下载文档原格式
Management Measures of Sluice Construction Technology in Water Conservancy ProjectXuyang MAShanghai Haomao Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai,201499AbstractWith the rapid development of economy in our country,the construction of water conservancy project is in full swing,among which all kinds of large,medium and small sluice projects have become indispensable projects in the construction of water conservancy project. Sluice,as an important structure in most water conservancy projects,is an important part that restricts the quality and progress of water conservancy projects.It is very important to do a good job in the management of sluice construction technology.It is divided into the following steps,perfect the construction scheme,strengthen the management work,strictly control the quality of the project and so on.Key WordsWater Conservancy Projects,Sluice,Construction Technology,Management Measures and ProblemsDOI:10.18686/slgcsj.v1i2.615水利工程中水闸施工技术的管理措施马旭阳上海浩淼建筑工程有限责任公司，上海，201499摘要随着我国经济的飞速发展，水利工程项目正如火如荼的建设，其中各类大中小型水闸工程成为水利工程建设中不可或缺的项目。
Design Engineer and Design Methodology——设计工程师与设计方法1 What Makes a Good Design Engineer ? Is design an art form only to be practiced by those gifted with its talents, or is it a regimented discipline that can be learned? Virtually everything that humans do involves altering the environment around us, which is essentially what design is all about; thus every individual possesses the ability to design to some extent. While there are few Mozart’s in the history of the world, there are numerous musicians who play his music and enable us all to enjoy it. Each person must identify the area in which he feels promise, and must do the best job he can. It is true there is only one queen been in a hive, but without the workers even the queen cannot survive. In other words, be careful of your ego and always strive to improve your abilities.2 It is very difficult to teach people how to become creative design engineers because everyone thinks differently. There are often no clear solutions to a problem. Historical knowledge can also often be a powerful tool to help demonstrate how creative ideas are formed; unfortunately, a discussion of the history of machine tool development is beyond the scope of this book. Systematic methods of analysis and synthesis can be formulated to aid in development of ideas; however, these methods have often been blamed for stifling creativity. A good design engineer often uses systematic methods of analysis and synthesis in order to help evaluate wild and crazy conceptual ideas generated during the initial creative phase of problem solving.3 How can creativity be stimulated and enhanced ? Perhaps if this question could be answered with an equation, a computer program could be written that could design anything. Good design engineers usually think in terms of pictures instead of equations or if then else logic. Often, it seems as if daydreams are an inner manifestation of the creative urge within all individuals. The task of the design engineer, therefore, is to install enough reality into his or her memory to enable daydreams to produce useful solutions to real problems. One must also be able to keep a mental catalog of available building blocks and methods in which they can be manufactured and put together. The database must be open, so as to not preclude the development of new building blocks, while taking care to keep abreast of new technologies.4 A design engineer must also become good at identifying problems. Once a problem is identified, it will usually yield to an unending barrage of creative thought and analysis. High-priced consultants do not necessarily solve detailed problems;they identify the problems for others to solve. Identifying a problem requires careful detective work. In addition to solving and identifying problems, the design engineer must also learn to identify what the customer really needs, which is not necessarily what the customer thinks that he or she needs. This requires interactionwith marketing research groups, customers, and manufacturing personnel on a continuing personal basis.5 To keep his or her mind tuned, a good design engineer must always ask: “How does that work?” and “Why does that catch my eye?” regarding everything he or she sees in daily life. This will help to develop a feel for the needs and wants of people and the ability to make a realistic assessment of what is technologically feasible. It will also help the design engineer to develop a feel for color, form, texture, and proportion. By being observant, patient, and optimistic, a design engineer will become aware of what people buy and use. If the design engineer notices fault with something, chances are that others do, too, and thus money could be made by correcting the fault. Opportunity only knocks for those who listen, and it is hard to hear knocking when the radio is turned up too loud.6 In addition, although each engineer must understand the physics of operation of the machine, he or she must realize that the design process is itself a precision dynamic system. If each engineer understands the structure of the design process and what other members of the team have to do, he or she will be less likely to cause problems that adversely affect the project. Once attitudes such as “why should I bother with this detail because someone will catch it” beco me established, competitiveness is the next thing to be lost. Design engineers must feel a personal love for their work and the work of team.7 Formulating a Personal Design Methodology One of the founding fathers of machine tools, Henry Maudslay who was born in 1771, is credited with the development of the compound side, whose design principle is used on virtually every lathe in the world today. Although it is said that many of his inventions were described before by others in principle, it was Maudslay who reduced many ideas to practice. One of Maudslay’s fundamental contributions was to note that the extra cost of making a machine from metal, as opposed to wood, was recouped many times over in terms of the machine’s accuracy and life. Maudslay had several maxims which still serve as a set of basic guidelines for all types designs:1). Get a clear notion of what you desire to accomplish, then you will probably get it.2). Keep a sharp look-out upon your materials: get rid of every pound of material you can do without. Put yourself to the question, “ what business has it there?” Avoid complexities and make everything as simple as possible.3). Remember the get-ability of parts.Maudslay’s maxims can be used as a good foundation for just about any personal design methodology.8 Because many modern systems are often so complex, expertise is required in many different disciplines; hence often it is nearly impossible for one person alone to design an entire system. However, it is possible to be aware of the capabilities of other disciplines. This allows an individual or small group to develop a design plan for complex system.9 Although it is often said that “no matter what you design, somebody has already thought of it before, at least in principle,” this should not be accepted as a defeatist attitude but rather one of awareness. Continual updating of one’s mental memory banks with new knowledge about advances in all fields of engineering and science is a must if a design engineer is to remain competitive. This updating must be the cornerstone of every design engineer’s personal design methodology. Other than that, every design engineer has his or her own way of doing things, many aspects of which are borrowed from established methods. Some of these methods are discussed below.10 Designs can be categorized as being original, adaptive, or scaled. Original design means developing a new way of doing something (e.g., cutting with waterjets, as opposed to using a saw blade). Adaptive design means using technology developed for another task and adapting it to perform the task at hand (e.g., using lasers to sculpt wood). Scaled design means changing the size or arrangement of a design in order to accommodate a similar change in an existing process (e.g., design a bigger version of an existing machine). each of these types of design can be equally challenging and all require five basic steps:1) Task definition2) Conceptual design3) Layout design4) Detail design5) Design follow-up11 Task definition often starts with the customer or sales representative requesting the design department to provide a study regarding the feasibility, cost, and potential availability of a design to perform a specific function. In response to this request, thecompany’s best design engineers g et together to sketch out concepts. It is in the conceptual design phase that the functional relationships of components and the physical structure are usually defined. Once a few select conceptual designs are chosen, they are expanded in detail through layout design where preliminary sizing of components and calculations are made in order to produce rough assembly drawings of the conceptual designs. This enables more accurate feasibility and cost estimates to be developed. After modifying the required specifications and conceptual designs, the project’s feasibility can be determined, usually resulting in one design being chosen for detailing. The detail design phase is everything that follows in order to bring the design to life. Design follow-up involves activities such as the development of a maintenance plan and documentation, which often cause many design engineers to run and hide. However, if the design is not maintained , or if nobody can figure out how to use it, the design will not be used and design effort will have been wasted.12 Along each step of the design path, design engineers have to apply their own personal design methodology, which they must develop themselves. Whatever from the methodology takes, it should realize that no develop a design plan for complex system.12 Along each step of the design path, design engineers have to apply their own personal design methodology, which they must develop themselves. Whatever from the methodology takes, it should realize that no design engineer is an island. In general, the method should:1) Foster creativity. The design engineer should always start with wild, crazy, “what if” designs and if necessary scale back to more rational conventional solutions.The design engineer, however, must know when to turn off the wild, crazy, dreaming aspect often associated with generating conceptual designs, and proceed with a systematic consideration of one or two concepts that will lead to the detail design.2) Acknowledge the creativeness of others. A nor invented here (NIH) syndrome is unacceptable and has been the downfall of many a firm that was unwilling to adopt an outsider’s superior concept. There is no room for prejudice in design. One must take what exists, use it to its fullest potential, and then improve upon it.3) Do not depend on luck or ignore a problem in the hope that it will go away. A wishful attitude has killed many people and generated huge legal fees. Every detail from where to run electric lines and hydraulic hoses, to placement of the warning labels and nameplates, must be carefully considered.4) Be disciplined and well organized so the design can be passed onto others for detailing or completion. This requires knowing how to delegate authority to optimize utilization of an organization’s resou rces.5) Respect simplicity and the fundamental knowledge of how and why things work. This will hasten the convergence process for a design and will help prevent oversights such as placing a measuring element far away from the process to be measured (Abbe error). It will also lead to the minimizing of design cost, manufacturing cost, functional errors, and embarrassment.6). Continually subject designs to value analysis in an effort to reduce cost with an equal or increased level of quality. Not only must the design be subject to value analysis, but the manufacturing and sales must be considered as integral parts of a successful design process. Thus the design engineer must also be knowledgeable in production and marketing skills.13 When developing your own personal design methodology, also consider some of the following common methods used by design engineers to develop solutions to design problems:1). Persistent questioning. By always asking “Why?” and “Can it be made simpler and better?” You will be less likely to settle for less than best, or to overlook a possible improvement.2). Known solutions. By analyzing known solutions to existing similar problems, one can often find a wheel that exists without having to reinvent it. This method also includes systematic analysis of variations of known solutions.3). Forward chaining. Start with a sketch of the problem depicting what you hope to accomplish and then form an expanding tree of ideas.4). Backward chaining. Start with what you know the complete design must look like and then trace back through all the elements that lead to the final design and scale and modify them accordingly. This procedure is usually used to develop manufacturing or process plans.14 The array of products that are designed in the world is so varied and complex that it is nearly impossible to list a comprehensive generic design plan that incorporates these concepts for a generic product.1什么是好的设计工程师？设计艺术形式不仅是实行这些天赋的人才，或者是一个严格的纪律，可以学到了什么？几乎所有人类涉及改变我们周围的环境，这是主要的设计都是；每一个人拥有的能力设计在一定程度上。
Measures and Effectiveness of Comprehensive Management of Small Watershed in YanchiCountyYuxiu WANGYanchi County Water Bureau,Yanchi,Ningxia,751500AbstractYanchi County has always regarded ecological construction as the foundation of the county.In view of the characteristics of soil erosion in the southern mountain areas of Yanchi County,Yanchi County has vigorously developed comprehensive control projects for small watersheds,and comprehensively applied engineering measures,forest and grass measures,and other measures of closure and control.It has effectively controlled soil erosion in small watersheds,improved the ecological environment,improved the land use rate,adjusted the rural industrial structure,and guided mountain agriculture to take a new path of fewer varieties,higher yields,more harvests and faster prosperity,with special planting of potato,buckwheat,small grains and oilseeds as the main industries.The ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit are remarkable,which deserve to be used for reference by similar areas.Key WordsSmall Watershed Comprehensive Management,Soil and Water Loss,Yanchi CountyDOI:10.18686/slgcsj.v1i2.622盐池县小流域综合治理举措及成效王玉秀盐池县水务局，宁夏盐池，751500摘要盐池县始终把生态建设作为立县之本，针对盐池县南部山区水土流失的特点，盐池县大力发展小流域综合治理项目，综合运用了工程措施、林草措施封禁治理等措施。
Discussion on the Deficiencies and Optimum Measures in Construction Management of WaterConservancy ProjectYong YINRiver Management Bureau of Tai'an City,Shandong Province,Taian,Shandong,271000AbstractAt present,the quality of construction management of water conservancy project is closely related to the quality of construction of water conservancy project,and it will directly affect the construction safety and construction cost.Therefore,it is necessary to attach great importance to the problems existing in the process of water conservancy construction management.At the present stage,there are still many problems in the construction management of water conservancy projects in our country,so the overall construction quality of water conservancy projects is easy to be affected.This paper analyses various problems existing in the management of water conservancy projects,among which the main problems are that the construction management system is not perfect,the preparatory work is insufficient,and the safety of the construction personnel is difficult to be guaranteed.In this case,timely measures should be taken to ensure the construction quality of water conservancy projects.Key WordsWater Conservancy Engineering,Construction Management,Insufficiency,Optimizing MeasuresDOI:10.18686/slgcsj.v1i2.626水利工程施工管理中不足及优化措施探讨殷勇山东省泰安市河道管理局，山东泰安，271000摘要现阶段水利工程施工管理质量和水利工程施工质量有着紧密的联系，而且会直接影响到施工安全和施工成本，所以需要高度重视水利施工管理过程中存在的各种问题。
为什么工程设计是工程的本质英语对话A: Why is engineering design the essence of engineering?B: Well, engineering design is the process of creating a plan or blueprint for a product, system or process. It is the foundation of engineering and the starting point of any project.A: I see. But why is it so important?A: So, it is like the backbone of engineering?B: Yes, e某actly. Without proper design, you cannot achieve good quality results. A well-designed product or system is efficient, effective, and reliable.A: What are the steps involved in engineering design?B: The design process includes analyzing the user's needs and requirements, defining the problem, generating ideas, creating a final design, and testing and evaluating the project.A: I see. And what skills are essential for an engineer to have for designing a project?A: That makes sense. What is the difference between engineering design and engineering analysis?B: Engineering design is focused on creating a product, system, or process. In contrast, engineering analysis is more about testing and evaluating the design to ensure that it meets the necessary requirements and standards.A: Got it. So, engineering design is the foundation of engineering, and it is essential to achieve good quality results in any project.B: Yes, that's correct. A well-designed product or system leads to increased functionality, better performance, and improved reliability. It is the key to success in any form of engineering.。
建筑工程专业英语词汇（1）建设建筑,修建to build, to con struct 建筑学architecture 修筑,建筑物buildi ng 房子house 摩天大楼skyscraper 公寓楼block of flats （美作：apartment block）纪念碑monument 宫殿palace 庙宇temple皇宫，教堂basilica 大教堂cathedral 教堂church 塔塔楼tower 十层办公大楼ten-storey office block柱column 柱列colonnade 拱arch 市政town planning （美作:city planning）营建许可证，建筑开工许可证buildi ng permissi on绿地greenbelt 建筑物的三面图elevati on设计图plan 比例尺scale 预制toprefabricate 挖土，掘土excavation 基foundations, base, subgrade 打地基to laythe foundations 砌好的砖歹U course ofbricks 脚手架scaffold, scaffolding 质量合格证书certificatio n of fitn ess原材料raw material 底板bottom plate 垫层cushion 侧壁sidewall 中心线center line 条形基础strip foot ing 附件accessories 型辛钢profile steel 钢板steel plate 熔渣slag 飞溅welding spatter 定位焊tacking 弓丨耳弧generating of arc 建筑工程专业英语词汇（2）充水试验filli ng water test 错边量unfitness of butt joint 底圈foundation ring 真空度检漏vacuum degree leak test 丁字焊缝tee welding 渗透探伤oil whiti ng test 充水试验filli ng water test 内侧角焊缝接头interior angle welding line joi nt 基础沉降foundation settlement 测量基准点datum mark 稳定性试验stability test 排气阀outlet valve 角钢angle steel 构件component part 机械损伤mecha ni cal damage 缩孑L shrinkage cavity 折迭enfoldment 碳钢管carb on steel tube 公称直径nominal diameter 预埋件embedded part 轴测图axonometric drawing 布置图arrangement diagram 氧乙炔气割oxyacetyle ne gas cutt ing 低合金钢管low alloy steel 热影响区heat affected area 修磨polish 砂轮片grinding wheel 等离子plasma panel 重皮coldlap 凹凸unevenness 缩口necking down 端面head face 倾斜偏差dip deviation 夕卜径external diameter 砂轮grinding wheel 管件pipe casting 单线图single line drawing 平齐parallel and level 两端two terminals 满扣buckle 螺栓紧固bolt on熄弧quenching of arc 焊道welding bead 坡口beveled edges 夕卜观检查visual in spect ion 重皮double-skin 水平方向弧度radia n in horiz on tai directio n成型molding直线度straightness accuracy 焊缝角变形welding line angular distortio n水平度levelness 铅垂度verticality 翘曲变形buckli ng deformation 角尺angle square 对接焊缝butt weld 母材pare nt metal 法兰密圭寸面flange seali ng surface夹层in terlayer 表面锈蚀浓度surface corrosion concen trati on挠曲变bending deformation 超声波探伤ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic exam in ati on压力容器pressure vessel 预制下料prefabricati on bait ing 排版直径set-typediameter 焊缝welding line 中幅板centerplate 测量方法measuri ng method 基准点datum mark 跳焊skip welding 允许偏差allowable variati on 补强板stiffening plate开孑L tapping对接接头banjo fixing butt jointing 角钢angle iron安装基准圆in stallati on fun dame ntal circle吊装立柱hoisti ng upright colu mn 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 向心斜拉筋cen tripetalcanting pull rope带板band plate 槽钢胀圈cha nnel steelexpa nsion ring 环口collar extension 局部变形local distortion 周边periphery 附加应力additio nal stress 同轴度axiality 平行度parallelism 随机stochastic 允许偏差allowable variati on 重直度verticality 水平度levelness 隔离盲板bli nd plate 氩弧焊argon arc welding 压盖螺栓gla nd bolt 间距spaci ng 有效期period of validity 担任take charge of undertake 焊条welding rod 碳钢焊条carbon steel 焊丝welding wire 熔化焊melting 钢丝steel wire 气体保护焊gas shielded arc weldi ng 烘干drying 清洗ablution 制度s ystem 焊接工艺weld ing procedure 相应corresponding 手工电弧焊manual electric arc weldi ng 手工钨极man ual tun gste n electrode 打底render 电源power source 交流alternating current 焊件weldment 管壁厚度pipe thick ness 对接焊缝butt weld 工件壁厚workpiece 飞溅物splash 沾污smirch 油污oil stain 细锉smooth file 铳刀milling cutter 氧化膜oxide film 脱脂处理un grease treatme nt] 棉质纤维cotton fibre 丙酮acet one 硫sulfur环缝circumferential weld顶板top plate 拱顶vault 顶板加强肋stiffening rib 对接butt joint 胎具clamping fixture卷板机plate bending rolls 中心支架cen terbeari ng bracket 椭圆度ovality 等分线bisectrix 搭接宽度lap width 点焊spotwelding 搭接焊overlap welding 对称symmetrically 螺旋爬梯cockle stairs 放料阀baiting valve 液位计content gauge 芬兰维萨拉Vailsla OY 美国美科"Met-coil, USA" 集中式空调系统centralized air con diti oning system裙房annex 热源heat source 平面位置的空间space of planimetric positi on密圭寸性能seali ng performa nee机房machine room 节点timing专业"profession or discipline 都可以，要根据上下文”连体法兰coupli ng flange 垂直井笼verticalwell cage 变风量variable air rate 施工面展开con struct ion un folds 违约行为non complia nee合同交底-contract presentation 管理承包商Manageme nt Con tractor party工程量work amount实施的形象进度progress of impleme ntation完工资料as-built docume ntatio n文整clear-up 审核review 汽车式起重机Autocra ne 深化图纸deepe n draw ing焊齐U welding flux 钢板steel plate 纵向焊缝Iongitudi nal weld Ion gitudi nal seam 筒节shell ring 圭寸头end socket 卷管reelpipe 强度试验stre ngth test 起弧arc starting 穿堂风draught 熔合fusion 反面reverse side 整体integral 圭寸堵block up 焊口weld bond 医用胶布medical proof fabric 高频high frequency 焊炬welding torch建筑工程专业英语词汇翻译（4）综合分析判断comprehensive analysis and judgeme nt变压器transformer 扌由芯loose core 过道aisle三相电容three phase capacitanee 芯棒core rod都市规划与土地开发Urban g and Land Developme nt社区开发及工业区开发Community Development and Industry Park Developme nt开发许可申请Developme nt Permit土地使用变更计划La nd Use Rezo ning Pla n 主要计划及细部计划Master Plan and Detail Pla n都市计划更新计划Urban Ren ewal Pla n都市设施Urban Desig n 建筑设施Architecture Desig n 大地工程Geotech ni cal Engin eeri ng 工址调查Site In vestigati on 现地试验与室内试验In-Situ and Laboratory Test 基础工程Foun dati on Desig n设备配置计戈U equipment furnishment pla n结构预埋配合阶段Structure pre-embedme nt assista neestage精装修阶段Fi ne fitme nt stage 工程施工阶段Con struct ion stage 工程竣工阶段Completio n stage 台钻Bench drill 冲击钻Churn drill手电钻Electric portable drill 砂轮切割机Abrasive cutt ing off mach ine 角钢卷圆机An gle iron rolli ng mach ine 管道切断器Pipe cutt ing mach ine 铜管调直机Copperpipe straighteningmach ine管道压槽机Book joint setting machine for pipes管道压槽机Book joint setting machine for pipes角向磨光机An gle polishi ng mach ine 电动套丝机Electric threadi ng mach ine 电动卷扬机Electric winch电动试压泵Motor-drive n pressure test pump手动试压泵Manual pressure test pump 阀门试压机Valve pressure test device 阀门试压机Valve pressure test device TDC(F)风管加工流水线TDC(F)air ductwork fabricati onstream line等离子切割机Plasma cutt ing mach ine TDC(F)法兰条成型机TDC(F) flange strip shap ing mill勾码成型机Forming machine for flange clampTDC(F)风管加工成型机TDC(F) duct fabrication shaping mill多普勒超声波流量检测仪Doppler ultras onic flow detector温、湿度传感器"Temperature, humidity sen or"精密声级计Precisi on sound level meter 风管漏风量测试仪、风室式漏风测试装置"Duct airleakagetester, airchamber air leakage testing深开挖工程及建物保护Deep Excavation and Building Protection新生地及软弱地层改良Reclamation and Soft Ground Improveme nt山坡地开发与水土保持Slope land Developme nt, Soil and Water Con servati on 潜盾隧道与岩石隧道Shield Tunnel and RockTu nnel大地工程施工顾问Geotech nical Co nstructio n Con sulta nt土壤材料试验Soil and Material结构工程Structural Engin eeri ng 各类钢筋混凝土、预力混凝土、钢结构及钢骨钢筋混凝土结构Structures of R.C.,Prestressed Con crete, Steel, and SRC 桥梁、高层建筑、地下结构物、隧道、深开挖挡土结构Bridges, High-Rise Buildings, Underground Structures, Tunnels, Retaining Structures for Deep Excavatio ns桥梁安全检测、评估及维修补强BridgeIn spect ion, Assessme nt, and Rehabilitati on 钢结构细部设计及制造图Steel Structural Detail Desig n and Shop Draw ings 厂房工程In dustrial Pla nt工业厂房-石化工厂、钢厂、电厂、气体厂、科技工业厂房、一般性厂房In dustrialPlants--Petroleum and Chemical, Steel, Power, Gas, High-Tech nical and Gen eral Pla nts 环保设施工厂-垃圾焚化厂、垃圾掩埋场、污水处理厂及相关管线Environment Protecting Plants--Incineration Plants, Garbage Disposal Plants, Waste Water Treatment Plants and Pipi ng System设备支撑结构、管架、操作平台Equipme nt Supporting Structures, Pipe Racks, Operating Platforms设备基础Equipme nt Foun dati ons 厂区一般土木及公共设施Ge neral Civil Works and Utilities of Pla nts运输工程Tran sportati on Engin eeri ng 运输规戈U Transportation Planning停车场设施工程规划、设计Engineering Planning & Desig n for Parking Facilities建筑交通维持计划Traffic Co ntrol &device"风卓式风量测试仪Air hood air rate tester微压计、毕托管、热球（电）风速仪"Microma no meter ,pitot tube, hot bulb （electrical）an emoscope"潜水泵Submerged pump 电动弯管机Electric pipe ben der 铜管弯管机Copper pipe ben der 液压弯管机Hydraulic pipe ben der 电动剪刀Electric clipper 液压铆钉钳Hydraulic rivet ing clamp 线槽电锯Trunking electric saw 开孑L器Tapper 电动空压机Electric air compressor 液压千斤顶Hydraulic jack 液压手推车Hydraulic trolley 焊条烘干箱Weldi ng rod dryi ng box 手拉胡户Chai n block 道（垫）木Sleeper 转速表Tachometer 电流钳型表Clip-style ammeter 压力表Pressure gauge 接地电阻测试仪Earth ing resista nee testi ng device氧气表Oxygen gauge 乙炔表Acetylene gauge 对讲机Walkie talkie 文件和资料docume nts and in formati on? 建设单位Con struct ion un it 安装单位In stallation unitz 建筑工程专业英语词汇翻译（3）送气air supply 电流衰减装置curre nt atte nu ati on 气体延时保护装置time delay熄弧quenching of arc 成型molding 钢印代号steel seal 质量分析quality an alysis 负责人principal 审批examine and approve 补焊工艺repair weldi ng 压缩机compression pump 平焊法兰welded flan ge 测试流程图test flow chart Man ageme nt duri ng Con struct ion水利及港湾工程Hydraulic and Harbor Engin eeri ng营建管理Con struct ion Man ageme nt估价及工程预算制作Estimates and Engin eeri ng Budget Works营建管理Con struct ion Man ageme nt 工程监造Con struct ion Supervisi on 施工计划Con struction Pla n 工程进度控管Schedule Control during Con struct ion施工规戈U Con struct ion Specificati ons 环境工程En viro nmen tal Engin eeri ng 环境影响评估Environment ImpactAssessme nt环境监测En viro nmen tal Mon itori ng地下水监测系统Grou ndwater Mon itori ng污水处理厂Wastewater Treatme nt Pla nt 污水下水道Sewage System 噪音振动防治Noise and Vibratio n垃圾焚化厂兴建工程Waste Incin erator废弃物处理系统工程Waste Treatment & Disposal共同管道Com mon Ducts管道及附属设施之规划设计Planning and Design of Common Ducts Structures and Subsidiary Facilities经济效益分析Economic and Efficiency An alysis财务评估Fi nan cial Evaluation 管理维护办法及组织订定Regulation for the Man ageme nt. Maintenance and Orga ni zati on电力复合脂electric force compo un ded grease 电缆敷设cable layi ng 电缆槽架cable channel主干线trunk line 弯头angle fitting 录9落处exfoliation 银粉aluminum powder 支持点support point 拆装disassembly and assembly 畅通smooth 电压等级electric pressure 通断实验on off加固措施rei nforceme nt measure 校验verify 升压boost pressure 读数off scale reading 满刻度值full-scale value 盲板blind plate 压力表pressure meter 强度intensity 目测eye survey, visiual inspection 半径radius 公式formula 管路pipeline 严密性leakproofness 导电膏conductive paste 压接compression joint 地上连接overgr ound 埋深buried depth 接地线earth wire 说明description 分线盒junction box 接地装置earth ing deivce 交叉across 塑料保护管protection tube 塑料带plastic tape 防腐处理preservative treatme nt 接地极earthing pole 接地电阻测试earth resista nee 防雷接地light ning protect ion 遵守comply with 避雷网light ning conduction 引下线down lead 搭接焊overlap welding 避雷针lightning rod 镀锌制品zinc coat ing 断接卡break ing of con tact 电阻resista nee 配电装置power distribution equipment 集中接地装置cen tralized串联cascade connection 干线联接main line 并歹U paratactic 单独solely 机组machine set 终端头terminals 余度remaining 标记牌notice plate 表册statistical forms 电缆桥架cable test ing bridge 电机electric machine 相对湿度relative humidity 杂物sun dries 耐压试验withstand voltage test 照明器具ligth ing parapher nalia 铭牌nameplate 验收规范accepta nee specificati on 接线wire splice 试运test run 进线口incoming line 带电electrified 盘车转子jigger rotor 二次回路sec ondary circuit 中心线center line 触头contactor 配电power distribution 成套whole set 楼板floor slab 备件duplicate part, spare part 包装packing 器材equipment 导线con duct ing wire 脱落fall off 规范specification 电器electrical applianee 断路器line breaker 机械联锁mecha ni cal in terlock ing 碰撞collision 轻便portable。
Engineering Design and Analysis Engineering Design and Analysis is a crucial aspect of any engineering project. It involves the application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, analyze, and evaluate the performance of various systems. This process requires a deep understanding of the problem at hand, the available resources, and thedesired outcome. In this response, I will discuss the importance of engineering design and analysis from multiple perspectives. From an engineering perspective, design and analysis are the foundation of any successful project. It allows engineers to identify the requirements and constraints of a system, develop potential solutions, and evaluate their feasibility. By thoroughly analyzing the design options, engineers can optimize the performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the system. This ensures that the final product meets the desired specifications and performs as intended. Moreover, engineering design andanalysis also play a crucial role in risk management. By identifying potentialrisks and uncertainties early in the design process, engineers can develop strategies to mitigate them. This includes conducting thorough analyses, such as failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA), to identify potential failure modes and their consequences. By addressing these risks proactively, engineers can enhance the safety and reliability of the system. From a business perspective, engineering design and analysis are essential for ensuring the competitiveness and profitability of a company. By optimizing the design, engineers can reduce production costs, improve energy efficiency, and enhance product performance. This can give a company a competitive advantage in the market, leading to increased sales and customer satisfaction. Additionally, by conducting thorough analyses, engineers can identify potential design flaws or inefficiencies before the product is manufactured, saving both time and money. Furthermore, engineering design and analysis also have significant societal impacts. By developing sustainable and environmentally friendly designs, engineers canminimize the negative impacts on the environment. This includes reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste generation, and using eco-friendly materials. Additionally, engineering design and analysis can also contribute to the development of innovative solutions to societal challenges, such as renewableenergy systems, efficient transportation networks, and clean water technologies. In conclusion, engineering design and analysis are crucial for the success of any engineering project. From an engineering perspective, it allows for the optimization of system performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. From a business perspective, it ensures competitiveness and profitability. From a societal perspective, it contributes to sustainability and the development of innovative solutions. Therefore, it is essential for engineers to invest time and effort in the design and analysis phase of a project to ensure its success and positive impact.。
