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2007年12月高等学校英语应用能力A级考试真题参考答案及听力录音原文Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)(评分标准：1-15题每题1分，共15分)Section A1. A2. D3. B4. A5. CSection BConversation 16. C7. BConversation 28. B 9. B 10. DSection C11. the Internet 12. boss 13. pollution14. human 15. face to facePart II Vocabulary & Structure (15 minutes)(评分标准：16-25每题0.5分，26-35每题1分，共15分)Section A16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. DSection B26. applications 27. cheerful 28. has seen 29. introduced 30. is allowed 31. having seen 32. to discuss 33. will last 34. deeply 35. usePart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)（评分标准：36-45每题2分，46-50每空1分，51-55每空0.5分，56-60每题1分，共35分）Task 136. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CTask 241. C 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. ATask 346. Information security specialist 47. information system security48. bachelor’s 49. Permanent Resident status 50. resumes@Task 451. B, G 52. K, M 53. J, N 54. P, F 55. Q, EA. reading, reference and copying阅读、查阅、复印B. staff only员工专用C. closed shelves for undergraduates本科生专用书架D. information retrieval room信息检索室E. inter-library loan馆际互借F. display & reading room for new books新书展览室G. multi-media reading room多媒体阅览室H. reference department office参考书部门办公室I. novelty research奇书检索J. lecture hall报告厅K. reading room for reference books参考书阅览室L. return deposit还书库M. reading room for Chinese social books中文社科图书阅览室N. title catalogue书名目录O. circulation for foreign books外文书刊借阅P. card catalogue卡片目录Q. periodicals and magazines期刊杂志阅览Task 556. visitors 57. accepted 58. website59. questions or comments 60. Jim SmithPart IV Translation---English into Chinese (25 minutes)（评分标准：61-64每题2分，65题12分，共20分）61. B---A---D---C 2---1---0.5---062. D---C---B---A 2---1---0.5---063. B---A---D---C 2---1---0.5---064. C---A---B---D 2---1---0.5---065.这些规章制度可以保证你在使用信用卡网上购物或电话购物时更安全。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）（含答案并可下载）绝密★启用前2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至12页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
3．本试卷共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。
一、（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A．数．落( shǔ) 多财善贾．(ɡǔ) 传．记( zhuàn) 杳．无音信( miǎo) B．毗．邻( bì) 前后相属．( zhǔ) 侍．候( shì)洁身自好．( hào)C．便笺．( qiān ) 人才济．济( jǐ) 静谧．( mì) 博闻强识．( zhì) D．混淆．( xiáo) 信手拈．来( niān ) 徜．徉( chánɡ)稳操胜券．( quàn) 2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是A．在这次举办的“当代书法艺术展”上，各种书体与风格的作品等量齐观．．．．，保证了展览的专业性与流派的代表性。
B．近年来，随着流域经济的快速发展，松花江污染问题也日渐严重，因此恢复松花江的生态功能间不容发．．．．。
C．在今年的“排队推动日”活动中，虽仍有凤毛麟角．．．．的几个“不自觉者”，但广大市民不论乘车还是购物都能自觉排队。
D．听说这家晚报和当地电信部门将联合举办高校招生大型电话咨询会，请有关专家答疑解惑，考生和家长都喜出望外．．．．。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．这篇文章介绍了传统相声所用的押韵、谐音、摹声等方面的详细的语音技巧和表达效果，内容丰富，饶有趣味。
2007年理工类A级职称英语考试真题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The news will (horrify) everyone.A. attractB. terrifyC. temptD. excite2. The article (sketched) the major events of the decade.A. describedB. offeredC. outlinedD. presented3. I won't (tolerate) that kind of behavior.A. bearB. receiveC. admitD. take4. Their style of playing football is (utterly) different.A. barelyB. scarcelyC. hardlyD. totally5. Her sister (urged) her to apply for the job.A. advisedB. causedC. forcedD. promised6. Even sensible men do (absurd) things.A. unusualB. ridiculousC. specialD. typical7. She (bumped into) her boyfriend in town this morning.A. walkedC. fledD. run8. This sort of thing is (bound) to happen.A. sureB. quickC. fastD. swift9. At the age of 30, Hersey suddenly became a (celebrity).A. bossB. managerC. starD. dictator10. He cannot (discriminate) between a good idea and a bad one.A. judgeB. assessC. distinguishD. recognize11. They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the Indians who (dwell) in it.A. liveB. sleepC. hideD. gather12. The index is the government's chief (gauge) of future economic activity.A. methodB. measureC. wayD. manner13. The architecture is (harmonious) and no building is over six-storey high.A. old—fashionedB. traditionalC. conventionalD. balanced14. The food is (inadequate) for ten people.A. demandedB. qualifiedC. insufficient15. She (persevered) in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.A. persistedB. insistedC. resistedD. suggested第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
华南农业大学期末考试试卷A卷评分标准（参考）2007学年第一学期考试科目：大学数学一、选择题：【把所选的代码A、B、C、D之一填入（）内】（每小题3分，共15分）设0=（1,0」）心=（1丄0）心=（220）°4=（2丄1）,则向量组久如心皿共有C ）个极大无关组。
二、填空题：（每小题3分，共15分）6、吧（―畑占=——Q_'-2 4、7、 1 (-1 2)= -1 2<3 > <-3 6>1、函数cos手的-个原函数是（B)°2、3、4、A、7t • 7tX—sin ——B、2 . 7TX—sin ——7t 2C、兀.71X--- sin2设/（兀）在兀。
处可导，则lim /（兀+3山）-/（兀。
）=（△AT OD、）。
A、3/U)B、-3/z(x0)C、在［3 3］上满足拉格朗日定理的条件的是（c、y = ln(x-l)2曲线y = ln（l-x2）在区间（OJ）内A.单调增加XL是凸的B、)°B、D、D、C、单调增加.且是凹的D、y=|3兀|y = x6)o单调减少II是凸的单调减少且是凹的2 • 7TX--- sin —7t 25、X、3 B、4 C、58、设A 是三阶方阵且|內二丄，"是A 对应的伴随矩阵，则行列式1(34)-*-2A*|的值16 2710、函数y = x-ln(l + x)的极小值点为 x 二()三、计算题：(每小题6分，共36分)11、 求极限lim(l + 2x)AoXT Ol+x1 ・解:方法1 lim(l + 2兀)x =lim(l + 2兀尸 ............. 2分X->0XT ()丄2=lim(l + 2x)2工 lim(l + 2x)......................... 4 分 XT OXT O——ln(l+2x) lim —ln(l+2x) lim(l + 2x) x = lime x= e x ^ x x->0x->0其中 lim 出ln(l + 2x) = lim h(1+ 2'V )+limln(l + 2x) = lim二一=2 ......................... 5分 x —>0 兀 XT ()兀 JVT O大一>()]+ 2x1+x所以 lim(l + 2x) A=e 2 ................................ 6分A->012、设sin(x+y-z)二 z + x ,—o ox dy解：方法1 sin(x+y-z) = z + x 两边对兀求偏导，得cos(x+y-z)(l-^) = ^ + l ................................... 2 分ox dx解得主=cos(x+)一 z)-1 ................... 3 分 dx l + cos(x+ y-z)丄丫lim(l + 2x)2x -\=e 2XT O............................ 6分l+x方法2为sin(x+y-z) = z + x两边对y求偏导，得cos(x + y - z)(l -— ............................................. 5 分ay ay解得 3z = cos(x +y-z) ................................ § 分dy l + cos(x+y-z)方法 2 令F(x,y,z) = sin (兀+y_z)_z_兀， .................. 1 分则 F x =cos(x+y-z) — 1, F y =cos(x+y - z), F z =-cos(x+y-z)-l, .............................. 4 分 从而主-坨=cos(Hy-z)-l ......................... 井dx F 二 l + cos(x+y-z)dz F 、, cos(x +y-z) dy F. l + cos(%+y-z)1 0_1 1 ,且E 为三阶单位阵，求（E-AY [O0 31-10 10 014、计算解：令\fx = r,则兀=尸 ................ 2分I e <x dx= I e f 2tdt = 2 f tde 1 ....................................... 4 分 Jo Jo J 013、已知 A= -1 解：・・・(E — AE)~ 1 0-10 10 ................................. 2分0 -2 0 01 "I -11 0 0~0 1-1 1 00 1 -2 -I 0 1"I -1 0 1 0 o -0 1 0 -1 2 -1 _0 0 1 0 1-1-1 0 1 0 o - 0 1 -1 -1 1 01 0 1j0 0 02 — -r0 1 0 -12-i_0 0 11— -i0 (E-A)_, = -1 0 2 -12 -1 1 -11............................... 6分=2 te f15、计算二重积分fJ xydxdy,其中D是由直线y = x与抛物线^ = r所围成的区域。
2007年6月高等学校英语应用能力A级试题Part II V ocabulary and Structure (15 minutes)Section A16.There are two maps on the wall: one is a map of China, and __________ is a map of the world.A、otherB、anotherC、the otherD、the others17.For years, doctors ___________ millions of patients’ lives with the help of microscopes.A、have savedB、are savingC、will saveD、were saving18.Once more I have to leave Beijing, __________ I have been living for eight years.A、thatB、whereC、whichD、as19.I was almost asleep last night when I suddenly heard someone ___________ at the door.A、be knockingB、knockingC、to knockD、having knocked20.The conferences ___________ in Beijing next week is bound to be a great success.A、holdingB、being heldC、to holdD、to be held21.It wasn’t such a good job ___________ she had read about in the advertisement.A、likeB、whichC、asD、what22.It’s my great honor ____________ to give a speech at the opening ceremony.A、to inviteB、invitingC、having invitedD、to be invited23.Not until yesterday ____________ anything about the project that will be completed soon.A、did I learnB、have I learntC、I learntD、that I learnt24.Thi s problem is _____________ his ability and I don’t think he can solve it.A、toB、inC、beyondD、under25.She didn’t go to the party last night, ____________ she had to finish her term paper.A、have savedB、are savingC、will saveD、were savingSection B26.The engineers spent the whole night (work) on the new device.27.I’m not sure whether we can gain any profit from the(invest) .28.The price of petrol is much(high) now than it was this time last year.29.No one can deny that we (make) tremendous progress in the past twenty years.30.The research group has submitted a report, (suggest) to the nearest hospital for treatment last night.31.The people injured in the accident(send) from the top of the hill, the village is very beautiful.32.The organization started a (nation) campaign against cigarette smoking in public places.33.Application for this training course should be sent (direct) to the admission office.34.It is high time that the manager (pay) more attention to the services for the customers.35.When (ask) about the advertising campaign of the new product, the manager said it was a great success.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, marked 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Everybody had an opinion about telecommuting (远程办公). “It won’t work in most jobs”, “Itcosts too much”, “It reduces air pollution”, “It helps people balance family and work responsibilities”, and “Most people are doing it”.In reality, researchers continue to find strong growth and acceptance of telecommuting. Nearly two-thirds of the top 1000 companies in the world have a telecommuting program, and 92 percent say it reduces cost and improves worker productivity(生产力). The days of everyone commuting to the office five days a week are quickly disappearing.Telecommuting involves a non-traditional work arrangement enabling workers to work at home or elsewhere, some or all of the time. This is not a new, novel, or untested way of working.But is it for you? Telecommuting is not a panacea (万能药). Whether you are a manager, or an HR (Human Resources) specialist, there are decisions to make and actions to take before you begin a telecommuting arrangement.Join us for any or all of the following meetings to get answers, information, and resources to develop and carry out a successful telecommuting arrangement. Each meeting offers you an informative presentation followed by the opportunity for a discussion with a panel of “experts” who have made telecommuting work for them.36. How do people look at telecommuting according to the first paragraph?A、They are against it.B、They don’t care about it.C、They share the same view.D、They differ in their opinions.37. According to the response of most of the top 1000 companies, telecommuting ________.A、increases worker productivityB、will disappear in the near futureC、can not be accepted by the publicD、is practiced in all the top companies38. Which is the following statements is TRUE of telecommuting?A、It is up to the employees to accept it or not.B、It is getting popular in different companies.C、It is a new untested way of working.D、It is a traditional work arrangement.39. Before beginning a telecommuting arrangement, the management should _________.A、appoint a new HR specialist toB、provide the facilities and conditionsC、improve the company’s productivity firstD、decide whether it is suitable for the company40. According to the last paragraph, meetings are held to _________.A、appreciate the efforts of the telecommuting companiesB、discuss the employment of telecommuting expertsC、help introduce the practice of telecommutingD、train people before they start telecommutingTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.Rockwatch—The Best Club on EarthIf you are a young person and interested in geology(地质学), then Rockwatch is the club for you! When you joinNew memberships receive a Rockwatch Rox file each. This has the information and top tips you will need to start enjoying geology. It’s designed to serve as your own fi eld notebook as well.In it you will find yourmembership cardfull color mini-mapthumbs up guidefact cardsRockwatch MagazineOur lively magazine is mailed to members three times a year. They can read reports and news from around the world, and articles on everything from diamonds to dinosaurs(恐龙), earthquakes to erosion(水土流失).Rockwatch EventsWith each magazine you will receive a Rockwatch events calendar. Rocky activities suitable for families are listed and include road shows and guided walks.The Rockwatch Rock ArtistAre you an artist, or a photographer? This is your chance to become Rockwatch Rock Artist of the Year and win amazing prizes in our annual competition.Special OfferRockwatch members can have specially discounted Wildlife Watch memberships. Watch is the biggest environmental action club for young people, with 100 groups across the country. You can join both clubs together by filling in the boxes in the membership form.41. New Rockwatch Rox Club members will obtain a special file when they ________.A、do field workB、join the clubC、buy a field notebookD、start studying geology42. Rockwatch is a magazine telling about things related to ___________.A、geologyB、agricultureC、politicsD、economics43. What activities are specially arranged for Rockwatch members interested in photograph?A、Guided walks.B、Rocky activities.C、Yearly competitions.D、Academic workshops.44. When applying for Wildlife Watch membership, a Rockwatch member can enjoy _________.A、free membershipB、a special discountC、a Rock Artist prizeD、guided road shows45. You may join both Rockwatch and Wildlife Watch clubs by ___________.A、calling the two clubsB、providing referencesC、applying separatelyD、filling in one form Task 3Directions: The following is an advertisement. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marker 46 to 50 in not more than 3 words in the table below. NUROFEN RECOVERY (纽洛芬去痛片)Please read these instructions carefully before you take this medicine.Nurofen Recovery dissolves(溶解) quickly on the tongue without the need to use water. It delivers effective relief from headaches.You should not take Nurofen Recovery if:-- you have had an allergic (过敏的) reaction to aspirin (阿司匹林)-- you have had a worsening of asthma (哮喘) when taking aspirin or similar medicines-- you are under 12 years of ageAdministrationPlace a tablet on the tongue, allow it to dissolve and then swallow—no water is required. Adults, the elderly and children of 12 years and older:Take 2 tablets, then if necessary, take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours. Do not exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours. Not suitable for children under 12 years.Warnings:If you take too many tablets by mistake, contact your doctor as soon as possible.If symptoms persist or if new symptoms occur, consult your doctor.Possible side effects:Stomach discomfort or pain, worsening of asthma or shortness of breath. If you experience any of these, stop taking the tablets and see your doctor.NUROFEN RECOVERYFunction: delivering(46) to live a healthier lifeDoctors’ advice and other(47) .People not intended for:1) patients with an allergic reaction to aspirin2) patients having asthma when taking aspirin3) children under the age of(48)Dosage:1) Staring Dose: 2 tablets2) If necessary: take 1 or 2 tablets (49)3) Maximum daily intake: 6 tabletsPossible side effects:1) stomach discomfort2) worsening of asthma3) (50)Task 4Directions: The following is a list of terms frequently used in medical services. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与……等同)those given in Chinese in the list below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered51 through 55.A ---------- Waiting and BoardingB ---------- Luggage DeliveryC ---------- Inspection and QuarantineD ---------- Getting a Boarding PassE ---------- Security CheckF ---------- Domestic DepartureG ---------- Over-sized Luggage Checked-inH ---------- Goods Prohibited to be Hand-carriedI---------- Duty-free ArticlesJ ---------- Customs Declaration FormK ---------- Quantity Allowed to TakeL ---------- Regulations on Restriction of LiquidsM ---------- Temporary Boarding ID CardN ---------- Guide to Outgoing PassengersO ---------- Goods Prohibited to Exit the CountryP ---------- Restriction of Hand Carry-on ArticlesQ ---------- Detection PassageExample: (L) 限定液体物品的规定(C) 检查与检疫51. 离港旅客指南领取登机牌52. 禁止携带出境的物品大件行李托运53. 候机/登机禁止随身携带的物品54. 限带物品数量检查通道55. 海关申报表免税物品Task 5Directions: There is an advertisement blow. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements that follow the questions (No. 56 to No. 60). You should write your answers in no more than 3 words on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.When you buy life insurance, you want a policy that fits your needs at a reasonable cost. Your first step is to determine how much life insurance you need. Next, you need to decide how much money you can afford to pay. Finally, you must choose the type of policy that meets your coverage (保险类别) goals and fits into your financial plan. Once you have completed these steps, you will be able to move ahead and contact several life insurance companies through an agent who will shop for the right type of policy for you.There are many reasons for purchasing life insurance, among which are the following:1. Insurance to provide family protection and financial security to surviving family members upon the death of the insured person.2. Insurance to cover a particular need upon the insured’s death such as paying off a mortgage or other debts.56. What should you take into consideration when choosing a life insurance policy?Both your needs and the .57. What’s the relationship between the type of policy and your finan cial plan?The type of policy should meet your .58. Who can help you buy the right type of policy from an insurance company? .59. Who will benefit from the life insurance upon the death of the insured person?Surviving .60. What is the second goal for buying life insurance?To pay off a mortgage or after death.Part IV Translation English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part, numbered 61 to 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (NO. 61 to NO. 64) is followed by four choices of suggested Chinese translation marked A, B, C and D. Mark the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Write your translation of the paragraph (No. 65) in the corresponding space on the Translation / Composition Sheet.61.If you are taking care of an aging parent or know someone who is, this 30-page booklet may be of great help to you.A) 假如你注意的话，你会知道这本小册子有30页，会对你的父母和你认识的人很有用。
试卷代号B高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）PRACTICAL ENGLISH TEST FOR COLLEGES试题册（GZI）注意事项一、将校名、姓名、准考证号和试卷代号填写在答题纸上。
二、所有答案均应做在答题纸上，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。
三、用2B铅笔答题。
注意保持答题纸卷面整洁、清楚。
四、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作答错处理。
选定答案后，在相当字母的中间划一条横线。
划线的浓度要盖过字母底色。
五、考试时间为120分钟。
考试结束后，把试题册和答题纸放在桌上。
监考人员收卷后考生才可离开考场。
六、查分网站：http：//高等学校英语应用能力考试委员会编制考试日期:2007年6月24日Part I Listening Comprehension (15minutes) Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recordquestion. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answerfrom the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper.Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read: A) New York CityB) An evening partyC) An air tripD) The man’s jobFrom the dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York.Therefore, C) An air trip is the correct answer. You should mark C) onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.[A][B][C][D]Now the test will begin.1. A) He has returned from a conference.B) He’ll have a conference next Friday.C) He’s waiting for the man in his office.D) He won’t be available until next Friday.2. A) Doctor and patient. C) Waitress and guest.B) Boss and secretary. D) Husband and wife.3. A) Study math with John. C) Ask John to be their tutor.B) Talk with John about his study. D) Take John to a doctor.4 A) The man doesn’t like the climate in Chicago.B) The woman likes Chicago very much .C) The woman has just been to Chicago.D) The man knows little about Chicago.5. A) Take another interview. C) Start his own company.B) Work with his father.D) Stay at the present job.Section B:Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversion, questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation 16 A) Miss Smith . C) Mr. Brown.B) Miss White. D) Mr. Smith7. A) Mr. Brown’s address. C) The telephone number.B) Miss Smith’s message. D) The time for the visit. Conversation 28. A) By train. C) By bus.B) By plane D) By ship.9. A) Two weeks. C) Twenty days.B) Three weeks. D) Thirty days.10. A) Sad. C) Happy.B) Excited. D) Frightened.Section CDirections: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions.Both the passage and the questions will be read two times. When youhear a question, you should complete the answer to it with a word ora short phrase (in not more than 3 words). The questions andincomplete answers are printed in your paper. You should write youranswers on the Answer Sheet correspondingly. Now listen to thepassage.11. What does your doctor usually advise you to do when you’re quite sick?To .12. What does the speaker think of following a doctor’s advice?Following a doctor’s advice is not always .13. What will keep a sick man working when he should have gone to bed?The stress of his .14. What will happen to the person who doesn’t take medicines properly?The medicines will do the person . 15. How should a person rest during an illness?He should rest both his body and .Part II Structure (15 minutes) Directions:This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section A:Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or wordsfrom the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then you should markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.16. Once more I have to leave Beijing, I have been living for eight years.A) that C) whichB) where D) as17. It’s my great honor to give a speech at the opening ceremony.A) to invite C) having invitedB) inviting D) to be invited18. For years, doctors millions of patients’lives with the help of microscopes.A) have saved C) will saveB) are saving D) were saving19. She didn’t go to the party last night, she had to finish her term paper.A) if C) tillB) though D) because20. It wasn’t such a good job she had read about in the advertisement.A) like C) asB) which D) what21. I was almost asleep last night when I suddenly heard someone at thedoor.A) be knocking C) to knockB) knocking D) having knocked22. This problem is his ability and I don’t think he can solve it.A) to C)beyondB) in D) under23. The conference in Beijing next week is bound to be a great success.A) holding C) to holdB) being held D) to be held24. There are two maps on the wall: one is a map of China, and is a mapof the world.A) other C) the otherB) another D) the others25. Not until yesterday anything about the project that will be completesoon.A) did I learn C) I learntB) have I learnt D) that I learntSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word orwords in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. The engineers spent the whole night (work) on the new device.27. I’m not sure whether we can gain any profit from the (invest) .28. The price of petrol is much (high) now than it was this time last year.29. No one can deny that we (make) tremendous progress in the twenty years.30. The research group has submitted a report, (suggest) reforms to bemade.31. The people injured in the accident (send) to the nearest hospital fortreatment last night.32. The organization started a (nation) campaign against cigarettesmoking in public places.33. Application for this training course should be sent (direct) to theadmission office.34. It is high time that the manager (pay) more attention to the servicesfor the customers.35. When (ask) about the advertising campaign of the new product, themanager said it was a great success.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions:This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do thetasks as you are instructed.Task IDirections:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question orstatement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shouldmake the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Rockwatch – The Best Club on EarthIf you are a young person and interested in geology, then Rockwatch is the club for you!When You JoinNew memberships receive a Rockwatch Rox file each. This has the information and to tips you will need to start enjoying geology. It’s designed to serve as your own field notebooks as well.In it you will find your●membership card●full color mini-map●thumbs up guide●fact cardsRockwatch MagazineOur lively magazine is mailed to members three times a year. Then can read reports and news from around the world, and articles on everything from diamonds to dinosaurs (恐龙), earthquakes to erosion（水土流失）.Rockwatch EventsWith each magazine you will receive a Rockwatch events calendar. Rocky activities suitable for families are listed and include road shows and guided walks.The Rockwatch Rock ArtistAre you an artist, or a photographer? This is your chance to become Rockwatch Rock Artist of the Year and win amazing prizes in our annual competition.Special OfferRockwatch members can have specially discounted Wildlife Watch membership. Watch is the biggest environmental action club for young people, with 100 groups across the country. You can join both clubs together by filling in the boxes in the membership form.36. New Rockwatch Rox Club members will obtain a special file when they .A) do field workB) join the clubC) buy a field notebookD) start studying geology37. Rockwatch is a magazine telling about things related to .A) geology.B) agriculture.C) politics.D) economics.38. What activities are specially arranged for Rockwatch members interested inphotography?A) Guided walks.B) Rocky activities.C) Yearly competitions.D) Academic workshops.39. When applying for Wildlife Watch membership, a Rockwatch member canenjoy .A) free membershipB) a special discountC) a Rock Artist prizeD) guided road shows40. You may join both Rockwatch and Wildlife Watch clubs by .A) calling the two clubsB) providing referencesC) applying separatelyD) filling in one formTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statement are numbered 41 to 45.Everybody has an opinion about telecommuting. “It won’t work in most jobs”, “It costs too much”, “It reduces air pollution”, “It helps people balance family and word responsibilities”, and “Most people are doing it”.In reality, researchers continue to find strong growth and acceptance of telecommuting. Nearly two-thirds of the top 1000 companies in the world have a telecommuting program, and 92 percent say it reduces cost and improves worker productivity. The days of everyone commuting to the office five days a week are quickly disappearing.Telecommuting involves a non-traditional work arrangement enabling workers to work at home or elsewhere, some or all of the time. This is not a new, novel, or untested way of working.But is if for you? Telecommuting is not a panacea. Whether you are a manager, or an HR (Human Resources) specialist, there are decisions to make and actions to take before you begin a telecommuting arrangement.Just us for any or all of the following meetings to get answers, information, and resources to develop and carry out a successful telecommuting arrangement. Each meeting offers you an informative presentation followed by the opportunity for a discussion with a panel of “experts” who have made telecommuting work for them.41. How do people look at telecommuting according to the first paragraph?A) They are against it.B) They don’t care about it.C) They share the same view.D) They differ in their opinions.42. According to the response of most of the top 1000 companies, telecommuting.A) increases worker productivityB) will disappear in the near futureC) can not be accepted by the publicD) is practiced in all the top companies43. Which of the following statements is TRUE of telecommuting?A) It is up to the employees to accept it or not.B) It is getting popular in different companies.C) It is a new untested way of working.D) It is a traditional work arrangement.44. Before beginning a telecommuting arrangement, the management should.A) appoint a new HR specialist toB) provide the facilities and conditionsC) improve the company’s productivity firstD) decide whether it is suitable for the company45. According to the last paragraph, meetings are held toA) appreciate the efforts of the telecommuting companiesB) discuss the employment of telecommuting expertsC) help introduce the practice of telecommutingD) train people before they start telecommutingTask 3Directions: The following is part of instruction. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No.50). You should writeyour answer briefly (in not more than 3 words) on the AnswerSheet correspondingly.NUROFEN RECOVERY（纽洛芬去痛片）Please read these instructions carefully before you take this medicine.Nurofen Recovery dissolves（溶解）quickly on the tongue without the need to use water. It delivers relief from headaches.You should not take Nurofen Recovery if:---you have an allergic（过敏的）reaction to aspirin（阿司匹林）---you have a worsening of asthma（哮喘）when taking aspirin or similar medicines---you are under 12 years of ageAdministration:Place a tablet on the tongue, allow it to dissolve and then swallow – no water is required.Adults, the elderly and children of 12 years and older:Take 2 tablets, then if necessary, take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours. Do not exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours. Not suitable for children under 12 years. Warnings:If you take too many tablets by mistakes, contact your doctor as soon as possible.If symptoms persist or if new symptoms occur, consult your doctor. Possible side effects:Stomach discomfort or pain, worsening of asthma or shortness of breath. If you experience any of these, stop taking the tablets and see your doctor.Task 4Directions: The following is a list of college courses. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to those given if Chinese in thetable below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in thebrackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51 through 55.A --------Waiting and Boarding B-------- Luggage DeliveryC--------Inspection and Quarantine D------- Getting a Boarding PassE--------Security Check F--------Domestic DepartureG---Over-sized Luggage Checked-in H---Goods Prohibited to be Hand-carried I--------Duty-free Articles J-------- Customs Declaration Form K--------Quantity Allowed to Take L---Regulations on Restriction of Liquids M--------Temporary Boarding ID Card N--------Guide to Outing PassengersO--Goods Prohibited to Exit the CountryP--Restriction of Hand Carry-on Articles Q -------- Detection Passage Examples: (L)限带液体物品的规定(C) 检查与检疫Task 5Directions: The following is part of an introduction to life insurance. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 toNo.60) that follow. The answer (in not more than 3 words) should bewritten after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.When you buy life insurance, you want a policy that fits your needs at a reasonable cost. Your first step is to determine how much life insurance you need. Next, you need to decide how much money you can afford to pay. Finally, youmust choose the type of policy that meets your coverage（保险类别）goals andfits into your financial plan. Once you have completed these steps, you will be able to move ahead and contact several life insurance companies through an agent who will shop for the right type of policy for you.There are many reasons for purchasing life insurance, among which are the following:·Insurance to provide family protection and financial security to surviving family members upon the death of the insured person.·Insurance to cover a particular need upon the insured’s death such as paying off a mortgage or other debts.56. What should you take into consideration when choosing a life insurancepolicy?Both your needs and the .57. What’s the relationship between the type of policy and your financial plan?The type of policy should meet your .58. Who can help you buy the right type of policy from an insurance company?.59. Who will benefit from the life insurance upon the death of the insured person?Surviving60. What is the second goal for buying life insurance?To pay off a mortgage or after death.Part IV Translation – English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions:This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64,you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choosethe best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation inthe corresponding space on the Translation/ Composition Sheet.61. During the meeting held in Brazil last month the supporters of free tradeargued that these economic policies could benefit all nations.A) 支持者上个月在巴西召开自由贸易会议,他们辩称这些经济政策有利于所有的国家。
2007年综合类A级考试真题答案1.B【解析】第一步：直接浏览题干，明确目标词。
本题目标词：horrify。
第二步：查词典明确目标词的意思，看是否有选项在其同义词列表中。
horrify：让人恐惧，选项B在其同义词列表中，故选项B为为正确答案。
其中选项A：attract意思是"吸引"；选项B：terrify意思是：使人害怕，与目标词意思相近；选项C：tempt意思是"吸引，引起"；选项D：excite意思是"使兴奋"。
句意：这条新闻让每个人都感到恐惧。
因此本题正确答案选B。
2.C【解析】第一步：直接浏览题干，明确目标词。
本题目标词：sketched，其原形为：sketch。
第二步：查词典明确目标词的意思，看是否有选项在其同义词列表中。
sketch：概述，简述。
选项C：outlined的原形：outline在其同义词列表中，故选项C为正确答案。
其中，选项A：described的原形是describe：意思是"描述"；选项B：offered的原形是offer：意思是"提供"；选项C：outlined的原形outline：意思是"概述，略述"，意思与目标词相近；选项D：presented 的原形是present：意思是"呈现，提出"。
句意：这篇文章概述了这十年发生的大事。
所以选C。
3. A【解析】第一步：直接浏览题干，明确目标词。
本题目标词：tolerate。
第二步：查词典明确目标词的意思，看是否有选项在其同义词列表中。
tolerate：包容，容忍，选项A在其同义词列表中，故为正确答案。
其中选项A：忍受，容忍，其意思与目标词相同；选项B：receive意思是"收到"；选项C：admit意思是"承认"；选项D：take意思是"拿"。
2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, manysmall languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。
一、判断题：（每题2分，共20分）正确划A,错误划B1、物流系统分析的特点是运用定性和定量分析方法，给予决策者以价值判断，以求得有利决策。
（A ）2、系统工程即使一个技术过程，又是个管理过程，它的研究对象是大型复杂的人工系统和复合系统。
（A ）3、物流系统的目标是整个物流系统的成本最低，物流系统的目标是一成不变的。
（B ）4、系统建模的步骤不包括了解建模的背景和相关知识。
（B ）5、物流系统分析在整体系统建立中处于非常重要的地位，它起到承上启下的作用。
（A ）6、一次指数平滑法只适合于具有水平发展趋势的时间数列分析，而且只能作近期预测。
（B ）7、模型按形式分可分为物理模型、数学模型和概念模型。
（A ） 8、系统评价指标体系是评价系统的关键要素，它是由若干个单项评价指标组成。
（A ）9、物流预测的目的是要得出物流市场未来的发展变化趋势，从而为企业制定发展战略提供依据。
（A ）10、物流中心与配送中心的功能相似，但配送中心的辐射范围大，处理的对象为大批量、批次少、品种少的商品。
（A ） 二、单选题：每题只有一个正确答案1、物流系统中存在的制约关系也称为 B 。
A ．一律背反原理B ．二律背反原理C ．三律背反原理D ．相关原理 2、用 C 观点来研究物流活动是现代物流科学的核心问题。
A ．静态 B ．动态 C ．系统 D ．全面3、对于物流系统的含义，下列 A 是不正确的。
A ．构成物流系统的各要素达到最优，即可使整个物流系统达到最优B ．物流系统由运输、仓储、包装、装卸搬运、配送、流通加工、物流信息等环节组成C ．物流系统整体优化的目的就是要使输入的最少，输出的物流服务效果最佳D ．物流系统存在一定的目标4、物流系统要素包括一般要素、支撑要素、物质基础要素以及 C 。
A ．配送功能要素B ．劳动者要素C ．功能要素 D ．物流设施要素5、一般来说，以下4对物流活动中不存在效益背反的是 C 。
同济大学课程考核试卷（A卷）2006 —2007 学年第二学期命题教师签名：审核教师签名：课号：031126 课名：钢结构基本原理考试考查：考试此卷选为：期中考试( )、期终考试(√)、重考( )试卷年级专业学号姓名（1）本课程为开卷考试，学生允许将自己的教材、笔记以及作业本带入考场，其他参考书籍、资料不得带入。
（2）考卷装订成册，学生不得自行拆开，草稿可打在考卷反面。
一、简答题(30分)（3分）对一批结构钢材抽样检查，3个试件得到的屈服点分别为345MPa，380MPa, 1、390MPa，问这批钢材的实际屈服点应定为何值？在国家标准牌号中属于哪一等级的钢材？答： 345MPa [2分] / 属于Q345等级钢材。
[1分]2、（3分）地震荷载是一种反复作用的荷载，但钢结构受地震作用时的强度计算不采用疲劳应力幅公式的计算公式，简述其原因？答：主要是循环次数不同，地震荷载是循环次数较少的反复作用。
[3分]3、（3分）简述残余应力降低轴压构件刚度的原因。
答：残余应力的合力是自平衡的，故截面上一定有残余压应力。
残余压应力和外荷载引起的压应力叠加，将在名义应力（外荷载引起的应力）小于屈服点时达到屈服，从而使得构件提前进入非弹性变形。
[3分] 4、（3分）受弯、拉弯、压弯条件下的构件强度设计通常采用弹塑性准则。
请问：（a）何为弹塑性准则？（b）采用弹塑性准则有何意义？（c）何种受力状况下不宜采用该准则？答：（a）考虑在弯矩作用下的弯曲应力在构件的翼缘和腹板内有适度（有限）的塑性发展。
〔1分〕（b）尽可能充分利用材料强度，发挥其承载能力，节约钢材。
〔1分〕（c）一般在动力荷载、疲劳荷载状况下、受压翼缘宽厚比较大时，不宜采用弹塑性强度准则。
〔1分〕5、（3分）有人评说：“当轴心压力小、构件长度大的情况下，采用格构柱具有价值”。
请问（a）你是否同意此观点，（b）并说明理由。
答：（a）同意。
〔1分〕（b）因为轴心压力小时，依据强度要求只需要较小的截面积；当构件较长时，容易失稳，需要较大的截面回转半径，所以采用较小截面规格的型材肢件，拉开一段距离的截面布置，可达到较大的回转半径，从而使构件同时满足强度和整体稳定的要求。
〔2分〕6、（2分）工字型截面主梁在集中荷载（例如由次梁传来、由支座反力引起等）处应验算局部承压强度。
如果局部承压强度不满足，有人说：“可采取（a）增加主梁翼缘板厚度，（b）增加主梁翼缘宽度，（c）增加主梁腹板厚度，（d）增加主梁腹板高度，（e）主梁设置支承加劲肋，（f）增加集中荷载与主梁的接触长度等措施”。
你认为哪些是既有实效又经济合理的措施？答：（e）和（f）都是有效而又经济合理的措施，当梁的高度和跨度较小时，（c）也可能较经济。
〔共2分，答对2点即可〕7、（3分）剪力中心是指构件的横向荷载通过此中心位置时只会产生弯曲而不会引起扭转。
请用圆点“S”在以下三个截面形式的构件图中定性地标出它们的剪力中心位置。
答：如下图所示。
〔各1分〕8、（4分）防止钢构件局部稳定的设计准则通常有等稳定准则、强度准则和实际应力小于局部稳定临界应力准则等三种情况。
工字型截面梁的受压翼缘局部稳定的宽厚比控制要求为b/t ≤ 15(235/fy)。
请问（a）该宽厚比控制采用了什么设计准则？（b）该准则的含义是什么？（c）有人评说：“实际工程中的梁如果受压翼缘不满足该宽厚比要求，则必然会发生局部失稳”，你是否赞同该观点？并说明理由。
答：（a ）采用了强度准则。
〔1分〕（b ）要求板件的屈曲临界应力不小于（或大于等于）板材的屈服强度。
〔1分〕（c ）不赞同该观点，因为该设计准则较保守，控制板件的局部失稳不先于强度破坏的发生。
板件是否失稳，关键是板件中的实际所受的应力是否大于板件的屈曲临界应力。
尽管没有满足上面的宽厚比要求，但是如果实际应力小于板件的屈曲临界应力，板件不会局部失稳。
〔2分〕9、（3分）两块钢板采用对接焊缝连接，有时要采用坡口，有时又可不采用坡口，设计时根据什么条件来确定要不要采用坡口？为什么？答：薄板不采用坡口，厚板应采用坡口。
[2分] / 前者不必采用坡口也能焊透，可以省去坡口加工；后者如不采用坡口，将耗费焊材、工时，且厚度较大的焊缝容易引起残余应力和焊接变形。
[1分]10、（3分）假如钢板的净截面破坏不发生，高强度螺栓摩擦型连接的破坏准则是什么？为什么采用这样的判断准则？答：外力（剪力）大于连接面（接触面）的抗滑移承载力（静摩擦力），导致滑移发生。
[2分] / 一旦滑移发生，结构（连接）引起瞬间变形抑或振动。
[1分]二、计算题(70分)1、（15分）图示轴心受压焊接圆形钢管柱φ450×12，A=165.04cm 2,i=15.49cm,材质为Q345，钢材设计强度f=310N/mm 2，压力设计值P=2500kN 。
(1)验算其整体稳定。
（12分）(2)支座连杆AB 设计时应取压力多大？（3分）参考答案：（1）计算长度 l=1200cm120077.515.4977.593.9l i λ===== （4分）该柱为b 类截面，查表得：0.594ϕ= （4分）kN kN f A N Z 250030391000/10031004.165594.0][>=⨯⨯⨯=⨯⨯=ϕ整体稳定满足。
（4分）（2）165.0431010072.985AB N kN ⨯⨯=== （3分）2、（20分）图示简支梁截面为HM500x150x10x16，不计自重，固定集中外力P=300kN （设计值），材质为Q235B ，f=215N/mm 2，f v =125N/mm 2，（假定剪力由腹板均匀承受），按边缘屈服准则进行计算。
截面几何参数：294.8A cm =，246.8w A cm =，31467x W cm =，436663x I cm = (1)验算其强度。
（15分）(2)若此梁仅跨中有一侧向支承点，问是否满足整体稳定要求。
（5分）参考答案：（1）(a) 内力计算 （3分）m a x m a x 3001300.300M kN m kN m V kN=⨯==（b ）最大正应力（3分）622max630010204.5/215/1.46710x M N mm f N mm W σ⨯===<=⨯ 满足（c ）最大剪应力（3分）322max3001064.1/125/4680v w V N mm f N mm A τ⨯===<= 满足（d ）有加劲肋，不验算局部承压。
（1分） （e ）复杂应力（5分）21max 234191.4/250N mm σσ=⨯=2164.1/N mm τ=22/ 1.1215 1.1236.5/N mm f N mm <=⨯221.3＝强度满足。
（2）11/ 2.5m/0.15m 16.716l b ==> 不满足整体稳定要求。
(5分)3、（15分）如图热轧普通工字钢压弯构件长6m ，两端铰接，两端及跨度中点各设有一侧向支承点，截面为I36a 。
承受轴心压力kN 350=N （设计值），构件A 端弯矩m kN 100⋅=x M （设计值）。
钢材为Q235，材料强度设计值为2N/mm 215，试验算构件的稳定性（包括整体稳定和局部稳定）。
受弯构件整体稳定系数2354400007.12yb yf ∙-=λϕ，塑性发展系数 1.05x γ=。
/2Mx MxN参考答案：（1） 构件几何参数 （共3分）244.76cm A =，36.877cm Wx =，cm i x 38.12=，cm i y 69.2= （1分）5.4838.12600===x ox x i l λ （1分） 5.11169.2300===yoy y i l λ （1分） （2）平面内整体稳定 （共5分）由5.48=x λ，查表得 920.0=x ϕ（a 类截面） （1分） 弯矩作用平面内的等效弯矩系数65.0035.065.035.065.0112=⨯+=+=M M M mx β（1分）欧拉临界力设计值：kN EA Nx EX6006105.481.110044.76102061.1323222'=⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯==-πλπ （1分） 0583.06006350'==EX N N 223623'/215/8.123)0583.08.01(106.87705.11010065.01044.76920.010350)8.01(mm N f mm N N N W M AN EXx x xmx x =<=⨯-⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=-+γβϕ（2分）（3）平面外整体稳定 （共6分）由5.111=y λ， 查表得 484.0=y ϕ（b 类截面）（1分）787.01440005.11107.12354400007.122yb =⨯-=∙-=yf λϕ（1分）弯矩作用平面外的等效弯矩系数（取AB 段）825.02135.065.035.065.012=⨯+=+=M M tx β（1分） 223623/215/1.214106.877787.010100825.00.11044.76484.010350m m N f m m N W M A N x b x tx y =<=⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=+ϕβηϕ （3分）（4）局部稳定 （共1分）构件为热轧普通工字钢截面，局部稳定满足要求。
4、（20分）图为一梁柱刚性连接节点，钢材为Q235，梁翼缘与柱为焊透的对接焊（二级焊缝，E43焊条，无引弧板），腹板通过8.8级摩擦型高强度螺栓M22进行连接。
连接处弯矩和剪力的设计值分别为110kNm 和210kN ，钢材强度设计值f d =215MPa ，f vd =125MPa ；螺栓预拉力P=150kN ，摩擦面经喷砂处理，抗滑移系数μ=0.45。
试校核翼缘焊缝和腹板螺栓的连接是否满足强度要求。
（剪力由腹板承担，弯矩按翼缘和腹板的惯性矩分配）参考答案：（1）力的分配计算： 梁截面惯性矩4433cm 10041.32.39211214222121I ⨯=⨯⨯-⨯⨯=（1分） 梁腹板惯性矩433w cm 10020.52.391121I ⨯=⨯⨯=（1分） 梁腹板处连接承担弯矩16kNm .1811010041.310020.5M 43w=⨯⨯⨯= （1分） 梁翼缘处连接承担弯矩84kNm .9116.18110M f =-= （1分） 剪力全部由腹板处连接承担 （2）验算翼缘处连接强度二级焊缝215MPa f f f d w c w t === （1分） 焊缝受力2kN .2261.44210084.91h M N f =-⨯==（2分） 焊缝应力215MPa 15MPa .8414)142220(102.226t l N 3w <=⨯⨯-⨯==σ （4分） 满足强度要求（3）验算腹板处连接强度一个高强螺栓抗剪承载力kN 5.21115045.029.0P 9n .0N f bv =⨯⨯⨯==μ （2分）由剪力引起的一个高强螺栓的剪力kN 703210N 1==（2分） 由弯矩引起的一个高强螺栓的剪力kN 67.570.1220.1218.16N 22=⨯⨯= （2分）一个高强螺栓受到的剪力kN 5.121kN 08.10367.7570N N N 222221<=+=+= （3分） 满足强度要求。
