主谓一致(高考复习完整版)
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(完整版)主谓一致详解超详细1、形式一致主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式2、语意一致谓语动词用单数的清况1)当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,把这些复数名词看作一个整体。
谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test.Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名,谓语动词用单数以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。
当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。
这类单词有:economics经济学electronics电子学physics物理学politics政治学mathematics数学statistics统计学Roots was a novel about a slave family.His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend.Politics is his favorite subject.Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce.Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn.3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如:machinery(机械),clothing(衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
(1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致1.And(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every,each……and……each,no……and……no, many a……and……many a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.(5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数What he says and does do not agree.(言行不一致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
一、专题引入(4 mins)在正式上课之前,我们先来句子纠错,看看你是否细心,是否还记得我们之前学过的知识。
1. Both boys has their own hobbies.2. The class is busy writing English passages.3. Neither you nor I are wrong.每个句子都有一个错误,错误点在于句子谓语动词的使用上,你能找出来吗?(校对答案:1. has- have 2. is – are 3. are – am 并请同学说明原因,考查这位同学是否掌握到位) 二、专题知识梳理(20 mins)知识点1:主谓一致三大考点知识点2:语法一致主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式,即主语是单数,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。
例句:Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。
Both girl are interested in listening to music. 两个女孩都对听音乐感兴趣。
1-5 A A B D D6-10 C C A C A【分析】同学需要特别注意的是语法一致,意义一致和就近原则知识点表格上的内容,需要熟记并运用。
五、学法提炼(2 mins)1、专题特点:主谓一致专题的知识点理解较易,但难点在于熟记表格中的每种情况,并能够熟练运用到做题当中去。
2、解题方法:分类熟记知识点表格。
3、分析事项:在考试中,主谓一致中的三个考点是混合出现的,同学必须熟练掌握三个考点各自的内容,以及熟记。
建议课后对知识点条目进行背诵。
一、专题引入(1 mins)上面我们复习了非谓语动词中语法一致的内容,接下来我们继续复习意义一致和就近原则的知识。
二、专题知识梳理(15 mins)知识点1:意义一致情况例句1. 有些集体名词既可以表示单数,又可以表示复数,这类集体名词作主语时,如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作为若干个体来理解,则谓语动词用复数形式这些词有:family, class, crowd, team, group等【注意】people,police等名词一般做复数用1. Class 4 is on the third floor.2. Class 4 are studying in the classroom.3. The police are looking for the lost child.2. 主语是书名,片名,格言,剧名,报名,国名等的复数形式,谓语动词一般ongoing单数形式1. Gone with the wind is an interesting book.3. 表示“时间,重量,长度,价格”等的名词的复数做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式1. Thirty minutes is enough for the work.4. 一些学科名词以-ics 结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics等,都属于形式上是复数名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式1. Some teachers says that physics is difficult for students to study.5. “the+形容词”表类别、一类人或物,当它表示一类人 1. The rich are not always happy.1-5 A C D B D6-10 C C A C A【分析】同学需要特别注意的是语法一致,意义一致和就近原则知识点表格上的内容,需要熟记并运用。
高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中,谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如,你、我、他是学生,中文“是”字是一样的,只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变:I am,you are,he is。
主谓一致有三大原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近一致。
(一)语法一致名词是单数,谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等,谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住:绝大多数都用单数,只有明确的复数名词,谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜,只能是复数,如果前面加上“一双”“一条”,后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数,一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然,all才是真正的主语,所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里,She才是真正的主语,所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义:主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能:确保句子语法正确,意义清晰。
●主谓关系:主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系,这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“either...or...”结构中,根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时,需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时,需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时,需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时,谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题:提供一些练习题,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析:对练习题进行详细的答案解析,帮助学生理解自己的错误,并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结,强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性,并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
主谓一致概说:主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数的一致,主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。
主谓一致原则考点一、考查主语和谓语形式或意义上的一致(一)当主语是单数可数名词、不可数名词、(疑问词+)to do 结构、动词-ing 形式、主语从句、复合不定代词、表单位数量的时间、距离、金钱、重量、复数形式的学科名词(physics ,politics )国家或组织名称(The United States ,the united Nations )等,谓语动词常用复数。
提示:what 引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用\单数形式。
(如:what we need are good doctors. 我们需要的是好医生。
)如果强调数目谓语动词用复数。
如: More than twenty years have passed since we graduated.我们毕业后已经过了二十多年。
例 1 all the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.A. Show; areB.shows; areC.show; isD. shows; is解析:D 。
evidence 与use 在句中均为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
例2 Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A.keepsB. keepC. have keptD. had kept 原 则概 念 例 句 语法一致原则 主语是单数单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式 (1)Steve Ember is a good player.(2)Children like toys意义一致原则 主语形式上位单数,但表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式(1) My family are having lunch now.(2)News is travel ling fast nowadays 就近一致原则 谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 (1 )There is a knife and two forks on the desk.(2) Either you or he is to go解析:A. Walmart属于专有名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
二.名词和主谓一致1.名词的数(1).常见的不可数名词:advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck rmation.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth. sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词(2).有些名词通常只用作复数。
如:glasses.clothes.trousers(裤子).ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit(以很高的热情).It is good manners to do sth.(做某事有礼貌)(3).有些名词既可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意义不同。
Workun.工作cn.作品,著作roomun.空间cn.房间Experience un.经验cn.经历paperun.纸cn.论文、试卷、文件(4).名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词的有:each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both, (a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等只能修饰不可数名词的有:(a)little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有:some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。
2.名词的单复数(1).绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
(完整版)高考英语专题复习主谓一致(附答案).doc高考英语专题复习主谓一致(附答案)I.考点分析一、概述主谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、性、数等方面的一致关系。
处理主谓一致一般应遵循以下三条原则:1.语法一致,即在语法形式上取得一致。
例如,主语为单数形式,谓语动词也为单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
a. The number of errors was surprising.b. Julia and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike.2.意义一致,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。
a. The crowd were fighting for their lives. (单形名词主语要求复数谓语动词,下划线部分表示一个整体中的成员 )b. Five minutes is enough. ( 复数名词单数谓语动词,下划线部分表示一个数目)3.邻近原则,即指谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。
a. A man of abilities are needed(.动词 are 不与主语 a man一致,而与其邻近的复形名词a bilities 形式上一致。
二、主谓一致注意要点:1.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词时,往往可根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词采取单数形式。
a. The dollars is not enough.b. Three months passes in no time at all on the ranch.如果明显地指一个个个体,则要根据语法一致地原则,谓语动词用复数形式。
a. There are two sliver dollars in each of the stockings.2.如果名词词组中心词是all, most, half, the last, the rest, the remainder等词组时,其主谓关系一般遵循意义一致的原则:如所指为复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;如所指为单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。
主谓一致之吉白夕凡创作(**)主谓一致的概念。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即(主语的人称和单复数形式)决定着(谓语动词对应的形式)。
(一)主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1. <and连接>两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况:(1) 如果指两个或两个以上分歧的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
He and she _____both students of this school. (2)如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.The knife and fork ____on the table.2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
When he is coming seems very important.Collecting stamps is his hobby.To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
.3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时,要与<先行词>的人称和数坚持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom, who is your friend, should help you.如果句子中有这些连接词(with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including)和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变更而变更。
The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.二、[意义一致原则]指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。
主谓一致(高考复习完整版)-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN主谓一致一、概述:主谓一致的三个基本原则是:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
“语法一致”是指形式上的一致。
即:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
“意义一致”是指有些主语形式上虽为单数,而意义上是复数,谓语动词用复数;同样有些主语形式上虽为复数,而意义上是单数,谓语动词用单数。
“就近原则”是指谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。
二、主谓一致的几种情况:(一)并列结构作主语的情况:1、and连接并列成分作主语的情况:⑴由and或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
如:He and I are teachers. Both he and I are teachers.⑵and连接的两部分表示同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数。
常见结构有:a cart and house(一驾马车),a cup and saucer(一套杯碟),a needle and thread(针线),a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure, my house and home(我的家),cause and effect(因果),supply and demand(供求关系),pen and ink(笔墨),whisky and soda(威士忌和苏打,指一种酒),war and peace(战争与和平),a knife and fork(刀叉),fish and potato chips(鱼和炸土豆条),the bread and butter(面包与黄油),early to bed and early to rise(早睡早起)。
如:A knife and fork is on the table.⑶由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代词)时,谓语动词用单数。
如:The teacher and the doctor are Chinese. The teacher and doctor is a Chinese.这位教师兼医生是中国人。
⑷and前后均有each,every,no,many a…等修饰可数名词单数,构成并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
其中后一个限定词可以省略。
如:No sound and (no) voice is heard. Each man and (each) woman is here.Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.⑸由“and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如:Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.⑹“不可数名词+and连接的后置并列修饰语”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than that from Britain.⑺由and连接的第二个名词(短语)表示否定或带有状语时,谓语动词与第一个名词保持一致。
如:The parents and not the son were missing. The teacher,and perhaps his students too,is likely to be present.⑻what从句的并列式作主语时,并列完整式用复数;并列缩略式用单数。
如:What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair.注意这两句根据的是意义一致的原则:What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。
⑼由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式或动名词作主语时,根据主语表达的意义,确定谓语动词单复数形式(即意义一致原则)。
如:Where and when to build the house is not decided. When to have the meeting and who to hold the meeting are not decided yet. What caused the fire and how much the loss was are still unknown.2、“就近原则”:由并列连词or,nor, not only…but also…,not…but…,either…or…,neither…nor…,whether…or…等连接并列成分作主语,以及在there/here be句型中有并列成分作主语时,谓语动词应根据“就近原则”(在疑问句或倒装句中也应该根据“就近原则”确定谓语动词的单复数)。
如:Not only he but also I am a teacher. Not only I but also he is a teacher. Is not only he but also I a teacher? One or two friends are coming this evening.3、“就前原则”:当主语后面接with,together/along with(跟……一起),as well as(以及),as much as(与……一样多),such…as…, such as, besides/except/but (除外),in addition to(除外),including(包括),like(如),rather than (而不是),without(没有),no less than(不少于),more than(多于),combined with(加上……),accompanied by(由……陪同),no less than等构成的短语修饰时,谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致(即“就前原则”)。
如:I as well as they am ready to help you. Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. They except Jim are Chinese.(二)单一成分作主语的情况(一般情况下主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的单复数形式)。
1、名词作主语的情况:⑴形复义单的名词。
这类名词有news,means(方法),works(工厂),plastics(塑料),politics(政治),mathematics(数学),economics (经济学),mechanics(力学),athletics(运动),electronics(电学),classics(古典文学),linguistics(语言学),statistics(统计学)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数;但当这类学科名词表示“具体的活动,学业,见解,原理,情况”等时,谓语动词用复数。
如:Politics is my weak subject. What are his politics他的政见如何⑵形复义复的名词。
这类名词有glasses,trousers/plants(裤子),shoes,socks,gloves,scissors,clothes,savings(储蓄金),belongings(财产),goods(货物),chopsticks,compasses(圆规)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但当这些名词前带上了单位词pair,kind,type,sort,suit,series等时,谓语动词的数应与单位词保持一致。
如:His trousers are new. This pair of trousers is new.⑶集合名词作主语。
①有些集合名词作主语,谓语动词常常用复数。
这类名词有people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牲口),oxen(牛), folk(人们),youth(青年人),militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),the Greens(格林一家)等。
但注意如果以上一些名词的意义发生变化时,其谓语动词不一定用复数形式。
如:Poultry are used as food.(家禽常常用来当作食品) Poultry is a kind of meat.(禽肉是一种肉)②某些集合名词作主语,如果当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如果强调其中的各个个体或成员,谓语动词用复数。
这类名词有family,class,group(小组),grade,team,army(军队),club(俱乐部),audience(听众),crew(全体人员),committee(委员会),company(公司),government(政府),union(联合会),enemy(敌人),majority(多数),population,staff (员工),public(公众),crowd(人群),party(政党),couple(夫妇),band(伙、团、队),cabinet(内阁),nation(国民)等。
如:His family is poor. His family are all watching TV.⑷单复数同形的名词作主语。
根据上下文及具体意思决定谓语动词的单复数形式(如果这些名词前有a,such a,this,that修饰时,谓语动词用单数;如有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
)如sheep,deer,fish (鱼),means(方法),works(工厂),species(种类),series(系列),swine(猪),aircraft(飞机、飞艇),bellows(风箱),crossroads(十字路口),headquarters(司令部、总部),Swiss(瑞士人),Chinese,Japanese 等。
如:A sheep is(Several sheep are)over there.⑸专有名词(如书刊名、报纸、国名、山脉、海峡等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:The United Nations was founded in 1945.⑹名词所有格表示“商店、工厂或住宅”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。