数据库方面中英文对照

原文：Planning the DatabaseIt is important to plan how the logical storage structure of the database will affect system performance and various database management operations. For example, before creating any tablespaces for your database, you should know how many data files will make up the tablespace,what type of information will be stored in each tablespace, and on which disk drives the datafiles will be physically stored. When planning the overall logical storage of the database structure, take into account the effects that this structure will have when the database is actually created and running.You may have database objects that have special storage requirements dueto type or size.In distributed database environments, this planning stage is extremely important. The physical location of frequently accessed data dramatically affects application performance.During the planning stage, develop a backup strategy for the database. You can alter the logical storage structure or design of the database to improve backup efficiency. Backup strategies are introduced in a later lesson.These are the types of questions and considerations, which you will encounter as a DBA, and this course (in its entirety) is designed to help you answer them.Databases: ExamplesDifferent types of databases have their own specific instance and storage requirements. YourOracle database software includes templates for the creation of these different types of databases.Characteristics of these examples are the following:• Data Warehouse: Store data for long periods and retrieve them in read operations.• Transaction Processing: Accommodate many, but usually small, transactions.• General Purpose: Work with transactions and store them for a medium length of time.Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)You can use the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to create, change the configuration of, or delete a database. You can also create a database from a list of predefined templates or use an existing database as a sample to create a new database or template. This is sometimes referred to as “database cloning.”You can invoke the DBCA by performing the following steps:1. Log on to your computer as a member of the administrative group that is authorized to install the Oracle software.2. If required, set environment variables.3. Enter dbca to invoke the DBCA.4. Click Next to continue.DBCA offers you a choice of assisting with several operations, for example, creating a database.Using the DBCA to Create a DatabaseYou can use the DBCA to create a database as follows:1. Select Create a Database on the DBCA Operations page to invoke a wizard that enables you to configure and create a database.The wizard prompts you to provide configuration information as outlined in the steps that follow. On most pages, the wizard provides a default setting that you can accept.2. Select the type of database template to be used in creating the database. There aretemplates for Data Warehouse, General Purpose, and Transaction Processing databases that copy a preconfigured database, including data files. These data files include control files,redo log files, and data files for various included tablespaces.Click Show Details to see the configuration for each type of database.For more complex environments, you may want to select the Custom Database option. Password ManagementAfter the DBCA finishes, note the following information for future reference:• Location of installation log files (see A)• Global database name (see B)• System identifier (SID) (see B)• Server parameter file name and location (see B)• Enterpr ise Manager URL (see C)Click Password Management to unlock database accounts that you plan to use.Provide apassword when you unlock an account.Creating a Database Design TemplateA template is a predefined database definition that you use as a starting point for a new database.If you do not create a template as part of the database creation process, you can do it anytime by invoking the DBCA. You have three ways to create a template: • From an existing template• From an existing database (structure only)• From an existing database (structure as well as data)The DBCA guides you through the steps to create a database design template.Using the DBCA to Delete a DatabaseTo delete (or configure) a database in UNIX or Linux, you must set ORACLE_SID in the shell from which DBCA is launched. Start the DBCA by entering dbca in a terminal window, and click Next on the Welcome page. To delete the database, perform the following steps:1. On the Operations page, select Delete a Database, and click Next.2. Select the database that you want to delete (in class, hist), and click Finish.3. Click Yes to confirm your deletion.Using the DBCA to Delete a Database (continued)Dropping a database involves removing its data files, redo log files, control files, and initialization parameter files. The DROP DATABASE statement deletes all control files and all other database files listed in the control file. To use the DROP DATABASE statement successfully,all the following conditions must apply:The database must be mounted and closed.The database must be mounted exclusively—not in shared mode.The database must be mounted as RESTRICTED.An example of this statement is:DROP DATABASE;The DROP DATABASE statement has no effect on archived log files nor does it have any effect on copies or backups of the database. It is best to use Recovery Manager (RMAN) to delete such files. If the database is on raw disks, then the actual raw disk special files are not deleted.Management FrameworkThere are three major components of the Oracle database management framework: • The database instance that is being managed• A listener that allows connections to the database• The management interface. This may be either a management agent running onthe database server (which connects it to Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control) or the stand-alone Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. This is also referred to as Database Console.Each of these components must be explicitly started before you can use the services of the component and must be shut down cleanly when shutting down the server hosting the Oracle database.The first component to be started is the management interface. After this is activated, the management interface can be used to start the other components. Starting and Stopping Database ControlOracle provides a stand-alone management console called Database Control for databases that are not connected to the Grid Control framework. Each database that is managed with Database Control has a separate Database Control installation, and from any one Database Control, you can manage only one database. Before using Database Control, ensure that a dbconsole process is started.To start the dbconsole process, use the following command:emctl start dbconsole To stop the dbconsole process, use the following command:emctl stop dbconsole To view the status of the dbconsole process, use the following command:emctl status dbconsole.Note: You may need to navigate to your $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory if this directory is not in your operating system (OS) path.Database Control uses a server-side agent process. This agent process automatically starts and stops when the dbconsole process is started or stopped.译文：规划数据库规划如何对数据库的逻辑存储结构将影响系统的性能和各种数据库管理操作是非常重要的。

单词汇总(数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容,在这里简单列一下,如果你实在没时间看书,至少这些单词要熟悉.)：1. 数据库系统：database system(DS),database management system(DBMS)2.数据库系统(DS),数据库治理系统(DBMS )3. 关系和关系数据库table= relation , column = attribute 属性,domain, atomic domain, row= tuple ,relational database, relation schema, relation instance, database schema, database instance;4.表=关系,列=属性属性,域,原子域,排二元组,关系型数据库,关系模式,关系实例,数据库模式,数据库实例；1. key 们：super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referenced relation;2.超码,候选码,主码,外码,参照关系,被参照关系5.关系代数(relational algebra): selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations, union, intersect, set difference( except\minus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus6.(关系代数)：选择,工程,自然连接,笛卡尔积,集合运算,集,交集,集合差(除负),重命名,分配,外连接,分组,元组关系演算7.sql组成：DDL ：数据库模式定义语言,关键字：createDML ：数据操纵语言,关键字：Insert > delete、updateDCL ：数据库限制语言,关键字：grant、removeDQL ：数据库查询语言,关键字：select8.3.SQL 语言：DDL , DML , DCL , QL , sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries, exists(as an operator), unique(as anoperator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking , grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored function4.SQL语言：DDL , DML , DCL , QL , SQL查询结构,聚合函数,嵌套子查询,存在(如运营商),独特的(如运营商),标量子查询,断言指数(指数),目录,授权,所有权限,授予,撤销,GRANT OPTION ,触发器,存储过程,存储函数9. 表结构相关：Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints10.完整性约束,域名约束,参照完整性约束5.数据库设计(ER 模型)：Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute, single-valued and multivalued attribute,derived attribute, binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality, 1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discriminator attributes, specialization and generalization6.实体关系数据模型,ER图,复合属性,单值和多值属性,派生属性,二元关系集,关系集,映射基数的程度,1-1, 1-米,MN关系集合(一对一,一对多,多对多),参与局部或全部参与,弱实体集,分辨符属性,特化和概化11. 函数依赖理论：functional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition,First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation 保持依赖,Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies 函数依赖集的闭包,closure of a set of attributes 属性集闭包,Armstrong 's axioms Armstrong 公理,reflexivity rule 自反律,augmentation rule,增广率, transitivity 传递律,restriction of F to R i F 在Ri 上的限定,canonical cover 正那么覆盖, extraneous attributes 无关属性,decomposition algorithm 分解算法.7.函数依赖,标准化,无损连接〔或无损〕分解,第一范式〔1NF〕,第三范式〔3NF〕 BC范式〔BCNF〕, R满足F, F持有R,依赖保存,平凡,一组函数依赖封闭,一组属性,8. 事务：transition, ACID properties ACID特性,并发限制系统concurrency control system,故障恢复系统recovery system,事务状态transition state,活动的active,局部提交的partiallycommitted,失败的failed,中止的aborted,提交的committed,已结束的terminated,调度schedule,操作冲突conflict of operations, 冲突等价conflict equivalence,冲突可串彳f化conflictserializablity ,可串行化顺序serializablity order,联级回滚cascading rollback,封锁协议lockingprotocol ,共享〔S〕锁shared-mode lock 〔S-lock〕,排他〔X〕锁exclusive -mode lock 〔X-lock〕, 相容卜i compatibility,两阶段封锁协议2-phase locking protocol,意向锁intention lock,时间戳timestamp, 恢复机制recovery scheme,日志log, 基于日志的恢复log-based recovery, 延迟的修改deferredmodification,立即的修改immediate modification,检查点checkpoint.数据库系统DBS Database System数据库系统应用Database system applications文件处理系统file-processing system数据不一致性data inconsistency——致性约束consistency constraint数据抽象Data Abstraction实例instance模式schema物理模式physical schema逻辑模式logical schema物理数据独立性physical data independence数据方^型data model实体-联系模型entity-relationship model 〔E-R〕关系数据模型relational data model基于对象的数据模型object-based data model半结构化数据模型semistructured data model数据库语言database language数据定义语言data-definition language数据操纵语言data-manipulation language查询语言query language元数据metadata应用程序application program标准化normalization数据字典data dictionary存储治理器storage manager查询治理器query processor事务transaction原子性atomicity故障恢复failure recovery并发限制concurrency-control两层和三层数据库体系结构two-tier/three-tier数据才2掘data mining数据库治理员DBA database administrator表table关系relation元组tuple空值null value数据库模式database schema数据库实例database instance关系模式relation schema关系实例relation instance码keys超码super key候选码candidate key主码primary key外码foreign key参照关系referencing relation被参照关系referenced relation属性attribute域domain原子域atomic domain参照完整性约束referential integrity constraint模式图schema diagram查询语言query language过程化语言procedural language非过程化语言nonprocedural language关系运算operations on relations选择元组selection of tuples选择属性selection of attributes自然连接natural join笛卡尔积Cartesian product集合运算set operations关系代数relational algebraSQL 查询语言SQL query structureSelect 字句select clauseFrom 字句from clauseWhere 字句where clause自然连接运算natural join operationAs 字句as clauseOrder by 字句order by clause相关名称 (相关变量,元组变量) correlation name (correlation variable , tuple variable ) 集合运算set operationsUnionInterestExcept空值null values真值"unknown " truth “ unknown 〞聚集函数aggregate functionsavg, min, max, sum, countgroup byhaving嵌套子查询nested subqueries集合比拟set comparisons{ «,? 二 ,〉〉,?=}{some , all}existsuniquelateral 字句lateral clausewith 字句with clause标量子查询scalar subquery数据库彳修改database modification删除deletion插入insertion更新updating参照完整性referential integrity参照完整T约束referential Hntegrity constraint 或子集依赖subset dependency 可延迟的deferrable断言assertion连接类型join types内连接和夕卜连接inner and outer join左外连接、右外连接和全外连接left、right and full outer joinNatural连接条件、using连接条件和on连接条件natural using and so on 视图定义view definition物化视图materialized views视图更新view update事务transactions提交commit work回滚roll back work原子事务atomic transaction完整性约束integrity constraints域约束domain constraints唯——性约束unique constraintCheck 字句check clause参照完整性referential integrity级联删除cascading delete级联更新cascading updates断言assertions日期和时间类型date and time types默认值default values索弓I index大对象large object用户定义类型user-defined types域domains目录catalogs模式schemas授权authorization权卜M privileges选择select插入insert更新update所有权限all privileges授予权卜M granting of privileges收回权卜M revoking of privileges授予权限的权限privileges to privilegesGrant option角色roles视图授权authorization on views执行授权execute authorization调用者权限invoker privileges行级授权row-level authorizationJDBCODBC预备语句prepared statements 访问元数据accessing metadata SQL 注入SQL injection 嵌入式SQL embedded SQL 游标cursors 可更新的游标updatable cursors 动态SQL dynamic SQL SQL 函数SQL functions 存储过程stored procedures 过程化结构procedural constructs夕卜部语言例程external language routines触发器triggerBefore 和after 触发器before and after triggers过渡变量和过渡表transition variables and tables递归查询recursive queries单调查询monotonic queries排名函数ranking functionsRankDense rankPartition by分窗windowing联机分析处理〔OLAP 〕 online analytical processing多维数据multidimensional data度量属性measure attributes维属性dimension attributes转轴pivoting数据立方体data cube切片和切块slicing and dicing上卷和下钻rollup and drill down交叉表cross-tabulation第七章实体-联系数据模型Entity-relationship data model实体和实体集entity and entity set属性attribute域domain简单和复合属T生simple and composite attributes单值和多值属T生single-valued and multivalued attributes空值null value派生属性derived attribute超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key联系和联系集relationship and relationship set二元联系集binary relationship set联系集的度degree of relationship set描述性属性descriptive attributes超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key角色role自环联系集recursive relationship setE-R 图E-R diagram映射基数mapping cardinality——对——联系one-to-one relationship——对多联系one-to-many relationship多对——联系many-to-one relationship多对多联系many-to-many relationship参与participation全部参与total participation局部参与partial participation弱实体集和强实体集weak entity sets and strong entity sets分辨符属性discriminator attributes标识联系identifying relationship特化和概化specialization and generalization超类和子类superclass and subclass属性继承attribute inheritance单和多继承single and multiple inheritance条件定义的和用户定义的成员资格condition-defined and userdefined membership 不相交概化和重叠概化disjoint and overlapping generalization全部概化和局部概化total and partial generalization聚集aggregationUMLUML 类图UML class diagram第八章E-R 模型和标准化E-R model and normalization分解decomposition函数依赖functional dependencies无损分解lossless decomposition原子域atomic domains第一范式(1NF) first normal form(1NF)合法关系legal relations超码super keyR 满足 F R satisfies FF在R上成立 F holds on RBoyce-Codd 范式BCNF Boyce-Codd normal form(BCNF)保持依赖dependency preservation第三范式(3NF) third normal form(3NF)平凡的函数依赖thivial functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包closure of a set of functional dependenciesArmstrong 公理Armstrong s axioms属性集闭包closure of attribute setsF 在Ri 上的限定restriction of F to Ri正贝 1 覆盖canonical cover无关属T生extraneous attributesBCNF 分解算法BCNF decomposition algorithm3NF 分解算法3NF decomposition algorithm多值依赖multivalued dependencies第四范式(4NF) fourth normal form(4NF)多值依赖的限定restriction of a multivalued independency投影-连接范式(PJNF) project-join normal form(PJNF)域-码范式(DKNF ) domain-key normal form(DKNF)泛关系universal relation唯一角色假设unique-role assumption 去标准化denormalization。

数据库概论A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregates of data.一个数据库由一个文件或文件集合组成。

这些文件中的信息可分解成一个个记录，每个记录有一个或多个域。

域是数据存储的基本单位，每个域一般含有由数据库描述的属于实体的一个方面或一个特性的信息。

用户使用键盘和各种排序命令，能够快速查找、重排、分组并在查找的许多记录中选择相应的域，建立特定集上的报表。

Database records and files must be organized to allow retrieval of the information. Early systems were arranged sequentially (i.e., alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically); the development of direct-access storage devices made possible random access to data via indexes. Queries are the main way users retrieve database information. Typically, the user provides a string of characters, and the computer searches the database for a corresponding sequence and provides the source materials in which those characters appear. A user can request, for example, all records in which the content of the field for a pe rson’s last name is the word Smith.数据库记录和文件的组织必须确保能对信息进行检索。

中英文对照外文翻译Database Management SystemsA database (sometimes spelled data base) is also called an electronic database , referring to any collection of data, or information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval , modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data-processing operations .Databases can be stored on magnetic disk or tape, optical disk, or some other secondary storage device.A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage , and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database . Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search , rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregate of data.Complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases .The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating ,accessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.. (These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.)A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements form the database. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports. These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined ,but people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers.A database management system (DBMS) is composed of three major parts:(1)a storage subsystemthat stores and retrieves data in files;(2) a modeling and manipulation subsystem that provides the means with which to organize the data and to add , delete, maintain, and update the data;(3)and an interface between the DBMS and its users. Several major trends are emerging that enhance the value and usefulness of database management systems;Managers: who require more up-to-data information to make effective decisionCustomers: who demand increasingly sophisticated information services and more current information about the status of their orders, invoices, and accounts.Users: who find that they can develop custom applications with database systems in a fraction of the time it takes to use traditional programming languages.Organizations : that discover information has a strategic value; they utilize their database systems to gain an edge over their competitors.The Database ModelA data model describes a way to structure and manipulate the data in a database. The structural part of the model specifies how data should be represented(such as tree, tables, and so on ).The manipulative part of the model specifies the operation with which to add, delete, display, maintain, print, search, select, sort and update the data.Hierarchical ModelThe first database management systems used a hierarchical model-that is-they arranged records into a tree structure. Some records are root records and all others have unique parent records. The structure of the tree is designed to reflect the order in which the data will be used that is ,the record at the root of a tree will be accessed first, then records one level below the root ,and so on.The hierarchical model was developed because hierarchical relationships are commonly found in business applications. As you have known, an organization char often describes a hierarchical relationship: top management is at the highest level, middle management at lower levels, and operational employees at the lowest levels. Note that within a strict hierarchy, each level of management may have many employees or levels of employees beneath it, but each employee has only one manager. Hierarchical data are characterized by this one-to-many relationship among data.In the hierarchical approach, each relationship must be explicitly defined when the database is created. Each record in a hierarchical database can contain only one key field and only one relationship is allowed between any two fields. This can create a problem because data do not always conform to such a strict hierarchy.Relational ModelA major breakthrough in database research occurred in 1970 when E. F. Codd proposed a fundamentally different approach to database management called relational model ,which uses a table asits data structure.The relational database is the most widely used database structure. Data is organized into related tables. Each table is made up of rows called and columns called fields. Each record contains fields of data about some specific item. For example, in a table containing information on employees, a record would contain fields of data such as a person’s last name ,first name ,and street address.Structured query language(SQL)is a query language for manipulating data in a relational database .It is nonprocedural or declarative, in which the user need only specify an English-like description that specifies the operation and the described record or combination of records. A query optimizer translates the description into a procedure to perform the database manipulation.Network ModelThe network model creates relationships among data through a linked-list structure in which subordinate records can be linked to more than one parent record. This approach combines records with links, which are called pointers. The pointers are addresses that indicate the location of a record. With the network approach, a subordinate record can be linked to a key record and at the same time itself be a key record linked to other sets of subordinate records. The network mode historically has had a performance advantage over other database models. Today , such performance characteristics are only important in high-volume ,high-speed transaction processing such as automatic teller machine networks or airline reservation system.Both hierarchical and network databases are application specific. If a new application is developed ,maintaining the consistency of databases in different applications can be very difficult. For example, suppose a new pension application is developed .The data are the same, but a new database must be created.Object ModelThe newest approach to database management uses an object model , in which records are represented by entities called objects that can both store data and provide methods or procedures to perform specific tasks.The query language used for the object model is the same object-oriented programming language used to develop the database application .This can create problems because there is no simple , uniform query language such as SQL . The object model is relatively new, and only a few examples of object-oriented database exist. It has attracted attention because developers who choose an object-oriented programming language want a database based on an object-oriented model. Distributed DatabaseSimilarly , a distributed database is one in which different parts of the database reside on physically separated computers . One goal of distributed databases is the access of informationwithout regard to where the data might be stored. Keeping in mind that once the users and their data are separated , the communication and networking concepts come into play .Distributed databases require software that resides partially in the larger computer. This software bridges the gap between personal and large computers and resolves the problems of incompatible data formats. Ideally, it would make the mainframe databases appear to be large libraries of information, with most of the processing accomplished on the personal computer.A drawback to some distributed systems is that they are often based on what is called a mainframe-entire model , in which the larger host computer is seen as the master and the terminal or personal computer is seen as a slave. There are some advantages to this approach . With databases under centralized control , many of the problems of data integrity that we mentioned earlier are solved . But today’s personal computers, departmental computers, and distributed processing require computers and their applications to communicate with each other on a more equal or peer-to-peer basis. In a database, the client/server model provides the framework for distributing databases.One way to take advantage of many connected computers running database applications is to distribute the application into cooperating parts that are independent of one anther. A client is an end user or computer program that requests resources across a network. A server is a computer running software that fulfills those requests across a network . When the resources are data in a database ,the client/server model provides the framework for distributing database.A file serve is software that provides access to files across a network. A dedicated file server is a single computer dedicated to being a file server. This is useful ,for example ,if the files are large and require fast access .In such cases, a minicomputer or mainframe would be used as a file server. A distributed file server spreads the files around on individual computers instead of placing them on one dedicated computer.Advantages of the latter server include the ability to store and retrieve files on other computers and the elimination of duplicate files on each computer. A major disadvantage , however, is that individual read/write requests are being moved across the network and problems can arise when updating files. Suppose a user requests a record from a file and changes it while another user requests the same record and changes it too. The solution to this problems called record locking, which means that the first request makes others requests wait until the first request is satisfied . Other users may be able to read the record, but they will not be able to change it .A database server is software that services requests to a database across a network. For example, suppose a user types in a query for data on his or her personal computer . If the application is designed with the client/server model in mind ,the query language part on the personal computer simple sends the query across the network to the database server and requests to be notified when the data are found.Examples of distributed database systems can be found in the engineering world. Sun’s Network Filing System(NFS),for example, is used in computer-aided engineering applications to distribute data among the hard disks in a network of Sun workstation.Distributing databases is an evolutionary step because it is logical that data should exist at the location where they are being used . Departmental computers within a large corporation ,for example, should have data reside locally , yet those data should be accessible by authorized corporate management when they want to consolidate departmental data . DBMS software will protect the security and integrity of the database , and the distributed database will appear to its users as no different from the non-distributed database .In this information age, the data server has become the heart of a company. This one piece of software controls the rhythm of most organizations and is used to pump information lifeblood through the arteries of the network. Because of the critical nature of this application, the data server is also the one of the most popular targets for hackers. If a hacker owns this application, he can cause the company's "heart" to suffer a fatal arrest.Ironically, although most users are now aware of hackers, they still do not realize how susceptible their database servers are to hack attacks. Thus, this article presents a description of the primary methods of attacking database servers (also known as SQL servers) and shows you how to protect yourself from these attacks.You should note this information is not new. Many technical white papers go into great detail about how to perform SQL attacks, and numerous vulnerabilities have been posted to security lists that describe exactly how certain database applications can be exploited. This article was written for the curious non-SQL experts who do not care to know the details, and as a review to those who do use SQL regularly.What Is a SQL Server?A database application is a program that provides clients with access to data. There are many variations of this type of application, ranging from the expensive enterprise-level Microsoft SQL Server to the free and open source mySQL. Regardless of the flavor, most database server applications have several things in common.First, database applications use the same general programming language known as SQL, or Structured Query Language. This language, also known as a fourth-level language due to its simplistic syntax, is at the core of how a client communicates its requests to the server. Using SQL in its simplest form, a programmer can select, add, update, and delete information in a database. However, SQL can also be used to create and design entire databases, perform various functions on the returned information, and even execute other programs.To illustrate how SQL can be used, the following is an example of a simple standard SQL query and a more powerful SQL query:Simple: "Select * from dbFurniture.tblChair"This returns all information in the table tblChair from the database dbFurniture.Complex: "EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'dir c:\'"This short SQL command returns to the client the list of files and folders under the c:\ directory of the SQL server. Note that this example uses an extended stored procedure that is exclusive to MS SQL Server.The second function that database server applications share is that they all require some form of authenticated connection between client and host. Although the SQL language is fairly easy to use, at least in its basic form, any client that wants to perform queries must first provide some form of credentials that will authorize the client; the client also must define the format of the request and response.This connection is defined by several attributes, depending on the relative location of the client and what operating systems are in use. We could spend a whole article discussing various technologies such as DSN connections, DSN-less connections, RDO, ADO, and more, but these subjects are outside the scope of this article. If you want to learn more about them, a little Google'ing will provide you with more than enough information. However, the following is a list of the more common items included in a connection request.Database sourceRequest typeDatabaseUser IDPasswordBefore any connection can be made, the client must define what type of database server it is connecting to. This is handled by a software component that provides the client with the instructions needed to create the request in the correct format. In addition to the type of database, the request type can be used to further define how the client's request will be handled by the server. Next comes the database name and finally the authentication information.All the connection information is important, but by far the weakest link is the authentication information—or lack thereof. In a properly managed server, each database has its own users with specifically designated permissions that control what type of activity they can perform. For example, a user account would be set up as read only for applications that need to only access information. Another account should be used for inserts or updates, and maybe even a third account would be used for deletes.This type of account control ensures that any compromised account is limited in functionality. Unfortunately, many database programs are set up with null or easy passwords, which leads to successful hack attacks.译文数据库管理系统介绍数据库（database,有时拼作data base）又称为电子数据库，是专门组织起来的一组数据或信息，其目的是为了便于计算机快速查询及检索。

DBA词典：数据库设计常用词汇中英文对照表1. Access method（访问方法）：此步骤包括从文件中存储和检索记录。

2. Alias（别名）：某属性的另一个名字。

在SQL中，可以用别名替换表名。

3. Alternate keys（备用键，ER/关系模型）：在实体/表中没有被选为主健的候选键。

4. Anomalies（异常）参见更新异常（update anomalies）5. Application design（应用程序设计）：数据库应用程序生命周期的一个阶段，包括设计用户界面以及使用和处理数据库的应用程序。

6. Attribute（属性）（关系模型）：属性是关系中命名的列。

7. Attribute（属性）（ER模型）：实体或关系中的一个性质。

8. Attribute inheritance（属性继承）：子类成员可以拥有其特有的属性，并且继承那些与超类有关的属性的过程。

9. Base table（基本表）：一个命名的表，其记录物理的存储在数据库中。

10. Binary relationship（二元关系）：一个ER术语，用于描述两个实体间的关系。

例如，panch Has Staff。

11. Bottom-up approach（自底向上方法）：用于数据库设计，一种设计方法学，他从标识每个设计组建开始，然后将这些组件聚合成一个大的单元。

在数据库设计中，可以从表示属性开始底层设计，然后将这些属性组合在一起构成代表实体和关系的表。

12. Business rules（业务规则）：由用户或数据库的管理者指定的附加规则。

13. Candidate key（候选键，ER关系模型）：仅包含唯一标识实体所必须得最小数量的属性/列的超键。

14. Cardinality（基数）：描述每个参与实体的可能的关系数目。

15. Centralized approach（集中化方法,用于数据库设计）：将每个用户试图的需求合并成新数据库应用程序的一个需求集合16. Chasm trap（深坑陷阱）：假设实体间存在一根，但某些实体间不存在通路。

数据库相关单词AACM ( Association for Computing Machinery )[ə,səusi'eiʃən] 美国计算机协会access ['ækses] 存取、访问Toolbars provide experienced users fast access to frequently used functions.工具栏为有经验的用户提供快速访问常用功能的途径。

active ['æktiv] 活跃的Make the next split view the active one.使下一分割视图成为活跃视图。

argument ['ɑ:gjumənt] 参数Invalid function argument value, type or count.无效的函数参数值,类型或个数.argument list 参数列表alter ['ɔ:ltə] v.修改To alter a part of an instruction or routine.改变指令或例行程序中的某一部分。

appraisal [ə'preizəl] 评估，评价Appraisal is an important part of teaching activity.评价是教学活动的重要组成部分。

Bbetween [bi'twi:n] 在...之间between eight and twelve o'clock在8点和12点钟之间Ccascade [kæs'keid] 级联All relations may not involve a cascade deletion.不是所有的事物都能使用级联删除。

clob [klɔb] 字符大对象(CLOB)是变长字符串，最大长度2G。

用于存储大的单字节字符集数据。

字符数据count [kaunt] 计算，计数Invalid function argument value, type or count.无效的函数参数值,类型或个数.context area 上下文compile [kəm'pail] 编译Generally speaking, a constant expression is an expression that the compiler can evaluate at compile-time.一般来说，常量表达式是编译器在编译时就能够计算出结果的表达式。

Database FundamentalsIntroduction to DBMSA database management system (DBMS) is an important type of programming system, used today on the biggest and the smallest computers. As for other major forms of system software, such as compilers and operating systems, a well-understood set of principles for database management systems has developed over the years, and these concepts are useful both for understanding how to use these systems effectively and for designing and implementing DBMS's. DBMS is a collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMS's, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.There are two qualities that distinguish database management systems from other sorts of programming systems.1) The ability to manage persistent data, and2) The ability to access large amounts of data efficiently.Point 1) merely states that there is a database which exists permanently; the content of this database is the data that a DBMS accesses and manages. Point 2) distinguishes a DBMS from a file system, which also manages persistent data.A DBMS's capabilities are needed most when the amount of data is very large, because for small amounts of data, simple access techniques, such as linear scans of the data, are usually adequate.While we regard the above two properties of a DBMS as fundamental, there are a number of other capabilities that are almost universally found in commercial DBMS's. These are:(1) Support for at least one data model, or mathematical abstraction through which the user can view the data.(2) Support for certain high-level languages that allow the user to define the structure of data, access data, and manipulate data.(3) Transaction management, the capability to provide correct, concurrent access to the database by many users at once.(4) Access control, the ability to limit access to data by unauthorized users, and the ability to check the validity of data.(5) Resiliency, the ability to recover from system failures without losing data.Data Models Each DBMS provides at least one abstract model of data that allows the user to see information not as raw bits, but in more understandable terms.In fact, it is usually possible to see data at several levels of abstraction. At a relatively low level, a DBMS commonly allows us to visualize data as composed of files.Efficient File Access The ability to store a file is not remarkable: the file system associated with any operating system does that. The capability of a DBMS is seen when we access the data of a file. For example, suppose we wish to find the manager of employee "Clark Kent". If the company has thousands of employees, It is very expensive to search the entire file to find the one with NAME="Clark Kent". A DBMS helps us to set up "index files," or "indices," that allow us to access the record for "Clark Kent" in essentially one stroke no matter how large the file is. Likewise, insertion of new records or deletion of old ones can be accomplished in time that is small and essentially constant, independent of the file length. Another thing a DBMS helps us do is navigate among files, that is, to combine values in two or more files to obtain the information we want.Query Languages To make access to files easier, a DBMS provides a query language, or data manipulation language, to express operations on files. Query languages differ in the level of detail they require of the user, with systems based on the relational data model generally requiring less detail than languages based on other models.Transaction Management Another important capability of a DBMS is the ability to manage simultaneously large numbers of transactions, which are procedures operating on the database. Some databases are so large that they can only be useful if they are operated upon simultaneously by many computers: often these computers are dispersed around the country or the world. The database systems use by banks, accessed almost instantaneously by hundreds or thousands of automated teller machines (ATM), as well as by an equal or greater number of employees in the bank branches, is typical of this sort of database. An airline reservation system is another good example.Sometimes, two accesses do not interfere with each other. For example, any number of transactions can be reading your bank balance at the same time, without any inconsistency. But if you are in the bank depositing your salary check at the exact instant your spouse is extracting money from an automatic teller, the result of the two transactions occurring simultaneously and without coordination is unpredictable. Thus, transactions that modify a data item must “lock out” other transactions trying to read or write that item at the same time. A DBMS must therefore provide some form ofconcurrency control to prevent uncoordinated access to the same data item by more than one transaction.Even more complex problems occur when the database is distributed over many different computer systems, perhaps with duplication of data to allow both faster local access and to protect against the destruction of data if one computer crashes.Security of Data A DBMS must not only protect against loss of data when crashes occur, as we just mentioned, but it must prevent unauthorized access. For example, only users with a certain clearance should have access to the salary field of an employee file, and the DBMS must be able associate with the various users their privileges to see files, fields within files, or other subsets of the data in the database. Thus a DBMS must maintain a table telling for each user known to it, what access privileges the user has for each object. For example, one user may be allowed to read a file, but not to insert or delete data; another may not be allowed to see the file at all, while a third may be allowed to read or modify the file at will.DBMS TypesDesigners developed three different types of database structures: hierarchical, network, and relational. Hierarchical and network were first developed but relational has become dominant. While the relational design is dominant, the older databases have not been dropped. Companies that installed a hierarchical system such as IMS in the 1970s will be using and maintaining these databases for years to come even though new development is being done on relational systems. These older systems are often referred to as legacy systems.数据库基础DBMS 简介数据库管理系统是编程系统中的重要的一种，现今可以用在最大的以及最小的电脑上。

•fa_Control 30_记录互斥fa_Departments 07_部门fa_Depreciations 11_折旧方法fa_DeprList 34_折旧日志fa_DeprTransactions 19_折旧fa_DeprVoucherMain 23_折旧分配凭证主表fa_DeprVouchers 24_折旧分配凭证fa_DeprVouchers_pre 24_折旧分配凭证_准备fa_Dictionary 12_常用参照字典fa_EvaluateMain 21_评估单主表fa_EvaluateVouchers 22_评估单fa_Items 12_项目fa_ItemsManual 32_自定义项目fa_ItemsOfModel 14_对应各样式的项目fa_ItemsOfQuery 35_查询项目fa_Log 33_日志fa_Models 13_样式fa_Msg 29_信息fa_Objects 03_对象表fa_Operators 02_操作员fa_Origins 09_增减方式fa_QueryFilters 05_查询条件fa_Querys 04_查询fa_ReportTempfa_Status 10_使用状况fa_Total 31_汇总表Accessaries 成套件表AccInformation 账套参数表Ap_AlarmSet 单位报警分类设置表Ap_BillAge 账龄区间表Ap_Cancel 核销情况表Ap_CancelNo 生成自动序号Ap_CloseBill 收付款结算表Ap_CtrlCode 控制科目设置表Ap_Detail 应收/付明细账AP_DispSet 查询显示列设置表Ap_InputCode 入账科目表Ap_InvCode 存货科目设置表Ap_Lock 操作互斥表Ap_MyTableSet 查询条件存储表Ap_Note 票据登记簿Ap_Note_Sub 票据登记簿结算表Ap_SStyleCode 结算方式科目表Ap_Sum 应收/付总账表Ap_Vouch 应付/收单主表Ap_Vouchs 应付/收单主表的关联表Ap_VouchType 单据类型表Ar_BadAge 坏账计提账龄期间表Ar_BadPara 坏账计提参数表ArrivalVouch 到货单、质检单主表ArrivalVouchs 到货单、质检单子表AssemVouch 组装、拆卸、形态转换单主表AssemVouchs 组装、拆卸、形态转换单子表Bank 本企业开户银行及账号CA_ACR 按产品产量约当分配率表CA_AllMt 分配率分配方法表CA_AmoCt 各项费用成本表CA_AsDIF 辅助部门内部固定分配率表CA_AssCW 辅助费用耗用表CA_AssMP 辅助部门计划单价表CA_AWPC 各项费用耗用计划表CA_CBSys 系统设置表CA_ClassDef 产品类别定义CA_ComPD 完工产品处理表CA_ComPS 完工产品统计表CA_ControlCA_CostCD 费用明细定义表CA_DaCPS 完工产品产量日报表CA_DaMBW 材料及外购半成品耗用日报表CA_DayTiS 工时日报表CA_Depcf 部门预测录入表CA_DepCs 折旧费用表CA_DepDf 部门属性表CA_DepFR 部门预测结果表CA_DepHC 部门历史成本表CA_DepPMA 部门计划人工费用率表CA_DirMA 直接人工费用表CA_EnMMC 月末部门共用材料盘点表CA_EnMOM 月末在产品原材料盘点表CA_EnMOP 月末在产品盘点表CA_IDMAC 记入直接材料费用的出库类别表CA_MaBSW 材料及外购半成品耗用表CA_ManCt 制造费用表CA_MAPC 人工费用人员类别表CA_MatDf 材料定义表CA_OnlIA 其它费用表CA_OnpB 在产品年初数表CA_OnPCE 在产品每月变动约当系数表CA_OnPQu 在产品约当系数表CA_OnpQuo 在产品定额表CA_PlanC 计划成本表CA_PPUDR 工序产品领用日报表CA_PreDf 工序定义表CA_ProCF 产品成本预测表CA_ProNb 产品批号表CA_ProPMA 工序计划人工费用率表CA_ProPt 工序产品属性表CA_ProPU 工序产品领用表CA_Quo 定额表CA_RptAdd 成本报表自定义加项CA_RptFld 成本报表自定义栏目表CA_RptSub 成本报表自定义减项CA_RptSum 成本汇总表CA_RptSys 成本汇总报表系统备份CA_SAmoCt 服务项目费用成本表CA_SerPri 服务价格表CA_SPDf 结转凭证定义表CA_TimSt 工时统计表CA_UserProperty 操作员权限表CA_WasPR 废品回收表CheckVouch 盘点单主表CheckVouchs 盘点单子表code 《科目表》code_1 《科目表》CostJustVouch 计划价/售价调整主表CostJustVouchs 计划价/售价调整子表CostObj 成本对象表CurrentStock 现存量表Customer 客户档案CustomerClass 客户分类体系CW_CodePlan 科目计划初始(code plan)CW_CodePlus 科目追加计划(code plus)CW_DeptPlan 部门计划初始(department plan)CW_DeptPlus 部门追加计划(department plus)CW_ProfPlan 利润计划初始(profit plan)CW_ProfPlus 利润追加计划(profit plus)CW_ProjPlan 项目计划初始(project plan)CW_ProjPlus 项目追加计划(project plus)CW_WideDeptCode 粗放部门计划控制科目(wide department code) CW_WideProjCode 粗放项目计划控制科目(wide project code) Department 部门档案Department_1 部门档案Department_2 部门档案DispatchList 发货单、委托代销结算单主表DispatchLists 发货单、委托代销结算单子表DistrictClass 地区分类体系dsign 《凭证类别表》dsigns 《凭证类别子表》DynTemplet 打印版面临时表模版DynTempletUFSOFTEnDispatch 委托代销发货单主表EnDispatchs 委托代销发货单子表exch 《汇率表》ExpenseItem 销售费用项目ExpenseVouch 代垫费用主表ExpenseVouchs 代垫费用子表fa_AssetAttached 17_附属设备fa_AssetTypes 06_资产类别fa_Cards 16_卡片fa_CardsSheets 34_卡片Sheets表fa_Vouchers 20_变动单fa_WorkLoad 18_工作量fa_ZWVouchers 《外部凭证临时表》FD_AccDef 账户定义表FD_AccSet 账户设置表FD_AccSum 累积类账户总账表FD_AccUnit 开户单位定义表FD_CadAcr 结息日结转利息单据表FD_CadSet 结息日设置表FD_CadSets 结息日设置子表FD_Class 单据类别表FD_CreAcrRcp 贷款利息还款单据表FD_Cred 贷款表FD_Dzd "对账单"FD_DzdUnit "对账单单位"FD_Fetch 取款表FD_Hasten "催款单"FD_Intra 利率设置表FD_Intras 利率设置子表FD_Item 项目大类定义表FD_Items 项目定义表FD_Itemss 项目科目、项目账户表FD_Option 选项FD_Return 还款表FD_Sav 存款表FD_SettAcc 结算表FD_UnwAcrRcp 拆借利息还款单据表FD_UnwDeb 内部拆借表FD_UnwRet 内部拆借还款表FD_Vouch 凭证借贷方科目定义表fitem 《项目大类》fitemgrademode 《项目分类定义模版》fitemstructure 《项目结构定义》fitemstrumode 《项目目录定义模版》foreigncurrency 《币种表》foreigncurrency_1 《币种表》GL_accass 《辅助总账》GL_accsum 《科目总账》GL_accvouch 《凭证及明细账》GL_bage 《往来账龄区间定义》GL_bautotran 《自动转账定义》GL_bdigest 《常用摘要表》GL_bfreq 《常用凭证》GL_bmulti 《多栏定义》GL_btext 《往来函证信息》GL_mccontrol 《科目并发控制表》GL_mcodeauth 《科目权限表》GL_mcodeused 《科目常用项》GL_mend 《账套结账状态表》GL_merror 《对账出错信息》GL_mitemused 《项目常用项》GL_mpostcond 《最近一次记账凭证》GL_msysname 《系统名称对照表》GL_mvcontrol 《凭证并发控制表》GL_mvocontrol 《外部凭证并发控制表》GL_myaccount 《我的账簿》GL_mybooktype 《账簿套打格式》GL_myoutput 《输出栏目》GL_vouchother 《外部凭证临时表》GradeDef 编码规则表IA_HeadSet 存货科目设置表IA_InvTData 存货临时表IA_MoneyPlan 存货核算资金占用规划表IA_QueCondition 查询条件IA_Subsidiary 存货核算存货明细账IA_Summary 存货核算存货总账IA_ValuationAss 存货核算计价辅助数据表Inventory 存货目录Inventory_1 存货目录Inventory_2 存货目录InventoryClass 存货分类体系InvoiceItem 单据项目定义InvoiceItem_ 单据项目定义InvoiceItem_Ap 单据项目定义InvoiceItem_sal 单据项目定义InvoiceItem_salPRN 单据项目定义InvoiceItema 单据项目定义ItemDef 用户可选择项目表JustInVouch 出入库调整单主表JustInVouchs 出入库调整单子表KCHSItem 单据项目定义LockVouch 单据锁定表MainBatch 批次主文件MatchVouch 限额领料单主表MatchVouchs 限额领料单子表MaxVouch 最大单号表NowReceipt 现收款表OverStockVouch 呆滞积压处理单主表OverStockVouchs 呆滞积压处理单子表PayCondition 付款条件Person 职员档案po 采购定单定义PO_Podetails "采购定单（明细）"PO_Pomain 采购定单（主表）PO_Quodetails 询／报价单（明细）PO_Quomain "询／报价单（主表）PO_VendorProcucts "供应商产品PP_IMRPdetails "独立需求计划（明细）PP_IMRPmain "独立需求计划（主表）PP_MPSdetails "生产计划（明细）PP_MPSmain "生产计划（主表）PP_period 计划周期PP_PPCDetails "采购计划（明细）PP_PPCmain "采购计划（主表）PP_PU 采购计划-采购入库对照表PP_RMRPdetails "相关需求计划（明细）PP_RMRPmain "相关需求计划（主表）PriceJustify 调价记录表print 《纸型预置》PrintDef 《表格头尾项目定义》ProductStructure 产品结构主表ProductStructures 产品结构子表PS 采购结算单显示定义PSN_PurBillPU_LeftSum "采购余额一览表PurBillVouch 采购发票主表PurBillVouchs 采购发票子表PurchaseType 采购类型PurQueryCon 条件保存(采购) PurQueryList 自定义表(采购) PurSettleVouch 采购结算单主表PurSettleVouchs 采购结算单子表QuotedPriceVouch 报价单主表QuotedPriceVouchs 报价单子表Rd_Style 收发类别RdRecord 收发记录主表RdRecords 收发记录子表RP_bankrecp 《银行对账单(银行日记账)》RP_cheque 《支票登记簿》Rpt_FldDEF 报表查询项目定义Rpt_FltDEF 筛选条件定义Rpt_Folder "账夹管理Rpt_GlbDEF 报表查询定义RPT_GRPDEF 分组定义RPT_ItmDEF 报表单元选项Rpt_RelDEF 关系定义SA_Account 销售总账SA_SalePlan 销售计划表SA_WrapLease 包装物租借表SaleBillVouch 销售发票主表SaleBillVouchs 销售发票子表SalePayVouch 销售支出单主表SalePayVouchs 销售支出单子表SalePrice 销售价目表SaleRelation 销售关联表Sales_Control 销售菜单表SaleType 销售类型ScrapVouch 报废单主表ScrapVouchs 报废单子表SettleStyle 结算方式ShippingChoice 发运方式表SO_SODetails 销售订单子表SO_SOMain 销售订单主表SO_SOText 销售订单合同文本SRelations 表间关系表ST_TotalAccount 库存总账TableName 表名目录表TableRelation 表间关联描述TransVouch 转库单主表TransVouchs 转库单子表UserDef 自定义项定义表UserDefine 自定义项数值表Vendor 供应商档案VendorClass 供应商分类体系Vouchers 单据定义VouchFormat 单据格式主表VouchFormats 单据格式子表VouchList 单据列表定义表VouchNumVouchType 单据类型表WA_account 工资类别管理表WA_Bank 银行设置表WA_Bank_Set 银行格式设置表WA_BankName 银行名称设置表WA_BankPar 银行代发参数表WA_BankTop 银行代发首末行定义表WA_Currency 工资汇率表WA_dept 各工资类别的部门表WA_FilterExpList 过滤项目表WA_FilterName 过滤器名称表WA_formula 计算公式设置表WA_FT_KM 工资分摊科目比例表WA_FT_Sum 工资分摊总额参数表WA_FTDept 工资分摊部门表WA_FTName 分摊计提名称表WA_grade 人员类别表WA_GZBItemDept 表项目组成表（部门）WA_GZBItemGrd 表项目组成表（类别）WA_GZBItemTitle 表项目组成表（栏目）WA_GZBName 表名称表WA_GZData 工资数据表WA_GZFT 工资分摊表WA_GZHZB 工资汇总表WA_GZItem 各工资类别工资项目设置表WA_GZNameList 工资项目参照表WA_GZtblset 工资项目设置表WA_JKItemSet 数据接口设置表WA_JKSet 数据接口文件格式表WA_psn 人员表WA_PsnMsg 人员附加信息表WA_SDS 所得税数据表WA_SDS_p 所得税设置表WA_SDS_SL 所得税税率表WA_SelectMoney 票面额设置表WA_State 数据处理状态表Warehouse 仓库档案。

中英文翻译Database Application Testing1.IntroductionDatabases play a pivotal role in almost every organization in today’s information-based society. Commercial Database managementsystems(DBMSs) provide organizations with efficient access to huge amounts of data without affecting the integrity of data and relieving the user of the any need to understand the low-level implementation details. Over the years tremendous efforts have been devoted to ensuring use of efficient and integrity protecting data structures and algorithms by DBMSs. However, little has been done to develop systematic techniques for ensuring correctness of applications using these DBMSs. Many testing techniques have been developed to help ensure that behaviour of a program is in accordance with the specifications. However, these techniques mostly target programs written in traditional imperative languages and can’t be of much help when it comes to database applications. Like any other program, database application program can be viewed as an attempt to implement a function. Considered this way, both the input and output spaces of this function will include database state apart from the explicit input and output parameters of the application. This affects substantially the way a test case is defined, generated and executed to check correctness of application. Hence there is a need for new approaches specifically oriented towards testing database applications.Testing database application programs involves the following phases :•Extraction of information from database schema•Generation of test data and Populating test database•Generation of test cases as input to the application program•Validation of database state and output after executionUsing live data has several limitations. It may not reflect sufficiently wide variety of possible situations and even if it does, it might be difficult to find them in a large database. Secondly, privacy or security constraints might prevent the user from seeing sensitive data. Hence, various methods for generating synthetic test data have been proposed. When generating data and populating the test database, its important to generate valid and interesting data e.g. it would be advisable to select data so as to include situations which the tester believes are likely to occur or will expose faults in application. The technique used for test data generation will determine the extent of coverage of test database. Selecting a good initial database state so as to include a wide variety of scenarios resembling real data for the particular application is very beneficial. Since database state plays an important role in determining the output, it has to be checked after each execution that only the specified modifications and none others have occurred.2.AGENDA - tool set for testing DB applicationsAGENDA is a tool set has been designed. AGENDA takes as input the application database schema, application source code and files containing sample values which contain suggested values for the attributes provided by the user. The user interactively selects test heuristics and provides information about expected behaviour of test cases. Using this information AGENDA, populates the database, generates inputs to the application, executes the application on those inputs and checks some aspects of correctness of the resulting database state and application output.13. Input Generator :It generates the input data to be supplied to the application by using information derived from Agenda parser and State generator in addition to the information gained by parsing the SQL statements in the application program and information useful for checking test results. Information derived from parsing the source code may be useful in suggesting inputs that tester should supply to the application. The input generator thus generates test inputs by instantiating the input parameters with actual parameters.4. State Validator :The validator monitors the change in application DB state during execution of a test. It automatically logs the changes in the application tables andsemi-automatically checks the state change.5. Output Validator :It captures the application’s outputs and checks them against the query preconditions and post conditions that have been generated by the tool or supplied by the tester.6. Design and Implementation6.1 Parsing toolThe Agenda Parsing tool is based on PostgresSQL parser. PostgresSQL parser creates an Abstract Syntax Tree containing relevant information about tables, attributes and constraints from a given schema. However, this information is spread out at different locations in the tree. In addition, it is possible to have different tree structures having the same underlying information about the tables, because of use of different SQL DDL syntactic constructs expressing the same information. Consequently, the exact location of relevant information depends on the exact syntax of schema definition. Some of the information from DBMS’s internal catalog tables is needed by other components of AGENDA. Allowing them to directly query these tables would have introduced interdependency between AGENDA components which is not desirable. Hence all the information that needs to be processed is stored in Agenda DB which is made available to other components. This decoupling of PostgresSQL from rest of the components allows AGENDA to be ported to different DBMS just by changing the Parser. The Parser extracts information about integrity constraints such as uniqueness constraints, referential constraints and not NULL constraints from schema. It also extracts limited information from semantic constraints, particularly boundary values. This is very useful in automatic data-partitioning and input generation. Next, the Agenda Parser parses the sample-value files containing user-supplied data and stores the sample values, their data groups and associated attributes in the Agenda DB. Attributes involved in composite constraints are marked so that they can be correctly handled by input generator.7 Extensions to AGENDA7.1 Testing Web DB applicationsWith the tremendous growth of World Wide Web, many new web-based services that are driven by data stored in databases are gaining importance. Examples include E-commerce applications such as online stores, and business-to-business support products. Some of these are of critical importance and hence it is essential to ensure their correct functioning. Most web DB applications consist of threes layers - at the base is DBMS and a database, at the top is client web browser and in between lies the application logic - usually developed with a server-side scripting language or Java extended with library that can interface with DBMSs, and can decode and produce HTML pages displayed in the client browser. For a web application a test case is considered as a sequence of pages to be visited along with the input values to be provided to the pages containing forms. The white box approach involves following steps:1. Information extraction from application source :Useful information such as URL links(which includes all other URLs that can be reached from the current page) and parameter information(name-value pairs that are passed to the Servlet) for each URL is extracted from application source. URLs are partitioned into two categories depending on their content - static and data-based(dynamic) page.2. Web application graph generation and path selection :Based on the information extracted earlier, an application graph, where each node represents a URL and edges represent URL links, is generated and then simplified according to URL link types. There is an edge from URL A to URL B if URL A produces a link to URL B in the HTML page it generates. Paths through the graph represent natural sequences of execution of URLs as a user navigates through the web application. Hence, some of these paths are selected as test cases to represent possible scenarios of use of the application.3. Input Generation :For each path selected, AGENDA is used to generate inputs for each URL. The path along with inputs constitute a test case. An XML file is generated corresponding to each such test case.4. Test Execution :The XML file is parsed using XML parser to extract URL information and the test case is executed automatically using open source Jakarta Http Client integrated with AGENDA. After execution of each update or insertion, AGENDA checks the new database states. Output pages are checked by manual inspection or other tools. The tool in its current form is targeted to the Java Servlet model, using JDBC for database access, and makes some assumptions about programming style. However, the basic technique can be applied to more general servlet styles and other web application languages.8.Regression Tests For Database ApplicationsAny application is constantly going through the process of evolution such as its components getting replaced with more powerful components, various optimizations being incorporated and so on. Whenever such modification is introduced in an application, it is important to check for the integrity of the application and that is the purpose of regression tests. There are various tools built for automating the regression testing procedure, most popular being JUnit framework developed for carrying out regression tests for Java applications. Database applications which are composed of many layers and stacked in various layers are, in particular, subject to constant change for instancere-engineering of business processes, authorization rules being changed etc. Changing database applications is very costly and involves great deal of manual work since there aren’t any tools available that can automatically carrying out regression tests on them.9.Conclusions and Future WorkThe AGENDA tool set was designed and implemented in response to a lack of specific work targeted at testing database application. Prior to AGENDA, various approaches had been proposed and implemented for tackling the issues involved in database testing individually. However, no single tool had been designed to tackle all the issues together by integrating the strategies to handle different issues. AGENDA handles a variety of issues such as test data generation, populating the test database, generating interesting test cases and handling integrity constraints of the application database such as not-Null, uniqueness etc, checking the database state after every modification,executing the test case and validating the output. Besides, later extensions to AGENDA have enhanced its ability improving the state checking and input generation mechanism and enabling the tool to test transactions. AGENDA has also served as an aid in testing web-based database applications. However, there are a lot of issues still to be dealt with and many limitations to be addressed. AGENDA uses semi-automatic technique for generating test data. e.g. For attributes having numeric/real value the sample-value file is generated automatically (Section 2.2.1). However, attributes of string type are not handled. Increasing the extent of automation, extracting more information from the embedded SQL statements in the application program source are some of the important tasks that need attention. The tool for testing web-based applications has a lot of limitations as of now. It can currently handle only applications implemented Java Servlets and HTML pages. Further, it assumes that the application source follows certain programming style. These issues are being addressed to. There is also work going on to extend the tool to handle issues like sessions, cookies etc and test web application security. Regression testing is a well-studied technique in Software engineering, however issues specifically related to database applications haven’t received the deserved attention. The whole topic of testing database applications is still in its infancy. No rigorous methodologies have been devised yet and there are several open issues such as the automatic generation and evolution of test runs, the generation of test databases, and the development of platform independent tools. All these challenges are currently being tackled and efforts are on to make the process of testing database applications efficient.数据库应用程序的测试1．引言数据库中的几乎每一个组织在当今信息化社会中发挥了举足轻重的作用。

Database introduction and ACCESS2000The database is the latest technology of data management, and the important branch of computer science. The database , as its name suggests, is the warehouse to preserve the data. The warehouse to store apparatus in computer only, and data to deposit according to sure forms。

The so-called database is refers to the long-term storage the data acquisition which in the computer, organized, may share。

In the database data according to the certain data model organization, the description, and the storage, has a smaller redundance, the higher data independence and the easy extension, and may altogether shine for each kind of user。

The effective management database, frequently has needed some database management systems (DBMS) is the user provides to database operation each kind of order, the tool and the method, including database establishment and recording input, revision, retrieval, demonstration, deletion and statistics。

常用数据库词汇英汉对照abort 中断，中止access 访问account 账户action 操作active process 活动进程active statement 活动语句active voice 主动语态ActiveX Data Objects(ADO) ActiveX 数据对象ad hoc connector name 特殊连接器名称add-in 加载项adjective phrasing 形容词句式adverb 副词aggregate function 聚合函数aggregate query 聚合查询aggregation 聚合aggregation prefix 聚合前缀aggregation wrapper 聚合包装alert 警报alert log file 告警日志文件alias 别名aliasing 命名别名American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 美国国家标准学会 (ANSI) analysis server 分析服务器ancestor 祖先annotational property 批注属性anonymous subscription 匿名订阅ANSI:American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会ANSIAPI:Application Program Interface【电脑】应用程序界面, 应用程序接口API server cursor API 服务器游标application role 应用程序角色archive 把……存档archive file 存档文件argument 参数article 项目atomic 原子的attribute 特性authentication 身份验证authorization 授权automatic recovery 自动恢复autonomy 独立axis 轴background process 后台处理，后台进程background trace file 后台跟踪文件backup 备份backup device 备份设备backup file 备份文件backup media 备份媒体backup set 备份集balanced hierarchy 均衡层次结构base data type 基本数据类型base table 基表batch 批处理batch process 批次处理BCP files BCP文件BCP utility BCP实用工具bigint data type bigint数据类型binary data type binary 数据类型binary large object 二进制大对象binding 绑定bit data type bit 数据类型bitwise operation 按位运算BLOB: binary large object二进制大对象，是一个可以存储二进制文件的容器block 块、区块、语句块Boolean 布尔型browse mode 浏览模式buffer cache 缓冲区built-in functions 内置函数business rules 业务规则cache aging 高速缓存老化数据清除calculated column 计算列calculated field 计算字段calculated member 计算所得成员calculation condition 计算条件calculation formula 计算公式calculation pass 计算传递calculation subcube 计算子多维数据集call-level interface (CLI)调用级接口(CLI)candidate key 候选键capacity plan容量图cascading delete 级联删除cascading update 级联更新case 事例case key 事例键case set 事例集cell 单元cellset 单元集certificate 证书change script 更改脚本changing dimension 可更改维度char data type char 数据类型character format 字符格式character set 字符集CHECK constraints CHECK约束checkpoint 检查点child 子代classification 分类clause 子句CLI: call-level interface 调用级接口client客户端client application 客户端应用程序client cursor 客户端游标clustered index 聚集索引clustering 聚集code page 代码页collation 排序规则column 列column filter 列筛选column-level collation 列级排序规则column-level constraint 列级约束command relationship 命令关系commit 提交comparative form 比较级component-based基于构件的component object model (COM)组件对象模型 (COM)composite index 组合索引composite key 组合键computed column 计算列COM-structured storage file COM结构化存储文件concatenation 串联concurrency 并发configuration options 配置选项conjunction 连词connection 连接connection pooling 连接池constant 常量constraint 约束continuation media 延续媒体control-break report 控制中断报表control-of-flow language 控制流语言correlated subquery 相关子查询CPU: Central Processing Unit中央处理器crosstab query 交叉表查询cube 多维数据集cube file 多维数据集文件cube role 多维数据集角色cursor 游标cursor data type cursor 数据类型cursor library 游标库custom rollup 自定义汇总custom rule 自定义规则data block 数据块data connection 数据连接data control language (DCL)数据控制语言 (DCL)data courier 数据快递data definition 数据定义data definition language (DDL)数据定义语言 (DDL)data dictionary 数据字典data dictionary view 数据字典视图data explosion 数据爆炸data file 数据文件data integrity 数据完整性data lineage 数据沿袭data manipulation language (DML)数据操作语言 (DML)data mart 数据集市data member 数据成员data modification 数据修改data pump 数据抽取data scrubbing 数据清理data source 数据源data source name (DSN) 数据源名称 (DSN) data type 数据类型data warehouse 数据仓库database 数据库database catalog 数据库目录database console 数据库控制台database credential 数据库证书database diagram 数据关系图database file 数据库文件database language 数据库语言database object 数据库对象database owner 数据库所有者database performance数据库性能database project 数据库工程database role 数据库角色database schema 数据库架构database script 数据库脚本data-definition query 数据定义查询dataset 数据集DateTime data type DateTime 数据类型DBA:database administrator 数据库管理员DBCS:double-byte character set(DBCS)双字节字符集(DBCS)deadlock 死锁decimal data type decimal 数据类型decision support 决策支持decision tree 决策树declarative referential integrity (DRI) 声明引用完整性 (DRI)dedicated server 专属服务器default 系统默认值，系统缺省值,默认值default constraint 默认约束default database 默认数据库default instance 默认实例default language 默认语言default member 默认成员default result set 默认结果集delete query 删除查询delimiter 分隔符demonstration示范denormalize 使非规范化density 密度deny 拒绝dependencies 相关性descendant 后代destination object 目的对象device 设备diagnostic file 诊断文件dictionary entry 字典条目differential database backup差异数据库备份dimension 维度dimension hierarchy 维度层次结构dimension table 维度表direct connect 直接连接direct object 直接对象direct response mode 直接响应模式dirty pages 脏页dirty read 脏读disable 使无效dispatcher progress 调度程序distribute 分发distributed query 分布式查询distribution CD 发行CDdistribution database 分发数据库distribution retention period分发保持期distributor 分发服务器domain 域domain integrity 域完整性drill down/drill up 深化/浅化drill through 钻取DSN-less connection 无DSN连接DTS package DTS包DTS package template DTS包模板dump 转储dump file 转储文件dynamic 动态的dynamic cursor 动态游标dynamic filter 动态筛选dynamic locking 动态锁定dynamic recovery 动态恢复dynamic snapshot 动态快照dynamic SQL statements 动态SQL语句enable 使有效encrypted trigger 加密触发器encryption 加密entity 实体entity integrity 实体完整性enroll 登记enumeration 枚举environment variable 环境变量equijoin 同等联接error log 错误日志error state number 错误状态号escape character 转义符exclusive lock 排它锁execute 执行explicit transaction 显式事务expression 表达式extended stored procedure 扩展存储过程extent 扩展failover 失效备援fact 事实fact table 事实数据表Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 联邦信息处理标准 (FIPS)fetch 提取field 字段field length 字段长度field terminator 字段终止符file 文件file storage type 文件存储类型filegroup 文件组fill factor 填充因子filter 筛选filtering 筛选firehose cursor 流水游标fixed database role 固定数据库角色fixed server role 固定服务器角色flash recovery area 快速恢复区flattened interface 平展界面flattened rowset 平展行集float data type float 数据类型foreign key (FK) 外键 (FK)foreign table 外表forward-only cursor 只进游标fragmentation 碎片full outer join 完整外部联接full-text catalog 全文目录full-text enabling 全文启用full-text index 全文索引full-text query 全文查询full-text service 全文服务function 函数global default 全局默认值global properties 全局属性global rule 全局规则global subscriptions 全局订阅global variable 全局变量grant 授权granularity 粒度heterogeneous data 异类数据hierarchy 层次结构homogeneous data 同类数据hop 跃点horizontal partitioning 水平分区huge dimension 巨型维度hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) 混合OLAP (HOLAP) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)超文本标记语言 (HTML)identifier 标识符identity column 标识列identity property 标识属性idle time 空闲时间image data type image 数据类型immediate updating 即时更新immediate updating subscribers即时更新订阅服务器immediate updating subscriptions即时更新订阅implement 实现implicit transaction 隐性事务implied permission 暗示性权限income 接收incremental update 增量更新index 索引index ORing 索引或运算index page 索引页indirect object 间接宾语information model 信息模型initial media 初始化媒体initialization parameters 初始化参数initial snapshot 初始化快照inner join 内联接input member 输入成员input set 输入集input source 输入源insensitive cursor 不感知游标insert query 插入查询insert values query 插入值查询instance 实例int (integer) data typeint (integer) 数据类型integer 整型integrated environment 集成环境integrated security 集成安全性integrity constraint 完整性约束intent lock 意向锁interactive 交互的interactive structured query language (ISQL) 交互式结构化查询语言 (ISQL) interface 接口interface implication 接口含义internal identifier 内部标识符International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 国际电子技术委员会International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 国际标准化组织interprocess communication (IPC)进程间通讯 (IPC)invoke 调用irregular form 不规则形式irregular form type 不规则形式类型irregular noun 不规则名词irregular verb 不规则动词isolation level 隔离级别JDBC：Java database connectivity Java数据库连接job 作业join 联接join column 联接列join condition 联接条件join field 联接字段join filter 联接筛选join operator 联接运算符join path 联接路径join table 联接表junction table 连接表kernel 核心key 键key column 键列key range lock 键范围锁keyset-driven cursor 键集驱动游标keyword 关键字large level 大级别latency 滞后时间leaf 叶leaf level 叶级leaf member 叶成员left outer join 左向外联接level 级别level hierarchy 级别层次结构library 库linked cube 链接多维数据集linked server 链接服务器linked table 链接表linking table 链接表listener：监听程序livelock 活锁local cube 本地多维数据集local distributor 本地分发服务器local group 本地组local login identification本地登录标识local server 本地服务器local subscription 本地订阅local variable 局部变量locale 区域设置locale identifier (LCID)区域设置标识符 (LCID)lock 锁lock escalation 锁升级log file 日志文件logical name 逻辑名称logical operators 逻辑运算符logical_join 逻辑联接login (account) 登录（帐户）login security mode 登录安全模式lookup table 查找表LRU algorithm:least recently used algorithm 最近最少使用算法Maintain 维护make table query 生成表查询mandatory强制的，必选的many-to-many relationship 多对多关系many-to-one relationship 多对一关系master database master 数据库master definition site 主定义位置master file 主文件master site 主位置measure 度量值measurement 度量media description 媒体描述media family 媒体家族media header 媒体首部media name 媒体名称media set 媒体集member 成员member delegation 成员委派member group 成员组member key column 成员键列member name column 成员名列member property 成员属性member variable 成员变量memo 备注merge 合并merge replication 合并复制message number 消息编号messaging application programming interface (MAPI) 消息应用程序接口meta data 元数据method 方法middle tier：中介层，中间层migrate移植mining model 挖掘模型mining model training 挖掘模型培训mirroring 镜像mixed mode 混合模式model 模型model database model 数据库model dependency 模型相关性module 模块modulo 以...为模money data type money 数据类型multidimensional expressions (MDX) 多维表达式 (MDX)multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP)多维 OLAP (MOLAP)multidimensional structure 多维结构multiple inheritance 多重继承multiple instances 多实例multithreaded server application多线程服务器应用程序multiuser 多用户name phrasing 名称句式named instance 命名实例named pipe 命名管道named set 命名集naming relationship 命名关系native format 本机格式navigate导航NLS:natural language support自然语言支持系统nchar data type nchar数据类型nested query 嵌套查询nested table 嵌套表nickname 别名noise word 干扰词nonclustered index 非聚集索引nonleaf 非叶nonleaf member 非叶成员nonrepeatable read 不可重复读取normalization rules 规范化规则ntext data type ntext 数据类型NULL 不知道nullability 为空性numeric expression 数值表达式nvarchar data type nvarchar 数据类型object 对象object dependencies 对象相关性object identifier 对象标识符object owner 对象所有者object permission 对象权限object variable 对象变量ODBC:open database connectivity开放数据库互连ODBC data source ODBC数据源ODBC driver ODBC驱动程序OEM:Oracle enterprise manager Oracle企业管理器OFA:optimal flexible architecture优化自由结构OLAP:online transaction processing 联机事务处理OLE Automation controller OLE 自动化控制器OLE Automation objects OLE 自动化对象OLE Automation server OLE 自动化服务器OLE DB consumer OLE DB使用者OMF:Oracle managed files Oracle管理文件one-to-many relationship 一对多关系one-to-one relationship 一对一关系online analytical processing (OLAP) 联机分析处理 (OLAP)online redo log 联机重做日志online transaction processing (OLTP) 联机事务处理 (OLTP)open data services (ODS) 开放式数据服务 (ODS)open database connectivity (ODBC)开放式数据库连接 (ODBC)open information model (OIM)开放信息模型 (OIM)optimize synchronization 优化同步optimizer 优化程序optional：可选的Oracle世界领先的信息管理软件开发商，因其复杂的关系数据库产品而闻名Oracle homes：Oracle主目录ORACLE_SID Oracle System Identifier 的缩写ordered set 有序集origin object 起始对象OUI:Oracle universal installer Oracle 通用安装程序outer join 外联接overfitting 过适page 页page split 页拆分parent 父代partition 分区partitioning 分区parts of speech 词性pass order 传递顺序passive voice 被动语态pass-through query 直接传递查询pass-through statement 直接传递语句persistence 持续性PGA：program global area 程序全局区phantom 幻像phrase 短语phrasing 句式physical name 物理名称physical reads 物理读取pivot 数据透视platform平台port 端口position 位置positioned update 定位更新possessive case 所有格precision 精度preconfigured 预配置的predicate 谓词prediction 预测prefix characters 前缀字符prefix length 前缀长度prefix search 前缀搜索preposition 介词preposition phrasing 介词句式prerequisite先决条件primary dimension table 主维度表primary key (PK) 主键 (PK) primary table 主表prioritized approach优先方法private dimension 专用维度privilege特权procedure cache 过程缓存process 处理producer 发生器project 工程pronoun 代词proper noun 专有名词property 属性property pages 属性页provider 提供程序proximity search 近似搜索publication 发布publication database 发布数据库publication retention period 发布保持期published data 已发布数据publisher 发布服务器publishing table 发布表pubs database pubs 数据库pull subscription 请求订阅push subscription 强制订阅query optimizer 查询优化器question Builder 问题生成器question file 问题文件question template 问题模板queue 队列ragged hierarchy 不齐整层次结构range query 范围查询rank 级raw device 裸设备real data type real 数据类型record 记录record set 记录集recovery 恢复recovery interval 恢复间歇recursive partitioning 递归分区redo log file 恢复日志文件referenced key 引用键referencing key 参照键referential integrity (RI) 引用完整性reflexive relationship 反身关系refresh data 刷新数据regular cube 常规多维数据集regular dimension 常规维度relational database 关系数据库relational database management system (RDBMS) 关系数据库管理系统 (RDBMS) relational OLAP (ROLAP) 关系OLAP relationship 关系relationship object 关系对象relationship type 关系类型remote data 远程数据remote Distributor 远程分发服务器remote login identification 远程登录标识remote partition 远程分区remote server 远程服务器remote stored procedure 远程存储过程remote table 远程表replicated data 已复制数据replication 复制replication conflict Viewer 复制冲突查看器replication monitor 复制监视器replication scripting 编写复制脚本replication topology 复制拓扑repository 知识库,数据贮存器repository engine 知识库引擎repository object 知识库对象repository SQL schema 知识库SQL架构repository type information model (RTIM) 知识库类型信息模型 (RTIM)resolution strategy 冲突解决策略response file响应文件restatement 复述result 结果result set 结果集return parameters 返回参数reusable bookmark 可再次使用的书签revoke 废除right outer join 右向外联接role 角色roll back 回滚roll forward 前滚root form 原形root user：根用户，超级用户row 行row aggregate function 行聚合函数row filter 行筛选row lock 行锁rowset 行集rule 规则sample data 示例数据save point 保存点scalar aggregate 标量聚合scheduled backup 已调度备份schedule：安排schema 架构schema rowset 架构行集Scott 演示用户，普通用户script 脚本scroll 滚动search condition 搜索条件security identifier 安全标识号security strategy安全策略seed database种子数据库segment段segmentation 分段select list 选择列表select query 选择查询self-join 自联接semantic object 语义对象semiadditive measure 半加法度量sensitive cursor 感知游标sequence 序列sequenced collection 顺序集合sequenced relationship 顺序关系serializable 可串行server cursor 服务器游标server name 服务器名称session 会话setup initialization file 安装程序初始化文件severity level 严重级别SGA:system global area 系统全局区shared dimension 共享维度shared lock 共享锁showplan 显示计划sibling 兄弟SID：System Identifier的缩写系统标识符single-user mode 单用户模式slice 切片smalldatetime data type smalldatetime 数据类型smallint data type smallint 数据类型smallmoney data type smallmoney 数据类型snapshot agent 快照代理程序snapshot agent utility 快照代理程序实用工具snapshot cursor 快照游标snapshot replication 快照复制solve order 求解次序sort order 排序次序source and target 源和目标source cube 源多维数据集source database 源数据库source object 源对象source partition 源分区sparsity 稀疏度specify inventory directory：指定存盘目录SQL:structured query language 结构化查询语言SQL collation SQL 排序规则SQL database SQL 数据库SQL expression SQL 表达式SQL Mail SQL 邮件SQL query SQL 查询SQL Server AuthenticationSQL Server 身份验证SQL Server Event Forwarding Server SQL Server 事件转发服务器SQL Server login SQL Server 登录SQL Server role SQL Server 角色SQL Server user SQL Server 用户SQL statement SQL 语句sql_variant data type sql_variant 数据类型stand-alone 独立，单机standard security 标准安全机制standby database备用数据库star join 星型联接star schema 星型架构statement permission 语句权限static cursor 静态游标static SQL statements 静态 SQL 语句step object 步骤对象storage structure存储结构store-and-forward database 保存与转发数据库stored procedure 存储过程string 字符串string functions 字符串函数structured query language (SQL)结构化查询语言 (SQL)structured storage file 结构化存储文件subject 主语subquery 子查询subscribe 订阅subscriber 订阅服务器subscribing server 订阅服务器subscription 订阅subscription database 订阅数据库subset 子集subset phrasing 子集句式subtask：子任务suite：一套superlative form 最高级synchronization 同步synonym 同义词syntax语法SYS 超级管理员SYSDBA 超级权限SYSTEM 普通管理员system administrator 系统管理员system catalog 系统目录system databases 系统数据库system functions 系统函数system stored procedures 系统存储过程system tables 系统表table 表table data type table 数据类型table lock 表锁table scan 表扫描tablespace 表空间table-level constraint 表级约束tabular data stream (TDS) 表格格式数据流 (TDS)tape backup 磁带备份target object 目标对象target partition 目标分区task 任务task object 任务对象tempdb database tempdb 数据库template模板temporary stored procedure 临时存储过程temporary table 临时表temporary tablespace 临时表空间text data type text 数据类型theta join theta 联接third-party service 第三方服务thread 线程time dimension 时间维度timestamp data type timestamp数据类型tinyint data type tinyint数据类型tool 工具trace file 跟踪文件training data set 培训数据集trait 特征trait phrasing 特征句式transaction 事务transaction log 事务日志transaction processing 事务处理transaction rollback 事务回滚transactional replication 事务复制Transact-SQL cursor Transact-SQL游标transformable subscription 可转换订阅transformation 转换trigger 触发器trusted connection 信任连接tuple 元组two-phase commit 两相提交unbalanced hierarchy 不均衡层次结构underlying table 基础表unenforced relationship 未强制关系Unicode collation Unicode 排序规则Unicode format Unicode 格式Union query 联合查询UNIQUE constraints UNIQUE 约束unique index 唯一索引uniqueidentifier data type uniqueidentifier 数据类型update 更新update lock 更新锁update query 更新查询update statistics 更新统计UPI:user program interface 用户程序接口user (account) 用户（帐户）user database 用户数据库user-defined data type 用户定义数据类型user-defined event 用户定义事件user-defined function 用户定义函数utility 实用工具value expression 值表达式varbinary data type varbinary 数据类型varchar data type varchar 数据类型variables 变量verb phrasing 动词句式verify 检查，校验vertical filtering 垂直筛选vertical partitioning 垂直分区very large dimension 超大型维度view 视图view generation 视图生成virtual cube 虚拟多维数据集virtual dimension 虚拟维度WHERE clause WHERE 子句wildcard characters 通配符字符wildcard search 通配符搜索word generation 字生成write back 写回write enable 写启用write-ahead log 预写日志XTerm：命令行终端。

常用数据库词汇英汉对照abort 中断，中止access 访问account 账户action 操作active process 活动进程active statement 活动语句active voice 主动语态ActiveX Data Objects(ADO) ActiveX 数据对象ad hoc connector name 特殊连接器名称add-in 加载项adjective phrasing 形容词句式adverb 副词aggregate function 聚合函数aggregate query 聚合查询aggregation 聚合aggregation prefix 聚合前缀aggregation wrapper 聚合包装alert 警报alert log file 告警日志文件alias 别名aliasing 命名别名American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 美国国家标准学会 (ANSI) analysis server 分析服务器ancestor 祖先annotational property 批注属性anonymous subscription 匿名订阅ANSI:American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会ANSIAPI:Application Program Interface【电脑】应用程序界面, 应用程序接口API server cursor API 服务器游标application role 应用程序角色archive 把……存档archive file 存档文件argument 参数article 项目atomic 原子的attribute 特性authentication 身份验证authorization 授权automatic recovery 自动恢复autonomy 独立axis 轴background process 后台处理，后台进程background trace file 后台跟踪文件backup 备份backup device 备份设备backup file 备份文件backup media 备份媒体backup set 备份集balanced hierarchy 均衡层次结构base data type 基本数据类型base table 基表batch 批处理batch process 批次处理BCP files BCP文件BCP utility BCP实用工具bigint data type bigint数据类型binary data type binary 数据类型binary large object 二进制大对象binding 绑定bit data type bit 数据类型bitwise operation 按位运算BLOB: binary large object二进制大对象，是一个可以存储二进制文件的容器block 块、区块、语句块Boolean 布尔型browse mode 浏览模式buffer cache 缓冲区built-in functions 内置函数business rules 业务规则cache aging 高速缓存老化数据清除calculated column 计算列calculated field 计算字段calculated member 计算所得成员calculation condition 计算条件calculation formula 计算公式calculation pass 计算传递calculation subcube 计算子多维数据集call-level interface (CLI)调用级接口(CLI)candidate key 候选键capacity plan容量图cascading delete 级联删除cascading update 级联更新case 事例case key 事例键case set 事例集cell 单元cellset 单元集certificate 证书change script 更改脚本changing dimension 可更改维度char data type char 数据类型character format 字符格式character set 字符集CHECK constraints CHECK约束checkpoint 检查点child 子代classification 分类clause 子句CLI: call-level interface 调用级接口client客户端client application 客户端应用程序client cursor 客户端游标clustered index 聚集索引clustering 聚集code page 代码页collation 排序规则column 列column filter 列筛选column-level collation 列级排序规则column-level constraint 列级约束command relationship 命令关系commit 提交comparative form 比较级component-based基于构件的component object model (COM)组件对象模型 (COM)composite index 组合索引composite key 组合键computed column 计算列COM-structured storage file COM结构化存储文件concatenation 串联concurrency 并发configuration options 配置选项conjunction 连词connection 连接connection pooling 连接池constant 常量constraint 约束continuation media 延续媒体control-break report 控制中断报表control-of-flow language 控制流语言correlated subquery 相关子查询CPU: Central Processing Unit中央处理器crosstab query 交叉表查询cube 多维数据集cube file 多维数据集文件cube role 多维数据集角色cursor 游标cursor data type cursor 数据类型cursor library 游标库custom rollup 自定义汇总custom rule 自定义规则data block 数据块data connection 数据连接data control language (DCL)数据控制语言 (DCL)data courier 数据快递data definition 数据定义data definition language (DDL)数据定义语言 (DDL)data dictionary 数据字典data dictionary view 数据字典视图data explosion 数据爆炸data file 数据文件data integrity 数据完整性data lineage 数据沿袭data manipulation language (DML)数据操作语言 (DML)data mart 数据集市data member 数据成员data modification 数据修改data pump 数据抽取data scrubbing 数据清理data source 数据源data source name (DSN) 数据源名称 (DSN) data type 数据类型data warehouse 数据仓库database 数据库database catalog 数据库目录database console 数据库控制台database credential 数据库证书database diagram 数据关系图database file 数据库文件database language 数据库语言database object 数据库对象database owner 数据库所有者database performance数据库性能database project 数据库工程database role 数据库角色database schema 数据库架构database script 数据库脚本data-definition query 数据定义查询dataset 数据集DateTime data type DateTime 数据类型DBA:database administrator 数据库管理员DBCS:double-byte character set(DBCS)双字节字符集(DBCS)deadlock 死锁decimal data type decimal 数据类型decision support 决策支持decision tree 决策树declarative referential integrity (DRI) 声明引用完整性 (DRI)dedicated server 专属服务器default 系统默认值，系统缺省值,默认值default constraint 默认约束default database 默认数据库default instance 默认实例default language 默认语言default member 默认成员default result set 默认结果集delete query 删除查询delimiter 分隔符demonstration示范denormalize 使非规范化density 密度deny 拒绝dependencies 相关性descendant 后代destination object 目的对象device 设备diagnostic file 诊断文件dictionary entry 字典条目differential database backup差异数据库备份dimension 维度dimension hierarchy 维度层次结构dimension table 维度表direct connect 直接连接direct object 直接对象direct response mode 直接响应模式dirty pages 脏页dirty read 脏读disable 使无效dispatcher progress 调度程序distribute 分发distributed query 分布式查询distribution CD 发行CDdistribution database 分发数据库distribution retention period分发保持期distributor 分发服务器domain 域domain integrity 域完整性drill down/drill up 深化/浅化drill through 钻取DSN-less connection 无DSN连接DTS package DTS包DTS package template DTS包模板dump 转储dump file 转储文件dynamic 动态的dynamic cursor 动态游标dynamic filter 动态筛选dynamic locking 动态锁定dynamic recovery 动态恢复dynamic snapshot 动态快照dynamic SQL statements 动态SQL语句enable 使有效encrypted trigger 加密触发器encryption 加密entity 实体entity integrity 实体完整性enroll 登记enumeration 枚举environment variable 环境变量equijoin 同等联接error log 错误日志error state number 错误状态号escape character 转义符exclusive lock 排它锁execute 执行explicit transaction 显式事务expression 表达式extended stored procedure 扩展存储过程extent 扩展failover 失效备援fact 事实fact table 事实数据表Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 联邦信息处理标准 (FIPS)fetch 提取field 字段field length 字段长度field terminator 字段终止符file 文件file storage type 文件存储类型filegroup 文件组fill factor 填充因子filter 筛选filtering 筛选firehose cursor 流水游标fixed database role 固定数据库角色fixed server role 固定服务器角色flash recovery area 快速恢复区flattened interface 平展界面flattened rowset 平展行集float data type float 数据类型foreign key (FK) 外键 (FK)foreign table 外表forward-only cursor 只进游标fragmentation 碎片full outer join 完整外部联接full-text catalog 全文目录full-text enabling 全文启用full-text index 全文索引full-text query 全文查询full-text service 全文服务function 函数global default 全局默认值global properties 全局属性global rule 全局规则global subscriptions 全局订阅global variable 全局变量grant 授权granularity 粒度heterogeneous data 异类数据hierarchy 层次结构homogeneous data 同类数据hop 跃点horizontal partitioning 水平分区huge dimension 巨型维度hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) 混合OLAP (HOLAP) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)超文本标记语言 (HTML)identifier 标识符identity column 标识列identity property 标识属性idle time 空闲时间image data type image 数据类型immediate updating 即时更新immediate updating subscribers即时更新订阅服务器immediate updating subscriptions即时更新订阅implement 实现implicit transaction 隐性事务implied permission 暗示性权限income 接收incremental update 增量更新index 索引index ORing 索引或运算index page 索引页indirect object 间接宾语information model 信息模型initial media 初始化媒体initialization parameters 初始化参数initial snapshot 初始化快照inner join 内联接input member 输入成员input set 输入集input source 输入源insensitive cursor 不感知游标insert query 插入查询insert values query 插入值查询instance 实例int (integer) data typeint (integer) 数据类型integer 整型integrated environment 集成环境integrated security 集成安全性integrity constraint 完整性约束intent lock 意向锁interactive 交互的interactive structured query language (ISQL) 交互式结构化查询语言 (ISQL) interface 接口interface implication 接口含义internal identifier 内部标识符International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 国际电子技术委员会International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 国际标准化组织interprocess communication (IPC)进程间通讯 (IPC)invoke 调用irregular form 不规则形式irregular form type 不规则形式类型irregular noun 不规则名词irregular verb 不规则动词isolation level 隔离级别JDBC：Java database connectivity Java数据库连接job 作业join 联接join column 联接列join condition 联接条件join field 联接字段join filter 联接筛选join operator 联接运算符join path 联接路径join table 联接表junction table 连接表kernel 核心key 键key column 键列key range lock 键范围锁keyset-driven cursor 键集驱动游标keyword 关键字large level 大级别latency 滞后时间leaf 叶leaf level 叶级leaf member 叶成员left outer join 左向外联接level 级别level hierarchy 级别层次结构library 库linked cube 链接多维数据集linked server 链接服务器linked table 链接表linking table 链接表listener：监听程序livelock 活锁local cube 本地多维数据集local distributor 本地分发服务器local group 本地组local login identification本地登录标识local server 本地服务器local subscription 本地订阅local variable 局部变量locale 区域设置locale identifier (LCID)区域设置标识符 (LCID)lock 锁lock escalation 锁升级log file 日志文件logical name 逻辑名称logical operators 逻辑运算符logical_join 逻辑联接login (account) 登录（帐户）login security mode 登录安全模式lookup table 查找表LRU algorithm:least recently used algorithm 最近最少使用算法Maintain 维护make table query 生成表查询mandatory强制的，必选的many-to-many relationship 多对多关系many-to-one relationship 多对一关系master database master 数据库master definition site 主定义位置master file 主文件master site 主位置measure 度量值measurement 度量media description 媒体描述media family 媒体家族media header 媒体首部media name 媒体名称media set 媒体集member 成员member delegation 成员委派member group 成员组member key column 成员键列member name column 成员名列member property 成员属性member variable 成员变量memo 备注merge 合并merge replication 合并复制message number 消息编号messaging application programming interface (MAPI) 消息应用程序接口meta data 元数据method 方法middle tier：中介层，中间层migrate移植mining model 挖掘模型mining model training 挖掘模型培训mirroring 镜像mixed mode 混合模式model 模型model database model 数据库model dependency 模型相关性module 模块modulo 以...为模money data type money 数据类型multidimensional expressions (MDX) 多维表达式 (MDX)multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP)多维 OLAP (MOLAP)multidimensional structure 多维结构multiple inheritance 多重继承multiple instances 多实例multithreaded server application多线程服务器应用程序multiuser 多用户name phrasing 名称句式named instance 命名实例named pipe 命名管道named set 命名集naming relationship 命名关系native format 本机格式navigate导航NLS:natural language support自然语言支持系统nchar data type nchar数据类型nested query 嵌套查询nested table 嵌套表nickname 别名noise word 干扰词nonclustered index 非聚集索引nonleaf 非叶nonleaf member 非叶成员nonrepeatable read 不可重复读取normalization rules 规范化规则ntext data type ntext 数据类型NULL 不知道nullability 为空性numeric expression 数值表达式nvarchar data type nvarchar 数据类型object 对象object dependencies 对象相关性object identifier 对象标识符object owner 对象所有者object permission 对象权限object variable 对象变量ODBC:open database connectivity开放数据库互连ODBC data source ODBC数据源ODBC driver ODBC驱动程序OEM:Oracle enterprise manager Oracle企业管理器OFA:optimal flexible architecture优化自由结构OLAP:online transaction processing 联机事务处理OLE Automation controller OLE 自动化控制器OLE Automation objects OLE 自动化对象OLE Automation server OLE 自动化服务器OLE DB consumer OLE DB使用者OMF:Oracle managed files Oracle管理文件one-to-many relationship 一对多关系one-to-one relationship 一对一关系online analytical processing (OLAP) 联机分析处理 (OLAP)online redo log 联机重做日志online transaction processing (OLTP) 联机事务处理 (OLTP)open data services (ODS) 开放式数据服务 (ODS)open database connectivity (ODBC)开放式数据库连接 (ODBC)open information model (OIM)开放信息模型 (OIM)optimize synchronization 优化同步optimizer 优化程序optional：可选的Oracle世界领先的信息管理软件开发商，因其复杂的关系数据库产品而闻名Oracle homes：Oracle主目录ORACLE_SID Oracle System Identifier 的缩写ordered set 有序集origin object 起始对象OUI:Oracle universal installer Oracle 通用安装程序outer join 外联接overfitting 过适page 页page split 页拆分parent 父代partition 分区partitioning 分区parts of speech 词性pass order 传递顺序passive voice 被动语态pass-through query 直接传递查询pass-through statement 直接传递语句persistence 持续性PGA：program global area 程序全局区phantom 幻像phrase 短语phrasing 句式physical name 物理名称physical reads 物理读取pivot 数据透视platform平台port 端口position 位置positioned update 定位更新possessive case 所有格precision 精度preconfigured 预配置的predicate 谓词prediction 预测prefix characters 前缀字符prefix length 前缀长度prefix search 前缀搜索preposition 介词preposition phrasing 介词句式prerequisite先决条件primary dimension table 主维度表primary key (PK) 主键 (PK) primary table 主表prioritized approach优先方法private dimension 专用维度privilege特权procedure cache 过程缓存process 处理producer 发生器project 工程pronoun 代词proper noun 专有名词property 属性property pages 属性页provider 提供程序proximity search 近似搜索publication 发布publication database 发布数据库publication retention period 发布保持期published data 已发布数据publisher 发布服务器publishing table 发布表pubs database pubs 数据库pull subscription 请求订阅push subscription 强制订阅query optimizer 查询优化器question Builder 问题生成器question file 问题文件question template 问题模板queue 队列ragged hierarchy 不齐整层次结构range query 范围查询rank 级raw device 裸设备real data type real 数据类型record 记录record set 记录集recovery 恢复recovery interval 恢复间歇recursive partitioning 递归分区redo log file 恢复日志文件referenced key 引用键referencing key 参照键referential integrity (RI) 引用完整性reflexive relationship 反身关系refresh data 刷新数据regular cube 常规多维数据集regular dimension 常规维度relational database 关系数据库relational database management system (RDBMS) 关系数据库管理系统 (RDBMS) relational OLAP (ROLAP) 关系OLAP relationship 关系relationship object 关系对象relationship type 关系类型remote data 远程数据remote Distributor 远程分发服务器remote login identification 远程登录标识remote partition 远程分区remote server 远程服务器remote stored procedure 远程存储过程remote table 远程表replicated data 已复制数据replication 复制replication conflict Viewer 复制冲突查看器replication monitor 复制监视器replication scripting 编写复制脚本replication topology 复制拓扑repository 知识库,数据贮存器repository engine 知识库引擎repository object 知识库对象repository SQL schema 知识库SQL架构repository type information model (RTIM) 知识库类型信息模型 (RTIM)resolution strategy 冲突解决策略response file响应文件restatement 复述result 结果result set 结果集return parameters 返回参数reusable bookmark 可再次使用的书签revoke 废除right outer join 右向外联接role 角色roll back 回滚roll forward 前滚root form 原形root user：根用户，超级用户row 行row aggregate function 行聚合函数row filter 行筛选row lock 行锁rowset 行集rule 规则sample data 示例数据save point 保存点scalar aggregate 标量聚合scheduled backup 已调度备份schedule：安排schema 架构schema rowset 架构行集Scott 演示用户，普通用户script 脚本scroll 滚动search condition 搜索条件security identifier 安全标识号security strategy安全策略seed database种子数据库segment段segmentation 分段select list 选择列表select query 选择查询self-join 自联接semantic object 语义对象semiadditive measure 半加法度量sensitive cursor 感知游标sequence 序列sequenced collection 顺序集合sequenced relationship 顺序关系serializable 可串行server cursor 服务器游标server name 服务器名称session 会话setup initialization file 安装程序初始化文件severity level 严重级别SGA:system global area 系统全局区shared dimension 共享维度shared lock 共享锁showplan 显示计划sibling 兄弟SID：System Identifier的缩写系统标识符single-user mode 单用户模式slice 切片smalldatetime data type smalldatetime 数据类型smallint data type smallint 数据类型smallmoney data type smallmoney 数据类型snapshot agent 快照代理程序snapshot agent utility 快照代理程序实用工具snapshot cursor 快照游标snapshot replication 快照复制solve order 求解次序sort order 排序次序source and target 源和目标source cube 源多维数据集source database 源数据库source object 源对象source partition 源分区sparsity 稀疏度specify inventory directory：指定存盘目录SQL:structured query language 结构化查询语言SQL collation SQL 排序规则SQL database SQL 数据库SQL expression SQL 表达式SQL Mail SQL 邮件SQL query SQL 查询SQL Server AuthenticationSQL Server 身份验证SQL Server Event Forwarding Server SQL Server 事件转发服务器SQL Server login SQL Server 登录SQL Server role SQL Server 角色SQL Server user SQL Server 用户SQL statement SQL 语句sql_variant data type sql_variant 数据类型stand-alone 独立，单机standard security 标准安全机制standby database备用数据库star join 星型联接star schema 星型架构statement permission 语句权限static cursor 静态游标static SQL statements 静态 SQL 语句step object 步骤对象storage structure存储结构store-and-forward database 保存与转发数据库stored procedure 存储过程string 字符串string functions 字符串函数structured query language (SQL)结构化查询语言 (SQL)structured storage file 结构化存储文件subject 主语subquery 子查询subscribe 订阅subscriber 订阅服务器subscribing server 订阅服务器subscription 订阅subscription database 订阅数据库subset 子集subset phrasing 子集句式subtask：子任务suite：一套superlative form 最高级synchronization 同步synonym 同义词syntax语法SYS 超级管理员SYSDBA 超级权限SYSTEM 普通管理员system administrator 系统管理员system catalog 系统目录system databases 系统数据库system functions 系统函数system stored procedures 系统存储过程system tables 系统表table 表table data type table 数据类型table lock 表锁table scan 表扫描tablespace 表空间table-level constraint 表级约束tabular data stream (TDS) 表格格式数据流 (TDS)tape backup 磁带备份target object 目标对象target partition 目标分区task 任务task object 任务对象tempdb database tempdb 数据库template模板temporary stored procedure 临时存储过程temporary table 临时表temporary tablespace 临时表空间text data type text 数据类型theta join theta 联接third-party service 第三方服务thread 线程time dimension 时间维度timestamp data type timestamp数据类型tinyint data type tinyint数据类型tool 工具trace file 跟踪文件training data set 培训数据集trait 特征trait phrasing 特征句式transaction 事务transaction log 事务日志transaction processing 事务处理transaction rollback 事务回滚transactional replication 事务复制Transact-SQL cursor Transact-SQL游标transformable subscription 可转换订阅transformation 转换trigger 触发器trusted connection 信任连接tuple 元组two-phase commit 两相提交unbalanced hierarchy 不均衡层次结构underlying table 基础表unenforced relationship 未强制关系Unicode collation Unicode 排序规则Unicode format Unicode 格式Union query 联合查询UNIQUE constraints UNIQUE 约束unique index 唯一索引uniqueidentifier data type uniqueidentifier 数据类型update 更新update lock 更新锁update query 更新查询update statistics 更新统计UPI:user program interface 用户程序接口user (account) 用户（帐户）user database 用户数据库user-defined data type 用户定义数据类型user-defined event 用户定义事件user-defined function 用户定义函数utility 实用工具value expression 值表达式varbinary data type varbinary 数据类型varchar data type varchar 数据类型variables 变量verb phrasing 动词句式verify 检查，校验vertical filtering 垂直筛选vertical partitioning 垂直分区very large dimension 超大型维度view 视图view generation 视图生成virtual cube 虚拟多维数据集virtual dimension 虚拟维度WHERE clause WHERE 子句wildcard characters 通配符字符wildcard search 通配符搜索word generation 字生成write back 写回write enable 写启用write-ahead log 预写日志XTerm：命令行终端。

数据库中英文术语基础理论英文术语中文释义data 数据database(DB) 数据库database system(dbs) 数据库系统database management system 数据库管理系统database administrator 数据库管理员relational model 关系模型relational database 关系型数据库relation 关系table 表网columnattribute 属性IOW 行tuple 元组record 记录domain 域key 键super key 超键candidate key 候选键primary key 主键foreign key 外键DQL 数据查询语句DDL 数据定义语句DML 数据操作语句DQL英文术语中文释义select 查询（选择）from 来自（表）where 条件范围order by 排序group by 分组having 分组条件union 合集union all 合集(重复数据多次显示)intersect 交集minues 差集and 与或主ornotfunction 单行函数aggregate functions 分组函数(多行函数，聚集函数）Cartesianproduct 笛卡尔积join 连接inner join 内连接(通常意义上的有效连接)outer join 外连接left outer join 左外连接right outer join 右外连接full outer join 全外连接nested subqueries 嵌套子查询DML和事务控制英文术语中文释义insert 新增（插入）into 进入values 值update 修改(更新)set 设置delete 删除commit 提交rollback 回滚DDL英文术语中文释义create 新建table 表default 默认值alter 修改add 添加modify 编辑drop 删除rename 重命名drop 删除truncate 截取constraint 约束not null 非空约束primary key 主键约束uniq。

数据库表名中英文对照表tbl_AMBoard AM板位描述表tbl_AMBoardCks 单板本板时钟参考源表tbl_AMBoardMap AM单板主备组表tbl_AMBoardProp AM单板属性表tbl_AMCcmHwCfg CCM平面HW配置表tbl_AMCksCfg AM时钟描述表tbl_AMDParamCfg AMD板参数配置表tbl_AMFrame AM框位描述表tbl_AMFrame AM框位描述表tbl_AMInstance AM话统实例表tbl_AMModule AM模块描述表（SM）tbl_AMModule AM模块描述表tbl_AMSideLinkDes AM侧门链路配置表tbl_AMSoftParam AM软件参数表tbl_AMWarnEnviCfg AM告警环境变量配置表tbl_AMWarnMask AM告警屏蔽表tbl_AOSLPHILink AO服务器链路配置表tbl_AOUserData AO用户业务表tbl_AT0TkGrp A T0中继群表tbl_AT4TkGrp A T4中继群表tbl_AccModeAna 计费制式分析表tbl_AccStatAna 计费情况分析表tbl_AccStateIdx 计费情况索引表tbl_AddComplexMode 附加费组合方式分析表tbl_AddMode 附加费制式分析表tbl_AddPayMode 附加费收费方式表tbl_AnalogConfig 模拟量配置表tbl_AreaCode 国内长途区号表tbl_AtuCellCfg A TU单板信元配置表tbl_AtuPvcCfg A TU单板PVC配置表tbl_AuxSig 补充信令表tbl_BiPoint 计费点分析表tbl_BoardDes 单板描述表tbl_BoardLoadInfo 单板加载信息表tbl_CDBFuncCfg 中央数据库功能配置表tbl_CDBFuncCfg 中央数据库功能配置表tbl_CFData 呼叫前转表tbl_CallDivReg 呼叫转接业务登记表tbl_CallPreProc 号首特殊处理表tbl_CallSrcCode 呼叫源表tbl_CalleeAna 被叫号码分析表tbl_CalleeGrpAcc 被叫分组计费表tbl_CalleeLimitGroup 被叫号码限呼组表tbl_CallerAna 主叫号码分析表tbl_CallerDistGroupISP 主叫号码甄别组ISP表tbl_CallerDistGroupSM 主叫号码甄别组SM表tbl_CdbFieldDef CDB/ISP字段定义表tbl_CdbTableDef CDB/ISP关系定义表tbl_CentrexCard ISP卡号数据表tbl_CentrexConsole CENTREX话务台表tbl_CentrexGrp CENTREX群数据表tbl_CentrexGrpAcc CENTREX群内计费表tbl_CentrexGrpInfo CENTREX长短号对照表tbl_CentrexNewService CENTREX号码分析表tbl_CentrexOutRight CENTREX出群权限表tbl_ChgDN 改号对照表tbl_CicModule CIC模块表tbl_CirSort 电路工程编号模块分布表tbl_ClockCfg 时钟配置表tbl_CountryCode 国家及地区代码表tbl_CugAttr CUG属性表tbl_CugData CUG数据表tbl_DBChange 号码变换表tbl_DChParam D通路参数表tbl_DateTypeAna 日期类别分析表tbl_DestLimit 目的码限呼表tbl_DnAllow 目的码允许表tbl_DvMethod 信息量计费制式表tbl_E16Base 单板时钟参考源输出选择表tbl_E1PortCfg E1端口配置表（SM）tbl_E1PortCfg E1端口配置表tbl_EMTkGrp EM中继群表tbl_ESLDev ESL设备数据表tbl_ESLUserData ESL用户数据表tbl_ESMBoardCks ESM单板本板时钟参考源表tbl_ESME16Base ESM单板时钟参考源输出选择表tbl_ETSUserData ETS用户数据表tbl_EcDevParaCfg EC参数配置表tbl_EcpBoardSrcCfg ECP资源配置表tbl_EcpBoardSrcCfg ECP资源配置表tbl_EmCallWatch 紧急呼叫观察表tbl_EsmE1Des ESM中继E1配置表tbl_FailProc 呼叫建立失败处理表tbl_FskV oltIndex FSK电平参数表tbl_GWHInfo 运营商信息表tbl_GrpLimit 组间呼叫指示表tbl_HWGrpDes HW描述表tbl_HslPortCfg HSL配置表tbl_IFMCardCfg SoftX IP配置表tbl_IFMCardCfg SoftX IP配置表tbl_IFMFuncCfg IFM功能配置表tbl_IFMFuncCfg IFM功能配置表tbl_INChargeRounding 计费舍入表tbl_INChargeSpecialty 业务计费特性表tbl_INChargeType 计费类别表tbl_INConfine IN业务制约关系表tbl_INDPCTable 远端信令点表tbl_INDPNewService DP点与新业务对应关系表tbl_INDPPrinciple 双IN业务在DP点的处理原则表tbl_INGTTranslation 全局码翻译表tbl_INHolidayDiscount 节假日折扣表tbl_INIPAddress IP物理地址表tbl_INIPCapacity IP业务能力数据表tbl_INIPConfig IP配置状态数据表tbl_INKeyNumber IN业务键值与序号对应表tbl_INLocalAssistRes 智能资源分配表tbl_INLocalCallerNumber IN业务本地呼叫主叫号码描述表tbl_INLongCallerNumber IN业务长途呼叫主叫号码描述表tbl_INMEMCardConfig MEM单板配置表tbl_INMEMParaConfig MEM参数配置表tbl_INModuleLogic 模块逻辑描述表tbl_INMsgIDToneID MessageID与信号音映射表tbl_INNewGT 新全局码表tbl_INNewServiceName 新业务名称与序号对应表tbl_INNormalDiscount 日常折扣表tbl_INNoteIndex 语音种类索引表tbl_INOffice 局TDP配置数据表tbl_INSCPAddress SCP物理地址表tbl_INSCPConfig SCP配置表tbl_INSPTStartCode SPT单板起始语音编码表tbl_INSRMModule SRM模块资源搜索表tbl_INSSPAddress SSP物理地址表tbl_INSSPCapacity SSP业务专用资源能力数据表tbl_INSSPModuleState SSP模块配置状态数据表tbl_INScfIDtoSCP SCP映射表tbl_INServNewRestrice IN业务与新业务制约关系表tbl_INSptSound SPT语音编码表tbl_INSspSpecialSig 业务特殊信令表tbl_INSubsystem 子系统表tbl_INTelephoneConfig 电话号码连续方案配置表tbl_INTimeDiscount 通话时长折扣表tbl_INWeekDiscount 星期折扣表tbl_ISPFuncCfg ISP功能配置表（SM）tbl_ISPFuncCfg ISP功能配置表tbl_ITCCardCfg ITC单板配置表tbl_InternetCfg IAU数据配置表tbl_IsdnData ISDN数据表tbl_JoinFrameOptCfg 接口框输出光路配置表tbl_LCCCardCfg LCC单板配置表tbl_LimitCallTime 按时间限呼组表tbl_LocalGrpAcc 本局分组计费表tbl_LocalOfficeInfo 本局信息表tbl_MGDev MG接入设备表tbl_MGDev MG接入设备表tbl_MTADesc MTA描述表tbl_MTKTkGrp MTK中继群表tbl_MTPDestSigPoint MTP目的信令点表tbl_MTPLink MTP链路表tbl_MTPLinks MTP链路集表tbl_MTPRoute MTP路由表tbl_MemInfo MEM查询表tbl_MeterRate 计次表费率表tbl_MeterType 计次制式表tbl_NMCallGap 网管呼叫间隙表tbl_NMCancelDeRoute 网管取消迂回路由表tbl_NMCircuitDirect 网管电路定向表tbl_NMCircuitReject 网管电路拒绝表tbl_NMCircuitReserved 网管中继预留控制表tbl_NMFlowCtlCircuit 流控电路控制表tbl_NMFlowCtlDest 流控目的码表tbl_NMHTRDes 网管HTR描述表tbl_NMInTkDest 网管发端目的码表tbl_NMLimDirectRoute 网管限制直达路由表tbl_NMOutTkDest 网管出局目的码表tbl_NMSkipSubRoute 网管跳跃子路由表tbl_NMSpecialTone 网管特殊通知音表tbl_NMTempRoute 网管临时路由表tbl_NewSerBill 新业务计费表tbl_No1Info 中继一号数据表tbl_No7Info 中继七号数据表tbl_NodeDes 主节点描述表tbl_Office 局向表tbl_OutCentrexPre 出群字冠描述表tbl_OutRight 号首呼出权限表tbl_PCMAttr PCM物理属性表tbl_PRA TkCircuit PRA信令链路表tbl_PRAUserData PRA用户数据表tbl_PbxUserGrp 小交用户群表tbl_PbxUserGrpDev 小交用户设备表tbl_PcmPulse PCM脉冲表tbl_PhoneSeg 号段表tbl_PostInfo 营业厅数据表tbl_PriorDef 优先级定义表tbl_PulseMod 脉冲参数表tbl_RSADesc RSA描述表tbl_RSAESCCfg ESC配置表tbl_RSMIIModuleSigLink RSMII模块信令链路表（SM）tbl_RSMIIModuleSigLink RSMII模块信令链路表tbl_ReleaseCtrlType 释放控制方式表tbl_Route 路由表tbl_RouteAna 路由分析表tbl_SMBoardProp SM单板扩展属性表tbl_SMCksCfg SMCKS时钟配置表tbl_SMClockDes 时钟描述表tbl_SMFrameDes 机框描述表tbl_SMIISigRoute SMII信令链路配置表（SM）tbl_SMIISigRoute SMII信令链路配置表tbl_SMInstance SM话统实例表tbl_SMModule SM模块描述表tbl_SMOptCfg SM模块光路链路配置表（SM）tbl_SMOptCfg SM模块光路链路配置表tbl_SMSideLinkDes SM侧门链路配置表tbl_SMThreshold SM话统阈值表tbl_SMWarnMask SM告警屏蔽表tbl_STDev ST设备数据表tbl_STUserData ST用户数据表tbl_Second 时刻数据表tbl_SemiPerm 半永久性连接表tbl_ServiceTrigger 超级触发业务登记表tbl_ServiceTriggerIdx 业务触发索引表tbl_ShelfDes 槽位描述表tbl_SigChange 信号变换表tbl_SigSetting 放音配置表tbl_SigSlot 信号音板时隙描述表tbl_SmFieldDef SM字段定义表tbl_SmTableDef SM关系定义表tbl_SoftParam 软件参数表tbl_SpDBChange 特殊号码变换表tbl_SpmBoardModule AM各板模块配置表tbl_SpmBoardModule AM各板模块配置表tbl_SpmCpcBoardCfg CPC板配置表tbl_SpmCpcBoardCfg CPC板配置表tbl_SpmE1Des SPM中继E1配置表tbl_SpmE1Des SPM中继E1配置表tbl_SpmHn7BoardCfg HN7板配置表tbl_SpmHn7BoardCfg HN7板配置表tbl_SpmMHIBoardCfg MHI板配置表tbl_SpmMHILinkTsCfg MHI链路时隙配置表tbl_SpmSptBoardCfg SPD板配置表tbl_SpmSptBoardCfg SPD板配置表tbl_SpmSrcBoardCfg SRC板单元配置表tbl_SpmSrcBoardCfg SRC板单元配置表tbl_SpmStaticSigDes SPM静态信号音描述表tbl_SrvCtrlLcs 业务权限控制表tbl_SubRoute 子路由表tbl_SubTrkGrp 中继群/子路由表tbl_TCIUserData TCI用户数据表tbl_Tandem 汇接信息表tbl_TestDevGrp 测试设备组表tbl_TimeIdx 时间索引表tbl_TimeSection 时间段描述表tbl_Timer 定时器数据表tbl_TkCircuit 中继电路表tbl_TkGrpLoad 中继群承载表tbl_TkGrpLoadIdx 中继群呼叫承载索引表tbl_TollCode 长途字冠描述表tbl_TrfTask 话统任务表（SM）tbl_TrfTask 话统任务表tbl_TrunkGroup 中继群表tbl_UserDataIdx 用户数据索引表tbl_UserDataIdxBAM 用户数据索引表(BAM)tbl_UserName 用户姓名表tbl_V5CChannel 物理C通道设定表tbl_V5CPath C路径配置表tbl_V5InterfaceData V5接口数据表tbl_V5PRADev V5PRA设备数据表tbl_V5PRATkCircuit V5PRA中继电路表tbl_V5STDev V5ST设备数据表tbl_V5STUserData V5ST用户数据表tbl_V5Var V5协议变量设定表tbl_WarnEnviCfg 告警环境变量配置表（SM）tbl_WarnParamCfg 告警信息参数配置表（SM）tbl_WarnParamCfg 告警信息参数配置表tbl_WeekTypeAna 星期类别分析表。