2014年N1护士三基考试试题及答案2014年度N1护士理论试题(12月份)工号: 科室: 姓名: 得分: 一、判断题(每题2分，共20分)1、长期输入生理盐水可引起高钾血症。
( )2、炎症的基本病理变化为局部组织的变性、渗出和增生，可出现红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍。
( )3、被动体位是患者由于疾病的影响，为减轻痛苦而被迫采取的某种姿势。
( )4、传染病房的隔离衣、口罩、帽子应每天更换1次。
( )5、平静呼吸时，每分钟进入肺泡参与气体交换的气体量称为每分钟肺通气量。
( )6、口服葡萄糖耐量试验的方法是:空腹抽血1次，口服葡萄糖75G后分别在30分钟、60分钟、120分钟、180分钟时各抽血1次测血糖及胰岛素。
( )7、心绞痛是主动脉供血不足，心肌暂时缺血缺氧所引起的临床症候群。
( )8、瞳孔呈垂直椭圆形散大是急性闭角性青光眼的临床特点之一。
( )9、为了增加心输出量，心脏按压时间应略长于放松时间。
( )10、孕妇血液中存在IgG血型抗体即有可能引起新生儿溶血病。
( )二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)1、护士抽取病人配血标本时，应人一起到病人床边进行核对。
2、病区护士在接收到“危急值”报告后，必须认真记录并回读确认相关信息，并在分钟内通知值班医生处理，危急值登记本保存时间年。
3、护士接到危重患者的转入、转出医嘱，应准确执行，首先做好接收准备。
4、新版心肺复苏指南要求的胸外心脏按压的部位是:5、新版心肺复苏指南要求按压频率是至少次，按压深度是至少厘米，按压和通气比是，任何原因中断按压的时间不能超过秒;进行现场心肺复苏时，施救人员检查脉搏的时间不应超过秒。
三、单选题(每题2分，共40分)1、为了预防高血压的发生，WHO建议每人每天食盐摄入量不超过( )A、12gB、10gC、8gD、6gE、4g2、体温每升高1?，心率平均每分钟约增加( )A、5次B、10次C、18次D、20次E、25次3、一般情况下，主要影响收缩压高低的是( )A、每搏量B、心率C、外周阻力D、大动脉弹性E、循环血量/血管容量比例、关于食管的狭窄，下列哪项是正确的( ) 4A、第一狭窄部相当于第7颈椎的下缘B、第二狭窄部距中切牙20cmC、第二狭窄部相当于胸骨角平面D、第三狭窄部相当于第11胸椎平面E、第三狭窄部距中切牙45cm5、烧伤休克补液治疗，第1个8小时输入24小时补液计划总量的( )A、1/4B、1/3C、1/2D、2/3E、2/56、最常见的咯血原因是( )A、支气管扩张B、慢性支气管炎C、肺结核D、支气管肺癌E、风温性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄 7、鉴别糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷的主要症状为( )A、神志改变B、多饮多尿症状明显C、局限性抽搐D、血压偏低E、食欲减退 8、50岁妇女普查时发现子宫增大如6周妊娠大小，B超检查确诊为子宫肌瘤，最好的处理方案是( ) A、子宫全切 B、子宫颈全切 C、定期复查 D、雌激素治疗E、孕激素治疗 Pile bored pile can be used, and artificial digging pile, prefabricated reinforced concrete sheet piles or sheet pile, and so on. When excavation depth is large, you can set multi channel support, to reduce stress, rush drilling through rock, the old base. In retainingpile water jet Grouting curtain between effects, but because of thedepth of excavation within the great wall could not anchor or support, bolt can not construction, bolt, North and South would not besymmetrical on both sides use piles, in setting up a support without the appropriate support methods. 2.1.4 channel steel sheet pile which is a simple steel sheet pile retaining wall pros and cons by channel steel buckle lap or side-by-side components. Channel 6 ~ 10 m long, model determined by calculation. Features: steel with good durability, pit construction channel can be pulled out after the completion of backfill soil recycling to use again; Convenient, short; Impervious to water and small particles in the soil, in areas with high water or rain-proof measures are needed; Bending strength is weak, and more for the depth of shallow Foundation pit is less than 4m, or Groove, support or pulled together should be installed at the top anchor; Supporting stiffness of small deformation after excavation. 2.1.5 bored pile retaining wall on bored pile is the up-pile has been widely used in China. Its more forthe excavation of the pit 7 ~ 10m, in good soil in the North area of China has 8 ~ 9m arm pile retaining wall. Drilling perfusion pilesupport nursing wall body of features has: construction Shi no vibration,and no noise, environment pollution-, no squeeze soil phenomenon, on around environment effect small; wall body strength high, stiffness big, support nursing stability good,9、急性肾小球肾炎最常见的临床表现为( )A、少尿、水肿B、少尿、高血压C、血尿、水肿、高血压D、血尿、水肿、高血压、肾功能衰竭 E、水肿、高血压10、法洛四联症常见并发症为( )A、心力衰竭B、脑血栓C、肺水肿D、脑膜炎E、肺炎 11、石膏固定的病人血液循环障碍最早出现的症状是( )A、感觉异常B、疼痛C、苍白D、体温下降E、发绀 12、2010心肺复苏的复苏步骤为( )A、A B CB、 C A B D、B A C D、C B A 13、上班时在医院里病人突发倒地，呼之不应，原因不详，那么现场目击的医护人员应立即( ) A 判断如无意识、立即呼救、触摸颈动脉如无搏动，则予以CPR B 立即呼叫并等待医院急诊科120来人抢救C单纯使用肾上腺素1mg皮下注射 D 只是给予吸氧并等待; 14、护士协助病人在病房时口服青霉素类药品时突然出现皮肤潮红、瘙痒、胸闷、气急、心悸、出汗、面色苍白、血压迅速下降乃至不能扪及到颈动脉搏动，则应( )A 、用氧枕给予氧气吸入10分钟，然后观察B 、立即停药，就地抢救，立即皮下注射肾上腺素1毫克C 、严密观察，等待病人自行缓解 D、即呼叫并等待急诊科120来人; 15、某同事在上班操作机器设备时，旁边工友见该同事被电击并倒地，现场第一目击人见其面色苍白、呼之不应，则应( )A、断电，判断无意识后，应就地抢救，遵医嘱皮下注射肾上腺素1毫克C、断电，立即呼叫并等待急诊科来人 B、断电，判断如无颈动脉搏动，则予以CPRD、断电，通知120医师来处理该病人;16、心肺复苏的药物治疗，首选给药途径为( )A(心内注射 B(气管内给药 C(静脉给药 D(肌肉注射 E(皮下注射 17、诊断心跳骤停迅速可靠的指标是( )A.大动脉搏动消失B.呼吸停止C.瞳孔散大D.血压测不到E.脉搏不清 18、心跳骤停紧急处理原则中，下列哪项是错误的( )A.迅速开始人工呼吸B.待心电图确诊后开始胸外按压C.立即开放静脉输液通道D.立即开始胸外按压E.准备好电击除颤 19.临产后最主要的产力是: ( ) A.子宫收缩力 B. 腹肌、膈肌收缩力 C.子宫韧带收缩力 D. 肛提肌收缩力 20.小儿高热惊厥的紧急处理，错误的是: ( ) A.惊厥发作时立即搬至抢救室 B.及时清除口鼻分泌物，保持呼吸道通畅 C.密切观察生命体征、瞳孔及神志变化 D.专人守护，防止坠床和碰伤四、简答题1、服药、注射、输液查对制度,(10分)2、危重病人的抢救制度,(10分)ompletion of backfill soil recycling to use again; Convenient, short; Impervious to water and small particles in the soil, inmodel determined by calculation. 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Its more for the excavation of the pit 7 ~ 10m, in good soil in the North area of China hn of backfill soil recycling to use again; Convenient, short; Impervious to water and small particles in the soil, in areas w-fter excavation. 2.1.5 bored pile retaining wall on boredpile is the upove, support or pulled together should be installed at the top anchor; Supporting stiffness of small deformation aproof measures are needed; Bending strength is weak, and more for the depth of shallow Foundation pit is less than 4m, or Gro-gh water or rainith hitermined by calculation. Features: steel with good durability, pit construction channel can be pulled out after the completioside components. Channel 6 ~ 10 m long, model de-by-eel sheet pile retaining wall pros and cons by channel steel buckle lap or sidee piles, in setting up a support without the appropriate support methods. 2.1.4 channel steel sheet pile which is a simple stes usgreat wall could not anchor or support, bolt can not construction, bolt, North and South would not be symmetrical on both sid the old base. In retaining pile water jet Grouting curtain between effects, but because of the depth of excavation within theon. When excavation depth is large, you can set multi channel support, to reduce stress, rush drilling through rock, Pile bored pile can be used, and artificial digging pile, prefabricated reinforced concrete sheet piles or sheet pile, and so一、判断题 (每题1分，共20分)1、(× )2、(× )3、(× )4、(? )5、( ×)6、(? )7、(× )8、(? )9、(? )10、(? )11、(× )二、单选题 (每题1分，共20分)1、( D )2、(C )3、( A )4、( B )5、(C )6、( C )7、( C )8、( C )9、(C )10、( B )11、(B )12、(B)13、(A)14、(B)15、(B)16、(C)17、(A)18、(B)三、填空题1、两人，一人一单一管。
