Research on the Application of Digital Media Techn

— 21

—

International Journal of Technology Management

1 IntroductionFolk Art Plastic Arts inherit the national culture of the visual

image, which embodies the strong local fl avor and life of human

labor in the most pristine art thinking, and with a real, positive

emotions. Animation as a young form of artistic expression,

and promote the heritage and development of folk art. Folk

art is an important national art content, contains the value and

beauty of Meaning, it is a source with the development of human

civilization spread far, of course, with advances in technology in

constant change and innovation, different ethnic Times has its own

unique folk art, China is no exception. Folk Art left a rich artistic

property, to posterity a rich theme in the animation design and

learn resources. Various products on behalf of Chinese art all have

Research and Application of Construction Project Cost Control in Engineering Bidding Stage

Lingtao BIAN

Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing, China

ABSTRACT: In order to strengthen cost control in construction project bidding stag, this paper

takes the price control in bidding stage as the main line, dedicated to determine the key point in the

stage of cost control, and establishes the more objective and reasonable evaluation in view of the

comprehensive. This paper not only improved the tendering and bidding stage method of cost control

in construction project in our country, and improves the method system of engineering cost control.

KEYWORD: Project bidding; Cost control; Evaluation model; Project cost

1 INSTRUCTIONS

With the development of the construction under market economy condition, the effect of project

482018年43期总第431期职业教育研究ENGLISH ON CAMPUSThe Application and Research of Bloom’s Taxonomy Learning Differentiation in English Teaching of Higher Vocational College文/袁小利【Abstract】Differentiated instruction is an important strategy used by educators to meet the special needs of students, especially for modern higher vocational college students with diverse English abilities, learning styles and academic challenges.【Key words】Differentiated instruction; Higher Vocational College【作者简介】袁小利，重庆工程职业技术学院。 I. The concept of differentiationDifferentiation is a process used to maximize student learning by improving the match between individual needs and the curriculum. Differentiation means that educators adapt the range of strategies to ensure that students’ needs are met with a way of tailoring teaching environments and practices to create different learning experiences based on diverse learning needs, different abilities and academic achievements in the same class.II. The background Bloom’s Taxonomy is used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity. It covers three types of learning, which are in cognitive domain, psychomotor domain and affective domain. The cognitive domain list has been the primary focus of the most traditional education and is frequently used to structure curriculum learning objectives, assessments and activities. The cognitive domain includes 6 levels, which are Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis (create/build), and Evaluation. III. How to formulate questions to enable differentiation in English teachingOur English teaching is like the ESOL classes in British. ESOL means English for Speakers of Other Languages. It contains 6 levels: Pre-Entry, Entry Level1, Entry Level2, Entry Level3, Level1 and Level2. The teacher who teaches different level will adopt different ways to teach students, like the Bloom’s Taxonomy. In Entry Level1class, teacher will pick Knowledge, very basic knowledge, (table 1) and ask them to remember and make simple sentences; In Entry Level2 and Entry Level3, teacher will pick Comprehension (table2) and Application, such as short conversations, grammar exercises, and ask them to understand them and try to catch the general ideas; In Level1 and Level2 teacher will pick Analysis and Synthesis, more difficult task, such as, more difficult grammar exercises, articles, which need students to analyse and think; Of course, the different level of Bloom’s Taxonomy is not separated. Sometimes the teacher may adopt some levels at the same time. (table1)KnowledgeUseful VerbsSample QuestionPotential activities and productstell list describe relate write find stateWhat happened after...? How many...? Who was it that...? Describe what hap-pened at...? Who spoke to...? Can you tell why...? Find the meaning of...?Make a list of the main events.. Make a timeline of events. Make a facts chart. Write a list of any pieces of information you can re-member. List all the ....in the story. Make a chart showing...(table 2)ComprehensionUseful VerbsSample QuestionPotential activities and productsexplain outline discuss distinguish translate compare describeCan you write in your own words...? Can you write a brief outline...? Who do you think...? What was the main idea...? Who was the key char-acter...? Can you distinguish between...?Illustrate what you think the main idea was. Write and perform a play based on the story. Retell the story in your words. Write a summary report of an event. Make a colouring book.IV. How to differentiate instruction in English teaching1. Vary the pace of instruction. Assess the learning speed of each studentsEach student gets different learning rate. Some may grasp the material immediately, and others may need 492018年43期总第431期职业教育研究ENGLISH ON CAMPUS英语阅读中功能语法语篇分析模式的应用探讨文/张先辉 郑爱燕【摘要】阅读是教学的重要部分，是一种获取信息的方式。在英语教学中，阅读教学对于培养学生的英语素养具有重要意义。阅读教学的效率与质量是英语教师关注的重点，如何提高学生的英语阅读能力成为教师研究的重要课题。在现阶段各种英语测试中，阅读理解能力试题所占比重较高，且所选文章的题材也多样化，语法语篇较为复杂，对学生的阅读能力提出了更高的要求。因此，培养学生的阅读能力具有重要的意义。文章主要针对英语阅读中功能语法语篇分析模式的应用价值展开分析，报道如下。【关键词】英语阅读；语法语篇；阅读能力【作者简介】张先辉，郑爱燕，山东中医药高等专科学校。部分教师的创新意识不足，采取单一的教学模式，仅仅通过翻译来了解文章大意，学生只是机械的回答教师的问题，没有重视学生的主体地位，缺乏对学生阅读策略的培养，导致学生思维能力受限，偏离了新课程标准对学生阅读能力的要求。通过对文章语法语篇的分析，能够让学生更好的了解文章的深层含义，对于文章整体内容的把握也就更加准确。因此，在英语阅读教学中合理运用功能语法语篇分析模式具有较好的应用效果，能够培养学生的阅读策略，从而提高学生的综合素质。一、功能语法语篇分析的内涵语言是一门复杂的学科，人们在说话时并不是将词句杂乱拼凑在一起，而是有着相当紧凑的关系。有的时候只有将两个或以上在语义、语法相互联系的句子放在一起时，才能体现语言的连贯性，从而形成语篇，发挥其语言功能。因此，语篇就是由一个以上的语段或句子组成，并且表现为形式上连接、语义上连贯。语篇是在一定语境中表达完整语义的语言，且不完全受语法的约束。语法语篇分析主要是利用科学的方式分析语篇中想要表达的意义，且通content repetition. In the class, when teacher gives students an assignment, if it is too difficult, some students may feel frustrated; if it is too easy, some may think it is without challenge. But the brain needs some degree of challenge to stay motivated, and new skills are better grasped when an assignment is not too easy or too difficult. So we need to break up the classroom into groups based on their learning speed.2. Increase the amount and depth of the workload for advanced studentsIn English class, teacher classifies students into different levels. Normally there are two ways to classify them in order to maximize the effective learning. First, divide the students into different groups. Group1 is level A, group2 is level B, group3 is level C, etc., then the advanced students mostly are in group A or B. Teacher can increase the amount and depth of the workload for those students. Because moving too slowly creates boredom and serves only as information review for advanced students. On the contrary, give slower learners easier tasks and allow them to take more time with assignments. Because frustration with a fast pace inhibits learning and leads to a lack of focus. Second, divide the students into groups at random. That means in one group, there may be some advanced and some slower. We can adopt the way that students help students first to make learning effectively. When releasing assignments to different groups. Group members can undertake different tasks. The advanced students undertake more and harder tasks, the slower learners undertake less and easier ones. They fulfill their tasks respectively, help learn each other mutually, and eventually make sure every member grasps the skill. 3. Appeal to students’ personal interestsHigh interest levels in a subject will accelerate the learning process and lead to greater information retention. When teaching English, for example, sometimes teacher just uses very simple words that connect students real life experiences, asking them to do the writing exercises that involve application of material to the students’ personal life, habits and hobbies. We also can use tools, such as multimedia, interactive instructional software, workbooks and so on or some funny words games and activities, to stimulate the students’ participation in the class learning.4. Assign homework and classroom activities based on abilityTeacher assists slower learners to complete the work by providing step-by-step instructions, placing fewer demands, allowing them to answer fewer questions and spend more time on their tasks. For average learners, teacher provides examples for them, and encourages them to engage in independent work. For advanced students, teacher assigns more challenging and complicated tasks, encourage them to study the content in greater depth.5. Reward students based on individualized progressStudents in different level should have different learning objectives. Teacher should record each student’s learning process, monitor the progress they have made during the whole semester, and give out a proper formative assessment for them. During the teaching, teacher should avoid highlighting the gifted students repeatedly, celebrate the degree of effort exerted by every student and the amount of progress.

龙源期刊网

A Research on the Development and

Application of Relevance Theory

作者：刘小毓

来源：《好日子（中旬）》2018年第01期

Abstract：Relevance theory is a cognitive pragmatic theory，proposed by Dan Sperber and

Deidre Wilson in their book Relevance：Communication and Cognition，which explores the

communication process.This essay mainly focuses on the concept and development of relevance

theory as well as the application.

Key words：relevance theory；context；application；translation；English teaching and

learning

1 Concept & Development of Relevance Theory

Relevance theory is a cognitive pragmatic theory，proposed by Dan Sperber and Deidre Wilson

in their book Relevance：Communication and Cognition，which explores the communication

process.In their work，they introduce their view on “communication” first.Traditionally，from