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SAP各层级概念SAP概念之Client（集团）Client（集团）是SAP系统的一个组织单元/结构。
该组织单元是最高层次的，也是所有实施SAP应用模块必须创建并维护的组织结构。
每个Client在与其他业务、组织、技术等方面与其他Client都是独立的，有各自的主数据和数据库表。
在Client层次设置的系统属性和参数，适用于于该Client下的所有公司/公司代码等其他组织架构/单元；所有的输入和产出、处理加工都是分Client进行的，即不跨Client处理。
这也就是说，一个单位多个公司，设置成多个Client后，则：（1）一个用户处理不同Client的业务，需要在每个Client下创建用户账号，并分配权限；（2）不同Client中公司的同一个客户、供应商、物料等等都必须在各自的Client下创建维护，不能在一个Client下一次性创建，多个Client共享。
R/3初始安装时，有两个默认的Client即000和001；这两个Client包含必要的默认配置内容，因此可以作为创建新Client的模板。
实务处理中，一个Client可以与一个公司对应，也可以与多个公司对应。
例如，一个集团，跨了很多行业，每个行业都有不少的公司。
此时，如何有效设置和管理Client？为了保证Client层次上的数据充分共享和一致，整个设置为一个Client，而其下的行业等可以通过其他维度，比如控制范围等来划分。
一个集团两个公司，设置为两个Client的，那么同一用户同时涉及到两个单位的业务，就必须为该用户在两个Client创建两个账户，分配两次权限。
这显然会增加维护工作量，并且难以保证Client层次上一些数据的一致性。
SAP概念之Company（公司）在SAP中，Company（公司）与Company Code（公司代码/公司码）是两个不同，但是又相联系的概念。
Company是根据相关法律规定出具财务报告的最小层次组织单元。
SAP项目管理模块介绍1. 简介SAP项目管理模块是SAP系统中的一个重要模块，用于帮助企业有效地规划、执行和监控项目。
该模块提供了一套完整的项目管理流程，包括项目计划、项目资源管理、项目执行、项目控制等功能，以满足组织内各种类型的项目的需求。
本文将详细介绍SAP项目管理模块的主要功能和特点。
2. 功能SAP项目管理模块提供了一系列功能，以支持项目的规划、执行和监控。
主要功能包括：SAP项目管理模块中的项目计划功能允许用户创建和管理项目计划。
用户可以定义项目的工作包、任务和里程碑，并将其组织成一个层次结构。
此外，用户还可以定义项目的时间表、资源要求和预算等项目计划的相关信息。
通过项目计划功能，用户可以确保项目的各项任务按照预定的时间表和资源要求进行。
2.2 项目资源管理SAP项目管理模块中的项目资源管理功能允许用户管理项目所需的资源。
用户可以定义项目所需要的人员、设备和材料，并将其分配给不同的任务。
此外，用户还可以跟踪资源的使用情况，以及根据需求进行资源的调整。
项目资源管理功能可以帮助用户有效地利用项目资源，提高项目的执行效率。
SAP项目管理模块中的项目执行功能允许用户监控项目的执行情况。
用户可以跟踪项目的进度、成本和质量等方面的指标，并根据需要进行调整。
此外，用户还可以与项目团队成员进行沟通和协作，以确保项目的顺利执行。
项目执行功能可以帮助用户及时发现并解决项目执行过程中的问题，从而保证项目能够按计划完成。
2.4 项目控制SAP项目管理模块中的项目控制功能允许用户进行项目控制和监控。
用户可以通过设置各种规则和限制来控制项目的执行，以确保项目按预定的方式进行。
此外，用户还可以根据项目的实际情况进行风险评估和决策，以及制定相应的措施。
项目控制功能可以帮助用户有效地控制项目的风险和成本，从而提高项目管理的效果。
3. 特点SAP项目管理模块具有以下特点：3.1 集成性SAP项目管理模块与SAP系统中的其他模块紧密集成，可以与财务、采购、物料管理等模块进行数据共享和协同工作。
周期中所用到的每一分钱。
1）投资控制。
投资控制应用程序集成了两项功能：资本支出计划和实际开支。
计划尤其变得越来越重要，各种各样的经济评估技术已经是许多投资决定的基础。
此系统提供了许多功能，包括把从前投资活动的实际结果纳入到系统中的能力。
它可以模拟使用不同的折旧方法和不同的利息计算方法，使能选出最佳的投资方案。
大规模投资项目所要求的管理功能由附加模块提供，用以对资源、用量、成本、期限等进行控制，井监控规定的预算。
该模块为定单和项目提供了一个全面的投资管理系统。
2）固定资产会计。
资产会计应用程序记录、计算并处理对资产的购置、变卖、转让、折旧和增记等，除了法律所要求的，还能得到内部会计所需要的其它方法。
此系统极其灵活：能自行对有关折旧、成本会计利息、保险以及授与物的显示进行定义。
报告功能不仅仅限于那些满足法定要求的技术。
种种补充功能还能够对最重要资产的评级和有关数据进行分析与评估。
此模块非常适合国际业务：特别是，如果添入世界各地所使用的不同折旧方法，此系统将更为理想。
3）技术资产管理。
好的维护对于资本资产投资起到保值作用，并会对这些资产在其生命周期中的价值变化产生相当的影响。
因此，对有关维护的定单的管理必须与整个资产管理系统紧密相连。
这个模块的功能包括对所有日常维护工作成本的计划、记录、分析和结算等。
它还给出维护工作对资产管理的影响程度。
对更为复杂的维护项目，可以用SAP所提供的项目系统模块（PS）里的功能来增强此模块。
项目系统模块是个全面集成化的项目管理系统，它能从资产管理的角度来监控大型的维护业务。
控制当今动态的市场、越来越短的产品周期以及越来越激烈的竞争致使人们对现代管理会计（控制）的要求远远超出了仅仅记录、归档及分发信息等传统任务。
现代成本控制要求一个能协调地计划、监控和管理各种工具的全面集成化系级。
这样一个系统要协助所有贯穿内部组织机构的业务活动都面向市场。
控制应用程序提供了一个用于控制的高级而复杂的系统，能根据特定的需求对之进行组织与修改。
About the T utorialSAP Quality Management is a part of SAP R/3 system and is integrated with other SAP modules like SAP Material Management (MM), Production Planning (PP), and Plant Maintenance (PM).QM is an integral part of logistic management and it is used to perform quality functions such as quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control, at various stages such as incoming material stage, in-process manufacturing process stage, and after production as well.This tutorial will walk you through the different features of SAP QM.AudienceThis tutorial is designed for all those readers who are willing to learn the basics of SAP QM. This is also useful for those readers who wish to refresh their knowledge of SAP QM. SAP Quality Management Consultants and QA’s at all levels can also draw benefits from this tutorial.PrerequisitesThe course is designed for beginners with little or no knowledge of Quality Management process. However, you need to have a basic understanding of SAP ERP to make the most of this tutorial.Copyright & DisclaimerCopyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Copyright & Disclaimer (i)Table of Contents (ii)1.SAP QM – Overview (1)2.SAP QM – Components (2)Quality Planning (2)Quality Assurance (2)Quality Control (2)Standard Reports (2)SAP QM – Functions (3)3.SAP QM – Integration (4)Integration with SAP MM (4)Integration with Production Planning (5)Integration with Sales and Distribution (5)Integration with Controlling (5)4.SAP QM – Master Data (6)Master Inspection Characteristics (MIC) (6)Creating a Master Inspection Characteristic (6)5.SAP QM – Inspection Methods (10)6.SAP QM – Sampling (12)7.SAP QM – Inspection Plan (15)8.SAP QM – Quality Info Records (18)9.SAP QM – Lot Inspection (21)10.SAP QM – Result Recording (22)11.SAP QM – Usage Decision (24)12.SAP QM – Listing Inspection Lot (26)13.SAP QM – In-process Inspection (27)14.SAP QM – Final Inspection (32)15.SAP QM – Defects Recording (39)16.SAP QM – Quality Notification (41)17.SAP QM – Benefits (46)18.SAP QM – Tables (47)19.SAP QM – Consultant Responsibilities (51)1.SAP QM – OverviewSAP QMSAP Quality Management is a part of SAP R/3 system and is integrated with other SAP modules like SAP Material Management (MM), Production Planning (PP), and Plant Maintenance (PM). QM is an integral part of logistic management and it is used to perform quality functions such as quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control, at various stages such as incoming material stage, in-process manufacturing process stage, and after production as well.With Quality Management module, you can implement the key modules of QM system as defined in manufacturing standards like ISO 9000.As SAP Quality Management is an integral part of SAP R/3 system, it performs the following key functions in manufacturing of goods-∙Quality Planning: Quality planning allows to plan the inspection of goods from the vendor, raw material, work-in-process, and final product∙Quality Notifications: Quality notification includes the defect identification and steps to be taken by quality department∙Quality Inspection: Here, quality results are captured and decision is taken as to whether an inspection lot is to be accepted or rejected.In the following diagram, you can see the key components that are involved in SAP Quality Management process.2.SAP QM – ComponentsSAP QMQuality PlanningQuality planning includes data for quality planning and how the quality process has to be performed?You perform Quality inspection plan. It is used to define the way you can inspect an item and the steps involved to perform an inspection. It also determines the characteristics of an item to be inspected and what equipment are required to perform an inspection. Inspection plan definition is an important part of the QM planning process. The inspection plan contains the number of characteristics of the item to be inspected and the list of tests to be performed for performing the inspection.Inspection planning can be done for raw material, work in progress and finished products. Quality AssuranceUnder Quality assurance, it includes the quality inspection.A Quality inspection involves someone from the quality department inspecting an item as per the defined points in inspection plan. You perform the inspection based on one or more inspection lots, where a lot is a request to inspect a specific item.In SAP system, you can create Inspection lot either manually by a user or automatically in the system.Quality ControlUnder Quality Control, you have quality notifications, standard reports, and Quality notification system. Quality control determine what actions need to be taken as after defects are detected.The quality notification process includes recording problem that is either identified by a customer for a product manufactured in an organization, or in a company against the product of a supplier/vendor.Quality notification can be raised internally to raise an issue that have arisen on the production line. A quality notification can be assigned to an existing order or you can also create a new order as per the quality notification.Standard ReportsYou can create reports in QM system to check how many times a product has been identified with a defect and improvement areas that your company has to implement. There are number of reports that can be generated in QM-SAP QMMaterial Defects ReportIt can be used to check the number of times an item has been identified with a defect status.Vendor Defect ReportThis report is used to show the number of defected material supplied by a vendor. This can be checked by examining the inspection lots of the goods received. A quality department can highlight vendors who have supplied material which are failing in inspection.Customer Defect ReportThis report is used to show the defects that were found on inspections for outbound deliveries. This helps the organization to improve the quality of goods delivered and hence raise the customer satisfaction.SAP QM – FunctionsThese functions comprise to form Quality Management process. In SAP QM system, you can perform the following functions-∙Quality Planning∙Quality Inspection∙Quality Control∙Quality Certificates∙Quality Notifications∙Test Equipment Management3.SAP QM – IntegrationSAP QMSAP QM is integrated with other SAP modules to perform the quality planning, inspection and control process. You can integrate this with the following modules- ∙SAP Material Management∙SAP Production Planning∙SAP Sales and Distribution∙SAP ControllingIntegration with SAP MMYou can integrate the following tasks of SAP MM with QM-∙Manage the quality details for materials, vendors and suppliers.∙Manage the releases for vendors and manufacturers and also monitor QM systems for suppliers.∙Manage the release status of delivery from vendor.∙Maintain quality agreements and RFP details when you request for a quotations and purchase orders is raised for vendors.∙Manage quality certificates for vendors.∙Using SAP QM process, you can initiate an inspection at the supplier site before the delivery due from the supplier.∙Trigger inspections for goods movements.∙SAP QM can be used to make and stop the vendor payments until you clear the inspection lot in the system.∙Manage the inventory of goods during the inspection and accept the cleared goods in the inventory system.∙You can also use SAP QM in material management to determine the characteristic values from quality inspections to define the batch number of produced material.∙Using SAP QM, you can evaluate vendors as per the quality scores, material provided and quality notification.Integration with Production PlanningYou can integrate SAP QM with Production Planning-∙To perform the inspection planning and work scheduling in SAP system.∙As part of SAP QM process, you can handle inspection characteristics and also define characteristics for the operation.∙You can manage quality inspections for manufacturing orders.∙Using SAP QM, you can set up the final inspection from the goods receipt after production process is complete.∙You can use QM process to manage partial lots of a material during production, which are different in quality.∙You can confirm the quality information as per manufacturing orders.∙Using SAP QM, you can monitor the production quality with the help of control charts and reports in Production planning.Integration with Sales and DistributionYou can integrate SAP QM with Sales and Distribution to perform the following activities- ∙You can manage quality information related to customer for sales and distribution process.∙In SAP QM system, you can initiate an inspection when a delivery is created againsta purchase order.∙You can manage quality in sales & distribution by performing quality notifications and RCA’s and by processing customer complaints to improve customer satisfaction. Integration with ControllingYou can integrate SAP QM with controlling process to manage the costs for defect control and non-confirmative costs in production process.End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://。
