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转自: 专筑网 ARCHITECTURAL MODEL 建筑模型—从概念到演示1.2
模型：既是一种交流工具，也是设计概念开发的一种方式。
建筑的发展历史和模型制作共同经历了丰富多彩的发展历史，这并不是偶然，因为模型在建筑设计中所起到的作用是无法替代的。
没有模型的帮助，我们无法想象建筑师和委托方可以成功的、快速而有效的理解设计的本质目的.
此外，最重要的模型常常引发我们对事物的深刻思考。
我们常常通过模型的制作
和评估过程不断改善我们的设计方案.本透过精选全球优秀事务所的模型设计包揽了几乎所有重要事务所的最重要的建筑模型，将会极大的启发建筑设计师、模型设计师。
本必将成为建筑事务所必备的工具。
architectural paradigm 建筑范式Architectural paradigm refers to the fundamental principles and beliefs that guide the design and construction of buildings. It encompasses the underlying concepts, styles, and techniques that shape the overall architectural vision of a structure. In essence, architectural paradigm sets the framework for how buildings are conceived, planned, and executed.One of the key aspects of architectural paradigm is the notion of form following function. This principle, popularized by the renowned architect Louis Sullivan, emphasizes the idea that the design of a building should be dictated by its intended purpose. In other words, the function of a building should inform its form, ensuring that the design is not only aesthetically pleasing but also practical and efficient.Another important element of architectural paradigm is the concept of contextualism. This approach emphasizes the importance of considering the cultural, historical, and environmental context in which a building is situated. By taking into account the surrounding context, architects can create structures that harmonize with their surroundings and contribute to the overall sense of place.Architectural paradigm also encompasses the use of innovative materials and technologies. As new materials and technologies become available, architects have the opportunity to push the boundaries of design and construction. From the use of sustainable materials to the incorporation of cutting-edge building techniques, the architectural paradigm is constantly evolving to embrace new possibilities and challenges.Furthermore, architectural paradigm plays a crucial role in shaping the aesthetic qualities of a building. Whether drawing inspiration from classical architecture, modernist design principles, or futuristic visions, the architectural paradigm sets the tone for the visual language of a structure. By defining the overall style, proportions, and details of a building, the architectural paradigm helps to create a cohesive and harmonious design.In conclusion, architectural paradigm is a multifaceted concept that encompasses the fundamental principles, styles, and techniques that guide the design and construction of buildings. By incorporating elements such as form following function, contextualism, innovation, and aesthetics, architects are able to create structures that not only meet the needs of their users but also contribute to the built environment in meaningful and lasting ways. As the architectural paradigm continues to evolve, architects will be challenged to push the boundaries of design and construction, creating buildings that are not only functional and efficient but also beautiful and inspiring.。
关于仿生建筑的例子双语1.In Order To Enlighten The Architectural Creation，As Well As To Satisfy The Sustainable Development And The Ecological Equivalence For The City Environment，The Bionic Architecture Is An Important Ecology And Social Ecosystem With The Architectural Technique.建筑仿生学是根据自然生态与社会生态规律，并结合建筑科学技术特点而进行综合应用的科学。
2.Inspiration From Nature--Bionic Structure Aesthetics灵感从自然中来——仿生建筑结构美学3.Orient And Occidental Architecture Imitating And Analogizing Differentia Compare And Development Research;中西方建筑仿生差异比较与发展研究4.By Biological Modeling Element In China Architectural Design Application;论仿生元素在中国建筑设计中的应用5.It Is An Aladdin's Cave For Students Of Architecture.这是建筑学学生的宝库。
6.A Tract: Bionic Architecture Becomes A New Tendency In The Late20 Th Century.建筑仿生已成为一种新时代潮流，也是建筑文化的新课题。
7.Mr XuZhong S Educational Philosophy Of Architecture, And The Architectural Department Of TianJin University;徐中先生的建筑教育思想与天津大学建筑学系8.The Relation Of The Connection Of Geomantic Omen Theory, The Sight Architecture And The Construction Bionomics;传统风水理论与景观建筑学、建筑生态学之关系9.The Magic Arts Nature Great Significance:Plastic Arts Of Bionic Architecture道法自然意味隽永——仿生建筑的造型艺术cational Mode Of Architectural And Urban Design Based On Simulation Technology建筑与城市设计专业的虚拟仿真教学模式探索11.The Relationship Between The Architecture Ecological Aesthetics And The Sustainable Development;建筑生态美学与建筑的可持续发展关系12.The Quality－Oriented Education In The Teaching Of The Course Of The History Of Chinese Architecture;论《中国建筑史》课程与建筑专业学生的素质教育13.Tactics To Improve The College Students' Architectural Design Abilities Of Architectural Decoration Specialty浅议建筑装饰专科学生建筑设计能力的培养14.Eco-Architecture, Emerging From The Integration Of Traditional Architectural Philosophy And Ecological Rationale;生态建筑学:传统建筑学思想与生态学理念融合的结晶15.At A Technical College Students Learn Such Subjects As Engineering,Building,Etc.在技校，学生学习诸如工程、建筑等课程。
大学啊不错啊，好好学习，不要耽误了青春，但是是这个专业坑爹啊，，找好自己的方向，不要被这个专业误导了啊，，理工的学妹，学弟们，你说呢，，哈哈哈哈，嘿嘿联系/软件过程的步骤或基本活动：1.软件描述2.软件设计和实现 3.软件有效性验证 4.软件进化软件生命周期或软件需求过程 1.需求分析和定义2.系统和软件设计3.实现和单元测试4.集成和系统测试5.运行和维护增量式开发过程的好处是：1客户无需等到整个系统的实现。
第一个增量会满足他们大多数关键的需求，因此，软件马上就能使用。
2.客户可以将早期的增量作为原型，从中获得对后面系统增量的需求经验。
3.项目总体性失败的风险比较低。
虽然可能在一些增量中遇到问题，但是其他一些增量将会成功的交付给客户4.因为具有最高优先权的服务被首先交付，而后面的增量也不断被集成进来，这就使得最重要的系统服务肯定接受了最多的测试。
这就意味着在系统的最重要的部分，客户不太可能遇到软件失败。
第一章软件工程和计算机科学的区别：计算机科学侧重理论和基础，而软件工程则侧重于软件开发和交付的实际活动软件工程和系统工程的区别：系统工程侧重基于计算机系统开发的所有方面，包括硬件，软件，和处理工程。
软件工程只是它的一部分1.软件是计算机程序和所有使程序正确运行所需要的相关文档和配置信息软件产品分为：Generic通用、Bespoke (custom)定制2、软件工程是一门工程学科，涉及软件生产的各个方面。
软件工程人员运用的是系统的、有组织的工作方法。
6、软件过程模型从特定角度提出的软件过程的简化表示形式Examples of process perspectives are工作流模型数据流或活动模型角色/动作模型软件开发模型Waterfall瀑布型开发方法Iterative development迭代式开发方法Component-based software engineering（CBSE）基于组件的软件工程7、the costs of software engineering软件工程的成本软件开发成本约占60%，测试成本占40%。
1.Briefly describe the properties (advantages and/or disadvantages) ofwaterfall model and incremental model.瀑布模型优点：(1)可强迫开发人员采用规范化的方法(2)严格地规定了每个阶段必须提交的文档(3)要求每个阶段交出的所有产品都必须是经过验证的缺点：(1)由于瀑布模型几乎完全依赖于书面的规格说明，很可能导致最终开发出的软件产品不能真正满足用户的需要(2)只适用于项目开始时需求已经确定的情况增量模型优点：(1)能在较短时间内向用户提交完成一些有用功能的工作产品(2)逐步增加产品的功能可以使用户有较充裕的时间学习和适应新产品(3)项目失败的风险较低(4)优先级最高的服务首先交付，然后再将其他增量构件逐次集成进来，这意味着，最重要的部分将接受最多的测试缺点：(1) 与其他模型相比，需要更精心的设计2.Briefly describe the following requirement modeling notations, data-flowdiagram(DFD) and event trace. And which UML diagrams can be use to represent them, respectively?数据流图（DFD）：对功能以及从一个功能到另一个功能的数据流建模。
对应UML中的用例图。
事件踪迹：关于现实世界实体之间交换的事件序列的图形描述。
对应UML 中的序列图3.What is component cohesive? List three types of component cohesive.构件内聚：一个构件功能强度的度量。
分为：巧合内聚、逻辑内聚、时态内聚、过程内聚、通信内聚、顺序内聚和功能内聚。
（列出三个即可）4.Briefly describe the testing process in system test.单元测试和集成测试后，进行系统测试，系统测试主要包括四个步骤：(1) 功能测试：检查集成的系统是否按照需求中指定的那样执行它的功能(2) 性能测试：将集成的构件与非功能需求进行比较(3) 验收测试：客户参与的测试，目标是确保系统符合他们对需求的理解(4) 安装测试：在实际运行环境中进行的测试。
Part1market demand 市场需求facility 设施the speculative housing market 投机性住宅市场the real estate developer 房地产开发商government agency 政府机构public project 公共项目project management 项目管理the conceptual planning stage 概念规划阶段feasibility 可行性in-house 内部的,内业的the project life cycle 项目生命周期from cradle to grave 从开始到结束knowledge domain 知识领域construction industry 建筑业spectrum 波普,光谱,范围residential housing construction 房屋住宅建设subcontractor 分包商institutional and commercial building construction 办公与商业用房建设specialized industrial construction 专业化工业项目建设infrastructure and heavy construction 重大基础项目建设architectural and engineeringA/Efirm 建筑与工程设计公司consortium 财团,株式会社preliminary design 初步设计general contractor 总承包商on site quality inspection 现场质量监督litigation 法律诉讼shop drawings 施工图constructability 可建造性,可施工性value engineering 价值工程construction contract 施工合同design/construct firm 设计、施工公司turnkey 交钥匙承发包模式facility maintenance 设施维护Part2project integration management 项目综合管project scope management 项目范围管理project time management 项目时间管理project cost management 项目成本管理project quality management 项目质量管理project human resource management 项目人力资源管理project communications management 项目沟通管理 project risk management 项目风险管理project procurement management 项目采购管理contractual relationships 合同关系changes 工程变更claims 施工索赔mega-projects 巨型项目“functional”organization “职能式”组织“project”organization “项目式”组织 suborganizations 次级组织strong matrix-type suborganization 强矩阵式次级组织interpersonal influence 人际间影响力formal authority 正式的授权reward and/or penalty power 奖励和/或惩罚的权利 matrix organization 矩阵式组织hierarchical structure 层级结构Part3job-site productivity 工作现场生产率non-productive activities 非生产性工作temporary work stoppage 临时性工作暂停union activities 工作活动performance analysis 绩效分析base labor productivity 基准劳动生产率labor productivity index 劳动力生产指数non-local labor 非当地用工productive labor yield 劳动力产出requisitions 询价purchase orders 订购单subcontracts 分包合同shipping and receiving documents 装船与接收文件invoices 发票bulk materials 大众材料standard off-the-shelf materials 现货材料fabricated members or units 预制构件或单元 semi-processed state 半成品状态pre-processed 预加工的pressure vessels 压力容器field assembly 现场装配skilled craftsmen 熟练技工crawler mounting 履带式底盘claim shell 抓铲挖土机 `dragline 拉铲挖土机backhoe 反铲挖土机shovel 正铲挖土机bulldozer 推土机rotary-percussion drills 旋转冲击钻bituminous 沥青Part4economic evaluation 经济评价the planning horizon 规划期cash flow profile 现金流量图minimum attractive rate of returnMARR 最低收益率sensitivity or uncertainty analysis 敏感性或不确定性分析annual benefit 年收益annual cost 年费用net annual cash flow 年净现金流量opportunity cost 机会成本social rate of discount 社会贴现率profit measure利润指标值private corporations 私营股份制公司public agencies 公共机构net future valueNFV /净终值net present valueNPV 净现值equivalent uniform annual net value NUV 等额净年值capital recovery factor 资金回收因子benefit-cost ratioBCR 收益-费用比profitability index 盈利指数saving-to-investment ratioSIR 存款投资比率absolute numerical measure 绝对指数internal rate of returnIRR 内部收益率marginal efficiency of capital 边际资本收益return on investmentROI 投资收益payback periodPBP 投资回收期profit maximization利润最大化public sector 公共领域basic principle 基本原理nonnegative 非负的budget constraint 预算限制incremental analysis 追加分析internal rate of return method 内部收益率法Part5Word Bank-financed projects 世界银行融资贷款项目foreign bidders 海外投标人civil works 土木工程I nternational Competitive BiddingICB 竞争性国际招标Limited International Bidding 有限国际招标 National Competitive Bidding 国内竞争性招标International Shopping 国际订购Direct Contracting 直接签约General Procurement Notice 通用采购公告 prequalification 资格预审bidding documents 招标文件domestic contractors 国内承包商instructions to bidders 投标人须知conditions of contract 合同条件specifications of drawings 技术规范与图纸bill of quantities 工程量清单payment terms 支付条件minutes of the conference 会议纪要pre-bid conferences 标前会议site visits 现场踏勘substantially responsive 实质性响应the lowest evaluated cost 经评审的最低造价Part6the sealed bids 密封的投标报价construction company 建筑公司marketing strategy 市场营销策略long-term goals 长期目标client relationships 客户关系short-term goal 短期目标direct costs estimate 直接费估算mark-up 涨价溢价company or head office overheads 公司或总部管理费unrealistic bids 不切实际的报价owner-contractor agreement 业主与承包商之间订立的合同standard form of agreement 标准合同形式American Institute of ArchitectsAIA 美国建筑师协会bonus and penalty clauses 奖励与惩罚条款 lump-sum agreement 总价合同changer order 变更单written authorization 书面授权unit-price agreement 单价合同quantity takeoff 工程量清单cost-plus-fee agreements 成本加酬金合同equity partners 股权伙伴rental rates 出租比例percentage fee 百分百酬金合同fixed fee 固定酬金合同changes 工程变更contract award 合同授予changes clause 变更条款publicly financed project 公共融资项目extra work 附加工作the prime contractor 主承包商Part7the International Federation of Consulting Engineering 国际咨询师联合会the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Constructions FIDIC施工合同条件the General Conditions FIDIC通用条件the Particular Conditions FIDIC专业条件the Appendix to Tender FIDIC投标附录arbitration 仲裁,裁决Dispute Adjudication BoardDBA争议仲裁委员会Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction 土木工程施工合同条件Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Work 机电安装工程合同条件Conditions of Contract for Design-Build and Turnkey设计-建造于交钥匙合同条件Client/Consultant Model Services Agreement 客户/咨询师服务协议Conditions of Subcontract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction 土木工程分包合同条件Guides to the Use of the Different FIDIC Conditions of Contract 各种FIDIC合同条件应用指南Amicable Settlement of Construction Disputes 施工争端友好解决方式Insurance of Large Civil Engineering Projects 大型土木工程保险The Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build FIDIC安装与设计-建造合同The Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects FIDICEPC/交钥匙项目合同条件The Short Form of Contract FIDIC简短格式合同The Form of Contract for Dredging and Reclamation Works FIDIC疏浚与防洪工程合同格式priced contract with activity schedule 总价合同priced contract with bill of quantities 单价合同target contract with activity schedule 目标总价合同target contract with bill of quantities 目标单价合同cost reimbursable contract 成本补偿合同 performance bond 履约保函parent company guarantee 母公司担保advance payment 预付款retention 工程留置权bonus for early completion 工期提前奖delays damages 误期损害surety 担保financial loan 商业贷款insurance policy 保险政策in breach of contract 合同违约bid bond 投标担保justification 正当的理由labor and material bond 劳动力与原材料担保lien bond 留置权担保comprehensive general liability insurance 综合责任险professional liability insurance职业责任险workers’ compensation insurance 工人补偿险builder’s risk fire insurance 施工方火灾险Part8construction planning 施工计划the choice of technology 施工技术的选择the definition of work tasks 工作任务的定义the estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks 所需资源和各项工作持续时间的估算reasoning backward 逆向推理normative problem 规范性问题cost control 成本控制schedule control 进度控制critical path scheduling procedures 关键线路进度控制程序job shop scheduling procedures 工作现场进度控制程序work breakdown 工作分解manufacturing terminology加工制造业术语 resource allocations 资源分配fore-runner 先行者laborious and tedious process 复杂和枯燥的过程general models 通用模型databases and information systems 数据库和信息系统the storage and recall of the activities 工作活动的存储于记忆manpower 人力,劳动力the duration of the activity 工作活动的持续时间placing concrete on site 现场浇筑混凝土placing forms 支设模板installing reinforcing steel 绑扎钢筋pouring concrete 浇筑混凝土finishing the concrete 混凝土养护removing forms 模板拆除position forms on the cleaning station 在清理场所码放的模板hierarchical structure 层级结构work breakdown structure 工作结构分解precedence relations 先导顺序关系structural integrity结构整体性design drawings 设计图纸milestone events 里程碑事件lag 时间间隔computer based simulation 基于计算机的模拟excavation equipment 开挖机械\Part9critical path methodCPM 关键路线发predecessor/successor activities先导/后续工作resource constraint 资源约束artificial precedence constraint 人为先导关系约束activity-branch network 双代号网络图dummy activity 虚工作earliest time schedule 最早时间进度latest time schedule 最迟时间进度float 时差,机动时间maneuvering room 可调整的余地free float 自由时差independent float 独立时差total float 总时差inter-relationships 相互关系graphical presentations of project schedules 项目进度的图形表达network diagrams 网络图time-scaled network 时标网络bar or Gantt chart 横道或甘特图horizontal axis 横轴,横坐标vertical axis 纵轴,纵坐标S-curves S型曲线resource graphs 资源图uncertainty associated with the actual durations与实际持续时间相关的不确定性regulatory approval 行政许可adverse weather 不利的天气contingency allowance 应急准备probabilistic perspective概率的角度independent random variables 相互独立的随机变量random fluctuations 随机波动positive correlations正相关over-optimistic 过于乐观的Part10e-construction 工程返工personal injuries 人身伤害conformance 遵守,服从re-evaluation of design decisions设计决策的重要评估tunneling methods 隧道开掘方法actual site conditions 现场的实际状况roadway rehabilitation 公路路面返修quality assurance 质量保证n-site inspections 现场监督检查US Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationOSHA 美国职业安全与健康署violation of existing standard 违反现行规范标准employee participation in quality control 质量控制的员工参与statistical methods 统计方法batches of materials 材料批implicit assumption 隐含的假设total quality control 全面质量控制zero defects goal 零缺陷目标quality circles 质量环“optimum”proportion “最佳”的比例non-destructive techniques 非破坏性技术x-ray inspection of welds 焊接的X光检测 exhaustive or 100% testing 全数或100%检测lot 母体,总体sampling by attributes 特征抽样sampling by variables 变量抽样direct costs 直接成本indirect costs 间接成本construction accidents 工程事故insurance premiums 保险赔偿unsecured railings 未经保护的围栏on-board electronics面板电子元器件asbestosis 矽肺,石棉肺sewer line 排污管道four lane street 四车道道路Part11construction yard and warehouse management information 施工仓储管理信息concrete pumps 混凝土泵warehouse clerks 仓储管理员daily rental charge 日租金tedious manual task 繁琐的手工作业application programs 应用程序duplicate 复制verbal description 文字描述warehouse inventory database 仓储清单数据库relational data model 关系数据模型data dictionary 数据字典numerical code 数据编码redundancy 冗余aggregate 集料,骨料external models of the information 外部信息模型algebraic theory 代数理论projection 映射advantages of distributed processing 分散式处理的优点dynamic changes in information needs 信息需求的动态变化untidy information 凌乱的信息information flow 信息流preprocessor system 预处理系统independent systems 独立系统geometric information 图形信息。
Chapter11.why software engineering is important?(1)Individuals and society rely on advanced software system.(个人和社会依靠先进的软件系统)(2).Produce reliable and trustworthy systems economically and quickly (生产可靠和值得信赖的系统经济和迅速)(3)Cheaper is long run to use software engineering methods and techniques.(便宜的是长期使用的软件工程方法和技术)2.what are the essential attributes of good software?（6分）1.Maintainability(n. 可维护性；可维修性)2.Dependability and security.(可靠性和安全)3.Efficiency(n. 效率；效能；功效)4.Acceptability(n. 可接受性；可容许性)(3)what are the types of software products,give some examples.（6分）1.Generic product(基本性产品通用产品).eg:1.Graphic software's 2.Microsoft office 3.CAD/CAM2.custom product(定制的产品).eg:1.Student Information System 2.(Traffic/Remote/Embedded) Control System(4)what are the fundamental activities of software engineering?（6分）1.software specification （软件规格说明）2.software development（软体开发）3.software validation（软件确认）4.software evolution（软件演化软件进化软体演进）(5)what are the cost of software engineering?Roughly 60% of software costs are development costs,40% are testing costs. For custom software,evolution costs often exceed development costs(大约60%的软件成本开发成本,40%是测试成本。
Geometric ModelingGeometric modeling is a crucial aspect of computer graphics and design,playing a significant role in various industries such as architecture, engineering, animation, and manufacturing. It involves creating digital representations of objects and environments using mathematical and computational techniques. Geometric modeling allows designers and engineers to visualize and analyze complex structures, simulate real-world scenarios, and communicate their ideas effectively. However, it also presents several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed to ensure accurate and efficient modeling processes. One of the primary challenges in geometric modeling is achieving precision and accuracy in representing real-world objects and environments. Designers and engineers often need to create highly detailed and intricate models that accurately reflect the physical properties and behavior of the objects they are working with. This requires advanced mathematical algorithms and computational techniques to ensure that the digital models are as close to reality as possible. Inaccurate or imprecise geometric models can lead to design flaws, engineering errors, andcostly rework, highlighting the importance of addressing this challenge. Another significant challenge in geometric modeling is handling complex geometries and shapes. Many real-world objects and structures have irregular and non-standard shapes that are difficult to represent using traditional geometric primitives such as spheres, cubes, and cylinders. This complexity is further compounded in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering, where the need for highly complex and organic shapes is prevalent. Overcoming this challenge requires the development of advanced modeling techniques, such as freeform modeling and surface reconstruction, to accurately capture and represent complex geometries. Furthermore, geometric modeling also faces challenges related to computational efficiency and performance. Creating and manipulating geometric models often involves complex mathematical operations and algorithms that can be computationally intensive. As the size and complexity of models increase, the computational requirements also escalate, leading to longer processing times and reduced interactivity. This can hinder the design and engineering process, makingit difficult for designers and engineers to work with large and intricate modelsin a timely manner. Addressing this challenge involves optimizing algorithms, leveraging parallel processing techniques, and utilizing hardware acceleration to improve computational efficiency and performance. In addition to technical challenges, geometric modeling also raises issues related to interoperability and data exchange. In today's collaborative and interconnected design environment, it is essential for geometric models to be compatible and interoperable with various software applications and systems. However, different software tools often use proprietary data formats and representations, making it challenging to exchange and work with geometric models across different platforms. This interoperability challenge can impede seamless collaboration and data exchange between designers, engineers, and other stakeholders, highlighting the need for standardized data formats and interoperability solutions. Moreover, geometric modeling also presents challenges related to modeling real-time interactive environments and simulations. In applications such as virtual reality, gaming, and simulation, it is essential to create geometric models that can be rendered and interacted with in real-time. Achieving real-time interactivity and visual fidelity requires optimizing geometric models, leveraging level-of-detail techniques, and utilizing advanced rendering algorithms. This challenge becomes even more pronounced as the demand for immersive and realistic virtual environments continues to grow, necessitating the development of innovative solutions to address this challenge. Furthermore, ethical considerations also come into play in geometric modeling, particularly in applications such as medical imaging and virtual reality. The use of geometric models in these contexts raises concerns about patient privacy, data security, and the potential misuse of digital representations. Designers and engineers must be mindful of these ethical considerations and ensure that the use of geometric models complies with ethical standards and regulations. This involves implementing secure data handling practices, obtaining informed consent for the use of patient data, and safeguarding the integrity and privacy of digital representations. In conclusion, geometric modeling is a critical component of computer graphics and design, enabling designers and engineers to create digital representations of objects and environments for various applications. However, it also presents several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed toensure accurate and efficient modeling processes. From achieving precision and accuracy to handling complex geometries, improving computational efficiency, addressing interoperability issues, enabling real-time interactivity, and considering ethical considerations, there are numerous aspects to consider in the realm of geometric modeling. Overcoming these challenges requires the development of advanced mathematical algorithms, computational techniques, and ethical frameworks to ensure that geometric modeling meets the needs of diverse industries while upholding high standards of accuracy, efficiency, and ethical responsibility.。
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Mechanical and Materials EngineeringResearch Activities by Faculty:acquisition of fundamental scientific knowledge. Separate laboratories, each supplied with special purpose instruments and apparatus, support the four areas. Information on facilities in the first three areas can be found at the Research by Laboratory site. Funding comes from major granting agencies such as the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and contract work has been undertaken with, for example, ALCAN, CAMM, CANMET, DND, IDRC, MIROC, MMO and Transport Canada.Biomechanical Engineering•J. Tim Bryanto Orthotic Deviceso Knee Mechanicso Ergonomics•Kevin Deluzioo Biomechanics of Human Motiono Orthopaedic Biomechanicso Biomedical Data Analysis Techniques•Geneviève A. Dumaso Spine Mechanicso Biomechanics•Randy Ellis (cross-appointment from Computing and Information Science)o Computer-Enhanced Surgeryo3D Image Registrationo Biomechanics•Qingguo Lio Biomechanical Systems Designo Bio-Mechatronicso Roboticso Locomotion•Steve Waldman (Adjunct)o Tissue Engineeringo Perfusion Bioreactorso BiomechanicsEnergy and Fluid Systems• A. Michael Birko Gas Turbineso Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosionso Fluid Mechanics/Thermodynamics/Heat Transfer•Gaby Ciccarelli▪Explosion Physics and Prevention▪Pulse-Detonation Engines▪Combustion•Stephen J. Harrisono Solar Energyo Energy Conservationo Thermal Calorimetry and Measurement Techniques•Miodrag Darko Matovico Computational Fluid Dynamicso Fluid Dynamicso Combustion•Patrick H. Oosthuizen▪Convective Heat Transfer▪Experimental Methods▪Heat Transfer/Thermodynamic•Jon G. Pharoaho Membrane Separation / Water Purificationo Application of CFD to designo Fuel Cell Transport•Ugo Piomellio Large eddy and direct simulationso Turbulence simulations and modellingo Transition modelling, Computational fluid dynamics, Geophysical flows •Andrew Pollardo Fluid Dynamics & Turbulenceo Computational Fluid Dynamicso Experimental Fluid Dynamics•Richard W. Sellenso Optical Measurement Techniqueso Fluid Mechanicso BiomechanicsManufacturing and Dynamic Systems•Ronald J. Andersono Vehicle Dynamicso Multibody Dynamics•Laeeque Daneshmend (joint appointment with Mining Engineering) o Reliability Engineeringo Maintenance Managemento Robotics for Unstructured Environments•Jacob Jeswieto Metal Formingo Single Point Incremental Formingo Friction in Metal Formingo Energy and Carbon Emissions in Manufacturingo Powder Metallurgy•Il-Yong Kimo Multidisciplinary Design Optimizationo CAD/CAM/CAEo Mechanical Systems Design Using FEM (Finite Element Method) •Yongjun Laio Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)o Bio-MEMS bio-manipulations, biomechanics testing, biosensors, etco Vehicle navigation and laser micromachining for rapid MEMS prototyping •Chris K. Mechefskeo Vibration Based Monitoring of Machineso Manufacturing System Dynamic Analysiso Biomedical/Biomechanical System Analysis•Leila Notasho Manipulator Kinematicso Fault Tolerant Operationo Mechatronics and Robotics•David S. Strong▪Design Engineering Education▪Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles•Brian W. Surgenor▪Intelligent Automation▪Automatic Control Systems▪Mechatronics Engineering•Gene Zako Rapid Prototypingo Plastic Compositeso Injection MoldingMaterials Engineering•J. Doug Boydo Steel Physical Metallurgyo Metal Matrix Composites•Brad. Diako Microstructural Phenomena in Metals and Alloyso Materials for Transportation Applicationso X-ray/Electron Scattering Techniques•Mark. Daymondo Micromechanisms of Deformation in Metals, Ceramics and Compositeso Advanced Neutron and X-ray Scattering Techniqueso Engineering Mechanics, Components and Processes•Richard. A. Holto Nuclear materials/zirconium alloyso Crystallographic texture/anisotropyo Modeling materials behaviour•Vlad Krstico Ceramics Processing and Propertieso Ceramic Matrix Compositeso Thin Films• A. Keith Pilkeyo Material Failure Mechanismso Metallographic Image Analysiso Metal Forming•Morteza Shirkhanzadeho Corrosion and Electrochemistryo Electrochemical Processing of Biomaterialso Bioactive and Superplastic Ceramic Coatings•Yongwen Yaoo Characterization of Micorstructureso Radiation induced defects in nuclear materials2曼彻斯特大学(英国)：/our-research/research-themes/autonomoussystems/Autonomous SystemsTraditional methods of remotely controlling systems by manual operation become inadequate as the systems and the tasks required increase in complexity, particularly in changing and challenging environments. In recent times, the demand for technologies that operate with minimal human intervention has become acute.http://www.ece.uvic.ca/researchareas.shtmlDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of VictoriaI am pleased to welcome you to the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Victoria. Our Department is known for its exceptional faculty and excellent students world wide. In its brief history, the Department has attractedsome of the leading academics in their fields. In its academic ranks of thirty-five regular and emeritus faculty members, one can find one Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, nine Fellows of the IEEE, five Fellows of the EIC, one Lansdowne Chair, two CRC Tier 1 Chairs, and two CRC Tier 2 Chairs.Since its establishment in 1983, our Department has indeed grown dramatically. We are offering a broad range of well established undergraduate and graduate programs of study. Our undergraduate programs include Bachelors of Engineering in Computer Engineering and in Electrical Engineering as well as the newly established Bachelor of Software Engineering jointly offered with Computer Science.Our graduate programs are tightly integrated with our research activities, and include programs at the masters and doctoral levels. We have awarded more than 120 doctoral degrees, and our graduates can be found in academic and industrial positions nationally and internationally.On behalf of my colleagues, I extend a warm welcome, and I encourage you to explore the many facets of our Department through these pages.Sincerely,Dr. Fayez GebaliProfessor and ChairResearch AreasResearch AreasBelow is a listing of research areas, click on the research area to show/hide the list of faculty members associated with each area.Communication, Signal Processing and ControlMichael Adams, Ph.D. (British Columbia)Digital signal processing; image/video/audio processing and coding; digital geometry processing; wavelets, subdivision, and filter banks; algorithms; multimedia systems; data compression; computer graphics.Panajotis Agathoklis, Dr. Sc. Tech. (Swiss Fed. Inst. of Tech.)Digital signal processing, multidimensional systems, control systems.Andreas Antoniou, Ph.D. (London)Analog and digital filter design, digital signal processing, electronic circuits, optimization methods.Alexandra Branzan Albu, Ph.D. (Bucharest)Computer vision, pattern recognition, image processing, human computer interaction.Lin Cai, Ph.D. (Waterloo)Wireless networks and mobile computing, resource and mobility management, flow and congestion control, medium access control, multimedia services, cross-layer design.Xiaodai Dong, Ph.D. (Queen's)Wireless communications systems, ultra-wideband communications, multicarrier and multiple antenna communication systems, radio propagation, cooperative communications, cognitive radio.Peter F. Driessen, Ph.D. (British Columbia)Audio and video signal processing, computer music, sound recording, wireless communications, radio propagation.T. Aaron Gulliver, Ph.D. (Victoria)Wireless communications, ultra-wideband systems, wireless networks, cross-layer design, optical wireless, cognitive radio, OFDM and MIMO systems, secure communications, algebraic coding theory, information theory, cryptography and computer security, software radio, communications algorithms.R. Lynn Kirlin, Ph.D. (Utah State)Statistical signal processing: sonar, HF radar, seismic, sensor array processing; adaptive filters, parameter estimation, noise suppression; pattern recognition, clustering and classification; wavelet and time-frequency analysis, data compression, blind separation of signals and blind deconvolution, spectral design of randomized switching in dc/dc and dc/ac converters, radar.Wu-Sheng Lu, Ph.D. (Minnesota)Design and analysis of digital filters, wavelets and filter banks, DSP for telecommunications, numerical optimization and applications.Michael McGuire, Ph.D. (Toronto)Model-based and adaptive filtering, digital signal processing and wireless network control.Stephen W. Neville, Ph.D. (Victoria)Computer and network security, artificial intelligence, statistical signal processing, pattern recognition, fault detection and diagnosis, distributed systems, decision support systems.Hong-Chuan Yang, Ph.D. (Minnesota)Wireless communications and networks, diversity techniques, performance analysis, cross-layer design, and energy efficient communications.Adam Zielinski, Ph.D. (Wroclaw)Underwater acoustic systems; acoustic communications, telemetry and navigation; application of acoustics, ocean electronic instrumentation, signal acquisition and processing,electronic circuits and sensors.4斯坦福大学(美国)(/research-areas) Electrical Engineering Research AreasHardware/Software SystemsSummaryWork in this area is built upon principles and techniques involved in the design and analysis of systems implemented using hardware and software. This includes computer networks; the architecture and design of computer subsystems including processors, memory systems, input/output, and interconnect; programming systems and compilers; and large software systems including systems handling massive amounts of data, graphics and imaging systems, and distributed web services.Sub-Areas & DetailsInformation Systems and ScienceSummaryResearch in IS focuses on the development and application of mathematical models, techniques, and algorithms for information processing, broadly construed. In addition to work on the core disciplines of information theory and coding, control and optimization, signal processing, and learning and inference, IS research spans several application areas, including biomedical imaging, wireless communications and networks, multimedia communications, Internet, energy systems, transportation systems, and financial systems. Much of this research is interdisciplinary and involves faculty and students from other departments across the university.Sub-Areas & DetailsPhysical Technology and ScienceSummaryComplex electronic systems are ubiquitous (e.g., planes, cars, communication networks, cellphones). At present, there is a pressing need to improve by orders of magnitude the performance and efficiency of existing electronic systems which are the backbones of the information society. At the same time, we are seeing expanding needs in emerging areas such as distributed power networks, electric cars, biomedical devices and systems, and sensor networks.Sub-Areas & Details5：哥伦比亚大学（美国）/signal-and-information-processingElectrical EngineeringFacultyJavad LavaeiAssistant ProfessorResearch areas:Control Theory, Power Systems, Optimization Theory,Networking.Shih-Fu ChangProfessorResearch areas:Multimedia search and retrieval, image and video analysis, mobile and augmented media, large-scale high-dimensional indexing, signal processing,computer vision, and machine learning.Dan EllisAssociate ProfessorResearch areas:Audio signal processing and content analysis, with applications to speech, music, environmental sound, and bioacoustics. Statistical pattern recognition applied to audio, and techniques for analyzing large audio archives. Acoustic sceneanalysis, auditory modeling, and acoustic source separation.John PaisleyAssistant ProfessorResearch areas:Statistical Machine Learning, Probabilistic Models.Xiaodong WangProfessorJohn WrightAssistant Professor6: 布里斯托（英国）/engineering/departments/mecheng/research/Research GroupsDynamics and ControlThe research group ethos involves the development of advanced analytical techniques in combination with numerical simulations and a strong element of experimental testing. The group has a variety of projects funded by the EPSRC and the European Commission, as well as projects with collaboration and funding from industry. Laboratory facilities were established in 2004 as part of BLADE, (Bristol Laboratory For Advanced Dynamics Engineering) including state-of-the-art dynamic testing capabilities. Engineering DynamicsEngineering Dynamics research spans a wide range of activities and applications. Large structures, bridges, machines, and aircraft all have dynamical properties which need to be modelled, measured and designed for. Our research activity is focused on the dynamic behaviour of these systems - particularly those with significant nonlinearity. The group hosts the University Technology Centre with AgustaWestland, and has a range of other industrial projects. The following topics are major themes of research:•Aircraft dynamics•Earthquake engineering•Nonlinear dynamics•Modal testing•Smart structures•Structural integrityControl EngineeringControl Engineering research includes expertise in a wide range of topics. Recent collaborative work includes projects with the University of Bath on the energy-efficient adaptive control of servohydraulic systems, and on the adaptive control of the University of Bristol shaking-table. Current work with industry includes projects with Zwick Controllers Ltd, on the adaptive control of servohydraulic testingmachines, and with BAE Systems on adaptive navigation in uncertain urban environments. Topics of research interest include:•Model predictive control•adaptive control•distributed control•unmanned aerial vehicle•autonomous systems•real-time dynamic substructuring•aircraft stability and controlFluid DynamicsThe Fluid Dynamics research group has research expertise in a range computational and experimental fluid dynamics topics. A particular focus in recent years has been unsteady flows, and their interaction with engineering structures. Work is also been carried out on the dynamics and control of bubbling fluidised beds. The group have collaborative contracts with all major UK aerospace companies, and collaborative links with many international research institutes. Please visit the link for further information on the Fluid andAerodynamics group.7谢菲尔德（英国）/acse/research Department of Automatic Control and Systems EngineeringOur vision is to carry out theoretical and applied research to address challenges posed by the complexity of natural and man-made systems and the demand for higher levels of autonomy and intelligence of future engineering systems.We structure our research along three strategic themes: Complexity, Intelligence and Autonomy, four cross-cutting application areas: Aerospace & Transport; Life Sciences & Healthcare; Energy & Environment, Manufacturing & Robotics and three research groups, led by senior academics and supported by post-doctoral researchers.Research GroupsThe research in ACSE is organized in three research groups, which reflect three strategic research themes.Autonomous Systems and Robotics (Autonomy Theme)This research group carries out world leading research in autonomous and robotic systems by investigating key research problems of sensing, control, decision making and system integration. Themes include: design of autonomous industrial robots, biologically inspired principles of sensing and control, self-assembling robotic systems and swarms and advanced software architectures for decision making.Visit Autonomous Systems and RoboticsComplex Systems and Signal Processing (Complexity Theme)The group is internationally renowned for its work on the identification and analysis of complex spatio-temporal systems, nonlinear signal processing, and the analysis and design of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain.Visit Complex Systems and Signal ProcessingIntelligent Systems, Decision and Control (Intelligence Theme)The group make a global impact on advances in multiobjective evolutionary optimization algorithms, intelligent health monitoring and fault diagnosis, decision support systems for biomedicine, information processing and computational data modelling.Visit Intelligent Systems, Decision and Control8. 悉尼大学（澳大利亚）.au/vsfs/Current ResearchTeaching and Learning EffectivenessThe VSFS is currently used as an educational tool in the undergraduate aeronautical engineering degree at the university. The effectiveness of this part of the degree forms a significant area of research, with two major outcomes assessed.The first is the ability of the simulator to enhance student understanding in the flight mechanics course in the third year of study. Students take part in a simulation week where they fly the simulator while basic aerodynamic coefficients are varied to emphasise their effect.The second is to examine the effectiveness of building software and functionality into the simulator, such as aircraft models, controllers, processes and plugins. This concerns thesis and more advanced students who will actually improve the simulator or test their own controllers.Visual Systems for Guidance and ControlUsing simulator software and control law, current research is being conducted into the use of visual systems for aircraft guidance and control. This involves the use of algorithms to analyse aircraft trajectory in flight in real-time and testing the results in the simulator. Guidance and control laws can be developed through the use of the simulator to simulate “flight test” conditions.9澳洲国立大学（澳大利亚）.au/research/groups/sysconEngineering & Computer Science Systems and ControlWe are a multidisciplinary group focusing on the broad areas of automatic control and systems theory. Our particular research areas cover a diverse range of topics in three major areas:•Swarms and Multiagent Systems: It is becoming increasingly important for airborne and ground vehicles to maintain rigid or semi-rigid formations whenexecuting a mission. In a squadron of unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) forexample, which talks to which? Which needs to measure what? How can thewhole formation stay together if one of the communication links breaks down?•Complex and Dyamical Networks: As the world becomes ever more connected we see the necessity of understanding how to analyse and control largenetworks. Detecting and isolating faults in complex networks - the electricity grid,for example - helps to minimise economic and social disruption to consumersand business.•Quantum Control: Science and technology are rapidly developing at the nano scale, where physical features have dimensions on the order of tens ofnanometers or below. This calls for a new control engineering that it suited toquantum technologies, and in particular, that takes fully into account thequantum models that are needed in this frontier domain.10帝国理工学院/electricalengineering/research•Electrical & Electronic EngineeringOur research activities are organised broadly into five groups, in the fields of devices, communications & signal processing, circuits, intelligent systems, and control & power. Each group collaborates widely with partners in industry and other research institutions, and each is supported by a broad range of funding sources.Our research group spans control theory to power converter design via control system applications and power system planning.•Our theoretical work in control is centred on robust and optimal control, data fusion, nonlinear systems, stochastic modelling, systems identification anddistributed parameter systems•Our theoretical work in power systems is centred on solutions to optimized network planning that account for the stochastic nature of actors in a smart grid and the characteristics of new power electronic technologies.•We apply our fundamental work in control and power to:o the design of onshore and offshore transmission networkso distributed control and constraint management in distribution networkso design and control of modular multi-level power converterso modelling and optimisation of wireless power transfer and energy harvesterso the modelling and stability analysis of land and sea vehicleso the stabilisation of large flexible structures.We are presently recruiting students (UK and UK-based EU nationals in the main) for PhD scholarships through our Centre for Doctoral Training in Future Power Systems and Smart Grids (a joint initiative with Strathclyde University)。
