定语从句 that which who的区别

5、关系代词that和which的区别

（1)相同点

这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。

The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语)

The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)

（2）用that，不用which的情况

①当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。

all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代词时（something之后也可用which）。

To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。

Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?

He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。

②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

③当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。

That’s the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。

Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。

④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。

They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。

They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来，聊了约半个钟头。

⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。

⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。

Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的?

⑦当先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。

I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。

（3）用which，不用that的情况

①引导非限制性定语从句。

Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。

Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy.

桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。

②直接放在介词后作宾语时。

Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。

巧记that和which的区别：

that，which可互换，下列请况勿照办；that情况比较多，不妨对你说一说；不定代词这路货，全用that准没错；先行词前被限制，千万不要用which；

要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。

6、关系代词who与that的区别

（1）当先行词是he、people、those等时，引导词常用who。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。

Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人请举手。

I'll never forget the people who have helped me. 我将永远不会忘记那些帮助过我的人。

（2）当引导词作定语从句的表语时常用that。

She isn't the little girl that she used to be. 她再也不是过去的那个小姑娘了。

He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.他就是我昨天求助的人。

7、as的用法

（1）as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。

I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。(作宾语)

Many of the sports were the same as they are now.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。(作表语)

Don’t read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.不要读那些不值得读的书，只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了。

He lent me as much money as he had.她把所有的钱借给了我。

Repeat this as often as is necessary.根据需要反复这样做。(作主语)

（2）such…that…与such…as

“such…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such…as…”表“像……这样的……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等。

He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他。

He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的这种诚实的人。

（3）the same…that…与the same as

“the same…that…”表同一人或物，而“the same…as…”表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：

This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失那本书。（指同一本书）

This is the same book as I lost.这本书跟我丢失那本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）

（4）as 引导非限制性定语从句

as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。

The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.众所周知，月球一月绕地球一周。

8、but 的用法

but既可指人，又可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but 本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that/which/who…not”。它前面的主句必须有“否定”的词(如no, not, little, few, hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，通过双重否定达到强烈肯定的效果。

There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who doesn’t love her children.)没有不爱自己子女的母亲。

There were few people but were hurt.(= There were few people who/that were not hurt.)几乎没有人不受伤。

9、than的用法

than既可指人，又可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句，than前通常有比较级的词。

Don’t give children more money than is needed.给孩子们的钱不要超过所需。

He has got more than he asked for.他所得到的比他所要求的还要多。

Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。

四、关系副词 英语中的关系副词有where，when，why等。

1、when的用法

when指时间，修饰表时间的先行词，在定语从何中作时间状语。

July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。

He came last night when I was out. 他昨晚来时，我出去了。

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of

yours?你还记得十年前的一个下午，我到你家借项链的事吗?

2、where的用法

where指地点，修饰表地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。

After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到他童年时生活的小城镇。