现代大学英语精读2 unit3单词及释义

目　录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 9一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 10一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 11一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 12一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 13一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 14一、练习答案Unit 15一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 16一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Adisaster [di5zB:stE] n.灾难，灾祸；不幸【例句】These difficulties are caused by natural disasters. 这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。

【助记】dis（不，没有）+aster（星星）→星星消失了，难道预示着灾难的来临？谐音“点扎死他”，灾难。

semester [si5mestE] n.学期；半年【例句】His writing has improved greatly in this semester. 这学期他的写作有了很大进步。

【助记】seme（看作semi半）+s+ ter（看作terra学期）→半学期beanpole [5bi:npEul] n.（插在地上供豆茎攀缘的）支竿，瘦长之人【例句】Li Ling’s elder sister is short and overweight while her younger sister is a beanpole.李玲的姐姐是个矮胖墩儿，可她妹妹却是个细高个儿。

1.The dinner partyI first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true -- though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests -- officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist -- in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't."A woman's reaction in any crisis," the major says, "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts."The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing-- bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters -- the likeliest place -- but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left -- under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone."I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred -- that's five minutes -- and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?"The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "...two hundred and eighty..." when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut."You were right, Major!" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.""Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: "Because it was crawling across my foot."UNIT 2-1一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。

现代大学英‎语精读2 Unit3‎the rite of sprin‎g春之祭说真的，我从来都不‎明白，我们到底为‎什么要有一‎个菜园子，为什么36‎年前，当我第一次‎在乡下买了‎房子以后，我会别的事‎情都不做，首先就挖一‎块菜地。

现在想想买‎一堆胡萝卜‎或者甜菜头‎，相对来说那‎么容易，而且又那么‎便宜，为什么还要‎自己去种呢‎？尤其是那些‎块根植物，自己种的和‎店里买的，根本就很难‎分辨。

这里肯定有‎人的本性在‎起作用。

人就喜欢脱‎离现实，毫无意义地‎瞎折腾。

再说，我又并非特‎别喜欢吃蔬‎菜，我宁可吃些‎油汪汪、香喷喷、一咬一口肉‎汁的东西，比如说热狗‎。

要说，如果能在窗‎外种热狗的‎话，那倒真的有‎了一种可以‎毫不犹豫为‎自己辩护的‎理由了。

可是，在现在这种‎情况下，我无法否认‎，每当4月来‎临，我就会发现‎自己走出家‎门，倚着院子外‎的篱笆，望着那块倒‎霉的地，十分理智地‎下定决心再‎也不去种它‎了。

然而，总有那么一‎天，当我早晨醒‎来的时候，一股香味似‎乎从窗外飘‎进来，就好像来自‎地球中心的‎泥土的清香‎味。

这时，太阳似乎也‎突然认真起‎来，它投射到地‎毯上的光似‎乎比往常要‎更加深黄。

那些鸟开始‎歇斯底里地‎鸣叫，心里和我一‎样，想着那些美‎味可口的虫‎子正从那融‎化的土中慢‎慢爬出来。

让我回去看‎那块地的并‎不只是快乐‎，而是矛盾和‎斗争。

每年碰到的‎问题是一样‎的：今年我们该‎使用什么方‎法？前几年，我们在一行‎行的蔬菜之‎间放上了3‎6英寸宽的‎黑塑料薄膜‎。

效果极好，干旱的时候‎能够保湿，而且保证没‎有杂草。

但是黑塑料‎薄膜一看就‎是来自工厂‎的东西，一点浪漫的‎情调都没有‎。

所以我就逐‎步改用干草‎作覆盖料。

我们收割了‎不少干草，草一腐烂，的确能改善‎土壤的结构‎。

再说，看起来很舒‎服，而且又不花‎一分钱。

家里有个菜‎园子能是你‎感觉到我们‎这个小小星‎球的表面有‎多娇嫩、多丰饶、多容易被毁‎坏。

现代大学英语精读2 Unit3 the rite of spring春之祭说真的，我从来都不明白，我们到底为什么要有一个菜园子，为什么36年前，当我第一次在乡下买了房子以后，我会别的事情都不做，首先就挖一块菜地。

现在想想买一堆胡萝卜或者甜菜头，相对来说那么容易，而且又那么便宜，为什么还要自己去种呢？尤其是那些块根植物，自己种的和店里买的，根本就很难分辨。

这里肯定有人的本性在起作用。

人就喜欢脱离现实，毫无意义地瞎折腾。

再说，我又并非特别喜欢吃蔬菜，我宁可吃些油汪汪、香喷喷、一咬一口肉汁的东西，比如说热狗。

要说，如果能在窗外种热狗的话，那倒真的有了一种可以毫不犹豫为自己辩护的理由了。

可是，在现在这种情况下，我无法否认，每当4月来临，我就会发现自己走出家门，倚着院子外的篱笆，望着那块倒霉的地，十分理智地下定决心再也不去种它了。

然而，总有那么一天，当我早晨醒来的时候，一股香味似乎从窗外飘进来，就好像来自地球中心的泥土的清香味。

这时，太阳似乎也突然认真起来，它投射到地毯上的光似乎比往常要更加深黄。

那些鸟开始歇斯底里地鸣叫，心里和我一样，想着那些美味可口的虫子正从那融化的土中慢慢爬出来。

让我回去看那块地的并不只是快乐，而是矛盾和斗争。

每年碰到的问题是一样的：今年我们该使用什么方法？前几年，我们在一行行的蔬菜之间放上了36英寸宽的黑塑料薄膜。

效果极好，干旱的时候能够保湿，而且保证没有杂草。

但是黑塑料薄膜一看就是来自工厂的东西，一点浪漫的情调都没有。

所以我就逐步改用干草作覆盖料。

我们收割了不少干草，草一腐烂，的确能改善土壤的结构。

再说，看起来很舒服，而且又不花一分钱。

家里有个菜园子能是你感觉到我们这个小小星球的表面有多娇嫩、多丰饶、多容易被毁坏。

在我们那块50英尺宽、70英尺长的土地上，肯定有十几种不同的土壤。

西红柿在某个地方长不好，但是在另一个地方却长得很好。

其他庄稼也一样。

我想，要是你在地里洒满化肥，这种差别就不会如此明显。

现代大学英语精读2Unit3the rite of spring春之祭说真的，我从来都不明白，我们到底为什么要有一个菜园子，为什么36年前，当我第一次在乡下买了房子以后，我会别的事情都不做，首先就挖一块菜地。

现在想想买一堆胡萝卜或者甜菜头，相对来说那么容易，而且又那么便宜，为什么还要自己去种呢？尤其是那些块根植物，自己种的和店里买的，根本就很难分辨。

这里肯定有人的本性在起作用。

人就喜欢脱离现实，毫无意义地瞎折腾。

再说，我又并非特别喜欢吃蔬菜，我宁可吃些油汪汪、香喷喷、一咬一口肉汁的东西，比如说热狗。

要说，如果能在窗外种热狗的话，那倒真的有了一种可以毫不犹豫为自己辩护的理由了。

可是，在现在这种情况下，我无法否认，每当4月来临，我就会发现自己走出家门，倚着院子外的篱笆，望着那块倒霉的地，十分理智地下定决心再也不去种它了。

然而，总有那么一天，当我早晨醒来的时候，一股香味似乎从窗外飘进来，就好像来自地球中心的泥土的清香味。

这时，太阳似乎也突然认真起来，它投射到地毯上的光似乎比往常要更加深黄。

那些鸟开始歇斯底里地鸣叫，心里和我一样，想着那些美味可口的虫子正从那融化的土中慢慢爬出来。

让我回去看那块地的并不只是快乐，而是矛盾和斗争。

每年碰到的问题是一样的：今年我们该使用什么方法？前几年，我们在一行行的蔬菜之间放上了36英寸宽的黑塑料薄膜。

效果极好，干旱的时候能够保湿，而且保证没有杂草。

但是黑塑料薄膜一看就是来自工厂的东西，一点浪漫的情调都没有。

所以我就逐步改用干草作覆盖料。

我们收割了不少干草，草一腐烂，的确能改善土壤的结构。

再说，看起来很舒服，而且又不花一分钱。

家里有个菜园子能是你感觉到我们这个小小星球的表面有多娇嫩、多丰饶、多容易被毁坏。

在我们那块50英尺宽、70英尺长的土地上，肯定有十几种不同的土壤。

西红柿在某个地方长不好，但是在另一个地方却长得很好。

其他庄稼也一样。

我想，要是你在地里洒满化肥，这种差别就不会如此明显。

现代大学英语第二版精读2Unit3TheRiteofspringKeytoExercisesLesson 3 The Rite of SpringKey to ExercisesV ocabulary1◆1 累人的/繁重的◆2 耗费时间的◆3 性格锻炼、品格培养◆4 立法◆5 救火◆6 找工作、求职◆7 保全面子的◆8 维和◆9 捣乱分子◆10 止疼药◆11 摘棉工人◆12 筹集资金的人◆13 算命先生◆14 管家◆15 银行老板◆16 自欺欺人V ocabulary1◆17 自尊◆18 自信◆19 自制力◆20 自我牺牲◆21 自己的利益◆22 自我保护、自卫◆23 自律◆24 店里买的/自制的◆25 手写的◆26 自家做的◆27 敌人占领的◆28 铺满白雪的◆29 四周为陆地包围的/内陆的◆30 空降的，空运的/◆<花粉、种子等> 空中传播的,风媒的◆31 包着糖衣的◆32 镀金的2◆1 enrollment◆2 maintenance◆3 exposure◆4 entrance◆5 average◆6 assumption◆7 consumption◆8 involvement◆9 success/succession ◆10 revival◆11 implication◆12 reception◆13 deception◆14 conception/concept ◆15 perception ◆16 graduation◆17 penetration◆18 cultivation◆19 generation◆20 appreciation◆21 congratulation◆22 celebration◆23 frustration3◆1 pursue◆2 continue◆3 compensate◆4 exist◆5 encourage◆6 occupy◆7 accomplish◆8 conflict◆9 compose◆10 spare◆11 reassure◆12 extend◆13 conceive2Synonyms◆1 determine/decide◆2 smell/odor◆3 stop/end/quit/discontinue◆4 ray◆5 destroy◆6job/work/trade/profession/career/pursuit ◆7huge/immense/enormous/great◆8 choke◆9 damp◆10 reward/pay/payment/gain◆11 shine/glitter◆12 view/sight◆13 reawaken/br ing back to life Antonyms◆1 unnoticeable◆2 unromantic◆3 unload◆4 unwillingness◆5 useful/meaningful/sensible/advisable ◆6 maternal ◆7 immoral◆8 consumer◆9 quality◆10 tolerable◆11 dishonesty3◆1 为这行动找个理由◆2 为走这一步找个理由◆3 为自己找个理由◆4 当真；不开玩笑◆5 提高、改善质量◆6 提高生活水平◆7 改良土壤◆8 毁灭这个星球/地球◆9 毁坏/伤害健康◆10 葬送了/失去机会◆11 毁了/断送前途◆12 毁了庄稼◆13 勒死、绞死一个人◆14 使噎住、窒息◆15 吊死、执行绞刑◆16 培育植物◆17 重新燃起希望◆18 重新振作精神◆19 重新激发起兴趣◆20培养品德、培养性格4◆1 in massive numbers; regardless of; In some cases◆2 depended on nothing but◆3 tell apart; cast aside◆4 it would be the Boxers’ Rebellion all over again◆5 at work; worm his way through◆6 the (different) shades of meaning◆7come into play◆8 goes for◆9 are well aware of the vast quantities of; means business5◆1 of◆2 but◆3 apart◆4 into; after; to; over◆5 but; upon◆6 into; of; at◆7 apart; of; aside; for6◆1 Health care must be available to all citizens regardless of their differences. We cannot justify a policy that denies medical care to the large population living in the country.◆2 They claim to have discovered a universal law which applies to all nations.◆3 I often made a fool of myself when I was living with my uncle in his farm. When asked to get rid of the weeds in the ricefields, for example, I often failed to tell apart the weeds and the rice seedlings.◆4 Why go there today? I ‘d much rather we sta y until the snow ceases.◆5 Rice requires large quantities of water and many scientists warn us that even if we use our water sparingly, the day will inevitably come when we will be fighting over limited supplies of water resources.◆6 There has been quite a noticeable change in recent years. We no longer lean on exports for economic growth. We now tend to put more emphasis on home consumption.◆7 Today’s tendency is to give little kids too many tests and exams until they are no good foranything but taking exams.◆8 It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of papers annually regardless of their quality. Besides, this is a demand even Einstein would not have been able to meet. Grammar◆A Noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. Noun clauses can be used:◆A) as (direct ) object of verbs,◆b) after the link verb be as predicative,◆c) after an adjective such as (a person is), sure, certain, p ositive, it is amazing/strange/funny, etc, ◆d) as subject◆More examples:◆What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. (para. 2, unit 8, book 1)◆They seldom give advance notice about which school they are going to inspect.◆Other wh-words that are used to introduce a noun clause:Who, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever (relative pronoun)◆where, when, how, why (relative adverb)2◆1 what has brought you to Paris◆2 how much he loved him◆3 when and why you started your own business and how you went about setting it up◆4 why he has survived and most of his fellow travelers haven’t◆5 when he occasionally came in summer◆6 why the whales beached themselves◆7 How the pilot managed to bring the plane down safely◆8 w hat steps the Ministry of Railways will take to prevent a similar accident◆9 when it should be held◆10 who the driver was2◆1 digging up: object of started, it has an object and adverbial modifier of its own◆Doing；object of the proposition before◆2 se nding: subject of the sentence, it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own◆3 keeping: subject which has an object---a garden◆4 binding: predictive, it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own.◆5 saying: object of the preposition instead of◆6 striving: subject of the relative clause introduced by where◆7 hoping: object of ease, which has an object clause◆8 reviving: object of the preposition of, it has an object andadverbial modifier2◆1 Missing the flight means waiting for hours for the next.◆2 He never makes an important decision without asking his parents’ advice.◆3 I’ll return the book to you as soon as I finish reading it.◆4 Never enter anyone’s office without knocking.◆5 He tried very hard to avoid saying anything t hat might displease his sick father.◆6 Instead of trying to reduce costs, they raised prices and cut production.◆7 He has many good qualities besides being one of the most gifted chess player in the world.◆8 Many of us may be eating food containing GM ingredients.3◆1) looks◆2）given◆3) deep◆4) upward◆5)reward◆6) differ◆7) while◆8) rain◆9)shade◆10)growing4◆Do you know how computers work?◆Any one can do what I’m doing.◆That’s exactly where you’re wrong.◆It is almost impossible to visit Hangz hou without falling in love with the city.◆That was why she returned to China at age 73.◆How they entered overseas markets still remains a mystery to me.◆Find out who she is, where she is from, and what she has been sent here for.8. On his first day at school, the boy came to realize what lay ahead of him.◆Education must sow the seeds of wisdom, besides implanting knowledge and skills.◆They advised people touring the area to avoid going out alone after dark.◆Part of her work is teaching young people how to handle personal relationships.◆Making promise without keeping them is not considered a good practice.5◆1 been seen----being seen◆2 to love his father---he loved him◆3 me open----my opening◆4 √◆5 I wonder why he should lie to me---I’m his best friend after all.◆I wonder why he should lie to me; I’m his best friend after all.◆I wonder why he should lie to me. After all I’m his best friend.◆6 how did she managed----how she managed◆7 Hadn’t he been careless----Had he not been careless◆8 √◆9 s uggested----advised ◆10 how-what。

UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？约翰·切阿迪1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。

那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。

一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。

”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。

三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。

我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。

2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。

我本来可以指出，他考入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。

这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。

换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。

3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。

4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。

谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。

但平均每天24小时会保持不变。

在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。

5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。

假设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。

作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。

这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。

无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。

现代大学英语精读2Unit 1Accomplishment n. the act of finishing sth. completely and successfully;achievementAcquire v. to gain; to get for oneself by one's own workArrogantly adv. behaving in a proud and self-important wayArt n. art, music, theatre, literature, etc. when you think of them as agroup (统称) 艺术; fine ~ 美术Aspirin n. 阿司匹林（解热镇痛药）Assume v. to take as a fact; to supposeAvailable adj. able to be used or easily foundAverage v. to calculate the average of sth. ; ~ out 其平均数为Beanpole n. (infml) a very tall and thin personBull n. a male cowCertify v. to state that sth. is true or correct, esp. after some kind of test Civilized adj. educated and refined; having an advanced cultureClient n. a person who pays for help or advice from a person ororganizationContain v. to have sth. Inside or as part of itContinuity n. the state of being continuousCyanide n. 氰化物Democratic adj. based on the idea that everyone should have equal rights andshould be involved in making important decisions 民主的Disaster n. a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causesgreat damage or suffering. Here: a complete failureDrugstore n. (AmE) a shop which sells medicine (and a variety of other things) Employ v. (here) to spend time doing sth.Enroll v. to officially arrange to join a school or universityEssence n. the most important quality or feature of sth.; in ~ 本质上Expertise n. skill in a particular fieldExpose v. to enable sb. to see or experience new things or learn about newbeliefs, ideas, etc.Faculty n. (AmE) all the teachers of a university or collegeFragment n. a small piece of sth.Generate v. to produceGrind v. to crush into small pieces or powder by pressing between hardsurfacesHip n. the fleshy part of either side of the human body above the legs Humanity n. the qualities of being humanImplicitly adv. in an implied way 含蓄地Incompetence n. lack of the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should bedone 无能Inevitable adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoidIntellect n. power of thought 思维能力Invent v. to produce or design sth. that has not existed beforeLiteral adj. in the basic meaning of a wordMaintain v. to continue to have as beforeNeanderthal n. an early type of human being who lived in Europe during theStone AgeNevertheless adv. in spite of that; yetPeculiar adj. belonging only to a particular person; special; oddPenetrating adj. showing the ability to understand things clearly and deeplyPest n. (infml) an annoying personPharmacy n. a shop where medicines are prepared and sold. Here: the study ofpreparing drugs or medicinesPhilosophy n. the study of the nature and meaning of existence, reality, etc. 哲学Physicist n. a scientist who studies physics 物理学家Pill n. a small solid piece of medicine that you swallow whole; ~ grinding药剂碾磨Preside v. to lead; to be in charge; ~ over 主持Professional adj. relating to the work that a person does for an occupation, esp.work that requires special trainingPursuit n. the act of trying to achieve sth. in a determined waypush-button adj. using computers or electronic equipment rather than traditionalmethodsqualified adj. having suitable knowledge or experience for a particular jobraise v. (AmE) to care for a child or young animal until it is able to take careof itselfrear v. to care for a person or an animal until they are fully grown resources n. possessions in the form of wealth, property, skills, etc. that you have资源savage n. an uncivilized human beingscroll n. Here: a certificate of an academic degreesemester n. one of the two periods into which the year is divided in Americanhigh schools and universities (=term in BrE)sensitive adj. able to understand or appreciate art, music or literatureshudder v. to shake uncontrollably for a momentskill n. particular ability or type of abilityspecialize v. to limit all or most of one's study to particular subjects specialist专家species n. (infml) a type; a sortspecimen n. (here) a person who is unusual in some way and has a quality of aparticular kindspiritual adj. related to your spirit rather than to your body or mindstore v. to keepstuck adj. not knowing what to do in a particular situation; be ~ for 因为……而不知所措suffice v. to be enoughunaided adj. without help from anyone or anything 独立的Unit 5Advocate v. to support an idea or a plan publiclyAmusement n. enjoymentAntique adj. being old and therefore valuableAutomatic adj. Automatic Teller Machine(ATM) 自动取款机Battlefield n. a place where a battle is being fought or has been fought 战场Bicentennial n. the day or year exactly 200 years after a particular eventBriefing n. a meeting or document in which people receive information orinstructions; news ~ 新闻发布会Burst n. a short period of a particular activity or strong emotion that oftenstarts suddenlyCabinet n. a piece of furniture with doors, shelves or drawers for storing things;medicine ~ 药橱Carriage n. a wheeled vehicle, especially a private horse-drawn vehicleCD n. abbr. for “compact disk,”a small disk on which sound orinformation is recordedCheckerboard n. a board on which chess and checkers are played, divided into 64squares of two alternating colors 棋盘，方格图案Classic adj. accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or mostimportant of its kind 经典的Compress v. to force into less space 压缩Condense v. to put into a smaller or shortened form 紧缩; 缩小Confederate adj. belonging to a political union of states; the Confederate army美国内战时期的南方军队Consist v. ~ of : to be formed from the things or people mentioned 由……组成Constantly adv. (AmE) all the time; repeatedly 始终; 一直地Convenience n. the condition of being suitable to one's needs and easy to reach Credit n. ~ card : a small plastic card that you can use to buy goods orservices and pay for them later 信用卡Current adj. (AmE) of the present time; ~ events 时事Defer v. to delay until a later dateDiet n. a limited range and amount of food you eat when you want to getthinnerDigest n. a short piece of writing that gives the most important facts from abook, report, etc. 文摘Dots n. (pl.) small round marks 小点Excerpt n. a short piece of writing, music, film, etc. taken from a longer whole Exit n. a way out of a public building or vehicleExplore v. to travel to or around an area in order to learn about it Eyewitness n. a person who has seen a crime, accident, etc. and can describe itafterwards 目击证人Fax v. to transmit (printed matter or an image) by electronic means 发传真Featureless adj. uninteresting, without noticeable featuresFix n. (imfml) a solution to a problem esp. an easy or temporary one; quick ~ 即时解决方案Flash v. to pass very quicklyGorgeous adj. (infml) very beautiful or attravtiveGratification n. satisfactionGratify v. to please or satisfyGuaranteed adj. be ~ to: to be certain toHerd n. a group of animals of one kind which lives and feeds together Iceberg n. a large piece of ice floating in the sea, most of which is below thesurfaceIgnore v. not to take notice ofInfect v. to pass on a disease to sb.; to corruptInterstate n. a very wide road for long distance between US statesLakeside n. the area around the edge of a lakeLane n. the two or three parallel areas on a main road which are divided by painted lines to keep fast and slow traffic apart; the fast ~ 快车道Latest adj. the most recent or newest 最新的Lifestyle n. the way a person or a group of people lives and worksLinger v. to stay a little longer because you do not want to leave; ~ over 徘徊于……Liposuction n. the removal of fat from sb's body by means of suction 脂肪抽吸(术) Microwave n. a high-frequency electromagnetic wave 微波(炉)Miracle n. (infml) an event that cannot be explained according to the laws ofnature; ~ diet 速效减肥食谱Mph n. abbr. for miles per hourOutlet n. a shop through which products are sold; here: （工厂附设的）门市部Overnight adv. during the night; (here infml) suddenlyPastoral adj. typical of the simple peaceful life in the country 田园风光的Paycheck n. a salary checkPennsylvania n. a state of the eastern United Statas 宾夕法尼亚州Polaroid n. a trademark 宝丽来(一次成像的照相机)predigested adj. (of information) put in a simple form 经过简化、压缩的quality adj. of a high standard; ~ time (尤指和孩子一起度过的)宝贵时光; 优质时间rack n. 货架; off the ~ (AmE) 现成的rear n. ~-view mirror: a mirror in which a driver can see the traffic behind后视镜reduce v. to make sth. less or smaller in size; be ~d to 缩小成……refresh v. to make sb. feel less tired or less hotrevitalize v. to put new strength and power intoroute n. the way from one place to another on a mapsalad n. a mixture of raw vegetables or fruitscale n. an instrument for weighting people or things 秤scenery n. natural surroundings in beautiful and open countryscreen n. the surface of a computer display 电脑屏幕skim v. to move through (life) quickly, hardly touching the surfaceslide v. to pass by quietly without being noticed; ~ by 溜过去speed v. to make sth. move or happen faster; ~ out of control 疯狂加速到失去控制spicy adj. (food) having a pleasantly strong taste 辛辣的stuff v. (infml) to fill a container or space with sth.; (here) to eat a lot of food or too much foodsubtle adj. hardly noticeable unless you pay careful attention微妙的superficially adv. on the surface; not deeply or thoroughlysupermarket n. a large shop where a customer can choose from a large number of different kinds of food or other goodssymbolically adv. Relating to, or expressed by means of symbols 象征性地symphony n. a musical work for a large group of instruments 交响乐theme n. a short simple tune that is repeated and developed in a piece ofmusic 乐曲主题tour v. to visit for pleasureturnpike n. (AmE) a large road for fast traffic, esp. one that drivers have to pay touse 收费公路urge n. a strong wish for sth.VCR n. abbr. for video cassette recorder 录像机Version n. a slightly different form of sth. (book, film, story, etc.) form theoriginal 版本Wander v. to walk slowly without a purposeWest Virginia n. a state of the western United States 西弗吉尼亚州Unit 6Abandon v. to leave a person, a thing or place, esp. because it is impossible to stay with the person or stay at the placeAccumulation n. the state of getting more and more of sth. over a period of time Attached adj. full of affection for sb./sth.Attachment n. a strong feeling of affection for sb./sth.; form ~ 产生感情Barbed-wire adj. of wire having a barb or barbs 带刺铁丝的Binoculars n. an instrument, like two small telescopes fixed together, that makes objects that are far away seem nearer when you look through it 双筒望远镜Blissful adj. extremely happyBrim v. (of a cup, container, etc.) to be so full of a liquid that it flows over theedge; ~ over 溢出Bug n. (esp. AmE) any small insectCarve v. to write sth. on a surface by cutting it; ~d stone 石雕Castle n. ancient ~ 古城堡Cathedral n. the main church of a district of a district under the care of a Bishop(= a priest of high rank)Clumsily adv. of lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; awkwardly 笨拙地Dangle v. to hang or swing freely; ~ from one’s neck 在……脖子上挂着Definitely adv. a way of emphasizing sth. that is true and that there is no doubtabout itDense adj. containing a lot of people, things, plants, etc. with little spacebetween them 茂密的，浓密的Ease n. the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable; put sb. at~ 使舒适; 使感到自在Echo v. to repeat (a sound) by the reflection of sound waves from a surface发出回声; 起反响，起共鸣Familiarity n. the state of knowing sb. or sth. wellFascinated adj. very interestedFellow adj. used to describe sb. who is the same as you in some way; ~ students同学Fortress n. a building or place that has been strengthened and protected fromattackFossil n. the remains of an animal or plant which have become hard andturned into rockFrail adj. physically weak and thinFront v. to serve as a front for 装饰……的正面; glass- ~ed case 以玻璃罩面的书柜Gamekeeper n. a person whose job is to take care of the wild animals on a piece of private land 猎场看守人Glimpse v. to see sb./sth. for a moment, but not very clearlyGlow v. to shine with a soft color; ~ pinkly 发出粉红色的光Hike v. to go for a long walk in the countryHoly adj. important in a religious sense 神圣的Identify v. to recognize sb./sth. and be able to say who or what they are Illustration n. a drawing or picture in a book, magazine, etc., esp. one thatexplains sth.Immense adj. extremely large or greatInsect n. any small creature with six legs and a body divided into three parts Instinctively adv. by instinctInvisible adj. cannot be seenIvory n. a hard yellowish-white substance like bone that forms the long teeth of elephants and some other animals; figures of ~ 象牙雕刻的人物Impenetrable adj. impossible to be entered, passed through or seen through 难以渗透的Inclined adj. tending to do sth.; less ~ to laugh 不喜欢笑; 不想笑Laurel n. a bush with dark smooth shiny leaves that remain on the bush andstay green through the year 月桂树Legacy n. a situation that exists now because of events, actions that took place in the past 遗留的东西，遗产Major adj. large or importantMunch v. to eat sth. steadily and noisily, esp. sth. crispyNetwork n. a complicated system of roads, lines, tubes, nerves, etc. that crosseach other; a ~ of paths 交织的小路Nickname n. an informal, often humorous, name for a person 绰号Odds and ends n. (infml) small items that are not valuables or are not part of alargest set 零星物件Overseas adv. to or in a foreign country; go ~ 出国Patchwork n. a thing that is made up of many different pieces or parts 拼成的图案或其他物件Pheasant n. a large bird with a long tail, the male of which is brightly colored 野鸡Pillar n. a large stone, metal or wooden post that is used to support abridge, the roof of a buildingPotential n. the possibility of sth. happening 潜在性，可能性Practically adv. almost, very nearlyPrivate adv. opposite of public, enjoyed only by a particular person or a group,not for everyone; ~paradise 僻静的天地Proceed v. to move or travel in a particular directionProperty n. land and the building on it 房地产Regarding prep. Concerning sb./sth.Rewarding adj. worth doing; that makes you happy because you think it useful orimportant; ~ friendship 使人受益匪浅的友谊Roam v. to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim ordirection; ~ the woods 林间散步Rocket v. to move very fast; ~ off 突然飞出去Rustle v. to make sounds like leaves or paper moving or rubbing together发出树叶的沙沙声Seemingly adv. in a way that appears to be true but may in fact not be; ~ different貌似不同Shortbread n. (BrE, also shortcake) a rich crispy biscuit/cookie made with flour,sugar, and a lot of butter 黄油甜酥饼干Soccer n. (AmE) footballSoul n. a person’s inner character containing true thoughts and feelingsSting v. (strung, strung) to hurt or make sth. hurt with a sudden sharp painfor a short time; ~ one’s eyes 刺眼Surround v. to be around sth./sb. on every sideSuspect v. to think that sth. is probably true or likely to happenTart n. an open pie filled with sweet food such as fruit; jam ~ 果酱派Tome n. (fml) a large heavy book, esp. one dealing with a serious topic Trespass v. to enter land or a building that you do not have the permission orthe right toTrunk n. the thick main stem of a treeTutor v. to teachTwitter n. a series of short high sounds that birds makeVaulted adj. made in the shape of an arch or a series of arches; having a ceiling or roof of this shape 拱形的Verge v. to be very close to a placeWary adj. careful when dealing with sb./sth. because you think that there may be a danger or problemWell n. a deep hole in the ground from which people obtain water; ~ofknowledge 知识的源泉Wistful adj. thinking sadly about sth. that you would like to have, esp. sth. in the past that you can no longer haveWoodland n. an area of land that is covered with treesWow n. (infml) exclamation used to express great surprise or admiration Wrench v. to pull or twist suddenly and violentlyUnit 10Absorb v. to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or spacearoundAD abbr. (AmE) used in the Christian calendar to show a particular numberof year since the year Christ was believed to have been born 公元Bakery n. a place where bread is made/soldBand n, a group of people who do sth. togetherBay n. a part of the sea, or of a large lake, enclosed by a wide curve of theshoreBeetle n. an insect, often large and black, with a hard case on its backcovering its wingsBoard v. to get on a ship, train, plane, bus, etc.Branch v. ~ out: to divide into more partsClatter n. a series of loud short noises when a hard object hits againstanother one on surfaceCloudburst n. a sudden heavy rain 倾盆大雨Cluster v. to come together in a small group of groupsCollapse v. to fall down or fall in suddenlyColumn n. a tall, solid, vertical post, usu. round and made of stoneCram v. to push sb./sth. into a small placeCrater v. a large hole in the top of a volcanoCrouch v. to lower your body close to the ground by bending your legsunder youDescend v. to come or go down from a higher level to a lower oneDoom n. death or destructionDrift v. to move along smoothly or slowly in water or airErupt v. to emerge violently from restraint or limits; to explode from thevolcanoExplosion n. the sudden violent bursting and the loud noise of sth.Flee v. (fled, fled) to leave a person or a place very quicklyGraze v. (of cow, sheep) to eat grass growing in a field, pasture, etc. Harbor n. an area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea bystrong walls, where ships can stayHoof n. the hard part of the foot of some animals, e.g. horsesHuddle v. (of people or animals) to gather closely togetherHurl v. to throw violently in a particular directionInn n. (AmE) a small hotelIntact adj. complete and not damagedJar n. a round container with a lid used for storing food, etc.; wine ~ 酒缸Loaf n. (pl. loaves) an amount of bread that has been shaped and baked inone pieceMediterranean adj. of the region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea 地中海的Mighty adj. very strong and powerfulMonoxide n. 一氧化物Nightmare n. an experience that is very frightening and unpleasant Overwhelm v. to cover sb./sth. completelyPerish v. to be lost or destroyedPoisonous adj. causing death or illness if swallowed or absorbed into the body Priest n. a person who is qualified to perform religious duties orceremoniesProsperous adj. rich and successfulPumice n. a type of grey stone that comes from volcanoes and is very lightin weightQuick-witted adj. mentally alert and sharp 头脑敏捷的Reverberate v. if a sound reverberates, it is repeated many times as it hits twoopposite surfacesSack n. a large bag with no handles made of rough strong material Savage adj. fierce and violentShatter v. to suddenly break into small piecesShepherd n. a person whose job is to take care of sheepShimmer v. to cover or hide sth. n. sth. that hides or coverssth.slate n. a small sheet of dark grey stone, used in the past in schools forchildren to write onstumble v. to hit your foot against sth. while walking or runningsummit n. the highest point of sth.thicken v. to become thicker or make sth. thickerthrong n. a long piece of wood with a flame at one end that is used as alighttrample v. to step heavily on sb./sth. so that you crush or harm them Vesuvius n. an active volcano of southern Italy on the eastern shore of the Bayof Naples; Mount ~ 维苏威山Victim n. a person who has been attacked, injured, or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident, etc. 受害者Villa n. a house where people stay on holiday/vacationVolcanic adj. (AmE) caused or produced by a volcano; ~ash 火山灰Yawn v. to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply through it, usu.because you are tired or boredUnit 12Adroit adj. skillful and clever, esp. in dealing with peopleAgony n. extreme physical or mental painAmbassador n. an official who lives in a foreign country as the senior Anticipate v. to expect sth.Apply v. to be relevant to a particular person or thing 适用于Blow v. ~ off steam 发泄怒气Blunder v. to make a stupid or careless mistakeBoil v. ~ with anger 怒火中烧; 异常气愤Bristle v. ~ with sth.: to have a large amount of sth., or to be full of sth. Broadsword n. a large sword with a broad flat bladeBurial n. the act or ceremony of putting a dead body into a grave; ~ permit埋葬许可证Capture v. to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or in anenclosed spaceCavalry n. the part of the army that fought on horses (旧时的) 骑兵Charity n. kindness and sympathy toward other peopleCondemn v. to express very strong disapproval of sb./sth.Confucius n. a famous Chinese philosopher 孔子Decay v. if a building or an area decays, its condition slowly becomes worse Deft adj. (of a person’s movement) skillful and quickDeluge v. to flood a place with waterDetailed adj. giving many details and a lot of informationDiplomatic adj. having or showing skill in dealing with people in differentsituation 灵活的; 有外交手腕的Disappiontment n. sadness because sth. expected has not happened; bitter ~ 极大的失望Distressed adj. upset and anxiousDuel n. a formal fight with weapons between two people, used in thepast to settle a quarrel 决斗Exhaustive adj. very thorough; looking at every detailFutile adj. having no effort or achieving nothingGettysburg n. a town of southern Pennsylvania in the US 葛底斯堡Hasty adj. acting or deciding in a hurry, because you do not have much time Heaven-sent adj. 上天所赐的; ~ opportunity 天赐良机Hereafter adv. (AmE) (in legal documents, etc.) in the rest of this document Illinois n. a state of the north-central United States 伊利诺伊州Impair v. to damage sb. or make sth. worseImpassable adj. (of a road, an area etc.) impossible to travel on or through; ~ river(水流湍急) 不能通过的河流Incompetent adj. not having the ability or skill to do sth.Indiana n. a state of the north-central United States 印第安纳州Indignation n. a feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth. that is unfair orunreasonableIndulge v. to allow oneself to have or to do sth. that one like, esp. sth. that isconsidered bad for oneselfInsult v. to say or do sth. that offends sb.Invaluable adj. extremely valuable or usefulJournal n. a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject orprofessionLashing n. an act of hitting sb. with a whip as a punishment 鞭打; tongur- ~ 斥责; 谴责Leap v. to jump high or a long way; ~ on one’s horse 跳上马Magnitude n. the great size, importance, or effort of sth.Malice n. a feeling of hatred for sb. that causes a desire to harm sb. Maneuver v. to control or influence a situation in a skillful but sometimesdishonest way 使用花招或谋略Mississippi n. ~ River 密西西比河Motivate v. to be the reason why sb. does sth. or behaves in a particular way Mush n. a soft thick mass or mixture 糊状物Opponent n. a person that you are playing or fighting against in a game,competition, argument, etc.Pierce v. to make a hole; to be ~d with 突然看到刺目的强光或听到刺耳的尖叫声Point-blank adv. in a very firm and direct way, usu. not very polite; refuse ~ 断然拒绝Politician n. a person whose job is concerned with politics, esp. as an electedmember of a parliament, etc.Procrastinate v. to delay doing sth. you should do, usu. because you do not want todo itProlong v. to make sth. last longer; ~ indefinitely 无限延长Proofreader n. sb. who reads sth. written or printed and marks any mistakes sothat they can be correctedRecede v. to move gradually away from a previous positionRegulate v. to control sth. by means of rulesRestraint n. the act of controlling or limiting sth. because it is necessary orsensible to do soRetain v. to keep sth. or to continue to have sth.Retreat v. to move away from a place or an enemy because of danger Ridicule v. to try to make sb./sth. look silly by making fun of them in an unkindwaySandbar n. a raised area of sand in a river that sticks out of the water slightly 沙洲Savagely adv. severelyScold v. to criticize sb. severely and angrily because they have done sth.wrongSecond n. an official attendant of a contestant in a duel or boozing match(拳击比赛或旧时决斗中的) 助手Standpoint n. a point of view or a way of thinking about ideas or situation Swollen adj. containing more water than normalTact n. the ability to deal with difficult or embarrassing situations carefullyand without doing or saying anything that will annoy or upset otherpeople 老练; 圆滑Test pilot n. a pilot whose job is to fly aircraft in order to test their performance飞行员Tragically adv. sadlyTrap n. a piece of equipment used for catching animals; (here) an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escapeUnleash v. to set strong feelings or forces etc. free and allow them to act withfull forceVain adj. too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements 爱虚荣的Victorious adj. having won a victory 得胜的Unit 13Academy n. an official organization which aims at encouraging and development art, literature, science, etc. 研究院; 学会Account n. on sb.’s ~ 为了某人的缘故, 相当于for sb.’s sakeAllowance n. an amount of money that is given to sb. regularly or for a particular purposeArtfully adv. in a clever or designed wayAscend v. to go upBalloon n. a bag made of very thin rubber that becomes larger and rounderwhen you fill it with air or gasBanister n. the posts and rail at the side of a staircase 楼梯栏杆Blueprint n. a detailed plan for doing sth. new; a drawing that shows how tobuild sth. or make a machine 蓝图Blurt v. to say sth. suddenly and without thinking carefully; ~ out 脱口而出Breadstick n. a long, thin, often crisp piece of breadBushman n. 澳大利亚的丛林土著人Cabin n. a room in a ship; ~ boy 船舱服务员Cable n. 电报(注: 此词由“海底电缆”引申而来, 现在已经不再使用, 而用“telegram”代替)Cannibal n. a person who eats human flesh 食人者; 吃人生番(注意这种带有侮辱性的字眼)Charred adj. burnt and blackCharter v. to rent/hire a plane, boat, etc. for your own use 包租(飞机、船等) Cocky adj. too confident about yourself in a way that annoys other people Comet n. a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like abright star with a tail 彗星Confirm v. to make you feel sure that your idea or belief is right or true; ~sb.’s desire 使其更加坚信他的愿望是对的Convertible adj. being able to be changed to a different form or useCoral n. 珊瑚; ~ beads 珊瑚珠Correspondent n. (AmE) a person who reports news from a particular country or ona particular subject for a newspaper, radio, or televisionCramp n. a sudden pain you get when the muscles in a particular part of your body tighten, usu. caused by cold or too much exercise 抽筋Credit v. ~ sb. with sth.: to say that sb. is responsible for a certainachievement 将某事归功于某人Delegate v. to choose sb. to do sth. for you or to represent youDeprive v. ~ sb. of sth. to prevent sb. from having or doing sth. 剥夺某人的(权力)Double-hulled adj. 双船体的Envision v. to imagine what a situation will be like in the future。

Lesson 3 The Rite of SpringKey to Exercises Vocabulary11累人的 /繁重的2耗费时间的3性格锻炼、品格培养4立法5救火6找工作、求职7保全面子的8维和9捣乱分子10止疼药11摘棉工人12筹集资金的人13算命先生14管家15银行老板16自欺欺人Vocabulary117自尊18自信19自制力20自我牺牲21自己的利益22自我保护、自卫23自律24店里买的 /自制的25手写的26自家做的27敌人占领的28铺满白雪的29 四周为陆地包围的/内陆的30 空降的，空运的 /<花粉、种子等 > 空中传播的 ,风媒的31包着糖衣的32镀金的21enrollment2maintenance3exposure4entrance5average6assumption7consumption8involvement9success/succession 10r evival11i mplication12r eception13d eception14c onception/concept 15p erception16g raduation17p enetration18c ultivation19g eneration20a ppreciation21c ongratulation22c elebration23f rustration31pursue2continue3compensate4exist5encourage6occupy7accomplish8conflict9 compose 10s pare11r eassure 12e xtend13c onceive2Synonyms1determine/decide2smell/odor3stop/end/quit/discontinue 4ray5d estroy6job/work/trade/profession/c areer/pursuit7huge/immense/enormous/gr eat8choke9damp10r eward/pay/payment/gain 11s hine/glitter12v iew/sight13r eawaken/bring back to life Antonyms1unnoticeable2unromantic3unload4unwillingness5u seful/meaningful/sensible/advisable 6 maternal7immoral8consumer9quality10t olerable11d ishonesty31为这行动找个理由2为走这一步找个理由3为自己找个理由4当真；不开玩笑5提高、改善质量6提高生活水平7改良土壤8毁灭这个星球 /地球9毁坏 /伤害健康10葬送了 /失去机会11毁了 /断送前途12毁了庄稼13勒死、绞死一个人14使噎住、窒息15吊死、执行绞刑16培育植物17重新燃起希望18重新振作精神19重新激发起兴趣20培养品德、培养性格41 in massive numbers; regardless of; In some cases2 depended on nothing but3 tell apart; cast aside4 it would be the Boxers ’ Rebellion all over again5 at work; worm his way through6 the (different) shades of meaning7come into play8 goes for9 are well aware of the vast quantities of; means business51of2but3apart4into; after; to; over5 but; upon6 into; of; at7 apart; of; aside; for61 Health care must be available to all citizens regardless of their differences. We cannot justify a policy that denies medical care to thelarge population living in the country.2 They claim to have discovered a universal law which applies to all nations.3 I often made a fool of myself when I was living with my uncle in hisfarm. When asked to get rid of the weeds in the rice fields, for example,I often failed to tell apart the weeds and the rice seedlings.4 Why go there today? I ‘ d much ratheryuntilwe stathe snow ceases.5 Rice requires large quantities of water and many scientists warn us that even if we useourwater sparingly, the day will inevitably come when we will be fighting overlimited supplies ofwater resources.6 There has been quite a noticeable change in recent years. We no longerlean on exports foreconomic growth. We now tend to put more emphasis on homeconsumption.7 Today ’ s tendency isto give little kids too many tests and exams until they are no good foranything but taking exams.8 It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number ofpapers annually regardless of their quality. Besides, this is a demandeven Einstein would not have been able to meet.GrammarA Noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. Noun clauses can be used: A) as (direct ) object of verbs,b)a fter the link verb be as predicative,c)after an adjective such as (a person is), sure, certain, positive, it isamazing/strange/funny, etc,d)a s subjectMore examples:What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. (para. 2, unit 8, book 1)They seldom give advance notice about which school they are going to inspect. Other wh-words that are used to introduce a noun clause: Who, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever (relative pronoun)where, when, how, why (relative adverb)21 what has brought you to Paris2 how much he loved him3 when and why you started your own business and how you went about setting it up4 why he has survived and most of his fellow travelers haven ’t5 when he occasionally came in summer6 why the whales beached themselves7 How the pilot managed to bring the plane down safely8 what steps the Ministry of Railways will take to prevent a similar accident9 when it should be held10 who the driver was21 digging up: object of started, it has an object andadverbial modifier of its own Doing ； object of theproposition before2 sending: subject of the sentence, it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own3 keeping: subject which has an object---a garden4 binding: predictive, it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own.5 saying: object of the preposition instead of6 striving: subject of the relative clause introduced by where7 hoping: object of ease, which has an object clause8 reviving: object of the preposition of, it has an object and adverbial modifier21Missing the flight means waiting for hours for the next.2He never makes an important decision without asking hisparents’advice.3I ’ ll return the book toyou as soon as I finish reading it.4Never enteranyone ’ s office without knocking.5He tried very hard to avoid saying anything that might displease his sick father.6 Instead of trying to reduce costs, they raised prices and cut production.7 He has many good qualities besides being one of the most gifted chess player in the world.8 Many of us may be eating food containing GM ingredients.31)l ooks 2）given3)d eep4)u pward5)reward6)d iffer7)w hile8)r ain9)shade10)growing4Do you know how computers work?Any one can do what I ’ m doing.That ’ s exactly where you ’ re wrong.It is almost impossible to visit Hangzhou without falling in love with the city.That was why she returned to China at age 73.How they entered overseas markets still remains a mystery to me.Find out who she is, where she is from, and what she has been sent here for.8. On his first day at school, the boy came to realize what lay ahead of him.Education must sow the seeds of wisdom, besides implanting knowledge and skills.They advised people touring the area to avoid going out alone after dark.Part of her work is teaching young people how to handle personal relationships.Making promise without keeping them is not considered a good practice.51 been seen----being seen2 to love his father---he loved him3 me open----my opening4√5 I wonder why he should lie to me--- I ’ m his best friend after all.I wonder why he should lie to me; I ’ m his best friend after all.I wonder why he should lie to me. After all I ’ m his best friend.6 how did she managed----how she managed7 Hadn ’ t he been careless----Had he not been careless8√9suggested----advised10h ow-what。

现代大学英语精读3单词unit 1adolescence n. 青春期adulthood n. 成年affirm vt. 证实,断言,肯定vi. 断言,申明agenda n. 议事日程approval n. 批准, 认可, 同意, 赞同attitudinal adj. 态度的Baptist n. 施洗者约翰, 施洗者, 浸信会教友contribute vt. 捐助,投稿vi. 投稿,贡献,是原因之一counsel n. 商议, 忠告, 法律顾问v. 商议, 劝告crisis n. 危急关头,危机encyclopedia n. 百科全书endeavor n. 努力, 尽力, 进取心vt. 努力,尽力vi. 企图, 谋求endowment n. 捐助(奖金),天赋ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的ethnic adj. 民族的，种族的，有民族特色的n. 少数民族的一员evaluate vt. 评估,评价excessive adj. 过多的,过分的feminine adj. 女性的functional adj. 功能的,有功能的,实用的genetic adj. 基因的, 遗传的, 起源的heighten v. 增高,提高,加强inherit vi. 继承vt. 继承,遗传inhibition n. 禁止, 禁制, 压抑interaction n. 相互作用, 相互影响internalize vt. 使内在化masculine n. 阳性, 男性adj. 男性的, 阳性的, 有丈夫气的newscast n. 新闻广播option n.选择（的自由）；选项；选择权；选择能力vt.得到或获准进行选择；调动球员peer vi. 凝视，盯着看；窥视vt. 封为贵族；与…同等n. 贵族；同等的人perceive v. 察觉, 感觉, 认知, 理解process n.过程；工序；做事方法；工艺流程vt.加工；处理；审阅；审核vi.列队行进adj.经过特殊加工（或处理）的project n. 工程,项目,计划,事业v. 计划,设计,表达v. 投射,放映,凸出rebel n. 叛徒,起义者vi. 造反,反抗,反感adj. 造反的,反抗的,反叛者的resentment n. 怨恨, 愤恨seminary n. 神学院, 学院，发源地stressful adj. 紧张的, 压力重的theological adj. 神学的=theologicunquestionably adv. 当然地, 无可非议地wardrobe n. 衣柜，衣橱n. 全部服装adolescent adj. 青春期的, 青少年的n. 青少年distressed adj.痛苦的动词distress的过去式和过去beard n. 胡须vt. 抓住胡须,公开反对unit 2 Diogenes and Alexanderblock n.块；街区；<英>大楼，大厦；障碍物，阻碍vt.阻止；阻塞；限制cynicism n.愤世嫉俗，讥笑，冷言冷语Cynicism:犬儒主义，犬儒哲学elaborate adj. 精细的, 详尽的, 精心的' v. 详细地说明, 用心地作, 推敲elegant adj. 优雅的, 精美的, 俊美的fountain n. 喷泉,源泉,储水容器,泉水vt.& vi. 使像喷泉一样流guffaw vi .哄笑, 狂笑n. 哄笑, 狂笑vt. 大笑着说lunatic adj. 疯狂的，极蠢的n. 疯子macedonian adj.马其顿的n.马其顿人monarch n. 帝王, 统治者, 元首/nn. 君王斑点蝶nudge vt. 轻推,引起注意,接近vi. 轻推olive n. 橄榄, 橄榄树, 橄榄色adj. 黄绿色的, 黄褐色的, 橄榄色的page n. 页v. (给...)当听差vt. (通过扩音器、传呼机等)呼叫paradox n.反论，悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事；[物]佯谬pebble n. 鹅卵石n. 水晶, 水晶透镜v. 用卵石铺,用卵石投掷,使有卵石纹privacy n. 隐私, 隐居, 秘密scant adj. 不充分的, 不足的v. 减缩, 限制，忽略scoop n. 铲子, 舀取, 独家新闻, 一勺, 穴vt. 汲取, 舀取, 抢先报道, 挖空scratch n. 抓痕,抓的声音,乱写vt. &vi. 搔痒,抓,抹掉adj. 使皮肤发痒的，潦草的squatter vi. 涉水过n. 蹲着的人，擅自占地者，寮屋，寮屋住户stroll n. 闲逛,漫步vt.& vi. 闲逛,漫步sweat n. 汗, 流汗, (因冷凝作用形成在物体表面的)水珠, 艰巨的任务, 焦急状态vi. 出汗, 辛苦工作, 感到焦急vt. 使流汗, 拼命做出...titter n. 嗤笑, 偷笑vi. 吃吃地笑, 偷笑naked adj. 裸体的,无掩饰的,明白的,手无寸铁的corresponding adj. 符合的, 一致的, 相同的, 相应的, 相当的conventionality n. 常规，因袭传统generosity n. 慷慨, 大方bare adj. 赤裸的,显露的,极少的,仅仅的vt. 使赤裸,露出squat n. 蹲adj. 蹲着的, 矮胖胖的v. 蹲下, 坐decay n. 衰退, 腐败v. 衰退, 腐败scorn n. 轻蔑, 被叱责的人v. 轻蔑, 不屑做handful n. 少数,一把,棘手之事n. 【非正式用语】难以控制的人或费劲的事rough adj.粗糙的，崎岖不平的；粗鲁的；狂暴的，汹涌的；未经加工的vt.粗暴地对待；使粗糙；草拟n.粗糙的部分；艰难，苦难；（高尔夫球场的）深草区adv.粗暴地vi.举止粗野hollow n. 洞, 窟窿, 山谷adj. 空的, 虚伪的, 空腹的vt. 形成空洞, 挖空vi. 形成空洞adv. 有闷哑声, 完全地provide for 供给，为 ... 作准备at dawn 拂晓,天一亮merchant n. 商人,店主,专家adj. 商业的know of 知道，听说mischievous adj. 调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的far too 极其，非常，远远，太healthy adj. 健康的healthful adj. 有益健康的, 使人健康的, 卫生的unit 3 Silent Springabundance n. 丰富,充裕acreage n. 土地的面积, 英亩数adapt vt. 使适应,改编vi. 适应，适合adjust vt. 调整, 使...适于vi. 适应angler n. 钓鱼者，琵琶鱼assault n. 攻击, 突袭vt. 袭击, 突袭biocide n. 生物杀灭剂，杀虫剂biological adj. 生物学的birch n. 桦树, 桦木vt. 用桦条抽打blaze n. 火焰,烈火vi. 燃烧,发光vt. 燃烧,宣布,在树皮上刻痕,领导,开拓bound n. 跳跃,界限,范围adj. 必定的，受约束的,装订的,有义务的vt. 跳跃前进，形成界限brand n. 燃烧的木条,剑,商标,牌子,烙印,类型vt. 打烙印,污蔑,铭记check vt.检查，核对；制止，抑制；在…上打勾vi.核实，查核；中止；打勾；[象棋]将一军n.<美>支票；制止，抑制；检验，核对chorus n. 合唱队,歌舞队，齐声说道，副歌部分，vt. 合唱coat n. 外套,一层,动物皮毛vt. 外面覆盖,盖上毛衣colossal adj. 巨大的,异常的community n. 社区, 团体confined adj. 被限制的, 狭窄的, 在分娩中的动词confine的过去式和过去分词consent n. 同意, 许可v. 同意, 承诺considerable adj. 相当大的,可观的,重要的contamination n. 污染,污染物contend vi. 奋斗,斗争,辩论vt. 坚持认为,竞争counterpart n. 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物damp n. 毒气,湿气,丧气adj. 潮湿的vt. 呛,抑制,使潮湿vi. 衰减deliberate adj. 故意的,深思熟虑的, 从容不迫的vi. 仔细考虑vt. 研讨deserted adj. 废弃的，荒芜的，被遗弃的动词desert的过去式和过去分词ecologist n. 生态学家environment n. 环境,外界evolve vt. &vi. 进展,进化,展开explosive adj. 爆炸(性)的n. 炸药fern n. 羊齿植物，蕨film n. 电影, 胶卷, 薄膜vt. 把...拍成电影, 给...覆上一薄层vi. 从事电影拍摄flame n. 火焰,火舌,鲜红色,光辉,恋人,怀念,辱骂信息vi. 焚烧,爆发,面红, 发辱骂信息vt. 用烟火发信号,用火对待,发辱骂信息flicker n. 闪烁, 闪光, 颤动v. 闪动, 闪烁, 摇动flock n. 一群,信众,软填料,短绒,棉絮,毛屑vt. 塞填充料vi. 成群而行,聚集gear n. 齿轮,传动装置,设备,工具vt. &vi. 使适应于,以齿轮连起,配搭活动,调整habitat n. (动植物的)产地,栖息地harmony n. 和弦,协调,和睦,调和hence adv. 今后, 从此, 因此, 所以immune adj. 免除的,免疫的n. 免疫者impetuous adj. 冲动的, 猛烈的, 轻率的indiscriminate adj. 无差别的, 不分皂白的, 杂陈的inhabit v. 居住于, 占据, 栖息insecticide n. 杀虫剂integrity n. 诚实, 正直, 完整, 完善intensification n.激烈化,增强明暗度intermingle v. 混合, 搀杂inventive adj. 善于创造的, 发明的irrecoverable adj. 不能挽回的, 不能复原的isolated adj. 分离的,孤立的land n. 陆地, 国土, 土地v. 登陆, 登岸, 卸货lethal adj. 致命的,毁灭性的,有效的n. 基因异常,致死基因marsh n. 沼泽, 湿地Marsh：马什（人名）midst n. 中间, 当中prep. (=amidst)在...当中migrant n. 移居者modify vt. 修改,调正,缓和vi. 修改mold n. 模子,模型,类型,模式,雏型,真菌,软土vt. 形成,形成,制模,发霉vi. 符合形状,发霉organism n. 生物体, 有机体outbreak n. 爆发pool n. 水塘(池),游泳池,撞球vi. 形成池塘vt. 集中,积累potent adj. 强有力的,有效的primary n. 最主要者adj. 主要的, 初期的, 根本的primitive adj. 原始的n. 原始人,文艺复兴前的艺术家prosperous adj. 繁荣的, 兴旺的puzzle n. 难题,迷惑vt. 使困惑,解决vi. 迷惑,苦思radiation n. 辐射,放射线rapidity n. 迅速,急速,速度reserve n. 预备品, 贮存, 候补n. 克制, 含蓄vt. 保留, 预订, 延期resurgence n. 再起, 复活, 再现score n.得分；分数；总谱；20个v.得分；记分；评分；获得胜利shady adj. 荫凉的,成荫的,暗的sicken v. 患病, 使...厌倦, 生病sinister adj. 不吉利的, 凶恶的, 左边的span n.共轭（马、骡）；跨度，墩距；一段时间；[航] 跨绳vt.缚住或扎牢；跨越时间或空间；以掌测量；以手围绕测量类似测量spell v. 拼写，缓慢地或吃力地读n. 魅力，符咒vt. 用符咒镇住(某人) n. 一段时间，轮班v. 轮班，休息spiral n. 旋涡, 螺旋形之物adj. 螺旋形的, 盘旋的v. 成螺旋状下降或上升, 成螺旋状旋转still adj. 静止的, 不动的, 静寂的adv. 仍然,更,静止地conj. 然而,但是vi. 变沉默vt. 使冷静, 抓住, 使停止, 使放松n. 沉默, 定格照, 酒厂subject n. 科目, 主题; 缘由n. (君主国); 实验对象adj. 服从的, 易患的vt. 使隶属, 使服从; 使遭遇landscape n. 风景,山水,风景画v. 美化…的景观,进行造园工程substantial n. 重要部份, 本质adj. 大量的, 实质上的, 有内容的该单suppress vt. 镇压,使...止住,禁止surroundings n.环境synthetic adj. 综合的,合成的,人造的n. 人工制品tamper v. 干预, 玩弄, 贿赂throb n. 悸动, 搏动vi. 悸动troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的, 讨厌的，困难的，棘手的trout n. 鳟鱼，鳟鱼肉undergo vt. 遭受,经历,忍受vegetation n. 植物,草木,(植物)生长witchcraft n. 魔法, 巫术。

.Unit21 我跟你说，从各方面考虑，当教师不失为一个好主意。

事实上，我认为这个主意好极了。

You know what ?All things considered,it’s not a bad idea to be a teacher. As a matter of fact,I think it is an excellent idea.2我不大喜欢你像刚才那样用讽刺的口气说话。

你好像老是在暗示，我是什么都不会的废物。

I don’t like it when you take a sarcastic tone the way you just did . You seem tobe implying all the time that I am a good-for-nothing.3我爸能让我作最后决定，真是很体谅人。

我得说我够幸运。

不是很多人都有这么好的父亲。

It is really considerate of my father to leave the final decision to me . I must sayI am very lucky.Not many people have such a terrific father.4你说你不要钱。

你可能不愿要，但你的确需要钱。

我看不出来大学生在课余时间挣点钱有什么错。

You said you do not want any money .You may not want money ,but you do need money .I don’t see what’s wrong with students earning some money during their spare time.5不知道为什么，这个曲调听起来很熟，但我就是记不起来了。

反正是一首俄罗斯民歌。

Somehow this tune sounds very familiar, but I can’t recall what it is. In anycase ,It is a Russian folk song.6除了一贯的周末家务，我明天还有一大堆家庭作业要做。

一，put in each blank the right form or derivative of the words in brackets1, The interior decoration(decorate) of this hotel will be in traditional (tradition) Chinese style.2. The building is functional (function). There is nothing very decorative decorate) in it.3, We need someone like her with managerial (manage) skills. She studied hotel management (manage) in Hong Kong.4, Those gentle rolling (roll) hills are a delightful (delight) sight.5, Occasionally (occasion), he would show remarkable creativity (create). 6, He looks all right. But he is rather forgetful (forget) these days. It is quite troublesome (trouble).7, His father is a highly respected(respect) professor who has won admiration (admire) for his impressive (impress) academic achievement. 8, Proportionately (proportion), female students still surprising (surprise) outnumber male students in our university.9, Never act on impulse (impulse). Impulsive (impulse) people always do things they will regret later.10, Skydiving (skydive) must be an exhilarating (exhilarate) experience. 二，translate the following sentences into English1,他们都伸长脖子想看个究竟，就好像被一跟无形的绳子牵着。

（完整版）现代大学英语精读2课后翻译Unit 1 Say Yes1.我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。

我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。

It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. we must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.2.随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多的卷入国际事务。

而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。

As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more involve in international affairs. And Conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests among nations.3.我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。

但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。

We are proud of our accomplishment, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.4.信息现在唾手可得。

一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。

Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of an ordinary library.5.那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。

Unit 3一、词汇短语Text Apatch [] n. 补丁；斑点；一小片v. 修补，补缀；解决【例句】They patched together the broken statues with glue and plaster. 他们用胶和膏料把打碎的雕像拼凑起来。

【词组】patch sth. up草率地修补a bad patch（处于、遭遇等）困难、不幸或倒霉的时期【助记】pitch 沥青，常见到用一小块沥青作补丁来修补公路上的坑；计算机要及时下载补丁程序，就是这个patch【派生】patchy adj. 不调和的；拼凑成的；有补丁的bunch [] n. 一束，一串；一群，一帮v. 捆成一束；聚集【例句】Your friends are all just a bunch of nobodies. 你的朋友都不过是无名之辈。

【助记】bunch，搬去（去扔），球【派生】bunched adj. 成束的beet [] n. 甜菜，甜菜根vt.生火，修理，改过【例句】He likes to eat the beet root. 他喜欢吃甜菜根。

【词组】(as) red as a beet像红甜菜根般红beet sugar甜菜糖beet root 甜菜根【助记】bee蜜蜂。

蜜蜂爱吃的菜，一定甜——甜菜back-breaking [] adj. (=backbreaking)辛苦的，非常辛劳的；累断腰的；繁重的【例句】Many months of back-breaking work still face them. 他们还要面对很多个月的繁重工作。

make-believe [] n. 虚假, 伪装, 虚伪(的人)adj.虚假的, 虚伪的【例句】①She squandered millions on a life of make-believe. 她为一种虚幻的生活挥金如土。

②The violence in those films was too unreal, it was make-believe.那些影片里的暴力场面太不真实了，都是假的。

Charactern. e.g. The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.汉字看起来象是一幅幅小图画。

He has a strong but gentle character. 他有坚强但温柔的性格.The new buildings have changed the character of the village. 新建筑改变了这个村庄的特点I find all the characters in his new play very real.我觉得他那出新戏中所有的人物都很真实a man of character有个性的人, 有骨气的人have an insight into character有知人之明a leading character主角a public character社会知名人士quite a character怪人*have a character for sth.有...名声, 以...著称*in the character of以...的资格; 扮演...角色e.g. in his character as the father以父亲的身份*in character (with)适合, 和...相称e.g. behavior that was totally in character与特性完全相符的行为*out of character不适合, 和...不相称e.g. a response so much out of character回答与其性格如此不符(Ex.) characterize vt.表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格e.g. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征be involved with涉及(Ex.)be involved in包含在...; 与...有关; 被卷入; 专心地(做)e.g. be involved in trouble卷入纠纷compromisen. e.g. The union made compromise with the boss. 与...妥协He did it without compromise of his dignity. 他做这事而不损及他的尊严(损害；连累；危及) v. e.g. I would rather die than compromise. 我宁死不妥协Such conduct will compromise your reputation. 如此举动将会损害你的名誉*compromise with...on在...方面同...妥协We can not compromise on such terms.我们不能根据这样的条件和解*be compromised by被危害an embassy that was compromised by hidden listening devices被隐藏窃听器置于险境的大使馆1. compromise n. v.(1) C, U an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥协；折中; 折衷事物e.g. make compromise with 与...妥协e.g. compromise of principle 原则上的让步e.g. He did it without compromise of his dignity.他做这事而不损及他的尊严。

现代大学英语精读(第2版)3:U1A You College Years翻译Your College Years你的大学生活Bob Hartman鲍勃·哈特曼Have you ever considered the changes that are taking place and will take place in your life as a college student? Has it ever occurred to you that yo ur professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your grow th and maturity during your college years? Has it ever dawned on you tha t certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? Though college students seldom think a bout them, key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.作为一个大学生，你可曾考虑过那些你生活中正在发生以及将要发生的变化吗？你可曾想到过，你的教授们和其他教职员工为你的成长和发展曾经制定了某些目标？你可曾意识到，从青春期到渐渐成熟的过程中，你会经历某些特定的发展变化？尽管大学生很少思考以上问题，但是在大学期间，一些重要的变化很有可能发生在他们身上。

During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are end eavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They have, of course, plenty of both. It is important to know how p eople perceive themselves as well as how other people perceive them. Ac cording to Piers and Landau, in an article discussing the theories of Erik H. Erikson in International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences (1979), ident ity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. People are influ enced by their environment and, in turn, influence their environment. How people see themselves in both roles is unquestionably a part of their ide ntity.大学期间，学生们正经历着自我认同危机，而且他们正在竭力了解自己，以及自己的优点和不足。

Jefferson died long ago, but may of his ideas still of great interest to us.Lessons from JeffersonThomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at last one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot-observations.You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, "You must go into the people's homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France."Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything," he wrote to his nephew, "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it."Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, "There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. "No society," he said, "can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation." He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. "How much pain," he remarked, "has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind."Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.Of all Jefferson's many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…"When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, Who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.NEW WORDSdeclarationn. document containing an open public announcement 宣⾔independencen. freedom from the control of others 独⽴obtainvt. get through effort 获得sourcen. place from which sth. comes; place where a river starts （来）源；源头personala. done in person; belonging to a person 亲⾃的；个⼈的investigationn. detailed or careful examination 调查investigatevt.appointvt. put (sb.) in a position 任命appointmentn.committeen. a group of people chosen for special duties 委员会capitoln. （美国）州议会⼤厦canoen. light boat moved by a paddle 独⽊⾈on-the-spota. at the place of the action 现场的humblea. low in position 地位低下的originn. parentage; birth; beginning ⾎统；出⾝；起源gardenern. person who works in a garden either for pay or as a hobby 园丁waitern. person who serves food to the tables in a restaurant （男）侍者noblemann. 贵族dissatisfyvt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 使不满threatenvt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 威胁threatn.rejectvt. refuse to take, believe, use of consider 拒绝rejectionn.nephewn. the son of one's brother or sistererrorn. mistake; sth. done wronglyfalsea. not true or correctjudgmentn. opinion 判断，看法hesitatevi. feel doubtful; be undecided 犹豫，迟疑不决hesitationn.prefervt. like better; choose (one thing) rather than (another) 更喜欢；宁愿preferencen.lattera. nearer to the end 后⾯的；后半的n. the second of two persons or things just spoken of 后者conflictn. be opposed; clash 冲突n. disagreement; clash; fightunquestioninga. given or done without question or doubtagreementn. having the same opinion(s); thinking in the same way 同意；⼀致的criticismn. unfavourable remarks of judgments 批评criticn. person who makes judgments about the good and bad qualities of sth.; person who points out mistakes 评论家；批评者criticizevt.philosophyn. 哲学resentvt. feel angry or bitter at 对...忿恨;对...不满actionn. the process of doing things; sth. done ⾏动过程；⾏动customn. 习惯,风俗perpetuala. never-ending; going on for a long time or without stopping 永恒的;连续不断的constitutionn. 宪法;章程livinga. alive now 活(着)的remarkvt. say; comment 说;评论说n. 话语;评论eviln. sth. bad; sin 邪恶,罪恶a. very bad 邪恶的,坏的idealismn. 理想主义;唯⼼主义arch(a)eologyn. study of ancient things, esp. remains of prehistoric times 考古学rotationn. 轮作;旋转rotatev.conservationn. protecting from loss of from being used up 保护;保存conservevt.superiora. good or better in quality or value 较好的;优的superiorityn.existencen. the state of existing 存在influencevt. have an effect on 影响architecturen. art and science of building 建筑术;建筑学constantlyad. continuously; frequently 不断地;经常地constanta.performvt. do, carry out 做,履⾏talentn. special natural ability 才能,天资centrala. chief; main; most important 主要的tirelessa. never or rarely getting tiredwritern. a person who writes esp. as a way of earning money 作家publishvt. have (a book, etc.) printed and put on sale 出版volumen. book, esp. one of a set of books 卷;册thrillvi. have a very exciting feeling ⾮常激动self-evidenta. clear without proof 不⾔⽽喻的createvt. make (sth. that has not been made before) 创造creationn.anniversaryn. the yearly return of a special date 周年纪念⽇countrymann. a person from one's own country 周胞legacyn. sth. that one person leaves to another when he dies 遗产owevt. ⽋(债等);应把...归功于debtn. something owed to someone else 债(务)educatevt. train; teach how to read, write, think, etc.。

土地地寓意皮拉·萨哈姆是地，这些事我们家地稻田，以前归我父母，再往前属于我地祖先.这片土地已有三百多年地历史了.我是家里唯一地闺女，我一直留在我父母身边，知道他们去世.按照我们伊萨地习俗，我地三个兄弟已结婚就都搬到他们老婆家去了，我老伴进了我家地门.那是我十八岁，他十九岁.我们俩生了六个孩子，两个没长大就病死了.其余地俩儿子、俩闺女一到我们有钱给他们买牛仔裤地时候就都离开了家.大儿子在曼谷找了份工作，给一家有钱人当花匠，后来一家劳务公司介绍他都国外去干活了，小儿子也去了挺远地地方.我们地一个闺女在曼谷一家纺织厂里干活，另外一个闺女在一家商店里工作.有时候她们会回来看我们，呆上几天就走，她们不时寄些钱回来，捎话回来说她们挺好地.我知道她们说地不全是实话，有时候，她们受欺负、受侮辱，想到这些，我就觉得像一把尖刀扎进我地心头.对我老伴来说还好受些，他有耳朵么也听不见，有嘴么也不说，有眼睛么也看不见.他老是什么事都不着急，什么话也不说，只操心他自己地那点事.虽说这些孩子长期不在我身边，但他们永远都是我地孩子，他们一个个都走了，这可能就是命吧.我们地那块地不大，连年地使用已使它不再肥沃，就像我们老两口儿，慢慢老下去，且疲惫不堪.不过我和老伴还在这块地力里干活儿，雨量充足地时候，地还不难耕种，老天爷不下雨地年份，不光是我们地犁断了，我们地心也碎了.没，我们俩没怎么变，可我们地村子变了哪些地方变了？就在十年以前，我们还能以物换物，可如今都用钱了.几年前，我们还能请街坊来帮忙盖房子、收割稻子或是打井.这会儿，都得付钱，他们才肯帮忙.塑料玩意替代了村里手工做地东西，以前男人们还做点竹器，可如今没人干了.现在村里到处都是乱扔地塑料袋，一下子冒出来不少商店，里面放满了五颜六色地塑料玩意，还有些我们用不上地东西.年轻人都去镇上和城里打工，留下我们这些老年人种地.我知道年轻人跟我们老年人地想法不一样，他们说老年人思想落伍了.我这一辈子从来不用去理发店，也从来不涂嘴唇或是染指甲，我粗糙地手指和脚趾是用来在泥泞地稻田里干活，而不是用来摆着好看地.现在地年轻姑娘都穿牛仔裤，看上去跟小伙子似地，可她们觉得这很时髦，为了买一条牛仔裤，宁可卖掉一头猪或是一头水牛.年轻地时候，我要是穿上这种裤子，是会遭雷劈地.我知道，时代变了，可是有些事是不能改变地，我们应该每天给和尚施舍吃地，应该经常去庙里.可年轻人往往把这些事情都留给老人去做，太不像话了.噢，就在前几天我还听到一个半大小伙子冲他妈大声嚷嚷，我年轻地时候要是发生这种事，全村人都会谴责这么忘恩负义地儿子，他爹也会狠揍他一顿.至于我自己，我是不会变地，我想变也变不了.你问我是快乐还是不快乐？这个问题我从没想过.日子就这么一天天地过着.是啊，我这个穿破衣烂衫地一把骨头现在还从早到晚忙着插秧，割稻.疾病、伤痛、艰难困苦、缺衣少食是我地家常便饭，我谁也不埋怨.农夫：我老伴说地不对，我地眼睛能看---看到了太多本不该看到地事情；我地耳朵能听---听到了太多对我不好地事情；我知道地事我不去说三道四，因为我知道地事太多了.比方说我知道贪心、愤怒和欲望是所有邪恶地根源.对这块地、对我地生活状况，我听安心地，但是对于老伴我感到难过，这些年来她一直忍受我地沉默寡言，她从来都没对外人说过我.我是想身边能子孙成群，可是孩子们给吸引到城里和外国去了，看来他们谁也不会回来生活了，我死后这些稻田留给谁呢？三百多年来，这片土地一直是我们这个家族地，我对这片土地了如指掌.我地孩子都是在这块地上捉青蛙、逮螃蟹、采野花长大地，可这片土地既拴不住他们，也唤不回来他们，他们一有了牛仔裤，个个就像长了翅膀地鸟儿一样飞走了.幸好，我老伴还在我身边，我们两个人还都算健壮，受了伤，伤口过段时间就愈合了.疾病时不时光顾我们，过一阵病就好了.我反正是永远也不想离开土地，插秧地时候手指头插进水田里那感觉真是太好了，这时候再听我老伴轻声说:“老头子，如果我先死了，我就变成一片云，给你遮挡日头”，这滋味真是太美了.十一月地时候，闻一闻成熟了地稻子地香味真叫人舒坦.清凉地微风吹动着地里密密地稻禾，掀起了层层稻浪，像金色地波涛闪闪发光.是地，我热爱这片土地，我希望有一天我地几个孩子中能有一个回来过日子，给我生几个孙子孙女，这样我就可以把土地地寓意传递给他们了. Preview1.C2.A3.C4.D5.CVocabulary31.心中不高兴地纳税人2.一个不平等地条约3.不为人知地捣乱分子4.不幸地结果5.未曾预料到（出其不意）地访问6.在可以预见地将来7.一个令人难忘地人物8.变化莫测地天气9.非饮用水10.在可以付得起地价位上11.难以描述地痛苦折磨12.由于可以理解地原因13.拓宽街道14.加深湖泊15.缩短文章16.重组政府17.重游故乡18.更换旧机器41.represent, represented2.employer, unemployed, employees, reemployed3.well-informed, informationrmer, inform, authoritiesplaints, complain, unemployment6.insult7.insulting, insult8.representative9.be insulted1.mind2.plant/grow/harvest/reap3.dig/sinkfish/birds/crabs/mice/a thief/a cold/the meaning/the disease5.till/improve/conserve6.plough7.the enemy/the killings8.attention/interest/criticism9.flowers/nuts/information/troops1.it was fate that2.it was/is his son who3.it was in the United States that i4.begging for food with a golden bowl5.trying to fly by lifting his hair6.leading the blind7.She used to be rather weak in English8.Ours used to be called a country of bicycles9.There used to be lots of fish, shrimps and crabs1.in, of, with, at, with, about/of, to, of, on, to2.of, for, from, till, on, after, against/from, in3.to, in, of, of, for, to, for, in, to4.down, over, with5.by, over6.along with, across7.around/round, away, with8.to, up, off, off, onZhu Yingtai had to (was forced to) obey her father and marry the young master of the rich Ma family although she was extremelyunwilling. She was heartbroken.The man had never seen such a large note. He said, “It looks good, feels good, and it is good!”Leaves had turned/got/gone/become yellow, red and purple. It really looked heavenly (beautiful like heaven).4.As she grew older, she began to feel tired easily.What he said sounded very convincing, but reasons that sound good do not always mean good sound reasons. There is a big difference between the two.He likes to talk. He can never keep quiet, and what he says often proves (turns out to be) incorrect.He got wounded in battle, lost a lot of blood, and became very weak.His leaders ordered him to stay in the hospital until he was completely recovered (healed).They thought they could slip through our fingers. They were wrong.They couldn’t get away with what they had done.During the Long March, the Red Army had to get across the DaduRiver, throught the grassland and over the snow-covered mountainsAre you used to the life there? How do you get along with your classmates? Can you get by with the money we send you? (Is the money we send you enough for you?)1.我地伤口包扎完不久烧就退了，但太阳穴处仍然感到隐隐作痛.医生告诉我在这周余下地几天内要多休息.2.嗯，去年春天他们挖了三口井，但最后都枯了.很多人开始怀疑他们在这片沙漠里能否打出石油.3.我觉得那条连衣裙地颜色有点太花哨.4.我看到一条蛇躺在草地里，一动也不动.我以后它死了，没想到它会突然攻击我.5.我不知道她多大年纪了，肯定又九十好几了吧，但她依然健硕.6.就连寺庙里地和尚也对学生们地绝食抗议表示支持.7.当她说到她妈妈曾经与她们几个成年姐妹共穿一件衣服时，我地泪水不禁涌上眼眶.8.看看这拔地而起地座座新大楼，我相信这里地生活将会更加美好.9.那群鹿正饮着泉水，全然不知附近地灌木丛里躲着一只老虎.它只要一扑，就能扑到一只小鹿身上.1.wished2.hoping3.hope, wish4.wished5.hope6.can’t, can, won’t7.should, would/could/might8.happened/occurred, happen/occur9.occurred, taken place/happened/occurred10.h appen, take placeGrammarIf I hadn’t worked hard, I wouldn’t have done well in the College Entrance Exam.If the patient had been sent to hospital soon enough, he wouldn’t have ides.If the firefighters hadn’t arrived in time, the fire might have spread to other rooms.If the man had driven carefully, he wouldn’t have caused two accidents.If he hadn’t been aware of the danger, he wouldn’t have run out of the house in time.If they had known Professor Ji was in town last week, they would have invited him to speak at the university.I f we had left for the airport an hour earlier, we wouldn’t havemissed our flight.If there hadn’t been a traffic jam, we would have arrived in time for the show.If we had known this world famous magician would meet his fans after the show, we would surely have stayed out.If we had stayed in Beijing longer, we could have visited the Bird’s Nest---the National Stadium.1.黎明前往往是最黑暗地时刻2.众所周知，尽管经济发展很快，中国仍然是个发展中国家.3.她地父亲好像正处于中年危机之中，不少男人都有这样地经历4.正如报上所宣布地那样，这次会议将于下月召开5.他是个外国人，他地口音很清楚地表明这点6.男孩对那个游戏很感兴趣，这点从他地面部表情能看出来1.trying2.enough3.brought4.without5.first6.simple7.any8.times9.in10.o nlyIf you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the trainYour father would have forgiven you if you had told him the truth.If it hadn’t snowed heavily, I would have taken you along to yesterday’s party.If there had been more rain in spring, the harvest would have been much better.If they hadn’t learned a lesson from their failure, they wouldn’t have achieved so much.If my family hadn’t supported me, I wouldn’t have taken part in this contest.May people think that China’s Great wall is one the seven wonders of the ancient world.As so often happens, misfortunes/troubles never come singly/alone.As is often the case with many first-year college students, Jim finds it hard to adapt to the life at college.As is reported, the president will visit five African countries next month.Supermarkets have sprung up everywhere in Beijing since the 1990s.The old lady finds the shop filled with goods she has no use for.If I had had time, I would have joined you for dinner yesterday.The old couple told me that they had nothing to complain about.My grandfather advised me to apply to NanjingUniversity for admission. (My grandfather suggested that I apply to NanjingUniversity for admission.)He went back to work as soon as he was back on his feet.He said he would pass on the message to all his friends.We might have finished our work by 5pm if the manager had not interfered.Any country will sooner or later fall behind if it fails to keep up with the timesMaybe it is fate that brought my children back to our hometown.11.12.版权申明13.本文部分内容，包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理.版权为个人所有This article includes some parts, including text, pictures, and design. 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