A Summary of Themes of English and American Literature

Red and White-----the Dual Symbolic Colors of Tess白色和红色-----苔丝的双重象征色Fang Hongjian-the Tragic Figure Struggling in “Fortress Besieged” 挣扎于“围城”中的悲剧人物-方鸿渐Hester and Dimmesdale’s Attitudes towards Love and life in The Scarlet Letter论《红字》中海斯特和丁梅斯代尔对爱情、罪恶、生活的态度On Sister Carrie’s Criticism upon American Society论<<嘉莉妹妹>>对美国社会的批判意义On Scarlett’s Attitude towards Life关于斯佳丽的生活观On the Characterization of Picaresque Huck论哈克的流浪汉形象On the Moral Spirit in the Great Gatsby. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观Thomas Hardy’s Pessimism in Tess of the D’urbervelles托马斯.哈代在《德伯家的苔丝》中的悲观主义A Study of Tom Joad in the Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》的中汤姆约德研究织梦内容治理系统Mark Twain’s Linguistic Style in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer浅析《汤姆索娅历险记》中马克吐温的语言风格On the Characteristics of Uncle Tom汤姆叔叔的性格分析A Study of the Themes in a Farewell to Arms《永别了，武器》的主题思想研究The Tragic Fate of “a Pure Woman” in the Conflict of the Individual and the Society“一个纯洁女人”在人与社会发展冲突中的悲剧命运On the Language Style of a Midsummer-Night's Dream论《仲夏夜之梦》的语言风格The Social Significance of Swift's Gulliver's Travels《格列佛游记》的社会意义The Psychological Analysis in Macbeth论莎士比亚《麦克白》的心理刻画Inflexible Ada in Cold Mountain《冷山》中执著的艾达On the Romanticism and Realism of Alice in Wonderland论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性On the Tragicomedy of Rebecca in Vanity Fair论《名利场》中利蓓加的悲喜一生内容来自dedecmsOn the Humour of Oliver Twist论《雾都孤儿》的幽默艺术Tom Jones, a Dissipated but Kindhearted Man放荡而又善良的汤姆琼斯The Free Will and Rebellious Spirit in Paradise Lost失乐园》中的自由意志和反叛精神《On the Development of Shyloc k’s Character论夏洛克的性格发展Morality and Criticism in Tom Jones评《汤姆琼斯》中的道德观与批评观On Imogen，the New Feminine Image in Cymbeline论《辛白林》中伊慕琴的新女性形象Burns’ View on Love and Friendship论彭斯的爱情友谊观The Reflection of Art and Life in Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode on a Nightingale 希腊古瓮颂》《夜莺颂》中艺术与生活的对照The Womanism in "The Color Purple"紫色》中的《妇女主义On the Differences between Chinese and Westerners in Non-language Communication谈中国人和英美人非语言交际的差异On the Contribution of the American Blacks during American Civil War美国黑人在美国历史上的贡献织梦好，好织梦On American Black English浅谈美国黑人英语On the Differences of the Marriage Concept between Chinese and American浅谈中美婚姻观念的差异A Contrastive Analysis of Table Manners and Culture between China and Western Countries中西方国家的餐桌礼节与文化的对比分析On the Ideological Content in Bacon’s Essays论培根散文的思想性Women's Movement in 1960s in American美国六十年代的妇女运动Analysis the negative effects of violent television and movie on children浅析影视暴力对青少年儿童的负面影响The Influence of Chinese Cultural Circumstances on English Learning汉语环境对英语学习的影响A Comprehension of Male Centrad Literature through A Doll’s House从《玩偶之家》解读男性中心的文学A Sad Melody Mocking the Love of God ------Anlaysis of the Figures in “Mccullough”一曲嘲弄上帝爱情的悲歌--论《荆棘鸟》中人物分析本文来自织梦Love Reflected by Individual Character-view of marriage in Pride and Prejudicecopyright dedecms 由个性反映出爱--《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观On the Initiative of English Learners论英语学习者的主动性On Techniques in Mark Twain’s Satiric Works论马克吐温讽刺小说中的技巧Analysis of the Character of Nancy in Oliver Twist论狄更斯《雾都孤儿》中南希的人物性格Strategies for Promoting Interactive English Teaching论英语教学如何走进交际互动课堂The Puritanism in New England of the 17th Century Reflected by Scarlet Letter从《红字》看十七世纪新英格兰清教主义风尚Translation of the Guide Words in Tourism English论导游词在旅游英语中的翻译Skills and the Translation of Puns in English Advertisement英语广告中双关语的运用技巧及翻译On the Fairy-tale Language Characteristics and Religion in Journey to the West论《西游记》中的童话语言特色及其宗教色彩Campus Catch-words and the Difference of Thinking Modes between Chinese and Foreign Students从校园流行语看中外学生思维方式的差异Body Language in English Teaching体态语在英语教学中的运用Forest Gump’s Language Characteristics in Forest Gump《阿甘正传》中阿甘的语言特色The Symbolic Meanings in Scarlet Letter《红字》中的若干象征意义On English Retelling浅谈英语复述On interesting English teaching浅谈英语爱好教学Look through Hawthorne's people in the Scarlet Letter看透《红字》中霍桑所写人物Translation Technique on the Complete Sherlock novels谈《福尔摩斯探案集》的翻译技巧Comments on the words used in teaching 浅谈教学用语On the Excessive Transition in the English Learning of Chinese Students论中国学生英语学习中的过度迁移On the difference in the Cultural fondness of Sino-America浅析中美文化的喜好差异On Ambitiousness in Communication in English论英语交际中的语用歧义copyright dedecmsA Comparison on the Cultural differences in appellation between Chinese and English 汉英称谓系统的文化对比A comparative study of word order in English and Chinese coordinate constructions and their translations英汉并列结构的语序对比与翻译On application of Activities-based approach in English teaching浅谈活动教学法在英语教学中的应用On Children's Education between China and America对中美孩童教育的思考On the Relationship between English Study and Gender Differences浅谈英语学习与性别差异On the Phenomena of Negative Transference in Translation翻译中的负迁移现象浅析On the design of multiple-choice lutes in reading comprehension论阅读理解中多项选择题的设计On the Culture Penetration in English Teaching in Senior Middle School谈高中英语教学中的文化渗透Briefly on the Culture Penetration in the Net Game浅谈网络游戏中的文化渗透copyright dedecmsRelationship between Teaching and Learning during the English Enlighten Education启蒙英语教育中的教与学English Teaching Orientation in the Background of the New Curriculum新课程背景下英语教学的转向On the Rationality of Selecting English Textbooks英语教材选用的公道性研究The Advantage and Disadvantage of Bilingual Teaching双语教学的利与弊The Goal of English Teaching in Senior Middle School高中英语教学目标初探New Trends of Writing Teaching in English写作教学的新趋势How to Define and Translate the Meaning of Polysemant in English-Chinese translation英汉互译中多义词的确定及翻译On How to construct Interpersonal Environment in Class论课堂人际环境的构建On TPR in the Primary English Classroom小学英语课堂反应法探索The Impact of Social Background on Scar let’s Marriage社会背景对斯佳丽婚姻的影响copyright dedecmsThe Sun Also Rises and Its Social Context太阳照样升起和其社会背景Pause Phenomenon in EFL Learners英语初学习者的停顿现象Meaning and Paraphrase: A Strategic Model含义和释义：一种战略模式The Prominence of Discourse话语的突显On Man’s Tragic End--Viewed from The Old Man and the Sea从老人与海看人的悲剧Some Fresh Thoughts on English Teaching in Classroom英语课堂教学的新思考On Conrad’s Narrative Te chnique--From “Nostromo” 从“Nostromo”看康拉德的叙事技巧A contrastive study of Directional verbs in Chinese and English中英趋向动词的比较研究Semantics’ Influence on Structure语义对结构的影响The Impact on Structures Change by Cognition认知对结构变化的影响Social Psychological Factors and Their Influence on Ell社会心理因素和他们对语言学习的影响Learner-Centered College English Teaching“以学习者为中心”的大学英语教学织梦内容治理系统Contextual Restriction in Translation语境对翻译的限制Contrastive Analysis of English-Chinese Tourism Texts英汉旅游篇章对比分析Amplification and Omission in Translation翻译中的信息增减Three Techniques in English-Chinese Alternating Translation中英互译中的三个技巧Analysis of Tess’ Tragedy苔丝悲剧的分析Translation and Business-oriented Terms经贸术语及其翻译Application of Games in Middle School English Teaching游戏在中学英语教学中的运用Transformational Technique of Parts of Speech in Translation翻译中词性转换的技巧Non-verbal Behaviors for Activating Students in English Classes英语课堂中激活学生的非语言行为Application of Absolute Construction in Interpretation独立主格在口译中的运用Effect on Translation from Different English-Chinese Modes of Thinking中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响On Ways of Breaking Cultural Barriers in Translation of Human Names如何克服人名翻译中的文化障碍织梦好，好织梦On Translation of Chinese Dishes论中国菜名的英译On Translation Skills of Traditional Chinese Medical Terms论中医用语的翻译技巧On Influence of Cultural Differences on Understanding English and Chinese Advertisements论文化差异对解读英汉广告的影响On Aesthetic Association and Translation of Names of Commodities论审美联想与商品名的翻译On Changes of Business Etiquettes in Cross-Cultural Communication论跨文化交际中商务礼节的变迁On Tragic Fate of the Heroin in Life论<一生>中女主人公的悲剧命运On Language Communication Skills in Business Negotiation论商务谈判中语言沟通技巧On Comprehending and Usage of Euphemism in Business Negotiation论商务谈判中委婉语的理解和运用On Influence of American Culture on Import and Export Commodities论美国文化对进出口商品翻译的影响On Application of Nonverbal Means in Communication论非语言形式在交际中的运用copyright dedecms Cultural Gap and Mistranslation英汉文化差异与误译On The Nature and functions of Metaphor论隐喻的本质与功能On the Status and Role of the Translator in Literary Translation论文学翻译中译者的地位与作用On the Origin, Word-Formation and Translation of English Neologisms浅谈英语新词的产生、构成及翻译On Discourse as the Unit of Translation浅谈以语篇为翻译单位A Study on Punctuation and Omission in Simultaneous Interpretation论同声传译中的断句与省略The Comparison and Translation of “Nine” in Chinese and Western Culture英汉数字“九”的文化对比与翻译The length and width of the English study in the translation part of the TEM8从英语专业八级卷翻译部分看英语学习的广度和深度A Brief Study on the Translation of English News Titles英语新闻标题翻译初探Knowledge Base in Professional Interpreting论专业口译的基础知识织梦好，好织梦On Translation Techniques of Loanwords浅谈外来语的翻译A Study of Application and Translation of Idiomatic Usages of English Preposition浅谈英语介词惯用法的运用与翻译Strategies and Impact on Education from China’s Entry into WTO WTO 对中国教育的影响及对策The Cultural Influence on English Expressions and Word Choices文化对英语表达和词汇的影响Application of Inverted Sentences in English浅谈英语中的倒装Decomposition and Translation of Ambiguous Structures歧义结构的化解与翻译The Orientation of Nonfiction in Contemporary English Literature英语记录文学在当代文学中的定位On Presenting New Teaching Materials of Junior English论中学英语教学材料的呈现Function of Discourse in Translation语篇功能在翻译中的表现Function of Translation in English Teaching翻译在英语教学中的地位The Regional Differences between Chinese and Western Culture中西文化差异之地域文化差异织梦好，好织梦Non-equivalence between Chinese and English Idioms and Intercultural differences英汉习语的不等值现象于跨文化差异Usage and Translation of Numerals in English Expressions英语中数目词组中的用法和翻译技巧A Contrastive Study of the Formation of English and Chinese Antonyms论英汉反义词的形成Various Factors Reducing the Efficiency of English Learning论影响英语学习成效的各种因素Chicago as a Mirror of American Social Problems电影《芝加哥》所透析出的美国社会题目A Contrastive Study of Animal Cultural Implication between Chinese and English 英汉语动物文化含义比较On the Development of English New Words英语新词的发展On the Usage of English Abbreviations on the Internet谈网络英语中的缩略语My View on Rhett in Gone with Wind白瑞德DDDD理想化的男人，斯嘉丽真正的灵-------我? 《飘》中的白瑞>> he Cultural Difference between Chinese and Western Foodd试论中西餐饮文化差织梦内容治理系?> On American Dream ------Viewed from ister Carriee》从《嘉莉妹妹》看美国>> y view on the Classic Standpoint of love of Jane Austinn从《爱玛》看简。

(完整版)英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整版)英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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(完整版)英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature编辑整理：张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是我们任然希望（完整版）英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature 这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请下载收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为 <(完整版）英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature> 这篇文档的全部内容.English LiteratureSummary OnePart One： Old and Medieval English Literature 中古英国文学•Background Information：•Three Conquests： the Roman Conquest, the Anglo-Saxon Conquest， the Norman Conquest•The Period of Old English literature: about the year of 450 ～ the year of 1066 (the year of the Norman conquest of England）Beowulf《贝尔武甫》：•Type of literature：the national epic of the Anglo—Saxon and English people，a typical example of Old English poetry•Stories: fights with monsters•Characters： Beowulf vs. Grendel•Significance: reflection of the features of the tribal society of ancient times.•Language features: the use of alliteration; the use of metaphors and understatements。

英语文学导论Introduction to English LiteratureEnglish literature is the body of written works produced in the English language, including novels, poetry, plays, and essays. It is a rich and diverse field with a history spanning centuries, encompassing both the classic works of Shakespeare and Dickens, as well as the contemporary voices of Margaret Atwood and Zadie Smith. English literature is a reflection of Britain’s cultural, social, and political history, encapsulating its values and beliefs, and its changing traditions and viewpoints.Early English LiteratureEnglish literature can be traced back to the epic poem Beowulf, written in Old English, the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons. Anglo-Saxon literature, also known as Old English literature, comprises works written in England from the 7th to the 11th century, including religious texts, such as The Venerable Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, and epic poems, such as Beowulf. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought about significant changes in the English language and literature, with the emergence of Middle English and the works of Chaucer, which marked the beginning of the English Renaissance.English RenaissanceThe English Renaissance is a period encompassing the 16th and 17th centuries, which saw a revival of classical learning, the development of humanism, and the emergence of new literarygenres, such as the sonnet and the novel. It was a time of great intellectual and artistic achievements, with the works of Elizabethan playwrights such as Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare transforming the English stage, and the publication of the King James Bible, one of the most influential works of English literature.RomanticismThe Romantic period, which spanned the late 18th to mid-19th century, was a reaction against the Enlightenment and its emphasis on reason and logic. Romantic writers sought to evoke emotions rather than explain them, emphasizing the individual and the imagination, and exploring the spiritual and supernatural. Important romantic poets include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and John Keats, while the novels of Sir Walter Scott and Jane Austen are considered among the greatest works of the period.Victorian LiteratureThe Victorian era, which lasted from 1837 to 1901, saw significant social and cultural changes and produced some of the most enduring works of English literature. The Victorian novel, such as Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations and Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, explored themes of social injustice, morality, and class conflict. The poetry of Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning also flourished during this period, as did the works of non-fiction writers, such as John Ruskin and Charles Darwin.ModernismThe modernist period, which lasted from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, represented a break from traditional literary forms and conventions, marked by experimentation and fragmentation. Modernist writers such as Virginia Woolf and James Joyce explored the themes of memory, identity, and consciousness, while the poetry of T.S. Eliot and W.B. Yeats experimented with form and language, and challenged traditional literary conventions. The works of modernist writers continue to influence contemporary literature.Contemporary LiteratureContemporary English literature is a diverse and eclectic field, encompassing a range of genres, styles, and themes. The literature of the post-World War II era was shaped by the traumas of the war and the changing social, cultural, and political landscape, with important writers such as Samuel Beckett and Doris Lessing emerging during this time. Contemporary English literature includes the works of Salman Rushdie, Ian McEwan, Zadie Smith, Kazuo Ishiguro, and Margaret Atwood, among others.ConclusionEnglish literature is a rich and varied field that reflects the changing social, cultural, and political landscape of Britain. From the epic poem Beowulf to the contemporary works of writers such as Margaret Atwood, English literature has evolved through different eras, styles, and genres, reflecting the values, beliefs, andconcerns of its time. As a window into British culture and history, English literature is a vital part of the world’s literary heritage.The evolution of English literature can be seen as a reflection of the changing attitudes, beliefs, and concerns of British society. From the early religious texts of the Anglo-Saxon era to the modernist experimentation of the 20th century, English literature has undergone significant transformations and reinventions.The influence of foreign cultures, such as French and Italian literature, can also be seen throughout the development of English literature. The medieval works of Chaucer and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight were heavily influenced by French and Italian literature, while Shakespeare drew inspiration from classical Greek and Roman plays.Religion has also played an important role in English literature throughout its history. The Bible, both in its religious and secular forms, has been a source of inspiration for countless writers, influencing the language, themes, and imagery of their works. The intersection of religion and literature can be seen in works such as John Milton’s Paradise Lost and William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience.One of the defining features of English literature is its diversity, with multiple genres and styles that have evolved over time. The novel, for example, was a relatively new form of literature in the 18th and 19th centuries, but has since become one of the most popular and enduring forms of literature. Some of the most iconic English novels, such as Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations, continue to be studied andenjoyed by readers around the world.Poetry has also played a significant role in English literature, with numerous notable poets throughout its history. From the Romantic era of Keats and Wordsworth to the modernist experimentation of T.S. Eliot and W.B. Yeats, poetry continues to be a powerful and expressive form of artistic expression.Perhaps one of the most remarkable features of English literature is its ability to adapt and change with the times. From the religious texts of the Anglo-Saxon era to the post-modern experimentationof the 21st century, English literature has shown an incredible range and flexibility in its ability to reflect the changing attitudes and concerns of its time.One example of this adaptability can be seen in the emergence of post-colonial literature in the 20th century. As Britai n’s political and cultural influence began to wane, writers from former colonies, such as Salman Rushdie and Chinua Achebe, began to explore the experiences of their own cultures and societies, challenging traditional Western perspectives and offering new insights into the complexities of post-colonial identity and history.The impact of English literature can also be seen in its widespread global influence. From the works of Shakespeare to the contemporary authors of today, English literature continues to inspire and influence writers and readers around the world. The language and imagery of English literature have become a part of the collective consciousness of many cultures, shaping the way in which we understand and relate to our world.In conclusion, English literature is a rich and varied field that has reflected the changing values, beliefs, and concerns of British society throughout its history. Its ability to adapt and evolve with the times, as well as its global influence, has made it an important and enduring part of the world’s literary heritage. The continued study and appreciation of English literature is vital in understanding both Britain’s cultural past and its present.。

ciassics and me 英语作文Classics and MeClassics have always been a significant part of my life. From reading ancient literature to watching classic movies, I have always been drawn to the timeless themes and enduring messages found in these works. In this essay, I will explore the impact that classics have had on me and why I believe they are still relevant today.One of the first classic books that I read was "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen. I was captivated by the witty dialogue and the complex characters that Austen created. Through her writing, I was able to glimpse into a different time and place, while also realizing that many of the issues and emotions explored in the novel are still relevant today. The themes of love, social class, and independence resonated with me, and I found myself relating to the characters in ways that I had not expected.As I grew older, I delved into other classic works, such as "Moby Dick" by Herman Melville and "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Each of these novels offered a unique perspective on the human experience and challenged me to think more critically about the world around me. Through theseworks, I learned about the power of storytelling and how literature can shape our understanding of ourselves and others.In addition to literature, I also developed a passion for classic films. Movies such as "Gone with the Wind" and "Casablanca" captured my imagination and transported me to different eras and cultures. I was fascinated by the performances of the actors, the cinematography, and the timeless appeal of the stories being told. Watching these movies made me appreciate the art of filmmaking and the impact that a well-crafted story can have on an audience.Overall, classics have played a significant role in shaping my worldview and influencing my creativity. Whether through literature or film, I have found inspiration in the enduring themes and timeless messages that these works convey. I believe that classics are still relevant today because they speak to universal truths and emotions that transcend time and culture. By exploring the rich tapestry of classic works, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.In conclusion, classics have been a constant source of inspiration and enrichment in my life. Through books and movies, I have explored different eras, cultures, and perspectives, which have broadened my horizons and deepened my appreciation forthe human experience. I believe that classics will continue to be relevant for future generations, as they offer timeless insights and provoke thought-provoking questions that are essential for our growth and development as individuals and as a society.。

2012-2013学年 第二学期 《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A 卷）专业：英语 年级：2010级 考试方式：闭卷 学分：2 考试时间：110分钟I ．Multiple Choices (每小题 1分，共20分)Directions: Select from the four choices of each item the one thatbest answers the question.1. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more_____________. A . rational B . humorous C. optimisticD . pessimistic2. Which of the following is not written by Ernest Hemingway, one of the best-known American authors of the 20th century? A. The Sun Also Rises B. The Old Man and the Sea C. Mosses from the Old ManseD. Hills Like White Elephant3. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues Except the __________ in the American history. A. individual feeling B. survival of the fittest C. strong imaginationD. return to nature4. Almost all Faulkner ’s heroes turned out to be tragic because__________. A. all enjoyed living in the declining American South.B. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and Social institutions.C. most of them were prisoners of the past.D. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable.5. As an autobiograp hical play, O’Neill’s ________ (1955) has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama._.A. The Iceman ComethB. Long Day’s Journey into NightC. Beyond the HorizonD. Bound East for Cardiff6. Which of the following statements is right about Robert Frost’s poetry?A. He combined traditional verse forms with the difficult and highly ornamental language.B. He combined traditional verse forms with the pastoral language of the Southern area.C. He combined traditional verse forms with a simple spoken language, the speech of New England farmers.D. He combined traditional verse forms with the experimental.7. Edgar Allen Poe was characterized by his __________.A. psycho-analysisB. novels set in the WestC. free verseD. political pamphlets8. Which of the following is depicted as the mythical county in William Faulkner’s novels?A. CambridgeB. OxfordC. MississippiD. Yoknapatawpha9. ____________ was the first great American writer to write for pleasure rather than utility. He is considered to be founder of American literature by some critics.A. James Fenimore CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Ezra PoundD. Mark Twain10. We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except that they are _______________.A. lyrical and well-structuredB. conversational and crudeC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing11. The Grapes of Wrath by Steinbeck reveals the miserable lives of __________ .A. factory workersB. sailorsC. landless farm laborersD. veterans12. Among the American realistic writers, _________ focused his attention on the rising middle class and the way they lived.A. Herman MelvilleB. Henry JamesC. Mark TwainD. William Dean Howells13. Which of the following is a representative novel of naturalism by an American writer? 2A. Innocents AbroadB. McTeagueC. Daisy MillerD. The Grapes of Wrath14. The first symbol of self-made American man is _________.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Washington IrvingC. George WashingtonD. Mark Twain15. The Imagist writers followed three principles. They respectively are direct treatment, economy of expression and ________.A. local colorB. ironyC. clear rhythmD. blank verse16. Robert Frost is famous for his lyric poems. Which of the following lyric poems wasnot written by Robert Frost?A. “The Raven”B. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”C. “After Apple-picking”D. “The Road Not Taken”17. “The lost generation”refers to the writers who relocated to Paris in the post WWⅠyears to reject to values of American materialism. All the following but ________are involved in this group.A. F. S. FitzgeraldB. Ernest HemingwayC. Theodore DreiserD. John Dos Passos18. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them _________.A. AnglicansB. CatholicsC. NormansD. Puritans19. Which one of the following statements is applicable to the understanding of Transcendentalism?A. It is strongly influenced by social Darwinism.B. Belief in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.C. Man has no free-will.D. It holds that determinism governs everything.20. In __________, Captain Ahab is obsessed with the revenge on a whale which shearedoff his leg on a previous voyage, and his crazy chasing of it eventually brings death to allon board the whaler except Ishmael, who survives to tell the tale.《美国文学》A卷第3页共18页4A. TypeeB. White JacketC. Moby DickD. Billy BuddII ．Explain the Following Literary Terms Briefly (每小题7分，共14分)Directions : Please write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.21. Local Colorism 22. Stream of ConsciousnessIII ．Identification of Fragments (每小题7分，共21分)Directions : Please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly comment on itin English. Please write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.23. “‘That ’s right.’ He said; ‘I ’m no good now. I was all right. I had money. I ’m going to quit this,’ and, with death in his heart, he started down toward the Bowery. People had turned on the gas before and died; why shouldn ’t he? He remembered a lodging house where there were little, close rooms, with gas-jet in them, almost pre-arranged, he thought, for what he wanted to do, which rented for fifteen cents. Then he remembered that he had no fifteen cents.”24. “All day Buck brooded by the pool or roamed restlessly above the camp. Death, as a cessation of movement, as a passing out and away from the lives of the living, he knew, and he knew John Thornton was dead. It left a great void in him, somewhat akin to hunger, but a void which ached and ached, and which food could not fill.25. “Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why that would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her. She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue.IV . Short Essay Questions (每小题10分，共 30 分)Directions : Please write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.《美国文学》A 卷 第5页 共18页26. The relationship between man and nature is a recurrent theme, perhaps one of the most important themes, in American literature. Write a short essay on it by contrasting tow or three American literary works, or two or three American literary movements, to tell what you know about their different views of nature. 27. Please make a comment on Eugene O ’Neil.28. Please briefly comment on Theodore Dreiser ’s novel Sister Carrie.V ．Appreciating a Literary Work (计 15 分)Directions:In this part, you are required to write a commentary paper in no less than 100 words. Please write it on the AnswerSheet .A Clean, Well-Lighted PlaceErnest HemingwayIt was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the day time the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him."Last week he tried to commit suicide," one waiter said. "Why?""He was in despair." "What about?" "Nothing.""How do you know it was nothing?" "He has plenty of money."They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind. A girl and a soldier went by in the street. The street light shone on the brass number on his collar. The girl wore no head covering and hurried beside him."The guard will pick him up," one waiter said. "What does it matter if he gets what he's after?""He had better get off the street now. The guard will get him. They went by five minutes ago."The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his glass. The youngerwaiter went over to him."What do you want?"The old man looked at him. "Another brandy," he said."You'll be drunk," the waiter said. The old man looked at him. The waiter went away."He'll stay all night," he said to his colleague. "I'm sleepy now. I never get into bed before three o'clock. He should have killed himself last week."The waiter took the brandy bottle and another saucer from the counter inside the cafe and marched out to the old man's table. He put down the saucer and poured the glass full of brandy."You should have killed yourself last week," he said to the deaf man. The old man motioned with his finger. "A little more," he said. The waiter poured on into the glass so that the brandy slopped over and ran down the stem into the top saucer of the pile. "Thank you," the old man said. The waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe. He sat down at the table with his colleague again."He's drunk now," he said."He's drunk every night.""What did he want to kill himself for?""How should I know.""How did he do it?""He hung himself with a rope.""Who cut him down?""His niece.""Why did they do it?""Fear for his soul.""How much money has he got?" "He's got plenty.""He must be eighty years old.""Anyway I should say he was eighty.""I wish he would go home. I never get to bed before three o'clock. What kind of hour is that to go to bed?""He stays up because he likes it.""He's lonely. I'm not lonely. I have a wife waiting in bed for me.""He had a wife once too.""A wife would be no good to him now.""You can't tell. He might be better with a wife.""His niece looks after him. You said she cut him down.""I know." "I wouldn't want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing.""Not always. This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling. Even now, drunk. Look at him.""I don't want to look at him. I wish he would go home. He has no regard for those 6《美国文学》A 卷 第7页 共18页who must work."The old man looked from his glass across the square, then over at the waiters."Another brandy," he said, pointing to his glass. The waiter who was in a hurry came over."Finished," he said, speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners. "No more tonight. Close now.""Another," said the old man."No. Finished." The waiter wiped the edge of the table with a towel and shook his head.The old man stood up, slowly counted the saucers, took a leather coin purse from his pocket and paid for the drinks, leaving half a peseta(西班牙货币单位) tip. The waiter watched him go down the street, a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity."Why didn't you let him stay and drink?" the unhurried waiter asked. They were putting up the shutters. "It is not half-past two.""I want to go home to bed." "What is an hour?""More to me than to him." "An hour is the same.""You talk like an old man yourself. He can buy a bottle and drink at home." "It's not the same.""No, it is not," agreed the waiter with a wife. He did not wish to be unjust. He was only in a hurry."And you? You have no fear of going home before your usual hour?" "Are you trying to insult me?""No, hombre （老兄）, only to make a joke.""No," the waiter who was in a hurry said, rising from pulling down the metal shutters. "I have confidence. I am all confidence.""You have youth, confidence, and a job," the older waiter said. "You have everything.""And what do you lack?" "Everything but work.""You have everything I have.""No. I have never had confidence and I am not young." "Come on. Stop talking nonsense and lock up.""I am of those who like to stay late at the cafe," the older waiter said."With all those who do not want to go to bed. With all those who need a light for the night.""I want to go home and into bed.""We are of two different kinds," the older waiter said. He was now dressed to go home. "It is not only a question of youth and confidence although those things are very beautiful. Each night I am reluctant to close up because there may be some one who needs the cafe.""Hombre, there are bodegas open all night long.""You do not understand. This is a clean and pleasant cafe. It is well lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves.""Good night," said the younger waiter."Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself, It was the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. What did he fear? It was not a fear or dread, It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was a nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada （没有，虚无）y（所以）pues（既然，那么）nada y nada y pues nada. Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee. （这是一段模仿祷告词，其中的名词和动词都被虚无所取代，表明一切事物和行为都是虚无。

英美文学研究论文Title: A Comparative Study of English and American Literature Introduction:English and American literature have been academic subjects for many years. As two of the most dominant literary traditions across the globe, both have created a legacy of great works in various genres such as poetry, drama, the novel, and short stories. However, despite their similarities, they differ significantly in cultural heritage, language, and political and social contexts. This paper seeks to examine the similarities and differences between English and American literature.Cultural Heritage:English literature has a rich history and legacy spanning over 1,000 years. The Anglo-Saxons, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, and Jane Austen are some of the prominent English authors who have made significant contributions to the English literary cannon. On the other hand, American literature is relatively young, dating back to the 17th century, and began with the works of William Bradford, Anne Bradstreet, and Edward Taylor. However, since then, American literature has produced many literary icons such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain, Ernest Hemingway, and Toni Morrison.Language:The English language serves as the unifying force between English and American literature. However, the two literary traditions differ significantly in their use of language. The variance is mostly due tothe differences in pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary. In English literature, the use of formal language and refined vocabulary is more prevalent. Meanwhile, American literature is more informal in its use of language, with the authors often incorporating slang and vernacular syntax and vocabulary. Political and Social Contexts:English and American literature reflect the political and social contexts in which they were created. English literature often reflects the cultural and social norms of a stratified society, reflecting the social hierarchies and class disparities of times past. On the other hand, American literature is characterized by the authors’ desire to escape the rigid social norms imposed by the Old World, reflecting the ideals of democracy and individualism that have become synonymous with the United States.Conclusion:In conclusion, English and American literature are two distinct literary traditions with their unique contributions to world literature. They differ in cultural heritage, language, and political and social contexts. However, despite their differences, they share a common love for the power of the written word and have given the world some of the most significant literary achievements.。

写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。

只保留主要观点。

2) 避免重复。

在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。

但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。

应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

3) 删除具体例子。

不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。

注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”5) 把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。

6) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。

如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

7) 压缩长的句子。

如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：“He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”8) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。

“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are todayaccessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul —it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.II.练习篇---- 学以致用1,Then, you can think of away to make both sides happy. Here are some tips1)Make time to talk. You could talk about your school life and your plans for the future.2)..Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.3). Show your parents you are growing up. Wash your own clothes and help around the house. Summary: There are some tips for children to follow so that they can get on well with their parents.2. Sometimes, kids don’t think their parents are fair to them. When you want to dress in a modern way, your mum doesn’t like you to wear a mini-skirt. When you are making phone calls to friends, they ask whether you’re speaking to a boy or a girl.Summary: It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem differently from our parents.3. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, “You use too much salt on your food, Paul. It’s not at all good for you!” Paul put downhis knife and frowned, “Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on you r food it would taste awful…like eating wood or sand…just imagine bread without salt in it!”Summary: Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.4. She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.Summary: She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation.Ⅲ.Task2: find out how to summarize the whole passage段意合并法(说明文、应用文)第一步, 通读全文, 领略大意;第二步,小结每一段的大意;第三步, 根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点, 综合归纳全文的大意.对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。

amatterofhonor英美文学简答题
摘要：
一、英美文学的概念与范畴
二、英美文学的发展历程
三、英美文学的主要特点
四、英美文学的重要作家与作品
五、英美文学的价值与影响
正文：
英美文学是指英语国家在美国和英国的文学，它是西方文学的重要组成部分，具有深远的影响。

英美文学的发展历程可以追溯到盎格鲁- 撒克逊时代，然后又发展到了浪漫主义、现代主义和后现代主义等不同的阶段。

英美文学的主要特点是对人性的深刻探索，对社会现实的无情揭露，以及对自由、民主和个性的强烈追求。

这些特点使得英美文学在世界文学中独树一帜，受到了广泛的关注和研究。

在英美文学的发展历程中，涌现出了许多重要的作家和作品。

比如，美国作家马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·芬历险记》、海明威的《老人与海》，英国作家莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》等，都是英美文学的经典之作。

英美文学的价值和影响是无法估量的。

它不仅丰富了世界文学的宝库，提供了许多新的文学观念和技巧，而且对世界各国的文化和文学产生了深远的影响。

同时，英美文学也是我们了解西方文化，尤其是美国和英国文化的重要途
径。

总的来说，英美文学是一个丰富而多元的文学体系，它不仅展示了英语国家独特的文化和历史，也反映了人类共同的情感和价值观。

What is a summary?A summary is a short piece of writing that gives the main facts or ideas of a story or article,etc. The qualities of a good summary?It should be objective,that is,the writer does not include any ideas of his/her own. It should be complete ,that is,the writer does not leave out important facts or ideas.It should be balanced,in other words,the writer gives equal attention to each main idea.The goal of a summary?It is to give readers an objective,complete,accurate and balanced view ofsomething(an article,a story ,a novel,a play,etc)Paragraph unityA unified paragraph contains only sentences that explain or support the general statement made in the topic sentence.Any sentence that does not relate to (=is not connected in some way)the main idea will not develop it.How to achieve paragraph unity?Begin with a discussable point and express it in a topic sentence.Stick to this single point throughout,that is,all other sentence should be aboutthis point.Prove or develop the point;don 't merely repeat it.Link your sentence to make your ideas easy to follow.How to outline (=to give the main facts about something) a story?Divide the story into smaller parts. Summarize each part in one sentence.Number your sentence summaries to make them an outline of the story.What is a narrative paragraph?A narrative paragraph is one that briefly describes an incident or a personal experience. Requirements that a good narrative paragraph should meet?Though its length is limited,it is complete,that is,it has a beginning,middle and end.It includes as little conversation as possible.Its sentences are connected by suitable linking words or expressions.Here are some common time linking words/expressions.Afterward later when shortly afterward soon while the next day/night then Paragraph coherence(Coherence is connection )A coherent paragraph is one in which every sentence after the first is connected to the one before it,to the topic sentence ,or to both ,and readers can readily follow the writer 's train of thought(= a related series of thoughts)An incoherence paragraph is one in which the sentences are badly connected or not connected at all,and the readers are likely to lose their way.How to achieve paragraph coherence?Arrange sentence in a clear order.Use correct pronounsUse correct linking words and expressions.What is exposition?Exposition is explanatory writing.Its purpose is to explain or clarify a point. Patterns of expositionExemplificationProcess analysis Cause-Effect analysis Comparison and contrast Classification Definition Analogy What is exemplification?Exemplification is a method of supporting a thesis statement with a series of specific examples or sometimes,with a single extended example.It is one of the most common and most useful means of developing a paragraph or an essay.What is an essay?An essay is a related group of paragraphs written for some purpose.Types of essaysEssays can be classified into types,or modes,according to their purposes. Narrative essays relate a sequence of events,whether factual or not.Descriptive essays create a word picture of a scene,a person,or an object.Expositive essays explain--to inform,instruct,clarify,illustrate,or define. Argumentative essays state an opinion and defend it logically.Basic structure of an expositive essayAn expositive essay has three parts: A beginning called the introduction. A middle called the body.An end called the conclusion.Elements of the expositive essay OutliningThesis statementTitleTransitionWhat is an outline?An outline is a method of organizing materials in logical order.It is a list that shows the main ideas and the structure of something you are planning to write.In other words,it is a plan for a piece of writing.Constructing an outline makes the writing of your essay easier.Types of outline1.Topic outline,which uses only key words and phrases.2.Sentence outline,which uses complete sentence.Format(the arrangement ,design,or organization of something)A topic outline looks like this:Thesis:In my first year at college,I learned to spend my money wisely.What is process analysis?A process analysis is a step-by-step explanation of how to do something,or how something works/done or made,or something happened.What is process analysis used for?1.To give directions to people who want or need to perform the process.(giving instructions )2.To give information to those who want to understand the process but may not actually performit.(giving information)3.To explain how something happened.(giving the history) What are the major typesof process analysis?1.Directive process analysis which is aimed at explaining how to do or make something.rmative process analysis which is aimed at explaining how something is done/works or how something took place/happened.What is comparison/contrast?Comparison/contrast is a method of developing a paragraph or an parison shows similarity while contrast shows difference.The word comparison is sometimes used to mean both comparison and contrast.What is comparison/contrast used for?1.To clarify something unknown or not well understood.2.To lead a new way of viewing something familiar.3.To bring one or both of the subjects into sharper focus.4.To show that one subject is better than the other. What is classification? Classification is the method of grouping objects,people,or ideas systematically.Itis one of the most useful organizational strategies in writing.What is classification used for?1.To organize and perceive the world around us.2.To present a mass of material by means of some orderly system.3.To deal with complex or abstract topics by breaking a broad subject intosmaller,neatly sorted categories.What is definition?1.Definition is the explanation of the meaning of a word or concept.2.Definition is also a method of developing an essay.What is analogy?Analogy is an extended comparison based on the similar features of two things of different classes,one familiar one easily understood,the otherunfamiliar ,abstract,or complicated.It is an important method of exposition.What are transition?Transition,also called ”transitional devices ”,are words,phrases,and even whole sentences that link sentence to one another.What is a journal?A journal is a record of experiences,ideas,or reflections kept regularly for private use.It is something “for you eye only ”.So you can write from your heart and letideas and feelings flow freely.Journal writing is a form of free-writing,which involves writing whatever comes to your mind about what happens around you and what you observe and think about. Argumentation and persuasion defined.Argumentation-persuasion is the type of writing in which writers try to encourage readers to accept their point of view on a controversial issue.In argumentation ,writers use objectives,logical reasoning,facts,and hard evidence to demonstrate the soundness of a position.Their purpose is to encourage readers to accept their point of view.In persuasion,writers use emotional language and dramatic appeals to readers' concerns,beliefs and values,often in the hope of encouraging then to take a specific action,besides,encouraging acceptance of an opinion.Argumentation and persuasion are frequently used together in an essay.Also,the two terms are often used interchangeably.The claim definedClaims,or propositions,represent answers to what you are trying to prove in an argumentative essay.Although they are the conclusions of your arguments,they often appear as these statements. Abstract&concrete wordsConcrete words identify persons and things that can be perceived by the senses--seen,heard,tasted,felt,smelled,e.g.table,boy,rose,etc.Abstract words denote qualities,concepts,relationships,acts,conditions,ideas that we can 't perceive directly through our five senses,e.g.honesty,friendship,life,etc. Most words are neither wholly abstract nor concrete.They are between the two extremes,e.g.exercise,rest,answer,etc.General&specific wordsSpecific words identify individual items in a group,e.g.BuickGeneral words relate to categories,an overall group,e.g.carMost words are neither wholly general nor specific.They are between the two extremes,e.g.child,student,flower,etc.The support definedThe ideas and information intended to convince readers that the claim is sound or believable. What is conciseness?Conciseness means being direct and to the point.Redundant words or wordy writing is not concise.Do not over-use words to deliver the message in your writing.Refutation definedRefutation is attempts to prove views against the writer 's position wrong or false.It is often an indispensable part of an argumentative essay,for it shows that the writer is aware of opposing viewpoints and has thought about both sides.Essays that mainly refute opposing views are known as rebuttal arguments.Fallacies definedFallacies are statements that may sound reasonable or true but are not logically defensible and may actually be deceptive.The emotional appeal definedEmotional appeal is a strategy writers and public speakers use to persuade,which is to arouse the reader's/audience's feelings to reinforce an argument.真题：What is the research paper?What is the process of writing it?A research paper is usually a formal,fairly long and well-documented composition. Process： 1.choosing a topic2.Collecting information3.Analyzing the information,organizing ideas and working out an outline4.Writing the first draft5.Revising the draft and finalizing the paper.What is the sentence?What is the effective sentence?A sentence contains at least a subject and a predicate verb:if the verb is transitive,there must be an object,if the verb is a link verb,there must be a predicative or complement.They are unity,coherence,conciseness,emphasis and variety.How many types of sentences according to the use?What are they?There are four.They are declarative,interrogative,imperative and exclamatory sentence.How many types of sentences according to the structure?What are they?There are four.They are simple,compound,complex and compound-complex sentence.。

英美文学欣赏英文作文I have always been a fan of English and American literature. The way these authors express themselves is truly captivating. Their words have the power to transport readers to different worlds and make them feel a range of emotions. It's like going on an adventure without leaving the comfort of your own home.One thing I love about English and American literature is the diversity of themes and genres. From the romanticism of Jane Austen to the dark and mysterious tales of Edgar Allan Poe, there is something for everyone. Each author has their own unique style and voice, making their works even more compelling.The language used in English and American literature is also fascinating. It is rich and poetic, with beautiful descriptions and vivid imagery. Reading these works feels like immersing yourself in a painting, where every word is carefully chosen to create a specific atmosphere or evoke aparticular emotion.The characters in English and American literature are often complex and relatable. They have their flaws and struggles, making them feel human and real. Whether it's the passionate and headstrong Elizabeth Bennet from "Pride and Prejudice" or the enigmatic Jay Gatsby from "The Great Gatsby," these characters stay with you long after you finish reading.Another aspect I appreciate about English and American literature is its ability to address important social issues. From the racial discrimination explored in Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird" to the gender inequality depicted in Virginia Woolf's "A Room of One's Own," these works have the power to challenge and provoke thought.English and American literature has had a profound impact on the world. It has shaped our understanding of history, society, and the human condition. Through the words of these authors, we gain insights into different cultures, perspectives, and experiences.In conclusion, English and American literature is a treasure trove of stories, emotions, and ideas. It has the power to transport us, challenge us, and make us feel deeply. Whether it's a classic novel or a contemporary poem, these works continue to captivate readers across the globe.。

2005－2006学年第二学期英语外事管理系2002 级《英美文化》期末考试试卷考试时间：90 分钟Part 1: Read the following statements and judge whether they are true or false. Write “T” or “F” on your answer sheets.(15 points)1.British has no written form of Constitution2.Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television in the electoral campaigns of the UK.3.Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.4.Sense and Sensibility is a tragedy written by Shakespeare5.In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to private schools6.Britain has its nuclear naval force since it’s a traditional sea power7. Australia as the world’s smallest continent and largest island8. God Save the Queen is the present Australian national anthem.9. Thomas Jefferson is the first president of the United States10. Canada is not a member of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.11.The Supreme Court in the USA today consists of a chief justice and 10 associate justices.12. The first English permanent settlement in America was founded in 1607 in Virginia13.The Democratic Party and the Republican Party are the two major political parties in the UK14. Today, the majority of Americans belong to the Protestant church. Over 60% of Americans are said to be protestant believers.15.Drug abuse in the USA has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging problems facing the nation.Part 2: There are 30 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and mark your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of London?A.The cultural centerB. The business centerC. The financial centerD. The sports center2.Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A.the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans3.Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester4.Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland5.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world forA. its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s wall ”B. its rich cultural lifeC. its low living standardsD. its endless political problems6.How many countries do you know there are in Northern Ireland?A. 26B. 6C. 32D. 207.Which of the following is not characteristic of British government?A.It offers the Queen high political statues and supreme powerB.It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchyC.It is the oldest representative democracy in the worldD.It has no written form of Constitution8.Which group of people can not vote in the general election in Britain?A.Members in the House of CommonsB.Lords in the House of LordsC.The UK citizens above the age of 18D.The UK residents citizens of the Irish Republic9.By whom is a “VOTE OF NO CONFIDENCE ”decided?A.the House of CommonsB.the House of LordsC.the two major partiesD.the Prime Minister10.Who is the leader of the Labor Party at present in Britain?A.JOHN MAJPRB. TONY BLAIRC. HAROLD WILSOND. MARGARET THA TCHER11.Which of the following is not an effect of the immigration on the British society?A.There are now a varied cuisine for people to chooseB.Class tension has been increasedC.New forms of popular music have emergedD.Different religious beliefs have been practices actively12.Which of the following about class system in the UK is not true?A.People of different class tend to read different kinds of newspaperB.Class-division is only decided by people’s incomeC.Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person’s life chanceD.The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.13.In its imperial prime, Britain once ruledA. a fourth of the globeB. a fifth of the globeC. a third of the globeD. two-thirds of the globe14. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy?A. the Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. the Prime MinisterD. the Ministry of Defense and the Treasury15.Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities?A. BritainB. ItalyC. the USAD. Russia16.The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptA.Martin LutherB. Martin Luther KingC. John CalvinD. The English King Henry VIII17.The New Deal was started byA. Franklin RooseveltB.J.F. KennedyC. Gorge WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson18.Which is not guaranteed in the BILL of RIGHTA.The freedom of religionB.The freedom of searching a person’s home by policeC.The freedom of speech and of pressD.The right to own weapons if one wishes19.which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executiveB. The legislativeC. The JudicialD. The president20.The united states was rated _____ in the world in terms of land and the size of populationA, second B. third C. fourth D. fifthPart 3: There are altogether 15 blanks in the following sentences. Fill in the blanks and write your answer at the corresponding places on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)1.The full name of the Unites Kingdom is2.The capital of Scotland is _________,which is well-known for its natural beauty.3.in the 18th century, King George I left the job of chairing cabinet meeting to one of hisministers who later became to be called____________4.In Britain, the official head of the state is the Queen while the real center of political life is in__________________5.There are 3 major parties in the UK: the Conservative party, ______________ and the LiberalDemocrats6.“The Jewel of the Crown”of the British Empire was _____________,which provided rawmaterial for British goods, gained independence in 1947.7.Since 1945, the UK economy has experience a ____________decline rather than absolutedecline.8.the UK economy can be divided into three main sectors:____________ industry, secondaryindustry and service industry.9.Manual (or blue collar) workers would usually call themselves working-class; while office (or_________) workers would call themselves middle-class.10.The general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is decided by Prime Minister and ________11.The city where the Declaration of independence was signed and where the US Constitutionwas made is __________12.The best-know stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange located in____________ area ofNew York City13.The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, _____________ and Jewish14.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s __________in1607.15.“Uncle Sam” is a nickname for the country---_________________Part 4: translate the following phrases into Chinese. (20 points)1.Devine right of kings2. The Bill of Rights3.The House of Lords4.Life peers5.MPs6. Magna Carta7.The Articles of Confederation8.checkes and balances 9.Industrial Revolution 10.white Anglo-Saxon ProtestantPart 5: answer the question （15points）Do you think the course “The Society and Culture of the Major English-speaking Countries” is useful for your English learning? Why?2005－2006学年第二学期英语外事管理系2002 级《英美文化》期末考试试卷考试时间：90 分钟Part 1: Read the following statements and judge whether they are true or false. Write “T” or “F” on your answer sheets.(15 points)1._____________2_____________3. ___________ 4. _____________ 5. ___________6. _____________7. ___________8. _____________9. ___________ 10. ___________11. ___________12. ___________ 13. ___________ 14. ___________ 15. ___________Part 2: There are20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and mark your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)1. A B C D2. A B C D3. A B C D4. A B C D5. A B C D6. A B C D7. A B C D 8. A B C D9. A B C D 10. A B C D11. A B C D 12. A B C D13. A B C D 14. A B C D15. A B C D 16. A B C D17. A B C D 18. A B C D19. A B C D 20. A B C DPart 3: There are altogether 15 blanks in the following sentences. Fill in the blanks and write your answer at the corresponding places on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)1. ____________________________________________2.____________________________________________3.____________________________________________4.____________________________________________5.____________________________________________6.____________________________________________7.____________________________________________8.____________________________________________9.____________________________________________10.____________________________________________11.____________________________________________12.____________________________________________13.____________________________________________14.____________________________________________15.____________________________________________Part 4: translate the following phrases into Chinese. (20 points)1____________________________________________2____________________________________________3____________________________________________4____________________________________________5____________________________________________6____________________________________________7____________________________________________8____________________________________________9____________________________________________10____________________________________________part 5: answer the question (15 POINTS)_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四川外语学院成都学院英语外事管理系2005-2006下学期期末《英美文化》参考答案Part 1: Read the following statements and judge whether they are true or false. Write “T” or “F” on your answer sheets.(15 points)1.t2.f3.t4.f5.f6.t7.t8.f9.f 10.t11.f 12.t 13.f 14.t 15.tPart 2: There are30 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)DACBD BABAB BBCAC BABBCPart 3: There are altogether 15 blanks in the following sentences. Fill in the blanks and write your answer at the corresponding places on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)1. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland16.Edinburgh 3. Prime Minister 4.the House of Commons5. the Labor Party6. India7.relative8.primary 9.white collar 10. cabinet11.Philadelphia 12. Wall Street 13. Catholic14.Virginia 15. the United StatesPart 4: translate the following phrases into Chinese. (20 points)1君权神授2权利法案3上议院3终身贵族5议员6大宪章7联邦条款8制约与平衡9.工业革命10.盎格鲁撒克逊白人新教文化part 5: answer the question四川外语学院成都学院英语外事管理系2005-2006下学期期末《英美文化》评分标准Part 1: Read the following statements and judge whether they are true or false. Write “T” or “F” on your answer sheets.(15 points)Part 2: There are30 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)Part 3: There are altogether 15 blanks in the following sentences. Fill in the blanks and write your answer at the corresponding places on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)单词拼写失误扣除0.5分答案错误不得分Part 4: translate the following phrases into Chinese. (20 points)翻译失误扣除0.5分答案错误不得分part 5: answer the question根据考生的观点，按论据给分，一个论据3分，其中单词拼写失误与语法错误按照每处0.5分扣除。

Introduction to English LiteratureEnglish literature is the body of written works in the English language, including novels, short stories, poems, plays, and essays. It has a rich history that spans over a thousand years, from the earliest Anglo-Saxon poems and epics to the contemporary works of modern writers.One of the defining features of English literature is its diversity, in terms of both the genres and the themes explored. Works of English literature are often known for their complex characters, vivid imagery, and profound social commentary. Many of the most famous works have had a significant impact on the culture and values of the English-speaking world, and continue to be studied and celebrated today.In this course, we will explore the history of English literature, from its origins in medieval England to the present day. We will study a wide range of works from various time periods, written by authors of diverse backgrounds and perspectives. Through our readings and discussions, we will analyze the themes, styles, and techniques employed in these works, andgain a deeper understanding of the evolution of English literature.By the end of the course, students should have gained a strong foundation in the study of English literature and developed critical thinking skills that will enable them to analyze and appreciate literary works in a more informed and insightful manner.。

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作（Summary）上海高考英语新题型之概要写作澄衷高级中学孙吉从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作(Summary writing)，也有许多人将之称为小作文”概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。

概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“ Key poi nts of a summary勺要求。

一?正确认识概要写作1. Defin iti on of summary writ ing （概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2. Key poi nts of a summary （概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）:Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other uni mporta nt in formati on.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness （完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a conden sed manner.Accuracy （准确性）:To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Cohere nee （连贯性）：Rather tha n an outl ine listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with n ecessary tran siti ons and fun cti on structures to make it flow.Objectivity （客观性）:Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic.The summary should reflect the content of the origi nalpassage only.3. Steps to write a summary （概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）An alyze the text ' s structure to divide it into several sect ions, find out the main idea of each sect ion and write it out briefly with your own words. （one senten ce）3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary tran siti ons to achieve cohere nee.5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summary （概要写作的开头）Beg in your summary with:*The author ' s name*The article ' s or chapter ' s name*The author ' s thesis statement —a general overview （survey） of the article.The Body:First of all, the author describes .....He then points out that ...............In addition, the author talks about .....Finally, the author suggests .....Some other in troductory phrases:*(The author) states in (this article) that …*(The author), in (this article) shows that …*ln (this article), (the author) writes that …*As (t he author) says in (this article), …*The main idea of (the author ' s article) is …*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; pointsout; suggests; proposes) that +clause …*The author talks about (expla ins; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.二?记叙文概要写作要点点拨记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。

Unit 1 Learning Styles学习风格Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, reflects on a visit to China and gives his thoughts on different approaches to learning in China and the West.哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行，阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。

Learning, Chinese-StyleHoward Gardner中国式的学习风格霍华德·加德纳1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。

然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。

目录Elements of a thesis (1)专题毕业论文写作 (4)英美文学 (4)翻译理论与实践 (9)英语语言 (11)语言与文化 (13)英语教学法 (13)毕业论文的开题报告 (17)引文及参考文献目录格式要求 (21)文献综述撰写的原则和方法 (34)选题参考 (38)文学类 (38)翻译研究 (41)英语语言学 (42)语言与文化 (43)英语教学法 (43)参考书目 (45)语言学 (45)翻译 (49)教学 (50)文化 (52)1Elements of a thesisA BA thesis is like a house because both of them have a macrostructure, which has bothobligatory and optional components. Although different universities may have slightly differentrequirements in terms of structure of the BA thesis, we would assume that a BA thesis usually hasthe following elements of structure:(1) Title, author, matriculation number, tutor, affiliation, year of submission, etc. Titles are like advertisements where the writer of the paper tries to secure “customers” through an attractive presentation of his “products.” The reader needs to know as early as possible in the reading process whether or not the paper contains anything that is of relevance to his own work. The title is the earliest point of contact between writer and reader, and it has been established by Bazerman (1985) that academics decide on the basis of the title whether or not to read further. The writer, therefore, must try to design the title in such a way that it will attract the attention of other scientists working within his own narrow specialization. Hence, theover-arching pragmatic aim must be to inform, and to inform quickly. If he fails to do this, his work may sink into oblivion.Swales and Feak (1994) maintained that a good research paper title should meetthe following requirements:a. The title should indicate the topic of the study.b. The title should the scope of the study (neither overstating nor understating its significance).c. The title should be self-explanatory to readers in chosen area.In some cases, as they added, it may also be helpful to indicate the nature of the study (experiment, case report, survey, ect.)(2) Abstract, one in Chinese, one in English; key words(3) Introduction, which includes brief information concerning the research background, the aimsand objectives, research questions, research method, theoretical framework, data, and thestructure of the thesis .(4) Literature review and theoretical preliminaries(5) Research method, data analysis(6) Results and discussion(7) Conclusions(8) Notes, Appendix, References, AcknowledgementsSome of the elements of structure are obligatory, which means that they must appear in thethesis, while others, notes, appendix, acknowledgements, are optional, that is, they may or maynot appear in the thesis depending on factors such as the nature of the research and the style ofwriting.In terms of the layout and Structure of the thesis, some elements of structure may appear in asingle chapter or section, while other elements may be dealt with in different chapters or sections.For example, in many theses, literature review and theoretical preliminaries each form a single2chapter.The abstractThe abstract is the first section of the paper. It usually comes after the title and before the introduction. The abstract provides an overview of the study based on information from the other sections of the paper. The reader can read the abstract to obtain enough information about the study to decide if they want to read the whole paper. Because it contains elements from the whole paper, it is usually written last.A common way to classify abstracts is by whether they merely describe the overall purpose and methods of the research presented in the document, providing a sense of main topics, or, instead, inform readers of specific details of the research, especially the results and conclusions.The abstract for any article will serve various purposes in the interest of the readers: (1) To indicate to readers quickly whether the full article would be useful to read.(2) To be extracted (or abstracted) from the full article for separate publication.(3) To provide terminology to assist in literature searches by individuals or by literature retrieval specialists for indexes and computer banks.In the process of writing the abstract, every word should be examined carefully to see if more words than needed are being used to narrate the story of one’s research. Also consider the fact that editors and reviewers, seeking initial orientation, are likely to first read a paper’s abstract and that this first impression is “perilously close to a final judgment of your final manuscript”. In informative abstract, the closest attention must be given to the language and the sentences that report the research results, understandably the most important and probably the dominant part of the abstract because they hold the new scientific information.The goal in writing the abstract, as Wilkinson (1991) states, is to convey as much new information as possible to scientists in the same or related discipline in as few words as possible accurately.Since the objective is the most content possible per word, the abstract is thedensest part of the article. Therefore, authors must first reduce drastically the parts to be included, and then they must eliminate wordiness and repetition. Other elements involved in the process of writing abstracts also require attention. These aspects include certain structural and typographical features, the important of using third person, and the consistent use of past tense.Huang Ghadessy and Zhang (2004: 66-67) suggest that there are a number of elements in theabstract which are concerned with answers to the following questions:(1) What is the subject matter/area the research paper is dealing with?(2) What background information is provided by the author(s)?(3) What is the purpose of the present study?(4) How is the research to be done?(5) What are some of the important findings?(6) What are some of the implications of the study?Order of Elements Included in an Abstract(1) some background information,(2) the principal activity (or purpose) of the study and its scope,3(3) some information about the methodology used in the study,(4) the most important results of the study,(5) a statement of conclusion or recommendation.The IntroductionIn the Introduction of a thesis, the following sections are usually expected:(1) rationale for theresearch (or background to the research, reason /motivation of the research), (2) aims andobjectives, (3) research questions, (4) data, (5) research method, (6)theoretical framework, (7)structure of the thesis.The rationale for the research is concerned with the reason, motivation, feasibility, necessity,appropriateness and/or the background information of the proposed research. The underlyingquestion is often along the lines of: “Why do we undertake the present research?”On the other hand, the section on structure of the thesis outlines the structure of the wholethesis.Structure of the ThesisThe thesis is divided into five chapters. In Chapter One, we introduce the theoretical background of the present study, present an outline of the aim and objectives of the study, anddescribe the text to be analyzed. In Chapter Two, we give a general review of the relevanttheoretical concepts to be followed in the study, with the focus on the notion of the TextualFunction, and survey the applications of the Textual Function in discourse analysis as well asits integration with translation studies. In Chapter Three, we examine both the English textand its Chinese translations from the Textual Functional perspective. In Chapter Four, wecompare and discuss the English text and its Chinese translations in terms of the TextualFunction. Finally, in Chapter Five, we summarize the main findings of t, he study and putforward some suggestions for future studies.The literature reviewThe literature review (文献综述) in a BA thesis or an academic paper is part of the secondaryresearch, and its purposes include: (1) to show what has been previously studied in the field andwhat can be improved or modified, (2) to summarize other people’s writings, (3) to define orreview definitions and key concepts, and (4) to clear the ground for your own research.4专题毕业论文写作一、英美文学（一）基本过程1、认真阅读原著研究文学作品，除了反复阅读原著以便熟悉作品本身，还要熟悉作品如下的内容：（1）书名和最初出版的日期；（2）作者的姓名及生卒年代；（3）主要人物的姓名及其主要性格特征；（4）故事中的其他人物及其主要性格特征；（5）故事梗概；（6）故事的叙述者和叙述人称（point of view）；（7）故事中描述的事件及事件发生的先后顺序；（8）主导故事的语气，以及作者对于中心人物或主要事件的态度；（9）简要评说故事的写作风格，并用简短的引文予以说明；（10）故事中的讽刺性描写及其在故事中的作用；（11）用一个句子概括故事的主题；（12）如果有的话，说出主要象征及其涵义；（13）对故事总的评价，简要地提出自己的观点。

英美文学欣赏英文作文模板Sure, here is an example of the English literature appreciation essay template.Paragraph 1:The novel "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen is a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers with its witty dialogue and insightful portrayal of social norms in 19th century England. The character of Elizabeth Bennet, with her independent spirit and sharp wit, remains a beloved figure in literature.Paragraph 2:In "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the decadence and disillusionment of the Jazz Age are vividly depicted through the tragic love story of Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan. Fitzgerald's lyrical prose and keen observations of human nature make this novel a compellingread.Paragraph 3:Emily Bronte's "Wuthering Heights" is a haunting tale of passion and revenge set against the wild and rugged Yorkshire moors. The complex characters of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw are brought to life through Bronte's vivid descriptions and intense emotional depth.Paragraph 4:"The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger is a coming-of-age novel that continues to resonate with readers forits candid portrayal of teenage angst and alienation. The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, has become an iconic figure in literature for his rebellious spirit and search for authenticity in a phony world.Paragraph 5:In "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee, the innocenceof childhood is juxtaposed with the harsh realities of racism and injustice in the American South. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, Lee addresses important social issues with compassion and moral integrity.Paragraph 6:The poetry of Robert Frost captures the beauty and harshness of the natural world, as well as the complexities of the human experience. His evocative imagery and profound insights into life and death have solidified his place as one of America's most beloved poets.Paragraph 7:The plays of William Shakespeare continue to be celebrated for their universal themes and timeless appeal. From the tragic love story of "Romeo and Juliet" to the political intrigue of "Macbeth," Shakespeare's works showcase the depth and breadth of human emotions and dilemmas.Paragraph 8:In conclusion, English and American literature offer a rich tapestry of works that continue to inspire and resonate with readers across the globe. Whether it's a classic novel, a poignant poem, or a timeless play, the power of literature to provoke thought and stir the soul is undeniable.。

10.Herman MelvilleBut it is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation. He who has never failed somewhere, that man cannot be great.(1819-1891)Teaching ObjectivesMelville‘s Life and Main WorksMelville‘s masterpiece Moby DickThe Main Plot, Major characters, theme, SymbolsSocial significance of Moby DickLife Experienceborn on August 1, 1819 in New York City into an established merchant family, the third of 8 children. His father became bankrupt and insane, dying when Melville was 12. His sea experiences and adventures furnished him with abundant materials, and resulted in five novels that brought him wide fame as a writer of sea stories.In 1850, he met Hawthorne and they became good friends. He read Hawthorne‘s books and was deeply impressed by Hawthorne‘s black vision.His fame was recognized after his death.Melville‘s Major Works1) Typee «泰皮»2) Omoo «欧穆»3) Mardi «玛地»4) Bedburn «雷得本»5) White Jacket «白外衣»from his adventures among the people of the South Pacific islandsan account of his voyage to Englandhis life on a United States man-of-war6) Pierre «皮埃尔»7) Billy Budd 《比利•巴德》(a sign that he had resolved his quarrel with God) Clarel 《克拉莱尔》( a poem)Moby-Dick «白鲸»，«莫比•狄克»an encyclopedia of everythinghistory, philosophy, religion, the whaling industrya Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting against fatesHis Tragic Influence from Literary TraditionAt the time of writing, Melville was reading Greek tragedy, especially the Orestia (奥瑞斯提亚）of AeschylusImmersed in the tragedies of Shakespeare – King Lear, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth Epic poetry, HomerMoby Dick (1)This book is dedicated to Hawthorne, for Hawthorne encourged Melville to change this novel from a story full of details about whaling, into an allegorical novel.Moby Dick (2)Epic in scope.It consists of 135 chapters.- the long and arduous journey- the great battleDefined as an epic, which contains a tragic drama, a tragedy of pride, and pursuit and revenge, which is also a tragedy of thought与白鲸有关的背景对爱斯基摩人来说，白鲸也是非常重要的，不仅因为其肉好吃，而且它们的油用来点灯不仅明亮，还能释放出大量热量，使简陋的冰屋保持温暖。

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I love English and American literature because it takes me on a journey through different time periods and allows me to explore diverse perspectives. Reading literature inits original language gives me a deeper understanding ofthe culture and society of that time. It also helps me improve my language skills and appreciate the beauty of the written word.One of my favorite authors is F. Scott Fitzgerald. His novel "The Great Gatsby" is a classic that captures the essence of the Roaring Twenties. The story is set in the opulent world of the wealthy elite, where Jay Gatsby, a mysterious millionaire, tries to win back his lost love, Daisy Buchanan. Fitzgerald's prose is elegant and poetic, painting a vivid picture of the decadence anddisillusionment of the era. The characters are complex and flawed, reflecting the contradictions of the American Dream. The novel explores themes of love, wealth, and the pursuitof happiness, making it a timeless masterpiece.Another author I admire is Jane Austen. Her novels, such as "Pride and Prejudice" and "Sense and Sensibility," are beloved for their wit, social commentary, and memorable characters. Austen's writing is sharp and satirical, exposing the hypocrisy and absurdity of the upper-class society she lived in. Her heroines are strong-willed and independent, challenging the traditional gender roles of their time. Austen's novels are a delightful blend of romance, comedy, and social critique, making them a joy to read.Moving on to American literature, one cannot ignore the works of Mark Twain. His novel "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" is a masterpiece that tackles the issue of race in America. Through the eyes of Huck Finn, a young boy from the South, Twain explores the moral dilemmas and hypocrisies of a society built on slavery. The novel is both humorous and poignant, with Twain's distinctive voice shining through in every word. Twain's use of vernacular language adds authenticity to the story, immersing the reader in the world of the characters.Lastly, I want to mention the poetry of Emily Dickinson. Her verses are like small gems, filled with profoundinsights and emotions. Dickinson's poems often explore themes of death, nature, and the human experience. Her useof unconventional punctuation and capitalization adds a unique rhythm to her writing. Reading Dickinson's poetry is like entering a world of mystery and introspection, where every word has a deeper meaning waiting to be discovered.In conclusion, English and American literature offer a rich tapestry of stories, characters, and ideas. From the elegant prose of F. Scott Fitzgerald to the sharp wit of Jane Austen, from the social critique of Mark Twain to the poetic brilliance of Emily Dickinson, these authors haveleft an indelible mark on the literary world. Reading their works not only entertains and educates, but also allows usto connect with the past and gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.。

题目：No.2 Theme for English B原文：The instructor said,Go home and writea page tonight.And let that page come out of you--Then, it will be true.I wonder if it's that simple?I am twenty-two, colored, born in Winston-Salem.I went to school there, then Durham, then hereto this college on the hill above Harlem. 纽约黑人聚居区哈林（Harlem）I am the only colored student in my class.The steps from the hill lead down into Harlem,through a park, then I cross St. Nicholas,Eighth Avenue, Seventh, and I come to the Y,the Harlem Branch Y, where I take the elevatorup to my room, sit down, and write this page:It's not easy to know what is true for you or meat twenty-two, my age. But I guess I'm whatI feel and see and hear, Harlem, I hear you:hear you, hear me--we two--you, me, talk on this page.(I hear New York, too.) Me--who?Well, I like to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love.I like to work, read, learn, and understand life.I like a pipe for a Christmas present,or records--Bessie, bop, or Bach.bessie smith（爵士乐人物）、博普爵士音乐、巴赫休斯的诗歌从黑人的音乐和民歌中汲取营养，把爵士乐的节奏融入于自由诗中，因而他的诗开阔，舒展I guess being colored doesn't make me not likethe same things other folks like who are other races.So will my page be colored that I write?Being me, it will not be white.But it will bea part of you, instructor.You are white--yet a part of me, as I am a part of you.That's American.Sometimes perhaps you don't want to be a part of me.Nor do I often want to be a part of you.But we are, that's true!As I learn from you,I guess you learn from me--although you're older--and white--and somewhat more free.This is my page for English B译文：作者介绍：兰斯顿·休斯(1902—1967)在美国文坛,尤其是黑人文学方面,是一个举足轻重的人物。

大学艺术英语2a级作文范文Here is an essay on the topic of "University Art English Level 2A Essay Sample" that is over 1000 words in length, written entirely in English without any additional punctuation marks in the body of the text.The world of art and creativity has long been a source of fascination and inspiration for individuals from all walks of life. As we delve deeper into the realm of higher education, the study of art and its various forms has become an integral part of the academic landscape. One such area of focus is the University Art English Level 2A, a program designed to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the nuanced world of art-related communication and expression.At the heart of the University Art English Level 2A curriculum lies the exploration of the rich tapestry of artistic disciplines. From the timeless masterpieces of classical painting to the avant-garde innovations of contemporary sculpture, students are immersed in a diverse array of artistic mediums and movements. Through in-depth analysis and critical discourse, they gain a profound understanding of the historical, cultural, and societal contexts that have shaped the evolution of art over the centuries.One of the key components of the University Art English Level 2A program is the emphasis on developing advanced language proficiency. Students are challenged to engage with complex art-related vocabulary, mastering the nuances of terminology that are essential for effective communication in the field. From the technical jargon of art history to the evocative language of art criticism, learners are equipped with the linguistic tools to articulate their understanding and appreciation of artistic works.Beyond the acquisition of specialized vocabulary, the program also places a strong emphasis on the cultivation of critical thinking and analytical skills. Students are encouraged to delve deep into the conceptual and thematic underpinnings of various artistic movements, exploring the ways in which artists have used their craft to convey powerful messages and challenge societal norms. Through rigorous discussion and debate, they develop the ability to critically examine and interpret the multifaceted layers of meaning inherent in works of art.The University Art English Level 2A curriculum also places a significant focus on the development of effective written communication skills. Students are tasked with crafting well-structured and persuasive essays, exploring a range of art-related topics and genres. From art historical analyses to creativeinterpretations of contemporary installations, learners hone their ability to articulate their ideas and opinions in a clear and compelling manner.One of the most distinctive aspects of the University Art English Level 2A program is its emphasis on the cross-cultural and interdisciplinary nature of art. Students are encouraged to explore the ways in which artistic expression has been influenced by diverse cultural traditions and geographic regions. They delve into the intersections between art and other fields, such as literature, music, and philosophy, gaining a deeper understanding of the broader cultural and intellectual landscape that has shaped the evolution of artistic practice.Through the University Art English Level 2A program, students are also exposed to the dynamic and ever-evolving world of contemporary art. They engage with cutting-edge works that challenge traditional notions of art and explore the ways in which artists are using their craft to address pressing social, political, and environmental issues. This exposure not only broadens their artistic horizons but also cultivates a deeper appreciation for the transformative power of art in the modern era.The culmination of the University Art English Level 2A program often involves the completion of a capstone project or research paper. This exercise allows students to synthesize the knowledge and skills theyhave acquired throughout the course, applying their understanding of art-related language, critical analysis, and written communication to the exploration of a topic of their choosing. The process of researching, organizing, and presenting their findings not only demonstrates their mastery of the subject matter but also fosters a sense of intellectual curiosity and academic rigor.As students navigate the University Art English Level 2A program, they are not only acquiring a deep appreciation for the world of art but also developing a diverse set of transferable skills that can be applied to a wide range of professional and academic pursuits. The ability to think critically, communicate effectively, and engage with complex ideas and concepts is highly valued in a variety of fields, from arts administration and cultural heritage management to marketing and public relations.Moreover, the University Art English Level 2A program serves as a gateway to further academic and professional opportunities in the arts and related disciplines. Graduates of the program may choose to pursue advanced degrees in art history, art education, or arts management, or they may opt to pursue careers in museums, galleries, arts organizations, or creative industries.In conclusion, the University Art English Level 2A program is a transformative educational experience that equips students with theknowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities necessary to navigate the dynamic and multifaceted world of art. Through the exploration of diverse artistic mediums, the cultivation of advanced language proficiency, and the development of analytical and communication skills, students are empowered to become active participants in the ongoing dialogue surrounding the role of art in society. As they embark on their academic and professional journeys, the lessons and experiences gained through the University Art English Level 2A program will continue to serve as a foundation for lifelong learning, creative expression, and intellectual growth.。