江苏师范大学2012届英语师范专业泛读教程题型

江师大学位英语考试真题English:The Jiangsu Normal University Academic English Exam measures a student's proficiency in four areas: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The reading section includes passages that test a student's understanding of vocabulary in context, main ideas, supporting details, inference, and author's purpose. The writing section requires students to write both short and long responses, including a formal letter or email and an essay. The listening section involves recorded dialogues, monologues, and lectures, with questions that test a student's comprehension of main ideas, supporting details, inference, and context. Finally, in the speaking section, students complete tasks such as describing a picture, giving an opinion, and having a conversation with the examiner.Translated content:江苏师范大学学术英语考试主要测试学生在阅读、写作、听力和口语方面的水平。

江苏师范大学二学历公共英语试卷第一部分听力理解第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is the woman going to do?A Have a coffee.B Attend a meeting.C Clean her office.2. What does the woman ask for?A A dress of different size.B A dress of better quality.C A dress of a bright color.3. What does the man want to do?A Take his leave.B Borrow a ladder.C Clean the roof.4. What will the woman probably do next?A Go to the man's place.B Reserve an exhibition hall.C Call the Hillsboro Hotel.5. Where are the speakers?A At home.B In a museum.C In the city square.第二节各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

1. Why has the man hardly seen the woman lately?A She had a traffic accident.B She moved to another place.C She is working unusual hours.2. Where does the conversation take place?A In an apartment.B At a bus stop.C In an office.3. What does the man have to do now?A Plan a trip.B Look for a job.C Make a decision.4. What does the woman think of the journey to SouthAmerica?A Exciting.B Dangerous.C Expensive.5. What advice does the woman give to the man?A Staying at home.B Going abroad.C Opening a bookstore.6. What is the radio program for?A Discussing language skills.B Promoting community service.C Sharing personal feelings.7. What is the second point Prof. Sheffield mentioned?A To conclude the article.B To introduce main ideas.C To give details and facts.8. What makes an excellent article according to Prof. Sheffield?A Detailed facts.B Personal style.C Formal language.9. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A A summer job.B A food company.C A birthday party.10. What does the man's company do?A Offer food services.B Organize concerts.C Design furniture.11. What will the man do before the party?A Play music.B Cook food.C Set tables.12. What does the woman think of the man's work?A Difficult.B Interesting.C Valuable.13. What do the Hoffmans do for a living?A They are gardeners.B They sell vegetables.C They run a guesthouse.14. How much direct sunshine do tomato plants actually need every day?A Five hours.B Eight hours.C Twelve hours.15. Why do Irish potatoes grow better in the shade?A They have deeper roots.B They have wider leaves.C They have bigger flowers.第二部分阅读理解第一节短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

大一下学期英语期末考试试题及答案江苏师范大学1、3．Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] *A．nearB．far away fromC．to the east ofD．in the east of(正确答案)2、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found3、--What’s the _______ like today?--Cloudy. [单选题] *A. skyB. airC. landD. weather(正确答案)4、—What’s wrong with you, Mike?—I’m really tired because I studied for today’s test ______ midnight last night. （）[单选题] *A. althoughB. unlessC. until(正确答案)D. so that5、What about _______ there by bike? [单选题] *A. goesB. wentC. goD. going(正确答案)6、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would7、The bookstore is far away. You’d better _______ the subway. [单选题] *B. take(正确答案)C. missD. get8、She is _______, but she looks young. [单选题] *A. in her fifties(正确答案)B. at her fiftyC. in her fiftyD. at her fifties9、91．—Do you live in front of the big supermarket?—No. I live ________ the supermarket ________ the post office. [单选题] *A．across; fromB．next; toC．between; and(正确答案)D．near; to10、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherD. both(正确答案)11、12．Who will ________ the Palace Museum after Shan Jixiang retires? [单选题] *A．in chargeB．in charge ofC．be in charge of (正确答案)D．be in the charge of12、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...onD．into...on13、48．—________ is your new skirt, Lingling?—Black. [单选题] *A．HowB．What colour(正确答案)C．WhichD．Why14、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves15、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the16、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with17、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for18、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who19、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach20、Mum is ill. I have to _______ her at home. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look forC. look outD. look forward to21、The plane arrived at London airport _______ Wednesday morning. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. atC. inD. for22、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)23、I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. [单选题] *A. orB. andC. soD. but(正确答案)24、I saw the boy _______?the classroom. [单选题] *A. enter intoB. enter(正确答案)C. to enter intoD. to enter25、45．—Let's make a cake ________ our mother ________ Mother's Day.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．with; forB．for; on(正确答案)C．to; onD．for; in26、With all the work on hand, he _____ to the cinema last night. [单选题] *A.should goB.must have goneC.might goD..shouldn’t have gone(正确答案)27、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)28、_______, making some DIY things is fashionable. [单选题] *A. Stand outB. In ones opinionC. In my opinion(正确答案)D. Out of fashion29、Online shopping _______ very popular now. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. wasD. were30、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)。

高纲1546江苏省高等教育自学考试大纲27036英语泛读（三）南京师范大学编江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室I 课程的性质和学习目的英语泛读（三）是江苏省高等教育自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程，是英语专业阅读能力培养与拓展的基础课程。

本课程旨在通过选题各异的经典文献阅读，帮助学生丰富词汇量，接触理解各种语言现象，提升英文阅读中应具备的基本阅读基本技能与逻辑思维能力，并深入了解英语语言文化背景知识，从而提高自身人文素养。

本课程中的阅读篇章蕴含多样的题材、风格，可以丰富学生各个领域方面的词汇量，拓展学习者的知识面，增强英语语感，逐步培养学生在阅读过程中的分析、归纳、综合和判断的能力，提高学生的阅读技能，包括细读、略读、查阅等能力。

本课程的阅读文章皆为经典性的、具独特精神内涵的文章，故而有助于提高学生阅读过程中的批评思辨能力和分析欣赏能力，有助于学生从西方传统文化以及现当代文化中汲取精华，更激发学生自我强烈的阅读兴趣，为进一步提高专业英语水平打下坚实的基础。

本课程的难点在于，阅读过程中会涉及各方面的英语词汇以及不同文化背景知识，这要求学生在阅读过程中借助于工具书或各种媒介查阅相关的文化背景知识，这样才能更好地理解文章。

II 课程内容与学习要求本课程共分十二个单元，每个单元有Text A和Text B两篇阅读材料。

每篇阅读材料中的生词、难词备有注释，这些注释有意识地给读者提供了一定的选词空间，这就要求学生根据文章上下文的语境作出正确的词义选择。

每篇课文后面，附有一些文化背景方面的提示解说，有助于阅读者深入了解作者本人以及文章选题的背景。

每个单元后面都有针对性较强的练习。

回答问题和正误判断部分主要是考察学生对原文语篇内容的理解。

解释划线部分以及翻译原文中的词组表述是对学生在特定上文中的把握单词、词组语义的检测，更好地突出语境中学习语言的重要性。

阅读评述讨论部分旨在训练学生口头及笔头的表达能力，可以引导学生有意识地对论题进行批评性思考，深刻领会西方文化的内涵。

湖北城市建设职业技术学院国际班考试纸2011 --- 2012学年第一学期I. Match the term in the left column with the meaning in the right column.(10points)1. apply A. 可疑的2. interview B. 践踏3. corridor C. 尴尬的4. appearance D. 永久5. postman E. 平邮6. ordinary mail F. 邮递员7. for good G. 外表8. suspiciously H. 走廊9. trample I. 面试10. embarrassed J. 申请II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the12. Dogs may be employed to sniff out earthquake victims buried ____the rubble(碎石) of a collapsed building.13. All the costs of the repairs will be ____by the company.14. If we were not allowed to keep animals as pets, some old people would be much more lonely, because pets are their good____.15. The traffic____ along in the thick fog at ten miles an hour.16. The tree at the roadside fell on the top of his car and ____it.17. She soon became aware that the new dress she had just bought was not ____to a tropical climate.18. He ____with fear as he waited for them to announce the results.19. They have been informed that their plans are ____to the minister’s approval.20. All these years he has managed to ____ the poor land and support a family of seven.III. Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb.(20points)21. He got off the train a hurry and left behind his suitcase.22. At last the war came an end and they were able to return to their country.23. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _____children as Coca-Cola.24. The people there are still fighting to gain their freedom ____foreign control.25. She has many faults, but we are all very fond ____her.26. They checked the train tickets to make sure that people did not travel ____paying.27. The computer has brought about surprising changes ____the way we organize and produce information.28. Intelligent as he is, he cannot work ____the solution to the problem.29. The little girl was _____tears because she has lost her mother.30. Finding herself followed by a stranger, she quickened her steps and soon threw him____ at the corner.IV. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.(20points)31. 像往常一样，那天晚上我们十点左右就去睡觉了。

课文答案Unit 1Text: Exercises A. dB. 1.c 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.b 8.aD. 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.d 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.b9.a10.aFast Reading: 1.a 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.d 9.d 10.c 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.d15.aHome Reading: 1.d 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.aUnit 2Text: Exercises A. aB.1.b 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.b 7.a 8 .b 9.a 10.cD.1.b 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.c 8.d 9.cFast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.d 9.d 10.b 11.d 12.c 13.c 14.d 15.bHome Reading: 1.d .2.a 3.d 4.d 5.b 6.d 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.dUnit 3Text: Exercises A. cB. 1.b 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.bD. 1.a 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.c 8.a 9.d 10.b 11.c 12.c 13.a 14.dFast Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.d 9.b 10.b 11.b 12.b 13.d 14.a 1 5.dHome Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.bUnit 4Text: Exercises A. bB.1.c 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.d 9.b 10.d 11.cD. 1.d 2.b 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.dFast Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.b 10.d 11.c 12.a 13.c 14.c 15.d Home Reading: 1.d 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.d 7.b 8.aUnit 5Text: Exercises A. aB. 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.aD. 1.d 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.d 9.a 10.d 11.b 12.c 13.aFast Reading: 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.c 8.b 9.d 10.c 11.a 12.c 13.c 14.c 15.cHome Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.aUnit 6Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.c 8.dD. 1.d 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.b 10.a 11.b 12.cFast Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.c 8.d 9.a 10.b 11.b 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.cHome Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.b 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.c 10.bUnit 7Text: Exercises A. cB. 1.c 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.cD. 1.a 2.d 3.c 4.d 5.a 6.a 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.d 11.a 12.b 13.cFast Reading: 1.a 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.d 7.b 8.d 9.c 10.b 11.d 12.b 13.b 14.c 15.dHome Reading: 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.cUnit 8Text: Exercises c.B. 1.d 2. c 3.b 4.b 5 a. 6. c 7.a 8.cD. 1. c2.d 3.a 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. c 9. b 10.b 11.d 12.d 13.d 14.c 15.dFast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3. a 4. a 5. d 6. b 7c . 8. d 9. d 10. c 11.d 12. d 13. d 14.c 15.d Home Reading: 1.a 2. d 3. d 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.d 8. bUnit 9Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.cD. 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.d 7.a 8.b 9.c 10.a 11.c 12.a 13.b 14.c 15.a 16.c17.d 18.b 19.aFast Reading: 1.a 2.ac3.c 4.d 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.d 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.dHome Reading: 1.b 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.a 9.d 10.dUnit 10Text: Exercises A. cB. 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.c 5.b 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.cD. 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.d 7.d 8.a 9.c 10.a 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.aFast Reading: 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.d 10.a 11.d 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.bHome Reading: 1.c2.c 3.c4.a 5.d 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.b 10.cUnit 11Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.b 2.a 3.a 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.cD. 1.d 2.a 3.a 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.c 10.aFast Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.a 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.bHome Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.a 10.cUnit 12Text: Excises A. bB. 1.d 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.b 7.c 8.d 9.cD. 1.b 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.b 9.c 10.b 11.b 12.a 13.c 14.b 15.aFast Reading: 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.c 9.b 10.c 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.d 15.aHome Reading: 1.d 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.b 7.cUnit 13Text: Exercises bB. 1.a 2.b3.b 4.d5.c 6.a 7. c 8.c 9.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.c 9. c10.c 11. d 12. b 13.d 14.aFast Reading: 1.d 2.a 3.d 4.d5.d 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.a 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.dHome Reading: 1.b 2.c 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.b 7.cd 8.a d.a 10.b 11.dUnit 14Text: Exercises cB. 1c. 2.d 3.b 4.b 5.d 6.d 7.c 8.d 9.d 10.dD. 1.c. 2.d 3.b 4.a 5. d 6.d 7.a 8. a 9.b 10.a 11.c 12.a 13.a 14.d Fast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.b 4. a 5.d 6.d 7. d 8.b 9.c 10. c 11.d 12.b 13.c 14. d15.bHome Reading: 1. c2. c 3. c 4. a 5.a 6. c 7.c 8.dUnit 15Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.a 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.b 9.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.b 7.a 8.a 9.d 10.bFast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.c 11.c 12.b 13.a 14.d 15.dHome Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.d 7.d 8.b 9.课后翻译Unit 1Text天才与工匠许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说，但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。

Unit 4 Abstracts （2hs）1. Definition of AbstractsAn abstract is a brief and self-contained summary and an accurate representation of the contents of a document such as a research paper, a journal artic le, thesis, review, conference proceeding, and other academic documents. The purpose of an abstract is to provide prospective readers the opportunity to judge the relevance of the longer work of their projects.In scientific writing, the abstract is the condensed version, or the “mini-version” of the paper. Since abstracts are included with various kinds of scientific publications or appear alone in all kinds of abstracting and indexing databases, they should be constructed to make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper.2. Classification of AbstractsTo create an abstract, an abstractor or author needs to identify the kinds of information he or she needs to provide about the document. It can be a description of what kind of information it is, which includes the purpose, scope, and methods of the research, or it can be the informative content of the document, which includes results and conclusions of the research. Depending on which information they contain, abstracts can be classified into major types: indicative (or descriptive abstracts), informative abstracts, indicative - informative abstracts and author abstracts. As they have different aims, they have different components and styles. While indicative abstracts are short in length and common in abstraction services, informative abstrac ts are usually those produced in thesis, journal essays, and research articles.2.1. Indicative (or descriptive abstracts)An indicative abstract or descriptive abstract is one that describes the type and nature of the work abstracted, indicating the principal subjects covered and providing a brief description of the way the facts are treated and the methods or techniques that are being reported. This type of abstract simply describes the kinds of information in a document, but it does not provide the information itself in detail. It does not provide any material contents of the documents, such as results or conclusions of the research. Indicative abstracts are usually used in review articles, conference reports, government reports, library bibliographies, etc. They are usually veryshort----no more than 150 words.2.2. Informative abstractsAn informative abstract summarizes as much as the essential elements of the document as possible, presenting and explaining all the main material contents in the complete article/paper/book. An informative abstract includes not only the information that can be found in an indicative abstract (purpose, scope, and methods), but also the important findings and conclusions of the research.The majority of abstracts are informative. They are usually used in research articles, clinical reports, clinical trials, etc. The length of an informative abstract varies according to disciplines. Many informative abstracts are 250 words, but the length of an informative abstract is rarely more than 10% of that of the entire work.2.3. indicative / informative abstracts (综合性)Indicative/ informative abstract is more common than either the pure indicative or the pure information style. It presents a summary of the essential arguments and findings of the original, whilst those aspects of the document those are of minor significance are treated indicatively. When used to good effect this mixed style can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within the minimum length.2.4. Author abstractAuthor abstracts are abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting. An alternative term is homotopic abstracts,（同序文摘，联刊）literally, published at the same time as the original. Although the two terms homotopic and author abstracts are not synonymous, and a large proportion of homotopic abstracts are also author abstracts, these two concepts will be discussed simultaneously. Theoretically, an author is in a good position to write a sympathetic abstract, and it should be a simple matter to modify the author’s abstract to suit the information service.2.5. Slanted abstract（倾向性）A Slanted abstract is an abstract giving emphasis to a particular aspect of a document to cater for the specialized interest of a particular group of readers.2.6. Telegraphic abstractA telegraphic abstract is an abstract consisting of a set of keywords indicating the subjectcontent of the document.2.7. Mini-abstractA mini-abstract is just an extension of the title, brief and easy to write. It’s mainly used in some publications that aim at a fast transmission of some updated information.2.8 Mission-oriented abstractA mission-oriented abstract is an abstract for a specialized purpose addressing the interests ofa particular group of readers. It is very similar to a slanted abstract.2.9 Finding-oriented abstractA finding-oriented abstract is also similar to a slanted abstract. However, their differences lie in the fact that the finding-oriented abstract focuses more on the investigation and results of the experiment, whereas the slanted abstract caters more for the special interest of a particular group of readers. A finding-oriented abstract is most often used when:a. applying for research grantsb. completing the Ph.D dissertation or M.A. thesisC. writing a proposal for a conference paper2.10 Highlight abstractThe purpose of this kind of abstract is to hook the reader’s attention on on e particular article with some highlight of the work. A highlight abstract does not appear alone elsewhere. It is always placed before the article and has to go together with the article.3．Linguistic Features of AbstractsA good and successful abstract should possess the following features:3.1 Using Topic, Supporting, and Concluding SentencesAn abstract often starts with a “topic” or “lead” sentence. This first sentence attempts to summarize any essential information that is not conveyed by the title. The objective is to enable the reader to eliminate possibly relevant documents, which, in fact, prove to be of little interest without delving into the body of the abstract. Hence, any elements that might contribute to relevance assessment must be incorporated into the topic sentence. These facts or ideas, like any that are introduced elsewhere, do not need to be repeated in the remaining abstract text. A topicsentence is usually followed by a number of supporting sentences and finally the concluding sentences.3.2 Using Brief but Informative SentencesThe abstractor must resist the temptation to use long sentences in striving to avoid repetition. An abstract conveys the maximum quantity of information using the minimum number of words. Sentences with an average length in the region of twelve words are likely to yield a readable abstract. In pursuing brevity, however, care must be exercised to avoid ambiguity.3.3 Arranging in One ParagraphAll abstracts, barring possibly those of exceptional length, should consist of one paragraph only. This should be a coherent paragraph, and not a series of disjointed sentences. Only the first line need not be a proper sentence, and might read, for example: “Points to forecasting’s relationship with planning and ...”All sentences should be complete, and verbs, prepositions and articles should not be omitted. A style that provides continuity should be adopted, even if this is contrary to normal language usage. Separate paragraphs may be introduced for long documents such as theses; reports etc. where different topics are introduced.3.4 Being ConciseConciseness is paramount. Redundant phrases such as: “the authors studied”, “in this work”, “the paper concludes by”, etc. should be avoided if possible.8. Translation Skills :Technical T ermsWith the rapid and remarkable advances in modern science and technology, an increasingly large number of technical terms have emerged in our daily life, which gives rise to special registers usually with vocabulary outside the range of the ordinary educated man. Today, more and more people are willing to accept these newly emerged technical terms, for modern methods of scientific research; investigation and operation do produce numerous new concepts, materials and processes. Scientific and technical registers provide a swift, economical, efficient, impersonal, sometimes international, means of exposition and discussion of specialized issues.Technical terms not only account for a large part of English vocabulary, but also are the most important source of newly coined words in modern English, ranging over an extensive range ofvarious fields.In terms of form, English technical terms may be classified into three categories, namely, single words (e.g., robot机器人, Internet因特网, etc.), compound words (e.g., feed-back反馈,splashdown溅落, etc.) and phrases (e.g., on-and-off-the-road 路面越野两用的). Since all of them are formed in accordance with the basic rules of word-formation, a survey of the formation of technical terms would be very helpful to our translation work.8.1. AffixationAffixation, which includes prefixion and suffixation, is an important means of coining English technical terms, with prefixes and suffixes as inseparable elements of the words being coined. The advantage of affixation is obvious; its potential productivity is almost boundless, and therefore it is extensively used in the formation of technical terms. Besides prefixes and suffixes of English origin, there are some foreign borrowings, noticeably the Latin ones, in English vocabulary, e.g. bio- (生命、生物), thermo- (热), electro- (电), aero- (空气) carbo- (碳), hydro- (水), -ide (化物), -mania (热、狂), etc. If we are familiar with these prefixes and suffixes, many technical terms of such formation can be translated appropriately through analysis. The following are some typical examples.miniultrasonicprober = mini + ultra +sonic +prober 微型超声波金属探伤仪macrospacetransship = macro +space + trans + ship 巨型空间转运飞teletypesetter = tele + type + setter 电传排字机bathythermograph = bathy +thermo +graph 海水测温仪barothermograph = baro + thermo +graph 气压温度记录器deoxyribonucleic = de + oxy + ribo + nucleic 脱氧核糖核酸photomorphogenesis = photo +morpho + genesis 光形态发生8.2. CompoundingThe combination of two or more words to form a new word is called compounding. English technical terms formed by compounding generally take three forms: with a hyphen or without it, or two or more separate words. For instance, fallout (放射性尘埃), waterlock (水闸), thunderstorm (雷暴), salt-former (卤素), dew-point (露点), pulse-scaler (脉冲定标器), verbal translator (逐字翻译机), satellite antimissile observation system (卫星反导弹观察系统), and so on.Most of such compound words may be translated literally, i.e. put the meanings of the separate words together and we get their Chinese equivalents. However, there are exceptions now and then. F or instance, bull’s eye (靶心), cat-and-mouse (航向与指挥的), dog house (调频高压电源屏蔽罩), etc.--literal translation in tackling such terms may lead astray. Therefore whenever we come across unfamiliar terms and are not sure of their meanings, we should consult dictionaries of relevant specialty. And in many cases some additional explanations are needed to make the original meaning clear and accurate. The following are some examples.spaceplatform = space + platform 空间站、宇宙站rocketdrome = rocket + drome 火箭发射场bus architecture 总线体系结构content-addressable memory 相联存储器network service access point 网络服务存取点8.3. BlendingThis is a variant of compounding, consisting in omitting the latter part of the first word and clipping off the first part of the second word. Sometimes, however, either the first part or the second part of the overlapped word may happen to be a full word. Generally speaking, this blending of words possesses the combined meaning of both; therefore, literal translation is used in translating such terms, with one element modifying the other.telex = teleprinter + exchange 电传gravisphere = gravity + sphere 引力范围medicare = medical + care 医疗保健biorhythm = biological +rhythm 生理节奏copytron = copy + electron 电子复写(技术)8.4. AcronymsBy acronym, we mean the formation of a word made up of the first letters of the name of something. Since it is very convenient to use this brief form, acronym emerges very frequently in English technical terms. With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more acronyms have been adopted extensively in various fields; therefore, it is up to the translator to discern their actual meaning in different context.ADP automatic data processing 自动数据处理AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病DEPM electronic data processing machine 电子数据处理机GSV guided space vehicle 制导宇宙飞船Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光RAM random access memory 随机存取存储器Sometimes, an acronym happens to be a meaningful word itself, or it may possess more than one meaning. In this case, special attention is needed to pick out the proper one.MOUSE minimum orbital unmanned satellite of the earth (仪表载重50kg以下的)不载人的最小人造地球卫星SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈SNAP subsystem for nuclear auxiliary power (原子)核辅助动力子系统space nuclear auxiliary power 空间核辅助能源systems for nuclear auxiliary power 核辅助能(电)源系统AS air scoop空气收集器air seasoned风干的(木材)air speed 空速、气流速率air station 航空站，飞机场American Standard 美国标准atmosphere and space 大气层与宇宙空间automatic sprinkler 自动洒水车automatic synchronizer 自动同步器8.5. Proper NounsMany of the technical terms in English are borrowed from proper nouns such as names of people, places, firms, trade marks, organizations, and so on. In such cases, consulting relevant dictionaries will be of great help. Transliteration is usually adopted in dealing with such terms, and at the same time, labels that indicate the nature of such words are added to the corresponding translation.Xerox 静电复制(derived from the name of a trademark)IBM System IBM 系统(derived from the name of a US corporation)Kuru 库鲁病(derived from the name of a place in eastern New Guinea)Alfven wave 阿尔文波(derived from the name of the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfven)Chandl er’s wobble 钱一波说(derived from the name of the US astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler)Besides the above mentioned ways of word-formation, there are some other means of forming technical terms in English, to name a few, Clipping (剪截法e.g., lab comes from laboratory), Back-formation (逆构法e.g., to lase comes from laser), Coinage (造词法e.g., “quark” in physics), Functional Shift (词性转换法e.g., in “to contract the terminal,” the noun “contract” has converted into a verb), Borrowing (e.g., “gene” is borrowed from German), a nd so on. In any circumstances, the discrimination of the original meaning and contextual analysis are of vital importance. Only when we get an accurate understanding of the terms, can we put them into Chinese as they actually mean.10. 4. Put the following passage into English.在本《国际标准》中，”文摘”一词的意义是：对原文献内容准确、扼要而不加解释或评论的表述。

7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of theearthquake.A. consequenceB. aftermathC. resultsD. effect8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware_______ price.A. on account ofB. regardless ofC. in addition toD. not to mention9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you would thinkB. by what you are thinkingC. that you should thinkD. with what you were thinking10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself.A. in caseB. so thatC. now thatD. only if11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. whoD. whom12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true_______ it comes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______available these days.A. promptlyB. instantlyC. readilyD. quickly14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reducedconsiderably.A. fierceB. strainedC. eagerD. critical15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with.A. smellB. senseC. hearD. toughDirection: Match the following words with their definitions within eachgroup of five words. Write down the matched letter on the answer sheet. Group 11. authentic A. having powers of learning, reasoning or understanding2. commitment B. twist; changing shape3. exaggerate C. a promise or decision to do something4. intelligent D. real; true and accurate5. distortion E. say more than the truth about somethingGroup 26. authority A. basic; central; forming the necessary basis of something7. donate B. something that is considered more important than other matters8. substantial C. the right or ability to control9. priority D. give something for the benefit of others10. fundamental E. large in size, value or importanceGroup 311. persistent A. not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations12. legitimate B. continuing firmly in spite of opposition or warning13. strain C. continuing for a long time14. skeptical D. allowed by law; acceptable or reasonable15. prolonged E. the pressure that is put on somebody / somethingDirection: Fill in each of the blanks with the given word in its proper form.1. George is not only a skillful painter, but also a ______ writer. (talent)2. The ________ John to Mary was announced in the newspapers yesterday. (engage)3. I love the movie because the _______ is my favorite. (act)4. _______ to say, this absent-minded professor left his umbrella in the classroom again.(need)5. I'm afraid the girl is a little ________ for her age and height. (weight)6. Because of his _______ words, the widow committed suicide. (responsibility)7. Reading English novels helps _______ your vocabulary. (large)8. His conduct ______ with his words, so now nobody believes in him. (agree)9. I was annoyed by that __________ man. (mind, narrow)10. Most people think that we have more natural resources than we need, but it is not ________true. (necessary)Direction: For each blank in the following passage, choose the most suitableword from this list of words provided underneath. Each word can be usedonce only. Write your choice of word in the corresponding blank on the ANSWER SHEET.A Thirsty WorldThe world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, (1) _____ nearly 75 per cent of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But abou t 97 per cent of this huge (2) _____ is sea water or salt water. Man can only drink and use the (3) _____ 3 percent — the fresh water (4) _____ comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. Andwe cannot even use (5) _____ of that, because some of it isin the (6) _____ of icebergs andglaciers.However, (7) _____ things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly (8) _____ replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need (9) _____ water is increasing rapidly — almost day by day. Only if we (10) _____ steps to deal with this problem now (11) _____ we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supplywould have (12) _____ bad effect on agriculture and industry. We all have to learn (13) _____ to stop wasting our precious water. One of the first steps we (14) _____ take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only (15) _____ a small scale.(16) _____ even if every city purified and reused its water, we still would not have (17) _____. All we’d have to do to make use of the vast (18) _____ of sea water in the world is (19) _____ the salt. And then we’ll be in (20) _____ danger of drying up.Part V Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed byfive questions or unfinished statements. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Every animal is a living radiator — heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say they live faster.The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxygen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubic centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. The tiny shrew uses four cubic centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouse-like shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, the hummingbird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighed only two and a half grams would starve to death. It would burn up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel.1. The passage says that every animal is a living radiator because it_____.A. produces heat in its body cellsB. burns fuel to produce heatC. sends out heat from its bodiesD. requires oxygen to produce heat2. Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by_____.A. restoring heat continuallyB. storing heat in their body cellsC. regulating the amount of heat produced班级____________________学号____________________姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------D. regulating the amount of heat given off3. The amount of oxygen an animal uses depends on_____. A. how much it weighs B. what food it eats C. what it is like D. how long it lives4. An animal weighing less than 2.5 grams would starve because it would not be able to _____. A. get enough oxygen B. maintain its body temperature C. burn its food fast enough D. eat fast enough to supply fuel5. What is implied but not stated in the passage? A. There is no limit as to how large a warm-blooded animal can be. B. The hummingbird lives faster than any other warm-blooded creature. C. Small animals have less skin for their body weight than large ones. D. The hummingbird is the smallest of the warm-blooded animals. Passage 2 California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, short of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distances. Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14 494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12 020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all; they are dried-up lakebeds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.6. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States? A. Lake Tulainyo. B. Mojave Desert. C. Death Valley. D. The Salton Sea.7. Where is the highest point in the United States located? A. Lake Tahoe. B. Sierra Nevada. C. Mount Whitney. D. Alaska.8. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney? A. About 3 miles. B. Only 100 miles. C. 282 feet. D. 14 494 feet.9. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------A. The Pacific Ocean.B. San Joaquin Valley.C. Mojave Desert.D. Oregon and Washington.10. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?A. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having totravel long distance.C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within aradius of about 100 miles.D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.Passage 3Children are a relatively modern invention. Until a few hundred years ago they did not exist. In medieval and Renaissance painting you see pint-sized men and women, wearing grown-up clothes and grown-up expressions, performing grown-up tasks. Children did not exist because the family as we know it had not evolved.Children today not only exist; they have taken over, in no place more than in America, and at no time more than now. It is always Kids’ Count ry here. Our civilization is child-centered, child-obsessed. A kid’s body is our physical ideal. In Kid’s Country we do not permit middle-age. Thirty is promoted over 50, but 30 knows that soon his time to be overtaken will come.We are the first society in which parents expect to learn from their children. Such a topsy-turvy (颠倒) situation has come about at least in part because, unlike the rest of the world, ours is an immigrant society, and for immigrant the only hope is in the kids. In the Old Country, that is, Europe, hope was in the farther, and how much wealth he could accumulate and pass along to his children. In the growth pattern of America and its ever-expanding frontier, the young man was ever advised to GO WEST; the farther was ever inheriting from his son. Kids’ Country may be the inevitable result.Kids’ Country is not all bad. American is the greatest country in the world to grow up in because it is Kids’ Country. We not only wear kids’ clothes and eat kids’ food; we dream Kids’ dreams and make them come true. It was, after all, a boy’s game to go to the moon.If in the old days children did not exist, it seems equally true today that adults, as a class, have begun to disappear, condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging and doing push-ups (俯卧撑) against eternity.11. The author uses the example of the Renaissance painting to show that _______.A. adults showed less concern for children than we do nowB. adults were smaller and thinner at that time, but they still had a lot of work to doC. children looked and acted like adults at that timeD. children were not permitted to appear in family paintings at that time12. In the third paragraph, the Old Country is contrasted with America _______.A. to show differences in family sizeB. to show differences in attitudes towards family relationsC. to sow two kinds of geographyD. to show two different kinds of economic relations between generations13. Going to the moon is an example of _______.A. America’s dreams and creativityB. America’s childi sh and queer behaviorC. why America hasn’t grown upD. why America is considered the greatest country in the world14. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. It is very difficult for the middle-aged to live in America.B. America is Kids’ Country because the majority of its people are young and vigorous.C. Kids’ Country was taking shape in America when immigrants poured into the countryD. America is more of Kids’ Country than any other countries in the world.15. By saying “co ndemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging doing push-upsagainst eternity,” the author means that _______.A. she thinks people shouldn’t be so concerned about physical fitnessB. she feels too old and tired to do such hard exerciseC. American society is overemphasizing youth and physical appearanceD. what happened to children centuries ago may occur to adults in America soon Passage 4By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all.Most people regard snakebites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, and very few are fatal. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison.Very few people actually die from snakebites in Britain, and though these bites can makesome people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness.16. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The adder is the only poisonous snake in Britain.B. In Scotland there are no other snakes except the adder.C. Snake bites seem more dangerous than they actually are.D. People’s attempts at emergency treatment are utterly unnecessary.17. Adders are most likely to be found _______.A. in wilder parts of Britain and IrelandB. in Scotland and nowhere elseC. on uncultivated land throughout BritainD. in shady fields in England18. We are told that British snakes are _____.A. afraid of human beingsB. poisonous including the adderC. dangerous except the adderD. friendly towards human beings19. When will the adder not attack you?A. When you try to catch it.B. When you are some distance away from it.C. When you happen to step on it.D. When you try to pick it up.20. If an adder hears you coming, it will usually ______.A. attack you immediatelyB. disappear very quicklyC. wait to frighten youD. move out of the wayPassage 5While drunken driving may be on the decline, traffic safety experts remain baffled over how to cope with another alcohol related hazard: drunken pedestrians (步行者).Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are intoxicated more frequently —and with higher blood alcohol levels —than drunken drivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood alcohol level of at least 0.10 —which by law in most states signifies intoxication —compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data.Some types of pedestrian accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained relatively steady at 2,500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U.S. traffic accidents is at least 7,000 or one of every seven highway deaths.Pedestrian accidents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Colpitts, who chairs a board’s committe e on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been mystified about how to prevent mishaps.班级____________________学号____________________姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------Studies have revealed some of the causes, which range from a lack of adult supervision for many children involved in accidents to long delays in traffic signals that may encourage jaywalking, speakers said at a meeting. The most challenging problem, however, is alcohol. Some researchers suspect that part of the problem, ironically, may be former drunken drivers whose licenses were suspended and who now are walking. Other researchers, emphasizing the larger social problem of alcohol abuse in general, say many drunken pedestrians are poor alcoholics who often face lonely deaths — and not only on highways. 21. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Traffic Safety. B. Drunken Drivers. C. Drunken Pedestrian Accidents. D. A Severe Highway Safety Problem.22. Among the causes of walkers’ accidents, the most serious problem is _______. A. long delays in traffic signals that may make people cross streets without paying attention to traffic rules B. alcohol C. a lack of adult keeping eyes on many children involved in accidents D. former drunken drivers whose licenses are not allowed to use for a time 23. According to recent federal data, drunken drivers in deadly accidents _______. A. are 15 percent less than drunken adult walkers B. are 2,500 a year C. are at least 7,000 in US traffic accidents D. make up one seventh of highway deaths24. It can be inferred from the passage that pedestrian accidents have remained relatively high because _______. A. walking accidents have not received enough attention in the past B. few methods exist to confine walking habits C. researchers find it difficult to work out ways to prevent unlucky accidents D. all of the above25. The passage was most probably written by a specialist in _______.A. town planningB. social historyC. traffic systemD. traffic safety班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------Answer SheetPart I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each)1-5: ____________6-10: ____________11-15: ____________Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each)1-5: ____________6-10: ____________11-15: ____________Part III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each)1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________9. __________10. __________Part IV Cloze (10 points, 0.5 point each)1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________9. __________10. __________11. __________ 12. __________ 13. __________ 14. ____________ 15. __________ 16. __________ 17. __________18. __________19. __________20. __________Part V Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points each)1-5: ____________6-10: ____________11-15: ____________16-20: ____________21-25: ____________。

Unit 1 University and Their FunctionText A词汇superfluous : 多余的impart ：传授faculty ：教职员工elicit ：bring outjustification ：正当的理由be consistent with : 与……一致preserve ：保持feeble ：weakzest ：激情temperate :温和的arise from ：来自construe ：explaintransform ：change 改变hamper : 阻碍energize as: catalyst 激励acquisition ：控制力divorce assertion ：断言illuminate ：富于启发的in obedience to : according toin great measure fatigue : tiredslight: little reliability : trustweld: combine obstinacy: stubbornness 固执pedant：老学究letters: artsreflection：思考prolong : long period offlinch: draw back 退缩dull ：迟钝engage ：从事drudgery: uninteresting hard work 苦差工modes: kinds rule of thumb ：凭经验interlocking: interwoven 相互交织binding forces: unity 团结的力量句子释义1、It is energizing as the poet of out dreams , and as the architect of our purpose.A: If taught imaginatively, students will be able to associate a pure fact with various meaning, seeing a fact as an agent that can bring out our dreams in a poetic fashion and help arrange our purpose into orderly structure.2、It enable man to construct an intellectual vision of a new world , and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.A: People with imagination will be able to form a new outlook which is different from that of people without imagination .Imagination is capable of preserving people’s enthusiasm for life because it can show people that life has many purposes which can be pleasing.3、It requires that discipline of character which can say ―yes‖and ―no‖to other men , not by reason of blind obstinacy ,but with firmness derived from a conscious evaluation of relevant alternatives.A :A firm character should be able to decide to say ―yes‖ or ―no‖ to other’s point of view after taking all relevant choices into careful consideration .Such a decision is made out of unreasonable stubbornness.4、The conduct of business now requires intellectual imagination of the same type as that which in former times has mainly passed into those other occupations .A: In the past , intellectual imagination was required of professionals such as the priests the lawyers ,the statesmen ,the doctors , the men of science and arts as mentioned above in their work. Now business people should be able to apply this kind of imagination into their work ,too .5、There is no reason why business men , and other professional men ,should not pick up their facts bit by bit as they want them for particular occasions.A: Imagination and facts are not mutually exclusive . People trained in imagination should be able to pick up facts when necessary.问答1、primary function of university : imaginative teaching and learning.2、How does imagination throw light on the facts？eliciting the general principlesan intellectual survey of alternative possibilitiesbuild an intellectual vision of new worldpreserve the zest of life3、Analyze the relationship between imagination and experience.Youth is imaginationIf the imagination be strengthened by discipline, it can in great measure be persevered though life. Tragedy is who are imaginative is to weld these two.4、What knowledge are you supposed to acquire?Psychologies of population engaged in differing modes of occupation.5、How prevent prolonged routine work from dulling our imagination?A：Promoting the imaginative consideration of the various general principles underlying that career.翻译1、The universities are schools of education, and schools of research. But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research afforded to the members of the faculty.T: 大学是实施教育的机构，也是进行研究的机构。

大学泛读教程考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在文学作品中，象征主义通常用来指代什么？A. 直接的物理描述B. 抽象的思想或概念C. 人物的直接对话D. 故事的具体情节答案：B2. 下列哪项不是现代主义文学的特点？A. 对传统叙事结构的拒绝B. 对理性和逻辑的强调C. 对内心体验的探索D. 对现实主义的批判答案：B3. 在阅读过程中，识别作者的论点通常需要关注哪些方面？A. 事实和数据B. 作者的情感和个人经历C. 作者对某一问题的看法或立场D. 所有上述选项答案：D4. 下列哪个词汇不是描述文本结构的术语？A. 主题C. 角色D. 词汇答案：D5. 在分析文学作品时，哪一项不是常用的修辞手法？A. 比喻B. 拟人C. 排比D. 列表答案：D6. 文本中的“铺垫”是什么？A. 故事的结尾B. 故事的高潮C. 为即将发生的事件所做的准备D. 故事的背景设定答案：C7. 在文学作品中，“冲突”通常指的是什么？A. 故事中的战斗场面B. 人物之间的对立或斗争C. 故事的转折点D. 故事的开头答案：B8. “流亡文学”通常与哪种经历有关？B. 移民C. 政治迫害D. 经济困难答案：C9. 在阅读一篇议论文时，理解作者的主张需要关注什么？A. 作者的个人背景B. 作者提供的证据和论据C. 文章的文体特征D. 文章的出版时间答案：B10. 下列哪项不是文学作品中常见的主题？A. 爱情B. 战争C. 个人财富D. 社会正义答案：C二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. 简述现实主义文学与自然主义文学的区别。

答案：现实主义文学强调对现实生活的真实、细腻的描绘，关注普通人的日常生活和社会问题。

自然主义文学则更进一步，它不仅描绘现实，还强调遗传和环境对人物命运的决定性影响，往往带有悲观主义色彩。

12. 解释“悬念”在叙事文本中的作用。

答案：悬念是叙事文本中用来维持读者兴趣和好奇心的一种技巧。

通过在故事中设置未知的或未解决的问题，悬念激发读者的好奇心，驱使他们继续阅读以了解故事的进展和结局。

大学英语泛读教程4答案【篇一：大学英语泛读第三版第四册课后答案主编张砚秋(完整版)】cles1.ffttffft2.dbdaac(p4)3.translate the following sentences into chinese (p5)1)yet we must bask in the warmth of approval now and then or lose our self-confidence.可是我们都要时常享受到热情地赞美，否则我们就会失去自信。

2)when we are proud of our self-image,we feel confident and free to be ourselves.当我们对自身的形象感到骄傲时，会有自信心，感觉很自在。

3)a new minister called to a church jokingly referred to as the refrigerator,decided against criticizing his congregation for its coolness toward strangers.instead,he beban welcoming visitors from the pulpit and telling his flock how friendly they were.一位牧师到一座教堂上任，这座教堂被开玩笑地称作“冰箱”，他没有批评教堂的教徒们对陌生人冷漠，而是站在讲坛上欢迎来访者，并对大家说他们是多么的友善。

4)coming home after a hard days work ,the man who sees the faces of his children pressed against the window,watching for him,can water his soul with their silent but golden opinion.经过一天的劳累，一位父亲回到家，看到孩子们把小脸贴在玻璃窗上等他回家，这无声然而珍贵的赞美滋润了他的心田。

Mid-term Examination of Extensive Reading姓名：学号：I. Word match. [10×2=20]rationally stressful; requiring effort and energyconsolidate say more than the truth about somethingstrenuous regular; usualroutine in a way based on reason rather than emotions exaggerate strengthenaggressive something/somebody that takes the place of another distortion any of the things that are formed into a mixture cynicism twist; changing shapesubstitute ready for conflictingredient distrustII. Fill in each of the blanks with the given word in its proper form. [10×2=20]1. He complains that his wife often him. (understand)2. It is to his that he lacks initiative. (advantage)3. You will be able to overcome the difficulties if you do not lose in yourself. (confident)4. They made a plot to kidnap the little girl and then kill her when they got the money. (devil)5. The sudden of the fairy made the children in the cinema break into cheers. (appear)6. 45 is by 5. (divide)7. Although the black-and-white TV set is old-fashioned, it is still . (use)8. You must carry out your plan with . (determine)9. Before playing the new game, yourself with the rules. (familiar)10. She did not have to be so angry; I asked her name. (mere)III. Cloze [20×2=40]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (1) ____, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (2) ____ to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (3) ____ they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (4) ____ certain signs, called letters, which could be (5) ____ to represent those sounds, and which could be (6) _____. Those sounds, whether spoken, (7) _____ written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their (8) ____ the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (9) ____ with meaning for us by experience; (10) _____ the longer we live, the more certain words (11) _____ to us the happy and sad events of our past: and the more we (12) ____, the more the number of words that meansomething to us (13) ____.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (14) ____ to our minds and emotions. This (15) _____ and telling use of words is what we call (16) ____ style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (17) ____. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (18) _____ their position and association can (19) ____ men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (20) ____ our speech or writing silly and vulgar.(1) A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary(2) A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements(3) A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in that(4) A. in B. with C. of D. upon(5) A. spelt B. combined C. written D copied(6) A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed(7) A. and B. yet C. also D. or(8) A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links(9) A. filled B. full C. live D. active(10) A. but B. or C. yet D. and(11) A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect(12) A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite(13) A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges(14) A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully(15) A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common(16) A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic(17) A. signs B. words C. style D. sound(18) A. in B. on C. over D. by(19) A. move B. engage C. make D. force(20) A. transform B. change C. make D. convertIV. Reading Comprehension. [10×2=20]Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:What is science fiction? To begin with, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-class which requires a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follow the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified, and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it conveys much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.The first point—that science fiction is a literary sub-class—is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specially, science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction, for nearly every piece of science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek’s RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots)being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic function in much the same way as prose fiction in general—that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man’s nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it are basically the same they would be for any other story or novel.1. Science fiction is called a literary sub-class because it ______.A) has limits of its ownB) cannot be made into a dramatic presentationC) is not important enough to be a literary formD) shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction2. Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to the theme in a piece of science fiction?A) Narrator. B) Setting. C) Rhyme. D) Plot.3. An appropriate title for the passage would be ______.A) On the Dramatic Features of Science FictionB) Toward a Definition of Science FictionC) Science Fiction vs Prose FictionD) The Themes of Prose Fiction4. The author’s definition suggests that all science fiction deals with ______.A) the unfamiliar or unusual conditionsB) the same topics addressed by novels and short storiesC) Karel Cape’s well-known hypothesisD) the conflict between science and fiction5. According to the passage, which of the following conclusions is true?A) Science fiction attracts us in much the same way a story or novel does.B) It is not possible to define science fiction in a clear way.C) Many people tried in vain to explain what science fiction is.D) Very often science fiction appears in such literary forms as drama and poetry.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming (到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are willing to do what their masters require.All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless (倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.Even well-cared animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.6. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?A) There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.D) An animal will be useless unless trained.7. When an animal is hungry, it will probably _____.A) refuse to obey its masterB) immediately fall illC) require its master to offer some foodD) seek for food on its own8. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?A) They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.B) They have great adaptation for the environment.C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.9. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _____.A) not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on itB) to pay attention to its proper feedingC) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exerciseD) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations10. Which of the following would be best title for this passage?A) Domesticated animals –man’s best friendB) Proper diet – the road to healthC) The advantages of raising domestic animalsD) Some tips on pet-keeping。

江苏师范继续教育学位英语试卷1、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite2、It was（）of you to get up early to catch the first bus so that you could avoid the traffic jam. [单选题] *A. senselessB. sensible(正确答案)C. sentimentalD. sensitive3、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment4、It was _____the policeman came_____the parents knew what had happened to their son. [单选题] *A.before…asB. until…whenC. not until…that(正确答案)D.until…that5、27．Will it ______ warm in the room? [单选题] *A．areB．be(正确答案)C．isD．going to be6、Mrs. Black is on her way to England. She will _______ in London on Sunday afternoon. [单选题] *A. reachB. attendC. arrive(正确答案)D. get7、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)8、—It’s too noisy outside. I can’t fall asleep.—I can’t, either. We have to ______ new ways to solve the problem.（）[单选题] *A. come up with(正确答案)B. get on withC. make up withD. catch up with9、—Can you play tennis? —______, but I’m good at football.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I can(正确答案)B. Yes, I doC. No, I can’tD. No, I don’t10、--What are the young people doing there？--They are discussing how to _______?the pollution in the river. [单选题] *A. come up withB. talk withC. deal with(正确答案)D. get on with11、Once you get on the road, here are some traffic _______ to remember. [单选题] *A. problemsB. positionsC. rules(正确答案)D. points12、We sent our children to school to prepare them for the time _____ they will have to work for themselves. [单选题] *A. thatB. when(正确答案)C. whileD. as13、______ in the library. （）[单选题] *A. Don’t smokingB. No smokeC. No smoking(正确答案)D. Doesn’t smoke14、Grandpa pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s _______ I was born?”[单选题] *A. whenB. howC. whyD. where(正确答案)15、I hope to see you again _______. [单选题] *A. long long agoB. long beforeC. before long(正确答案)D. long16、As for the quality of this model of color TV sets, the ones made in Chine are by no means _____ those imported. [单选题] *A inferior thanB less inferior toC less inferior thanD. inferior to(正确答案)17、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing18、My brother usually _______ his room after school. But now he _______ soccer. [单选题] *A. cleans; playsB. cleaning; playingC. cleans; is playing(正确答案)D. cleans; is playing the19、--What’s the weather like today?--It’s _______. [单选题] *A. rainB. windy(正确答案)C. sunD. wind20、94．—Let’s go out for a picnic on Sunday.—________. [单选题] *A．Nice to meet youB．Here you areC．The same to youD．Good idea(正确答案)21、The manager isn’t in at the moment. May I _______ a message? [单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. makeC. haveD. keep22、How lovely a day,（）? [单选题] *A. doesn't itB. isn't it(正确答案)C.shouldn't itD.hasn't it23、We’re proud that China _______ stronger and stronger these years. [单选题] *A. will becomeB. becameC. is becoming(正确答案)D. was becoming24、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)25、There may be something wrong with her _______. She can’t see things clearly. [单选题] *A. eyes(正确答案)B. earsC. mouthD. nose26、Do not _______ me to help you unless you work harder. [单选题] *A. expect(正确答案)B. hopeC. dependD. think27、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long28、I didn't hear _____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. [单选题] *A. what did he sayB. what he had said(正确答案)C. what he was sayingD. what to say29、_____ is not known yet. [单选题] *A. Although he is serious about itB. No matter how we will do the taskC. Whether we will go outing or not(正确答案)D. Unless they come to see us30、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after。