职称英语理工B 阅读第十七篇 译文及解析

职称英语考试真题理工类B级阅读理解（文字版）Can you hear This ?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium (礼堂)，listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls , floor ,and ceiling . These are called the reflected wave or reverberant (反射的) sound , which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium .It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls , ceiling, floor , and contents of the room (including the people ) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time . The light ,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between .Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design .Smooth , curved (弯曲的)reflecting surfaces create large reflections . Parallel (平行的)walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid ,repetitive pulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect. Large pillars (柱)and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and relectors to change the reverberation time of a room .For example , hanging large reflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.1.This Passage is mainly aboutA sound waves and their acoustic effect .B the types of music orchestras playC walls of an auditoriumD the design of an auditorium2.Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with~ 2 / 3 ~A a short reverberation timeB a long reverberation timeC an intermediate reverberation timeD no reverberation time3.This passage suggests that a good auditorium shouldA achieve a pleasing mixture of soundB get rid of all reflectionsC not have absorbers.D have smooth surfacesrge pillars and corners mayA make sound rich and fullB be cures for sound problemsC be sources of sound problemsD function as well as clouds5.The word “acoustic “in the last paragraph has something to do withA performanceB MusicC soundD noiseSmart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting，but the light coming through the window also provides heat.However，windows are notsomething people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology.Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist.He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3.“It’s contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So，windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.Yet，windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control.In the winter，cold air leaks in.When it’s hot and sunny，sunlight streams in.All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy.And all of this extra heat forces people to turn ontheir air conditioners.Producing blasts of cold air，which can feel so refreshing，actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years，scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating，glazing，and layering windows to make them more energy efficient.Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color.For example，a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery.Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed，that is，when the amount of voltage is decreased，the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away.So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other.Then，it stays that way.Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes，depending on the size of the window.The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“In the future,” Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different.”练习：1. Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?A Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.2. When are windows the weak link in a building?A In the cold winter.B In the hot summer.C When air conditioners are turned on.D Both A and B.3. What are smart windows，according to Paragraph 4?A Windows that are coated.B Windows that are glazed.C Windows the color of which can be changed.D Windows that have many layers.4. To make electrochromic windows change color，what is applied to the windowglass?A Electricity.B Tungsten oxide.C A battery.D A voltage.5. What will he the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful，according to the last paragraph?A The buildings will look different.B Windows can be as large as you want.C We may not need air conditioners any more.D They are less expensive than traditional windows.词汇：flip n.比喻意为“最先进的，科技含量的”。

职称英语（理工类）B级模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．The blaze has blackened about 389,000 acres and destroyed 11 buildings.A．lightB．windC．fireD．smog正确答案：C解析：本题难度不大，考查单词的基本意义，干扰项干扰不强，blaze指“大火”，比较明显，C项是近义词，是答案。

2．The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A．smilingB．laughingC．shoutingD．staring正确答案：D3．Heavy rains that fell in early June have eased a prolonged drought.A．expandedB．frustratedC．lubricatedD．relieved正确答案：D解析：本题难度不大，考查单词的基本意义，干扰项干扰不强。

ease指“缓解”，比较明显，D项是近义词，是答案。

4．Everybody was glad to see Mary back.A．sorryB．sadC．angryD．happy正确答案：D5．Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.A．controlB．contributeC．conveyD．contact正确答案：A解析：根据搭配结构含义(……事件)判断A(控制)合适。

该句含义是“成功的领导者是事先主导整个事件而不是事后才做反应”。

Contribute v“捐献，贡献，投稿”：convey vt．“搬运，传达”：contact n．“接触，联系”vt．“接触，联系”。

2015职称英语综合B阅读理解原文与译文新版教材王霞老师提示：阅读理解是职称英语考试的关键得分点，可谓“得阅读者得天下”。

在新形势下，唯有踏踏实实的去读、去掌握这些教材内的材料，提高阅读速度，培养阅读能力，才是最应该做的事情。

建议考生熟读以下文章，最好是边阅读边理解，掌握译文。

十七Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔Some2 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble3. Japanese,Brazilians, Americans —they graffiti4their names,loves and politics on the cold iron —transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move5.世界各地的人们都来到大约300米高，接近埃菲尔铁塔顶端的地方涂鸦。

日本人、巴西人、美国人都在冰冷的铁上涂上自己的名字、喜好和政治观点，使这最具有法兰西色彩的纪念碑成为动感世界的象征。

With Paris laid out in miniature6below，it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view7. But the graffiti also raises a question ：Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed,and decades after it ceased to be the world, s tallest structure,is la Tour Eiffel still so popular8?从塔上可以看到巴黎市的远景，但奇怪的是观光者们宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹，而不去观赏风景。

第四部分阅读理解第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。

但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。

“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。

”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需6小时。

通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。

昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。

日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。

丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。

“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。

福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。

”Roger Higman，英国Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。

日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。

混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。

福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。

不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。

六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。

制造商希望修改此法令，允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。

阅读理解B级第一至三十三篇为译文及解释第十一篇已考过，不再复习，第二十九篇为2014年新增文章，应重点复习第一篇Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor company‘s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．General Motors。

and Honda‘cease d production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。

700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．―The bottom line is we don‘t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market．‖Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．―We feel we have given electric our best shot‖The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors‘EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。

职称英语理工类B级-17(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.∙ A. beats∙ B. matches∙ C. maintains∙ D. announces（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] break有多种含义。

break是“打破，违犯，折断，超过”，而备选项中只有A有“打”的含义，所以判断beat是答案。

该句含义是“在奥运会上每当运动员打破了以往的比赛记录人们就会为之而欢呼兴奋。

”另外，maintain, announce和match都是常见词，基本含义分别是“保持”，“宣布”和“比得上”。

如：maintain the balance of nature保持自然平衡：announce the winner of the competition 宣布比赛的获胜者；match my strength against yours和你较量力气。

2.It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.∙ A. pulled down∙ B. rebuilt∙ C. renovated∙ D. whitewashed（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] demolish这个动词的意思就是“拆毁，毁掉，推翻”，故pull down是正确答案。

其他几个选项均可和houses搭配，但意义和原句不同。

rebuild是“重建”。

如：The house was rebuilt after the fire. 房屋在大火后重建。

职称英语真题理工类B级试题阅读理解及答案Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a GlanceBored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly."The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, "says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midas touch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and isexpected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______A. change our computer screen.B. focus on anything that interests us.C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.D. move an object from screen with a glance.32. Why is a button needed?A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.B. To choose as many objects as possible.C. To make EyeDrop different from others.D. To select what we want.33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.B. interaction between human and computer.C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.D. generalization of EyeDrop system.34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices.A. They are costly.B. They are available.C. They are installed in Google Glass headset.D. They are expected to come out soon.35. What is Turner likely to study next?A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.B. How to present the system in public.C. How to get touch screen involved.D. How to cut and paste content from a public display. 答案：DDCDC。

xx年职称英语理工B级阅读理解答案及解析以下是关于xx年理工B阅读理解答案及解析，供同学们参考。

Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world’s highest munities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.1 Research has hinted that newbornsin mountain munities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levelsat high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor pared with those living lower down. To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-ine families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz wereheavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born athigh altitude are deprived of2 oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.3 ‘‘ says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads pared with their bodies4. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body5.Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠) of taller indigenous(土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production e increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birdsnest and hide from predators(捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat the coffee plants, but them the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and caneven enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown” and “bird friendly.” Sure, thesevarieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the pla.I think it’s worth it.More Rural Research Is Needed1 Agricultural research funding is vital if the worldis to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead1。

第二部分阅读判断（3-12页）第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇El Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics第五篇Recue Platform* 第六篇Microchip Research Center Created * 第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England * 第八篇What is dream* 第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude * 第十篇Thy biology of music第三部分概括大意和完成句子（13-23页）第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 第二篇Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination 第三篇Icy Microbes第四篇Compact Disks第五篇LED Lighting* 第六篇How We Form First Impression * 第七篇Screen Test* 第八篇The Mir Space Station* 第九篇More Rural Research Is Needed * 第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language 第四部阅读理解（24-56页）第一篇Ford Abandons Electric V ehicles 第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇Citizen Scientists第四篇Motoring Technology第五篇Late-Night Drinking第六篇Making Light of Sleep第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones 第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇An Essential Scientific Process（2015年新增）第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers 第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass 第十三篇Invisibility Ring第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers 第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly 第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth *第十七篇A Sunshade for the Planet *第十八篇Thirst for Oil*第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience*第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep*第二十一篇Plant Gas*第二十二篇Real-World Robots（2015年新增）*第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze.*第二十四篇Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe*第二十五篇Eat to Live*第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently*第二十七篇Driven to Distraction*第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories*第二十九篇I will Be Bach*第三十篇Digital Realm*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive第五部分补全短文（57-66页）第一篇Mobile phones第二篇Baby Talk (2016新增)第三篇Common Questions About Dreams (2016新增)第四篇The Bilingual Brain第五篇 A Record-BreakingRover（2015年新增）* 第六篇The Apgar Test (2016新增)* 第七篇Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job (2016新增)* 第八篇Watching Microcurrents Flow* 第九篇Lightening Strikes（2015年新增）* 第十篇How deafiness Makes It Easier to Hear第六部分完型填空（67-76页）第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety第三篇Giant Structures第四篇Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind* 第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely* 第七篇An Intelligent Car* 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures* 第九篇Wonder Webs* 第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness。

最新职称英语理工B部分阅读真题含答案阅读理解：Hurricane KatrinaA hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.The seed for hurricane formation5 is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed when thesea-surface temperature exceeds 27℃ and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere.Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain - releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane.When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wetand grey weather systems are known as depressions. Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake - almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have been displaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression. The cost of thedamage may top $100 billion.。

理工类职称英语B级模拟试题（阅读理解）2017年理工类职称英语B级模拟试题(阅读理解)在职称英语考试的'所有题型中，阅读理解的得分权重最大，占试卷总分的45%，所以大家要多加练习阅读题。

以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于理工类职称英语B级模拟试题(阅读理解)，供大家备考。

第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。

第一篇The Issue of PackageMaybe everyone has such an experience that you have to unwrap several layers of packaging when you enjoy a piece of candy. But this overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping.The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment.Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies, washed out,and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles.The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handyplastic packs.It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and reuse of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and make things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more advanced approach to using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.31. "This overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. " (Line 2, Paragraph 1) means __________.A. more wrapping is needed for ordinary productsB. more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary productsC. too much wrapping is used for both luxury and ordinary productsD. the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary32. Packaging is important to manufacturers because __________.A. it is easy to use it againB. shoppers are interested in beautiful packagingC. they want to attract more shoppersD. packaged things will not go rotten33. According to the passage, dairies are __________.A. experimenting with the use of paper bottlesB. giving up the use of glass bottlesC. increasing the use of plastic bottlesD. re-using their paper containers34. Some environmentalists think that __________.A. plastic packaging should be made more convenientB. no alternative can be found to plastic packagingC. too much plastic is wastedD. shops should stop using plastic containers35. The author thinks thatA. packing is actually useless and could be ignoredB.people will soon stop using packaging altogetherC.enough research has been done into recyclingD.it is better to produce new materials than to re—tlSe old ones第二篇Electric BackpackBackpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don't mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. have invented a backpack thatmakes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions search-and-rescue operations and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cellphones global positioning system (GPS) receivers,night-vision goggles, and other battery powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpack's electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer's load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept.9 science.The backpack's electricity-creating powers depend onsprings used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearer's back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts.Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack's oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren't on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!36. Backpacks are convenient because __________.A o they can be verylargeB. they can hold as many things as you want to carryC. your handsare freed to do other thingsDo you do not have to carry things withyou37. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented byLawrence C.Romeand his colleagues?A. It produces electricity forelectronic devices while the wearer walks.B. It can be used as cellphones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.C. It is small andconvenient.D. It is light and easy to carry.38. The word "'springs" in Paragraph 3 means __________.A. a small stream of water flowing naturally from theearthB. the season of the year, occurring between winter and summerC. the act or an instance of jumping or leapingD. a length of metal woundaround, which returns to its original shape afterbeing pushed39. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?A. To make the backpackmore comfortable for the wearer.B. To put the backpack on the market.C. To test the advantage of the backpack.D. To promote the backpack in anewspaper or on television.40. What is implied in "if you do get oneeventually, just make sure to look bothways before crossing the street!"?A. You will be too excited to watch the traffic.B. Enjoyingelectronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.C. It is notpossible for you to get such a backpack.D. It is wise of you to have such abackpack.第三篇Invisibility RingScientists can't yet make an invisibility cloak like the one that Harry Potter uses. But, for the first time, they've constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves.When a person "sees" an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize the sensations andreconstruct the object's original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away.Invisibility isn't possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light, microwaves are a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultravioletmys, X rays, and gamma rays. The wave lengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.The scientists' new "invisibility device" is the size of a drink coaster and shaped likearing. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves strike thering, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths.To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring, it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So, the ring is effectively invisible.When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring, it, too, is nearly invisible.However, the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves, not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet.41. Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientists __________.A. can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he usesB. try to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he usesC. try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he usesD. know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind42. What is true of microwaves?A. Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light.B. Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.C. They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy.D. They are visible to the human eye.43. What is NOT true of the invisibility device?A. It is made of a special material with unusual ability.B. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it.C. Microwaves pass through it when they strike it.D. It bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side.44. What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage?A. A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.B. A vessel engaged in coastal trade.C. A roller coaster.D. A resident of a coastal area.45. Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet, because __________.A. scientists have not found out how his cloak worksB. the cloaking device is a total failureC. the cloaking device works only for microwavesD. the cloaking device works only for visible light 【2017年理工类职称英语B级模拟试题(阅读理解)】。

第17篇-A Sunshade for the Planet地球防晒霜就算怀着最美好的愿望，仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。

很明显，即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放，气候的变化无常仍能导致极速变暖和海平面上升。

另一方面，受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠，气候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。

’幸好，如果被逼上绝路，科学家们还有最后几招。

在大多数情况下，他们拒绝讨论这些施，害怕人们会因此沾沾门喜而使这个问题不能被彻底解决。

至少目前是这样。

越来越多的研究者相信一项大型的地质丁程建设可用来抵御全球变暖。

斯坦福大学的一位气象学家Stephen Schneider最早提出气候变暖这项议题的学者之一。

他说：“我把它比作美沙酮。

如果你那里有一个海洛因瘾者，那么正确的治疗方法就是住院，接受长时间的康复治疗。

拒绝正常住院治疗，那服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。

”总体思路是给地球也涂上防晒霜。

一个天文学家突发奇想，想借此冷却地球：发射亿万轻如羽毛的碟片进入太空形成巨大“云层”以阻碍太阳光。

这个想法备受争议，但最近的研究表明，有—些方法可以控制到达地球表面的阳光以抵消温室效应产生的气候变暖。

全球气候模型表明，阻断百之一点八的太阳能刚好可以抵消大气中双倍的温室气体所引起的气候变暖现象。

这个想法影响深远，因为即使采取最严格的控制气体排放措施，到本世纪末，二氧化碳量仍会翻倍。

并且这种情况将再持续至少一个世纪。

1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks thatC despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.2. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don’t want people toC think the problem has been solved.3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.4. What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?C To apply sunscreen to the Earth.5. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the last paragraph?D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.★第18篇-Thirst for Oil石油匮乏全世界每天都要消耗相当于亿桶石油的能源。

2016年职称英语等级考试教材短文及译文（理工类B级）目录第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇El Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics第五篇Recue Platform* 第六篇Microchip Research Center Created* 第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England* 第八篇What is dream* 第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude* 第十篇Thy biology of music第三部分概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing第二篇Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination第三篇Icy Microbes第四篇Compact Disks第五篇LED Lighting* 第六篇How We Form First Impression* 第七篇Screen Test* 第八篇The Mir Space Station* 第九篇More Rural Research Is Needed* 第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language第四部阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇Citizen Scientists第四篇Motoring Technology第五篇Late-Night Drinking第六篇Making Light of Sleep第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇An Essential Scientific Process第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇Invisibility Ring第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth*第十七篇A Sunshade for the Planet*第十八篇Thirst for Oil*第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience*第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep*第二十一篇Plant Gas*第二十二篇Real-World Robots*第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze.*第二十四篇Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe*第二十五篇Eat to Live*第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently*第二十七篇Driven to Distraction*第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories*第二十九篇I will Be Bach*第三十篇Digital Realm*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive 第五部分补全短文第一篇Mobile phones第二篇Baby Talk (2016新增)第三篇Common Questions About Dreams (2016新增)第四篇The Bilingual Brain第五篇 A Record-BreakingRover* 第六篇The Apgar Test (2016新增)* 第七篇Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job (2016新增)* 第八篇Watching Microcurrents Flow* 第九篇Lightening Strikes* 第十篇How deafiness Makes It Easier to Hear第六部分完型填空第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety第三篇Giant Structures第四篇Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind* 第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely* 第七篇An Intelligent Car* 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures* 第九篇Wonder Webs* 第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness第一篇 Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or 1 LEDs, are used ineverything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington.This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors.“Any time you get an award, big or little 2, it’s always a surprise.” Holonyak said.Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school 3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric 4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches 5.Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while hiscolleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentallyfriendly and cost effective.Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn’t realize how many uses they would have.“You don’t know in the beginning. You think you’re doing something important, you think it’s worthdoing, but you really can’t tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don’t know.” he said.The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,” that can separate molecules by size.第一篇 LED 的发明者当 Nick Holonyak 着手用半导体含金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时候，同事们都认为他不现实。

最新职称英语理工B部分阅读真题含答案阅读理解：Hurricane KatrinaA hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.The seed for hurricane formation5 is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27℃and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere.Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain - releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane.When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions. Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake - almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have been displaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression. The cost of thedamage may top $100 billion.。