α+β2=sin ⎣⎡⎦⎤⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2-⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β =sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β-cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β =459×53-⎝⎛⎭⎫-19×23=2227, cos α+β2=cos ⎣⎡⎦⎤⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2-⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β =cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2cos ⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β+sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫α-β2sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫α2-β =⎝⎛⎭⎫-19×53+459×23=7527, ∴tan α+β2=sinα+β2cosα+β2=22277527=22535.20.(本小题满分12分)(2015·商洛市高一期末测试)已知向量a =(sin x ,32)、b =(cos x ,-1).(1)求|a +b |的最大值;(2)当a 与b 共线时,求2cos 2x -sin2x 的值.[解析] (1)|a +b |2=a 2+2a ·b +b 2=sin 2x +94+2sin x cos x -3+cos 2x +1=sin2x +54,∴当2x =π2+2k π,k ∈Z ,即x =π4+k π,k ∈Z 时,sin2x 取最大值1, ∴|a +b |2max =1+54=94, ∴|a +b |max =32.(2)当a 与b 共线时, -sin x =32cos x ,∴tan x =-32.∴2cos 2x -sin2x =2cos 2x -2sin x cos x =2cos 2x -2sin x cos x sin 2x +cos 2x=2-2tan xtan 2x +1=2-2×(-32)94+1=2013.21.(本小题满分12分)(2015·安徽文,16)已知函数f (x )=(sin x +cos x )2+cos 2x . (1)求f (x )的最小正周期;(2)求f (x )在区间⎣⎡⎦⎤0,π2上的最大值和最小值. [解析] (1)∵f (x )=(sin x +cos x )2+cos 2x =1+sin 2x +cos 2x =2sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫2x +π4+1, ∴f (x )的最小正周期T =2π|2|=π.(2)∵x ∈⎣⎡⎦⎤0,π2,∴2x +π4∈⎣⎡⎦⎤π4,5π4,所以sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫2x +π4∈⎣⎡⎦⎤-22,1, ∴f (x )max =1+2,f (x )min =0.22. (本小题满分14分)(2015·山东威海一中高一期末测试)函数f (x )=sin(ωx +φ)+k ,(ω>0,-π2<φ<π2)的最小正周期为π,且在x =-π6处取得最小值-2.(1)求f (x )的单调递增区间;(2)将f (x )的图象向左平移π6个单位后得到函数g (x ),设A 、B 、C 为三角形的三个内角,若g (B )=0,且m =(cos A ,cos B ),n =(1,sin A -cos A tan B ),求m ·n 的取值范围.[解析] (1)∵T =2πω=π,∴ω=2.∵f (x )min =-1+k =-2,∴k =-1.∴f (-π6)=sin(-π3+φ)-1=-2,∴φ=-π6+2k π,k ∈Z .∵-π2<φ<π2.∴φ=-π6,∴f (x )=sin(2x -π6)-1.令-π2+2k π≤2x -π6≤π2+2k π,k ∈Z ,解得-π6+k π≤x ≤π3+k π,k ∈Z .∴f (x )的单调递增区间为[-π6+k π,π3+k π],k ∈Z .(2)g (x )=sin[2(x +π6)-π6]-1=sin(2x +π6)-1,∴g (B )=sin(2B +π6)-1=0,∴sin(2B +π6)=1.∴0<B <π,∴2B +π6=π2,∴B =π6.∴m ·n =cos A +cos B (sin A -cos A tan B ) =cos A +cos B sin A -cos A sin B =cos A +32sin A -12cos A =32sin A +12cos A =sin(A +π6).∵B =π6,∴0<A <5π6,∴π6<A +π6<π, ∴0<sin(A +π6)≤1,∴m ·n 的取值范围是(0,1].。