中英文文献翻译-ZLJ16摆臂式自装卸垃圾车

附录motor vehicles and the use of additional devicesSelf-loading vehicle arm (also known as hydraulic multi-energy vehicles and fighting for self-loading and unloading trucks) is characterized by separate cargo body fight with the implementation of a goods vehicle and a number of joint fighting operations, the cycle of transport, which can Self-loading dump containers, precast, machine equipment, bulk materials. The use of the car changed a number of operating the previous system under which the motor transport vehicle must be equipped with cranes or loaders, forklifts, loading and unloading as well as the need for workers in many ways, and saved the car and truck loading of the waiting time, increased turnover of motor vehicles and utilization, thus saving a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources to enhance economic efficiency.At present, the arm-type self-loading vehicle mainly used for mining of mineral aggregate loading, transport and dump, factory parts and rough handling and waste dumping, and construction waste from the handling, more clearance for the urban sanitation sector transportation of refuse. Arm as a result of self-loading cargo vehicles and body is separate from the fighting, using fixed-point garbage collection from time to time. Thus, in particular focal point for residents, as well as the market changes with the seasons the amount of waste sites. Dump it and refuse collection vehicles and forklift formula and flip-shaped seal trash dump trash garbage truck with a circular intake compared Yun, can effectively overcome the operation of the secondary dust and noise pollution.Arm-type truck with a low investment and low operating costs, maintenance and convenient, less noise, no secondary dust pollution, etc. Yang. The drawback is the size of the litter bucket, and can not be placed in the narrow streets, while in transit light foam filled refuse to take full advantage of easy self-loading vehicle arm, some cities have begun to establish a centralized garbage removal station, the use of small land transport equipment (such as human dump 3) refuse to focus on narrow streets inthe refuse collection points (floor), and then installed in self-loading arm dedicated junk car in the bucket, and then outward through the self-loading dump truck. It solved the problem of narrow streets could not place the issue of special garbage bucket. To address self-loading arm in the process of motor transport issues dusty materials, Special Purpose VehicleNanning has been designed and built two more effective anti-dust materials, additional devices and drivers can be manipulated to drive the entire operating room Process control device shaft. Are presented below.1, the activities of the vehicle hydraulic cargo canopyThis is to prevent the arm of a self-contained hopper car loading and unloading of materials from blowing out of the vehicle cargo canopy.The structure of the device as shown in Figure 1.Its working principle is: to promote the distribution of hydraulic valve joystick , hydraulic oil into the fuel tank on the cavity, the extended piston rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing in the tarp , under the canopy of the self and the main arm driven by its front-end articulated main arm , so that folding the sheeting under the lotus back then, under the support of opening up, in the cargo box form a closed top of the Ji Flip cover So that is not contained in the transportation field were filled. When the joystick struck the opposite side, the oil into the fuel tank of the cavity, the protruding rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing, in the sheeting , Peng-rod self-respect and the main arm Under the impetus of sheeting , Peng-rod and the main arm sequence neatly folded in boxes weeks before the edge, the canopy opened, is expected to facilitate loading and unloading cargo. The device structure is simple and easy to use, especially suitable for the shape of the size of cargo bucket inconsistent. Stacker hopper occasions too, such as good use of cover, fighting to prevent the material goods in the transportation out of dust.2, swing-wing self-loading automatic car coverThe new device structure as shown in Figure 2. When the arm-type self-loading vehicle operations, to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve stem so that the car swings arms back, when Hopper was slowly lifting, at the same time, as the arm and fixed in the frame side on the small pulley gradually widened the distance that the rope the role of the length of stretch, this time through the wire rope to pull pulley and shaft , with the shaft link a fixed rear cover.Then gradually open up. When the pendulum swing back to the largest angle(that is unloaded or loaded Doo Doo), the rear cover has also opened up to the maximum point of view, are not to affect the loading or unloading hopper. Action in the above-mentioned process, as a result of the front cover through the connecting arm empty set of fixed beams in the arm , so the former self-covered under the arm placed in the vertical with the ground manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted.Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of motor vehicles Therefore, the role of the former self-cover, the arm placed in the vertical with the ground before the front cover is always tight cover of the hopper. When the arm continues to swing back, the front cover self-lap, the left (on the icon in terms of) when shaft can not continue to lap, when the front cover with the arm before and after lifted up, placed in the largest arm angle, the front and back covers are lifted up, the shape of the wings to take off. At this point, you can do for fighting and has no effect on operations. When the manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of materials, dumping hopper to achieve perspective, the rear cover open up to the point of view of a considerable discharge does not affect operation. The front cover as a result of self-hood has always been tight right hopper Department, the work does not affect the discharge. The front cover is designed to sway with the weight and to reduce operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted. Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of vehicles attached devices, can effectively prevent materials from blowing out during transport, but their advantages and disadvantages. General self-loading arm in loading and unloading motor vehicles, the workers can only stand on the side of the body, handling agencies to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve, so that the arm raise hopper or hopper dumping of materials. This appeared in a lot of inconvenience.浅谈自装卸汽车及附加装置的运用摆臂式自装卸汽车(也叫液压多能车和可换斗式自装卸车)的特点是货斗与车体分开，实行一辆车和数个货斗联合作业，循环运输，即能自装自卸集装箱、预制构件、整机设备、散装物料等。

附录AZLJ16 arm type garbage truck from the loading and unloadingWith economic development, expanding cities, urban population growth, rapid increase inthe amount of municipal waste, its handling more and more attention. Municipal solid wastedisposal methods There are three forms: separation and recycling, incineration and landfill.Either approach, the final disposal sites need to be far away from urban areas. Garbage transfer vehicles on a day to play with thousands of tons of solid waste transported from the city away from the urban area ofwastedisposal plant of the taskZLJ16 arm type garbage from the transfer car is a car loading and unloading, container transport separate waste collection vehicles, mainly for medium and large municipal solid waste collection and transport, which is complete with municipal solid waste transfer equipment installed supporting the use of waste pressure products. Loose garbage installed by the pressure of compressed garbage, the volume greatly reduced, and then packing transport, can effectively improve the transfer efficiency.ZLJ arm type garbage truck from the loading and unloading from the vehicle chassis, handling systems, and trash from the three major components.1 ChassisSteyr 1491.280/043/6x4 using two types of truck chassis, repair and exchange of good performance. The maximum total level of road quality 3.2t, the maximum speed of 85km / h. According to user needs can choose other common chassis.2 Self-priming systemSince the loading and unloading system for loading along the telescopic arm, hydraulic drive, hydraulic system pressure is 32MPa. The use of hydraulic control proportional control (cab) and direct manipulation (outside the cab) two kinds of control methods. Self-handling system installed by the subframe on the car chassis beam. Since the handling system can be reversed with a scalable two boxes "L" shape, and telescopic boom lift cylinders and telescopic cylinders, the rear frame above the cylinder, Vice beam with a stable, to improve the whole vehicle longitudinal stability.The car handling system from the power take-way for transmission at the end to take power.3 garbage containersZLJ16 arm type garbage truck from the loading bin is configured with the "A" shaped frame to enhance a special garbage container. DIN standard size using the interface. Outside the box welded trapezoidal ribs. There are two bins lower welding according to DIN standard vertical rails and durable, and compatible rear wheel bearing on both sides can achieve a smooth effortless loading and unloading bins. Trash back with automatic and manual opening and closing of the lift arm door.ZLJ16 arm type garbage truck garbage from loading and unloading containers from the loading and unloading process is as follows:Lifting garbage containers, the first manipulation of telescopic cylinders, the telescopic arm stretched out to the "L" shaped hook telescopic arm just below the height of the rings garbage containers, the appropriate garbage container reverse hook to hook rings. Continue to manipulate the lift cylinder, the bottom of the garbage container guide rail into the rear wheel, the rotating around the guide rollers, so that full retraction of cylinder in place lifting Post, garbage container on the frame in the horizontal position. And then manipulate the telescopic cylinder, telescopic reach out to, will forward to the tray at the bottom of the container rails on the lock block hit the frame on the locking hook up. Then manipulate the stabilizer, its piston rod fully recovered. Thus the lifting operation is complete garbage container.Remove trash containers and hoisting operation sequence in reverse order.Self-loading vehicle ZLJ arm in addition to complete self-loading garbage containers and garbage dump, but also can be carried out within a certain range of the lifting operation. In addition to the car with the unique retractable telescopic cylinder, lift cylinder, lock cylinder in order to complete the action of loading and unloading containers and garbage dump operations, but also can implement other vehicles for rescue and self-help. The car handling system can be rated in the 40s to complete the loading or loading garbage container operations in the 60s in the rubbish bin rubbish dump clean.ZLJ arm type garbage truck from the loading and unloading using an advanced hydraulic system, hydraulic control proportional control, work stable and reliablemanipulation of effort, simple, micro-performance is good.附录BZLJ16摆臂式自装卸垃圾车随着经济的发展，城市规模不断扩大，城市人口不断快速增长，城市垃圾量急剧上升，其处理越来越受到重视。

本科学生毕业设计摆臂式垃圾车改装设计系部名称：汽车与交通工程学院专业班级：车辆工程 B07-2班二○一一年六月The Graduation Design for Bachelor's DegreeDesign of Dong Feng 140 Swinging ArmType Truc k摘要摆臂式垃圾车是装备有可回转的起重摆臂，车斗或集装垃圾悬吊在起重摆臂上,随起重摆臂回转、起落、实现垃圾自装自卸的专业自卸汽车。

发展摆臂式垃圾车具有节约资源,保护环境和减轻劳动强度等诸多优点。

目前，摆臂式垃圾车已经得到了广泛的应用，垃圾运输己经影响到我们生活的每一部分，对国民经济的发展有着重要的意义。

文中介绍了摆臂式垃圾车的改装设计说明。

对车厢、摆臂装置、副车架、液压系统和附属机构进行了设计，并对不同方案进行了比较分析，保证了摆臂式垃圾车的先进性及实用性。

叙述了在改装摆臂式垃圾车过程中容易出现的问题及相关专用设备的工作原理，并对整车性能进行了分析。

关键词：专用汽车；液压系统；垃圾运输；摆臂装置；附属机构ABSTRACTSwinging arm type truck is equipped with can turn around lifting swinging arm, the car fight or containers junk is suspensory on lifting swinging arm, with lifting swinging arm again, taking off and landing from the pack of MSW dump professional dump trucks.Development of swing arm garbage trucks with saving resources, protecting the environment and reduce labor intensity, and many other advantages. At present, swinging arm type truck has a wide range of applications, garbage transportation already affected every part of our lives for the development of national economy, has an important significance.This paper introduces the modification of swing arm garbage design explains. For car, swinging arm device, hydraulic system and affiliates carried on the detailed design, and the different schemes are compared and analyzed, and guarantee the swing arm advanced and practical roll-off garbage trucks. Describes the modification process of roll-off garbage trucks swing arm of the problems and related to the working principle of special equipment, and the vehicle performance is analyzed.Key words:Special Vehicle；Hydraulic system；Junk transportation；Swinging arm device；Subsidiary body目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 摆臂式垃圾车的目的和意义 (1)1.2 国内外现状及发展前景 (1)1.2.1 国内外发展现状 (1)1.2.2 摆臂式垃圾车的发展前景 (1)1.3 国外专用汽车产品的特点及其发展趋势 (2)1.3.1 国外专用汽车产品的特点 (2)1.3.2 国外专用汽车产品的现状及其发展趋势 (3)1.4 课题主要内容 (3)第2章方案设计分析与整车总布置 (5)2.1 方案设计与分析 (5)2.2 整车总布置 (5)2.2.1 车厢厢体布置及副车架外型尺寸的确定 (5)2.2.2 摆臂形式的选取与布置 (5)2.2.3 液压装置的布置 (5)2.3 二类底盘选型 (7)2.3.1 二类底盘初选 (7)2.3.2 二类底盘装载质量的初步校核 (7)2.4 本章小结 (8)第3章车厢装置及副车架设计计算 (9)3.1 车厢外形尺寸设计 (9)3.1.1 初步确定车厢尺寸及材料 (9)3.1.2 车厢的设计规范及尺寸确定 (9)3.2 副车架的设计 (9)3.2.1 副车架的截面形状及尺寸 (10)3.2.2 加强板的布置 (10)3.2.3 副车架前端形状及尺寸 (11)3.2.4 纵梁与横梁的连接设计 (13)3.3 本章小结 (15)第4章液压系统 (16)4.1 液压油缸的选择 (17)4.2 举升能力的校核 (17)4.2.1 初始位置状态的校核 (17)4.2.2 液压油缸举升状态的校核 (17)4.3 液压泵及控制阀的选择 (18)4.3.1 液压泵及流量确定 (19)4.3.2 液压原理及液压控制阀的确定 (20)4.4本章小结 (21)第5章摆臂的结构与设计计算 (22)5.1 吊装工况受力分析 (22)5.2倾卸时的受力分析 (23)5.3 本章小结 (24)第6章辅助系统设计 (24)6.1 取力机构的设计与选型 (24)6.2 液力马达的选型 (25)6.3 本章小结 (27)结论 (28)参考文献 (29)致谢 (30)附录 (31)第1章绪论1.1摆臂式垃圾车的目的和意义垃圾处理工作是城市建设和管理的重要内容，与人民生活密切相关。

cartridge, and electric control system of walking system, etc, with high dust collection range, the net absorption rate, no secondary dust suction, and outlet no dust emissions, high working efficiency, etc. Is the preferred product for sanitation clean and material recycling. Suitable for the industrial and mining enterprises that produce dust, high concentration and high density of dust and dust; The rapid cleaning and cleaning of urban elevated, fast roads and tunnels; Cleaning and cleaning of main street, high grade highway and highway.The dry cleaning car is introducedDry cleaning the car is a new type of road sweeper, not without a brush spray, all air assignments, by aerodynamics, by experts identified the domestic leading technology, and with independent intellectual property rights, development, and developed by luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD., the production of road jie brand series vacuum sweeper all airflow, brush, spray, without a dust, without secondary dust, road clean vacuuming the widespread use of car will greatly reduce the content of particulate matter in the air, thoroughly solved the problem of the dust pollution is serious, is a modernized new sanitation product environmental protection, energy saving, the environmental protection technical indexes of this product is higher than the national industry standard.Multi-function all-suction cleaning carMulti-functional total suction sweep road car is to use the patent technology development of new products, it has changed the past the traditional method for cleaning the car plate rolling brush brush sweep, but all adopt the airflow to finish the homework, using air movement mode to hoard dust and garbage collection, so the efficiency is very high. This product can reduce dust pollution effectively, improve air quality, reduce the amount of particulate matter in air, and improve people's living environment.Why do you need to use a sweeping carThe traditional answer: sweep the road to clean the floor, wash the floor to wash and dry all kinds of ground.The professional answer: the road car can not only solve the problem but also make more profit for the user.The sweeping car can solve the following problems:People live in a dusty environment with health problems;Environmental indicators required by state laws or local regulations;A problem caused by premature excess of the road due to dust or garbage;The product of the production workshop is contaminated by dust;The problem of dust pollution of fixed or moving machines in production workshops;The ability to bring greater profits (or savings) :The sweeping vacuuming system of sweeping cars is equivalent to about 6-40 times artificial;The level of 2, reduce dust pollution to the environment (to save time and money, reduce artificial cleaning of product appearance, cleaning and maintenance of mechanical equipment and periodic health work environment, etc.)Improve the efficiency of work and increase the motivation of the operator.A clean and tidy environment not only improves the image of the city, but also contributes to the construction of urban culture and the initiative of the citizens.The comparison between the mechanical and the manual1, work efficiency, the same homework area time is greatly shortened;The clean cost of the mechanical unit area is, to be sure, lower than the artificial cost. Clean effect, the machine can avoid the problem that the cleaner USES not average, the clean effect is not unified;4, safety performance, let clean workers in the safe environment (the traffic on the road is too much, and the safety of the self is not strong).Economic returns, for example, take a car for example, how much money it spent on the day it stopped using, the real price. In addition to the cost of investment, there are operational costs and labor costs.Sweep road car industry in China after decades of development, products from a single pure sweep type development to the present a variety of types, product performance and product quality rapidly improved, especially after the reform and opening up, by importing key purchased components to sweep road car product performance and reliability is greatly increased. But at present, the level of the road car in China is different from that of developed countries in other countries, especially in the reliability of the product. To improve the level of the sweep road car as soon as possible, reducing the gap with advanced countries sweep road car, meet the requirements of the sanitation department for road surface cleaning operation in our country, sweep road car production enterprise should choose an appropriate sweep road car research direction. With the development of the society, the progress, are no longer satisfied with the simple sense of vacuum sweeper, will from the perspectives of multifunctional, environmental protection, economy, to ask for more, call can satisfy the various needs of vacuuming car market. Is under such circumstances, the Chinese construction bureau of luoyang construction machinery factory and luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD. Jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights of new multifunctional suction all sweep road car is now officially put on the market. The new model can be a complete surface cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning and cleaning the sprinkling water on the ground after work and so on, is suitable for various climate and dry pavement cleaning operation, more suitable for square, roads, residential district, parking lot, wharf, airport, station, cement plants, power plants and other places clean dust removal.In order to avoid operation error, the control valve mainly distinguishes the main valve and the auxiliary valve. Then the two valve is, where is the main difference, the main valve driven by sweep road car chassis, vice valve power from the special function of the engine. The common engine of the road scavenging car has the north facing the wood, the jiangling, cummins. Main valve management chassis shell carriage tilt and carriages behind the back door of hydraulic pressure switch, the deputy valve management four brush to sweep road car (can be individually controlled one or all of the work) and suction cups.2, the engine's secondary engine is different from the engine, but the average speed is around 1500 to 18003, according to the needs of work, generally can choose whether to take water spray dustfunction, general configuration generally take after water spray, also need to pay attention to the clear water tank of water is enough, clear water tank volume, working time may have difference.4, the road sweepers electromagnetism multi-channel valve pressure adjustment is normally on the overflow valve, the user can adjust the pressure appropriately to change the speed of the sweeping brush.5, additional sweeper can choose according to the road vehicle whether brush to brush on the left and the right to work at the same time, such as sweeping the road corner is only open one side of the brush rotation work here in the corner6, the dustbin of the scavenging car may have small dust deposits, and manual processing is required to clean up the dustbin.7, the distance from the sweeping car to the ground should be adjusted according to the condition of the road.The scavenging tube may often have dirt and mud, and it will need to be cleaned up regularly for better results.9, control the electrical parts of the box in order to use a more stable need to replace a piece.10, the sanitation worker should regularly check whether the functional areas are normalIn order to avoid the effects of foreign bodies in hydraulic oil on the normal operation of the electromagnetic control valves, the sanitation workers should check the hydraulic oil regularly.12, it is normal to check the limit device of the clutch power push rod of the engine.13, the time interval should be five seconds when the floor is converted14, when a hydraulic part of a road sweeper is not working properly, check the oil circuit before checking the circuit.(1) the reason that the circuit is partially abnormal may be: insurance disconnection, line connection looseness, line break(2) there may be reasons for the abnormal flow of oil: the oil pump failure, the breakdown of the tubing, the leakage of oil from the oil circuit, and the failure of the solenoid valve. Cleaning workOpen the control box and point the control valve to the secondary valve position2 start vice machine3 the clutch control button points to the closed position, and the fan starts to work4 point the dust box control knob to the descending positionThe left sweep or right sweep control button points to the descending position6 turn the left sweep or right sweep the control knob to the positive position (left pan clockwise, right hand counterclockwise)The left spray, the right water spray, and the rear water control knob point to the open positionSet the pump control button to the open positionThe car moves at the right speed and begins to sweepCleaning the endThe car stopped runningControl the pump control button, left spray control button, right water control button, and rear water jet control knob point to close position3 will sweep the control button to the middle position4 move the dial to the position of the liter and then point to the middle positionPoint the dust box to the top and point to the middle positionPoint the clutch to the position of the point, and then point to the middle position7 control the control key point to the middle positionClose the secondary engineTurn off the power of the control boxWaste dischargedOpen the control box and point the control knob to the main valve position2 start the main engine of the vehicleStep 3 on the clutchTurn on the oil pump clutch switch.Release the clutch at the appropriate speed6 position the back door control knob on the control box to point to the open position, and then point to the middle position in 5 secondsThe control button is pointed at the Angle of the carriage, and the control key points to the middle position at any time8 garbage cleaningWhen the garbage is cleared, the control button is pointed to the lower position, and the control button points to the middle position after the carriage returnSet the back door to the center of the lock, and then point to the middle position 10 seconds laterClean up the garbageStep on the clutch13 attach the additional pump clutch control button (inward push)Release the clutch at the appropriate speedThe control valve of the control box points to the middle positionTurn off the control boxBest environment for the type of scavenging carWet sweeping road, highway, road surface areaNo brush dry sweep road, highway, north cold outdoor workThere is a brush dry sweeping car, which is not normal, and it is the same as wet .道路清扫车是集路面清扫、垃圾回收和运输为一体的新型高效清扫设备。

自装卸式垃圾车的设计作者：金昌林来源：《专用汽车》 2018年第1期摘要：以某自装卸式垃圾实车与3D设计模型为例，介绍了自装卸式垃圾车的设计过程，主要对垃圾车箱体结构、举升卸料机构、推板结构、后门结构、提升机构结构的设计，以及在不同用途车辆上的配置和应用进行了论述和探讨。

关键词：自装卸式垃圾车挂桶提升机构油缸中置油缸自动锁紧装置中图分类号：U469.6+91.02 文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-0226(2018)01-0080-041前言自装卸式垃圾车俗称挂桶垃圾车，是一种收集桶装垃圾，再将其送往垃圾处理站的垃圾收集、转运专用车辆。

这类车辆均布置了挂桶提升机构，通过提升机构完成垃圾桶的定位、夹紧、提升、翻转、降落和松开等收集桶装垃圾的步骤。

挂桶垃圾车按其运输介质和使用场所的不同可分为普通挂桶垃圾车（生活垃圾）、餐厨垃圾车（泔水）、侧装压缩式垃圾车（用推板压缩生活垃圾）、压缩式对接垃圾车（与垃圾站对接、运输压缩垃圾块）；按箱体结构不同，可分为前端向内凹进式箱体、侧面平齐式箱体、圆形罐体、垃圾站对接式箱体：按后门的开启和锁紧方式不同，可分为快速夹钳锁紧、自动锁紧（举升时自动松开，降落时自动锁紧）、通过油缸推动后门翻转支座的平移实现后门的松开开启和关闭锁紧、通过油缸推动滑块实现后门的松开开启和关闭锁紧；按卸料方式不同，可分为中置油缸箱体举升卸料、半推板式加中置油缸举升卸料、全推板式卸料：按提升机构的结构不同，可分为链条式提升机构、拉杆式提升机构。

下面针对车辆不同功能和结构，分别介绍在设计过程中应重点注意的各不同结构之间的搭配，以及特殊功能情况下的细节设计。

2箱体前端向内凹进的自装卸式垃圾车这类箱体前端向内凹进的自装卸式垃圾车截面多采用矩形或八角形结构，在箱体凹进部分布置挂桶提升机构。

通常采用链条式提升机构，顶部投料口没有盖，如图1所示，特殊情况下也可布置拉杆式提升机构，如图2所示。

这类垃圾车多用于生活垃圾的收集、转运，不适于运输泔水，其后门下半部分用普通密封条密封，投料口处不布置密封条。

附录附录A英文科技文献Disassembly Automotive OverviewCar shortly after the invention of the automobile repair and then had the industry. In order to convenient maintenance，with jack lifting machine maintenance tools to appear. The early simple columnar foundation type hydraulic lifting machine，is greatly raised than it was still early jack and the function of the test bench，this early lifting machine can rotate function in lifting the car later，rotating 360 °. Maybe you often go to a car maintenance，now still use the lift machine to provide daily vehicle maintenance service，this kind of lifting machine has largely work for 75 years.Along with the development of the car industry，simple columnar type elevator machine design，the limitation of shows up soon. If only in car around for testing maintenance work of words，the lifting machine will be enough，but this lifting machine and the central pillar of the hoist boom would hamper into the bottom of the car most area. For simple columnar type elevator machine of these limitations，engineers have put forward a lot of lifting machine design scheme and a lot of improvement work. Now，lifting machine selection scope of great，have foundation type，spots，cut the type，type of parallel four edges form，portable，simple columnar type，double column type，four-column type，driving type，contact the car battery，symmetric，the symmetric，small trip，big lift，queue，and other various type of lifting machine design. Some lifting machine may also.In the market can see different types of different size，lifting machine，there are some particularly suitable for engaged in special type of maintenance work，there are a few lifting machine for some other maintenance work.Double column spots car battery lifting machine is contact a widespread adoption of lifting machine，in recent years all new sales lifting machine，at least two-thirds are this type. This design is very popular，there are several reasons: one is the lifting machine installation quick，do not need a wide range of excavation，also do not need to enterprise's whole layout some permanent changes. 2 it is the diversity of function，a double column spots car battery lifting machine with almost all can be used for the car maintenance work.The lifting of the machine and contact the layout of cantilever pad，making maintenance technician can easily into the bottom of the car，the car in operation and maintenance. Therefore，almost all major lifting machine manufacturers to at least one type of production double column spots type elevator machine.In recent years，I had a booming industry，especially the car industry，DuoNian to cars into the ordinary families dream has become a reality. Vehicle repair industry has got to develop，all kinds of maintenance equipment needs rapid expansion. Auto lift machine is necessary maintenance，is also the most important maintenance machinery.Auto lift machine is the role of the need of repair car level to the appropriate height，so that maintenance workers in car chassis of automobile maintenance. Below Auto lift machine such as mentioned above，the main divided into pillar type and shear type two kinds，no matter which kind of，the demand from both sides to car level synchronization up，and can't happen migration. And car chassis below must be empty. To facilitate the maintenance workers homework. This requires auto lift machine lifting device must be on both sides of the separation of both sides，and rise or fall must be synchronous. Because of the weight of the car generally very big，and lift for special smoothly，so auto lift machine typically use the hydraulic drive system. Besides the requirement from a certain range from cars both sides synchronous lifting the decline and car，also requires its can make cars at any height to stop and to keep still，so that different height of the workers in maintenance，at different location can adjust height，the most convenient for repair，so hydraulic system must have positioning keep function. In addition for car weight is very big，once hydraulic system failure，lifting machine for arm in car the force of gravity will decline rapidly to pull off the maintenance workers may be the life security threats，lifting the car on and broke the danger. So in order to prevent this happens，lifting machine must have mechanical locking devices，mechanical locks were installed in by lifting cylinder piston rod and the top and lifting arm connected pin shaft on the two root jagged rack，installation of the oil cylinder to the outside of the rack is stationary. And can the pin shaft do certain Angle，to the swing of the separation of the two root rack and mesh. When lifting arm in positioning state or hydraulic system failure，hydraulic below a certain value，dynamic rack will of its own gravity and spring under the action of forces and still rack meshing，mechanical locked，increased the lifting the security of the machine.Nearly 20 years the world lifting machine industry has changed greatly. RT (off-road tires lifting machine) and AT the whole earth to lifting machine () of the rapid development of products，broke original product and market structure，economic development and market in the fierce competition in the world，the impact of lifting machine market further integration trend. At present the lifting machine years sales has the world around us $7.5 billion. The main producers for the United States，Japan，Germany，France，Italy，etc，the world's top companies have more than 10 factories，mainly concentrated in the North America，Japan (Asia) and Europe.The United States is lifting machine main producer countries，it is one of the largest in the world market. But because Japan，Germany lifting machine rapid development of industry and RT and AT the rise of American manufacturers，products have in the s to 70 s，the world leading position in the field of possession is gradually weakened，so as to form the United States，Japan and Germany tripartite balance of power. In recent years the United States economy picks up，market，foreign manufacturers are active to participate in the competition. The strength of the American manufacturers also improved，TeLeiKeSi elevator company that is the rise of examples. TeLeiKeSi elevator company predecessor is the colin lifting depots. Since 1995，through a series of the merger activity，has become one of the world's top companies.Japan from the 1970 s become lifting machine production country，product quality and quantity improve soon，have been exported to European and American markets，annual production ranked first in the world. Since 1992，due to the yen's appreciation，domestic infrastructure investment dropped and the Asian financial crisis，the annual output to drop. At present，the market demand for years for 3000 units or so.Europe is a large market potential，European industrial nations lifting machine is the exporter，but also the important importer. Germany is the largest European market，followed by Britain，France，Italy and other countries. In Germany AT products market share，liebherr accounted for 53%，16%，DE lafugelufu horse) 14%，many fields and TeLeiKeSi each account for 10% and 5%.Lifting machine manufacture the wind of the combined with the auto industry is very similar，in the car industry，general motors，ford，BMW，Mercedes，Renault，public companies are on the way to unite，the two industries has been one of the world market. In the world to mature market for market share and maintain growth，shortcut is tobuy rival，the long-term goal is to win the world market dominance. In the elevator industry，in a sense，into the world market means that into North America，Japan (Asia) and Europe market.附录B 文献翻译拆装小车概述汽车发明后不久便有了汽车维修的行业。

中英文资料对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Dump TruckDump Truck mainly refers to the delivery of goods unloaded the car and there is dumping the car, also known as Dump Trucks.Dump Truck is characterized by its compartment can be tilted a certain angle, so that unloading the goods inside. Tilting train is a Dump Truck engine power, through the dumping of bodies to complete.Dump Truck from the early 20th century there has been continuous development and perfection, has become the main vehicle of transport of goods. Dump Truck unloading a high degree of mobility and mechanization a bit, usually with shovel loaders, excavators, or belt conveyors and other ancillary use to achieve loading and unloading mechanization, which can greatly shorten the handling time and improve transport efficiency and save labor, reduce labor strength. As the car manufacturing industry, Dump Truck continued introduction of new materials, new technology, improve the quality of the utilization factor, with great speed range and high transmission efficiency, control and manipulation of better and more convenient.First, the status of technology development at home and abroad1. HumanizationFurther improve vehicle safety, vehicle safety, including performance, braking performance is further enhanced convenience and driver control, comfort is the car at home and abroad reflect the requirements of human development, which is reflected in the body, chassis and other aspects .(1)Suspension SystemForeign high-end Dump Truck, such as SCANIA, VOLVO, etc., air suspension with automatic adjustment, and basic domestic or leaf spring, a better use of the rubber suspension.(2)Transmission SystemMain Foreign is automatic transmission. China mainly with manual gearbox, there are some manufacturers began to try to configure the chassis automatic transmission.(3)Braking SystemsElectric control system mainly foreign (ECBS) and air disc brakes and ABS electronic control system installed. China mainly uses drum brakes, ABS, electronic brake system installed in the smaller, but also began developing the disc brake manufacturers.(4)Body SystemsDump Truck body of domestic comfort than the gap in Europe is still a great car.But high-end cab, driving and ride comfort has been greatly improved than before.2. SpecializationExclusive of foreign Dump Truck classification is increasingly apparent. In addition to general engineering of Dump Truck, but also according to the needs and purposes century, the development of a dedicated is Dump Truck.(1)Road salt cleaning truckOf snow, snow days will be transported to the road salt, snow on the road sweeping, snow spraying of salt.(2) Class of fluid transport truck pollutionAchieve pollution class fluid collection, transportation and dumping, can better protect the vehicle chassis, suitable for road paving and construction of the gravelmaterial transport.China Dump Truck of professional classification is not very clear that the Dump Truck currently mainly used in construction, mining, coal transportation, and its degree of specialization than the foreign classification there a larger gap.3. Structure OptimizationEuropean high-strength steel materials often used Dump Truck or a U-shaped carriage frame structure, the advantages are: light weight, great load, more payload can be loaded indirectly increase the loading efficiency; reduce fuel consumption, low center of gravity, good stability , lifting more goods at the time the play, easy todischarge; integral bearing, no or only a few ribs, a small amount of welding; more modern design, the outer surface of a large flat, easy to paste advertisements, or other patterns. Europe is very special car made extensive use of plastic toolbox fender cover.Plastic material has certain of toughness, resistance to low temperature and impactresistance, easy to rattle, and light weight, attractive appearance, lightweight is process in playing an important role.There are also a part of the manufacturers of high technical level, through changes in the structure reduces weight and do not reduce the cars performance, the main frame is the use of the car structure.For cost and processing considerations, the domestic truck still ordinary steel, steel plate as the main material.4. Environmental protectionAs the world's growing environmental protection, national environmental protection requirements on the vehicles are more stringent. Dump Truck load of goods sealing requirements increasing.Automotive engine technology represents a country's industrial level. Developed countries in Europe to Euro V vehicle emissions standards, and requirements of the domestic truck is currently the country Ⅲstandard, domestic and foreign well as very large gap, and reduce vehicle emissions of key technologies are only few the hands of countries, China still has great technical follow up and development process. Further enhance the environmental protection requirements, sealing requirements of the Dump Truck also mentioned the agenda, both at home and abroad using a variety of methods to prevent the Dump Truck's cargo spilled. Dump Truck in the professional classification abroad also help protect the environment, such as pollution category of fluid transport development and use of Dump Truck, but most major blessing Oh compartment sealed by a Dump Truck's way. Dump Truck of the closures are mainly two: one for soft tarpaulin cover and a metal hard cover. Therefore, foreign vehicles generally do not overload, the basic goods does not exceed the car along. The Dump Truck is the domestic have both, the majority of urban environmental requirements of the high metal cover, seal better, but the cost is high; environmental requirements of the majority of the lower soft cover, seal less, but the cost is low.Second, the main structure and functionDump Truck chassis and coat by the two major components, two types of chassis they use a stereotypical car chassis. Dump Truck as a shorter wheelbase than the average, the prices require higher strength and stiffness, so characteristic for the Dump Truck, Dump Truck chassis are often designed to be specific. Tipper tops, including cars, subframe, hydraulic lift dump bodies, electrical are systems.Dump Truck lifting mechanism is the core of the Dump Truck judge the merits of the primary indicators.Lifting mechanism of the type currently common are: F-type lifting mechanism to enlarge tripod, T-style tripod zoom lifting mechanism, lift cylinder, front roof lift and double roll.Dump Truck engine, chassis and cab of the truck are the same structure and general.Points after Dump Truck of the car to rollover and side tipping two, by manipulating the system control rod movement, the more common after the tipping, tipping push rod to make car, a small number of two-way is tipping.Distribution of high-pressure oil through the valve, tubing into the lift cylinder, front-end with the cab car is safety board.The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, hydraulic tipping body compartments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other components.Hydraulic tipping body is compartments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other components.The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, distribution valves for high pressure oil through the tubing into the lifting cylinder, push rod to make car rollover. More common after the rollover, by manipulating the system control rod movement, can stop the train tilted in any desired position. Compartments use of their owner gravity and hydraulic control reset.Tripod enlarge Lifting Mechanism is currently the most widely used way of lifting for 8 to 40 tons of load compartment length of 4.4 to 6 meters. Structural advantages of mature, stable lifting and low cost; drawback to the main frame on the floor inside is the closed height of the larger plane.Most of lift cylinder form of Dump Truck used in the 6X4 on the bridge in front of each side of the second installation of a multi-cylinder (generally 3 to 4), the hydraulic cylinder directly on the pivot point on the compartment floor. Twin advantages of lifting the main frame for the compartment floor and a high degree of closure on the smaller plane; disadvantage is that the hydraulic system is difficult to ensure synchronization of two hydraulic cylinders and held steady and poor students, the overall stiffness of the cars require a higher floor.Way before the top lift of simple structure, with the main frame on the floor inside the closed surface height can be very small, vehicle stability, low pressure hydraulic system, but the first big trip at the most-cylinder, high cost.Double roll force cylinders good, travel less, achieve double roll; but more complex hydraulic piping, give students a higher incidence of rollover accidents.Dump Truck with the development and improvement of domestic purchasing power, Dump Truck is not in the traditional sense of what life can be dry universal truck, from the design point of view but also according to different goods, different conditions, different is regions developed different products. This requires the user to purchase vehicles to the manufacturer for specific use.1.ChassisIn the choice of chassis, generally is based on economic benefits to consider, such as: the price of the chassis, loading quality, overload capacity, fuel consumption per hundred kilometers, road maintenance and so on. In addition, the user must also consider the chassis of the following parameters:①H eight of the chassis frame on the plane. General 6x4 chassis frame height of the upper surface of 1050 to 1200. The higher the number the greater the vehicle center of gravity, the more easily cause an overturn. The main factors affecting the value of the tire diameter, suspension layout and the main frame is cross-section height.②Chassis rear overhang. The number of Dump Trucks moves through the General Assembly, growth stability, gives students a rollover accident caused. This value is generally between 500-1100 (except Dump Truck roll).③Vehicle matching rational use and reliable.2.UploadCurrently converted Dump Truck manufacturers was mixed, select the Dump Truck manufacturers over the selection of choice products are equally important. In addition to looking products, but also understand the capabilities of equipment manufacturers, Dump Truck tops the design, technology and equipment is mature, service commitments, it can buy other accessories.Third, the lifting mechanism of choice:1. Recommended to choose a tripod for general use zoom-type Dump Truck lifting mechanism, the structure in China has a 40-year history, technology is relatively mature, suitable for carriage 4 to 6 meters in length Dump Truck.2. Reasonable arrangement, the parts Shouli Bu exceed the capacity of components, system hydraulic smaller, in order to ensure the seal life.3. The choice of quality hydraulic cylinders. Lifting hydraulic cylinder is the power unit, try to choose a quality assurance products, such as: blue post card hydraulic cylinder, the manufacturers promised lifetime warranty.4. Compartment of the truck longer than 6 meters generally used inmulti-cylinder front-top lifting structure.5. Cylinder lifting structure is generally used with a wheelbase of the truck 3 to 4meters.Fourth, selection issues to the attention of1. Transport large items must be selected inside the bucket.2. Car is longer than 5.4 meters to pay special attention when the cars center ofgravity and lifting stability.3. Can not be transported by special vehicles to transport coal earth. Private carcoal train general height of 1.6 ~ 1.9 m, length how the design of these vehicles is based on light goods (weight less than 1.2) to consider, for transporting earth and stone lifting may have poor stability, which seriously may lead to lifting a rollover accident.4. Do not use the bucket car transporting silt, clay and other sticky goods, thestructure of the bucket carriage of goods more difficult to remove the sticky.5. Transport iron ore in the Dump Truck manufacturers to keep up when thestatement selection, selection of the best choice for iron ore carrier.6. For the transportation of asphalt paving, the lifting mechanism requires slowdown device.Fifth, use and maintenance of Dump TruckHow several common errors:1. Engine running, take power in the "on", lift the handle in the "lift" and Menglift the clutch. Since leaving the sudden engagement PTO, oil pump and oil pump drive shaft causes a lot of impact load, could easily lead to early damage (usually occurred as the oil pump drive shaft damage.) High-speed operation in the engine compartment fully loaded, cold winter with high viscosity hydraulic oil under even more prominent.2. In the middle of a sudden the elevator full of lifting the handle into the "down position", when the car was not touched down, but suddenly rushed down, this will bring great impact frame, and even accidents. Although the single-acting hydraulic cylinder piston set a throttling device to ensure that the decline in the car before the end of the throttling effect have landed on the car speed is automatically slowed down, but the cars full effect has been obvious, therefore, should try to avoid these operations, If special circumstances must also be careful, try to slow down the landing speed, do not suddenly have to avoid the car off in the end.3. Xiewan goods, do not forget to disengage the power take off, or disengage the power take off will be driving, so the car is moving, due to take power in the "engagement" position, the lift pump in the "small cycles" state No load speed for a long time operation. The so-called "small cycles" when running the oil pump oil pump hydraulic oil only in the high and low voltage circuit between the loop. In this case the hydraulic oil temperature rises quickly, easily lead to damage to pump seals, or even pump "burned" phenomenon; Also in the high-speed driving, the oil pump drive shaft will also result in high centrifugal force early damage. More seriously, the operation means that the hydraulic pump system has a power source, the driving process will occur for various reasons, the rising car auto accident. Therefore, in the unloaded vehicle, you must promptly confirm the power take disengaged and then the vehicle has been disengaged.4. By Meng mention car - brake suddenly unloading. Meng mentioned as the inertial force of a great car (usually the rated lifting force of 5 to 20 times), can easily cause permanent deformation of the frame, open frame car and pay for welding, burning or destruction of oil pump seal, hydraulic cylinders and other damage damage , reduces the life of the vehicle, serious rollover accidents also occur. Therefore, when lifting the general ban truck traffic.5. Driving power take off in the "ON" position: If "on" state (red light), the pump will continue to rotate, there is power source of the hydraulic system, which would control valve because the gas control misoperation caused by cars on the auto-lifting; time distribution of air control valve even in the "down" position, the oil should enter the pump, it would pump burned out.6. Moving to lift the handle placed in the "stop" position: At this point the hydraulic system in a closed state, the impact of the ground while driving throughthe lifting mechanism can be passed to cars , some connected parts are easily damaged. So when driving down the handles is put some "down" position.7. In a great venue for cross slope of discharge: trunk askew when lifting, car flip axis may produce permanent deformation may occur more serious when it overturned.8. Goods have not been fully discharged when the use of safety rod may result in accidents, the safety pole inspection and maintenance is only used for carriages.自卸汽车自卸汽车是指以运送货物为主且有倾卸货厢的汽车，又称翻斗车。

附录motor vehicles and the use of additional devicesSelf-loading vehicle arm (also known as hydraulic multi-energy vehicles and fighting for self-loading and unloading trucks) is characterized by separate cargo body fight with the implementation of a goods vehicle and a number of joint fighting operations, the cycle of transport, which can Self-loading dump containers, precast, machine equipment, bulk materials. The use of the car changed a number of operating the previous system under which the motor transport vehicle must be equipped with cranes or loaders, forklifts, loading and unloading as well as the need for workers in many ways, and saved the car and truck loading of the waiting time, increased turnover of motor vehicles and utilization, thus saving a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources to enhance economic efficiency.At present, the arm-type self-loading vehicle mainly used for mining of mineral aggregate loading, transport and dump, factory parts and rough handling and waste dumping, and construction waste from the handling, more clearance for the urban sanitation sector transportation of refuse. Arm as a result of self-loading cargo vehicles and body is separate from the fighting, using fixed-point garbage collection from time to time. Thus, in particular focal point for residents, as well as the market changes with the seasons the amount of waste sites. Dump it and refuse collection vehicles and forklift formula and flip-shaped seal trash dump trash garbage truck with a circular intake compared Yun, can effectively overcome the operation of the secondary dust and noise pollution.Arm-type truck with a low investment and low operating costs, maintenance and convenient, less noise, no secondary dust pollution, etc. Yang. The drawback is the size of the litter bucket, and can not be placed in the narrow streets, while in transit light foam filled refuse to take full advantage of easy self-loading vehicle arm, some cities have begun to establish a centralized garbage removal station, the use of small land transport equipment (such as human dump 3) refuse to focus on narrow streets inthe refuse collection points (floor), and then installed in self-loading arm dedicated junk car in the bucket, and then outward through the self-loading dump truck. It solved the problem of narrow streets could not place the issue of special garbage bucket. To address self-loading arm in the process of motor transport issues dusty materials, Special Purpose VehicleNanning has been designed and built two more effective anti-dust materials, additional devices and drivers can be manipulated to drive the entire operating room Process control device shaft. Are presented below.1, the activities of the vehicle hydraulic cargo canopyThis is to prevent the arm of a self-contained hopper car loading and unloading of materials from blowing out of the vehicle cargo canopy.The structure of the device as shown in Figure 1.Its working principle is: to promote the distribution of hydraulic valve joystick , hydraulic oil into the fuel tank on the cavity, the extended piston rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing in the tarp , under the canopy of the self and the main arm driven by its front-end articulated main arm , so that folding the sheeting under the lotus back then, under the support of opening up, in the cargo box form a closed top of the Ji Flip cover So that is not contained in the transportation field were filled. When the joystick struck the opposite side, the oil into the fuel tank of the cavity, the protruding rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing, in the sheeting , Peng-rod self-respect and the main arm Under the impetus of sheeting , Peng-rod and the main arm sequence neatly folded in boxes weeks before the edge, the canopy opened, is expected to facilitate loading and unloading cargo. The device structure is simple and easy to use, especially suitable for the shape of the size of cargo bucket inconsistent. Stacker hopper occasions too, such as good use of cover, fighting to prevent the material goods in the transportation out of dust.2, swing-wing self-loading automatic car coverThe new device structure as shown in Figure 2. When the arm-type self-loading vehicle operations, to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve stem so that the car swings arms back, when Hopper was slowly lifting, at the same time, as the arm and fixed in the frame side on the small pulley gradually widened the distance that the rope the role of the length of stretch, this time through the wire rope to pull pulley and shaft , with the shaft link a fixed rear cover.Then gradually open up. When the pendulum swing back to the largest angle(that is unloaded or loaded Doo Doo), the rear cover has also opened up to the maximum point of view, are not to affect the loading or unloading hopper. Action in the above-mentioned process, as a result of the front cover through the connecting arm empty set of fixed beams in the arm , so the former self-covered under the arm placed in the vertical with the ground manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted.Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of motor vehicles Therefore, the role of the former self-cover, the arm placed in the vertical with the ground before the front cover is always tight cover of the hopper. When the arm continues to swing back, the front cover self-lap, the left (on the icon in terms of) when shaft can not continue to lap, when the front cover with the arm before and after lifted up, placed in the largest arm angle, the front and back covers are lifted up, the shape of the wings to take off. At this point, you can do for fighting and has no effect on operations. When the manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of materials, dumping hopper to achieve perspective, the rear cover open up to the point of view of a considerable discharge does not affect operation. The front cover as a result of self-hood has always been tight right hopper Department, the work does not affect the discharge. The front cover is designed to sway with the weight and to reduce operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted. Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of vehicles attached devices, can effectively prevent materials from blowing out during transport, but their advantages and disadvantages. General self-loading arm in loading and unloading motor vehicles, the workers can only stand on the side of the body, handling agencies to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve, so that the arm raise hopper or hopper dumping of materials. This appeared in a lot of inconvenience.浅谈自装卸汽车及附加装置的运用摆臂式自装卸汽车(也叫液压多能车和可换斗式自装卸车)的特点是货斗与车体分开，实行一辆车和数个货斗联合作业，循环运输，即能自装自卸集装箱、预制构件、整机设备、散装物料等。