2011年南京航空航天大学考研真题357英语翻译基础

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. obliviousa) subtle b) obviousc) unaware d) unknown2. divergencea) connection b) differencec) depletion d) isolation3. incongruousa) inappropriate b) unusualc) suitable d) consistent4. resourcefula) thoughtful b) wittyc) excited d) delighted5. reproacha) movement nearer to a person or thingb) an act of thinking about something carefullyc) a feeling of great sadnessd) an act of blaming somebody6. consolidatea) strengthen b) take care ofc) encourage d) support7. masculinitya) heroism b) a process of an actionc) manliness d) frustration8. pejorativea) full of praise b) existing widelyc) humorous d) expressing disapproval9. coveta) want b) protectc) hide d) consider10. shrug offa) destroy b) laugh atc) dismiss d) removeB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Peter was conspicuous for his queer jeans.2. The King’s English should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.3. Alice is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner.4. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city.5. Rebellion was not confined to the United States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of theaftermath of the first serious war in a century.6. She laughed at my clumsy compliment and said I had better take to writing fashion articles instead ofpolitical leaders.7. This ideal “parcel” service is also a plus for the shipowners not to be dependent on only one customer.8. The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of the new dictionary is a curiousphenomenon.9. “I got a curious nature, ma’am. How’d you figure where your husband was?”10. On the day of the bombing I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives, and I thoughtsomehow I had been spared.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)Earlier today, my colleague Derek Thompson argued that; it’s misleading to think of marriage 1 a “luxury good”. Why? Because luxury goods are something the 2 buy and the poor can’t afford. But in the case of 3 the trend is more complex. The vast majority of Americans tie the knot at some point in their lives, he argues. It’s just that those 4 a college education are far, far more likely to get divorced. Marriage is for everyone; failed marriages are 5 the poor.Bleak stuff. But it’s getting bleaker.Derek’s post is based 6 a long-term study of young Baby Boomers, who were at least 46 7 old by 2010. But among younger Americans, marriage really is looking more and more 8 something you’d have to buy at Tiffany's. According to 2012 Census Bureau report, 9 shows the percentage of men who have never married by age and income, the less a guy earns nowadays, the 10 likely they are to have ever gotten married.Well, that’s not l00 percent true. Among twenty-somethings there seems to be a rich bachelor 11 going on (or an overworked young professional effect, if you prefer). Those making $75,000 or more are somewhat less likely to have been married than 12 making between $40,000 and $75,000.This particular set of Census data unfortunately tells us much less about 13 and marriage. The problem: Stay-at-home moms.The key to remember, though, is that many educated, high-earning women, the sorts who are likely to meet and 14 educated and high-earning men, leave the workforce or go part time once they have children. So apublicist who once made over $70,000 a year might 15 earn $20,000 if she decided 16 work fewer hours while 17 for her children at home.Here’s why this trend--not just the move towards divorce like Derek talked about, 18 the move from marriage entirely -- is so gloomy. Getting married, and staying married, is 19 of the surest ways of securing a middle class life. By choosing 20 to wed in the first place, the poor are abandoning that chance at stability.B. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)lean to sound spread by down cry lap presence one before pagoda attack into assassinate sorrowput gloom turn forgivenessNEW DELHI, JANUARY 30, 1948 -- Mohandas K. Gandhi was 1 today by a Hindu extremist whose act plunged India into 2 and fear.Rioting broke out immediately in Bombay.The seventy-eight-year-old leader whose people had christened him the Great Soul of India died at 3:45 P.M. (1:15 A M. EST) with his head cradled in the 3 of his sixteen-year-old granddaughter, Mani.Just half an hour before, a Hindu fanatic, Ram Naturam, had pumped three bullets from a revolver 4 Gandhi’s frail body, emaciated by years of fasting and asceticism.Gandhi was shot in the luxurious gardens of Birla House in the 5 of one thousand of his followers, whom he was leading to the little summer pagoda where it was his habit 6 make his evening devotions.Dressed as always in his homespun, sacklike dhoti, and 7 heavily on a staff of stout wood, Gandhi was only a feet from the 8 when the shots were fired.Gandhi crumpled instantly, 9 his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of10 to his assassin.Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and 11 in the chest.The shots 12 like a string of firecrackers and it was a moment 13 Gandhi’s devotees realized what had happened. Then they 14 on the assassin savagely and would have torn him to bits had not police guards intervened with rifles and drawn bayonets.Over all India the word 15 like wildfire. Minutes after the flash was received in Bombay rioting broke out, with Hindu extremists 16 Moslems. A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a 17 : “God help us all!”In Delhi itself, in the quick-gathering 18 of the night, the news set the people on the march.They walked slowly 19 the avenues and out of the squalid bazaars, converging on Birla House. There 20 the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Exa mple: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theLike the life span, the metabolic rate has, for differentorganisms, a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass.In comparison to the life span, this relationship is “inverted”: thelarger the organism, the low its metabolic rate. Such relationship 1. __________is valid not only for birds, but also for other organisms.Animals which behave “frugal” with energy become 2. __________particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots andbirds of prey are often held chain up. Thus they are not able to 3. __________“experience life” and so they can attain a high life span incaptivities. Animals which save energy by hibernation live much 4. __________longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate ofa mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food. They 5. __________then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. Womenbecome distinctively older than men. If you examine the metabolic 6. __________rates of the two sexes, you establish that the higher male metabolicrate roughly accounts for the short male life span. That means that 7. __________they live life “energetically” --- more intensely, but not for as long.It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reservesshould tend to extend life. Extremely high performance sports 8. _________may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quitecertainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate,like does adequate sleep. Each of us can develop his or her own 9. __________“energy saving programme” with a little self-observation andself-control. Experience will show that live in this way not only 10. __________ increases the life span but also is very healthy.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1. As you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the mutedcloth market.2. I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had nothing to do with anything aNippon railways official might say.3. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.5. Carla fled away from her parents because she wanted to lead an authentic kind of life.6. New York was never a good convention city but it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.7. Wearing that Dior dress, she made everyone else in a room or street look cheap.8. Let us remember that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.9. Perhaps the child was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, andneglect.10. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. What kind of figure of speech is used in lines “Till all the seas gone dry, my dear,/ And the rocks melt with the sun,/ And I will love thee still, my dear.”A. oxymoronB. metonymyC. understatementD. hyperbole2. ____ is defined as “an author’s careful arrangement of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect.”A. settingB. toneC. plotD. exposition3. As a literary approach, ____ can be defined as a discourse that concerns itself particularly with literature written in English in formerly colonized countries.A. Marxist criticismB. Feminist criticismC. Postcolonial CriticismD. Psychoanalysis criticism4. Which one of the following plays is not regarded as the most important tragedies of William Shakespeare?A. Romeo and JulietB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth5. The publication of ___ symbolized the real beginning of British Romanticism.A. Lyrical BalladsB. Leaves of GrassC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Walden6. ___ won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature.A. Alice MunroB. Doris LessingC. Margaret AtwoodD. Kazuo Ishiguro7. All theories about the origin of language are hypothetical in nature. Which of the following is not a theory / hypothesis about the origin of language?A. Innateness hypothesis.B. The evolutionary theory.C. The divine-origin theory.D. The invention theory.8. Which of the following falls under the category of semantics?A．PS Rules B. IC AnalysisC. Componential AnalysisD. Error Analysis9. ___ is designed to discover mainly what the testee does not know about the language. A test of such kindcan help the teacher to find out what is wrong with the previous learning and what should be included in the future teaching work.A. Achievement testB. Proficiency testC. Diagnostic testD. Aptitude test10. Which of the following descriptions about the London School is INCORRECT?A. One of the chief representatives of London School is M.A.K. Halliday.B. It stresses the importance of context of situation aspect of language.C. It stresses the importance of the system aspect of language.D. It is best known for its contribution to phonology.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Endocentric construction2. Syntax3. Assimilation4. Functional sentence perspective5. Cohesion6. Stream of Consciousness7. Gothic fiction8. Critical Realism9. Protagonist10. Harlem RenaissanceVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AIn the first age, we created gods. We carved them out of wood; there was still such a thing as wood, then. We forged them from shining metals and painted them on temple walls. They were gods of many kinds, and goddesses as well. Sometimes they were cruel and drank our blood, but also they gave us rain and sunshine, favourable winds, good harvests, fertile animals, many children. A million birds flew over us then, a million fish swam in our seas.Our gods had horns on their heads, or moons, or sealy fins, or the beaks of eagles. We called them All-Knowing, we called them Shining One. We knew we were not orphans. We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins.In the second age we created money. This money was also made of shining metals. It had two faces: on one side was a severed head, that of a king or some other noteworthy person, on the other face was something else, something that would give us comfort: a bird, a fish, a fur-bearing animal. This was all that remained of our former gods. The money was small in size, and each of us would carry some of it with him every day, as close to the skin as possible. We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but asif by magic it could be changed into such things. The money was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. If you had enough of it, it was said, you would be able to fly.In the third age, money became a god. It was all-powerful, and out of control. It began to talk. It began to create on its own. It created feasts and famines, songs of joy, lamentations. It created greed and hunger, which were its two faces. Towers of glass rose at its name, were destroyed and rose again. It began to eat things. It ate whole forests, croplands and the lives of children. It ate armies, ships and cities. No one could stop it. To have it was a sign of grace.In the fourth age we created deserts. Our deserts were of several kinds, but they had one thing in common: nothing grew there. Some were made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth. We made these deserts from the desire for more money and from despair at the lack of it. Wars, plagues and famines visited us, but we did not stop in our industrious creation of deserts. At last all wells were poisoned, all rivers ran with filth, all seas were dead; there was no land left to grow food.Some of our wise men turned to the contemplation of deserts. A stone in the sand in the setting sun could be very beautiful, they said.You who have come here from some distant world, to this dry lakeshore and this cairn, and to this cylinder of brass, in which on the last day of all our recorded days I place our final words: Pray for us, who once, too, thought we could fly.1. According to the passage, money is “mysterious” because it ___.A. can speak to human beings.B. seems to be omnipotent.C. is a symbol of wealth.D. is a sign of grace.2. In the passage, “age” refers to ____.A. Different phases of civilization.B. The recorded year in human history.C. Different social systems in human history.D. The scale of intelligence of human beings in history.3. Which of the following statement about gods described in the passage is true?A. Gods always bless human beings.B. Gods are more often than not ferocious in the age of metals.C. Gods are created, carved out of wood or metals.D. Gods are symbols of huma n’s greed.4. Which of the following statements about “deserts” is NOT true?A. No life survives in the deserts.B. Deserts are nothing but a process of desertification.C. It is human being’s greed for money that leads to the prevalence of deserts.D. Deserts result in wars, plagues and famines, which causes more deserts.5. From this passage, we know that ____.A. Human beings will go extinct by themselves one day.B. Human beings are living in the fourth age.C. The earth will become more and more inhabitable since there will never be enough money.D. The author is pessimistic of the future of human beings.Passage BSafety is a concern of everyone who flies or contemplates it. I can provide you with volumes of information about the attention to safety given by the airline industry. No other form of transportation is as scrutinized, investigated and monitored as commercial aviation.Yet if you decide to hold onto the belief that flying is dangerous, then these reassuring safety facts are lost to you. Statistics and figures that prove airline transportation to be the safest way to travel relate to our logical, reasoning, rational mind. Most passengers who have knowledge of the commercial airline industry believe that flying is safe. But when someth ing occurs that we don’t understand, any of us can become quickly frightened. That’s why I encourage you to study as much as you need to reassure yourself about the industry and to take some of the mystery out of commercial flight.However, some small thing may occur on one of your flights that you haven’t studied. If you become startled or frightened at that time, the statistics that I am about to present may come in handy. An airline accident is so rare, when some unfamiliar noise or bump occurs, your response need not be, “Oh, no! What’s wrong?!” Instead, it can be something like, “I’m not sure what that sound was, but there’s nothing to worry about.” Feel free to press your overhead call button to page a flight attendant whenever you want to ask abou t unfamiliar sights or sounds. But you needn’t jump to fearful conclusions.Dr. Arnold Barnett, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has done extensive research in the field of commercial flight safety. He found that over the fifteen years between 1975 and 1994, the death risk per flight was one in seven million. This statistic is the probability that someone who randomly selected one of the airline’s flights over the 19-year study period would be killed in route. That means that any time you board a flight on a major carrier in this country, your chance of being in a fatal accident is one in seven million. It doesn’t matter whether you fly once every three years or every day of the year.In fact, based on this incredible safety record, if you did fly every day of your life, probability indicates that it would take you nineteen thousand years before you would succumb to a fatal accident.Perhaps you have occasionally taken the train for your travels, believing that it would be safer. Think again. Based on train accidents over the past twenty years, your chances of dying on a transcontinental train journey are one in a million. Those are great odds, mind you. But flying coast-to-coast is ten times safer than making the trip by train.How about driving, our typical form of transportation? There are approximately one hundred and thirty people killed daily in auto accidents. That’s every day -- yesterday, today and tomorrow. And that’s forty-seven thousand killed per year.6. According to the passage, which of the following statement about transportation safety is correct?A. The safety of the train is the most concerned one among people.B. The safety of commercial aviation is the most concerned one among people.C. The safety of driving is the most concerned one among people.D. The safety of different transportations is equally concerned among people.7. Dr. Arnold Barnett’s finding that “the death risk per flight was one in seven million” means ___.A. whether a person flies every three years or every day of the year, he will be safe.B. It is not likely for a person to be in danger during flight.C. The possibility of encountering deadly accident is extremely slim.D. One will die if he flies for seven million times.8. According to the author, for those who worry about the safety of flying, they should ___.A. study the flight industry and disclose the mysteries of it.B. be familiar with the statistics and figures as much as possible.C. not argue with others about the safety of the plane.D. not forget that trains and cars are no safer than flying.9. According to the passage, the author argues that ___.A. trains are not as safe as driving.B. driving is more dangerous so people tend to travel by train.C. taking the train to travel is more dangerous than flying so people tend to take flight.D. people still feel the threat of death even they know flying is rather safe.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. The Safest TransportationB. Safety MattersC. No Statistics, No SafetyD. Misunderstanding about FlyingPassage CN ew nature writing is a relatively new literary genre, but it’s become so popular that Barack Obama included one of these books, H is for Hawk, by Helen Macdonald, in his summer holiday reading list.What is this new genre? New nature writing combines memoir with the author’s experience with nature. The author has suffered a trauma, and they turn to the natural world for solace. In H is for Hawk, Helen Macdonald tells of the unexpected loss of her father in her late thirties. To distract herself from her grief, she attempts to tame a hawk. It’s not surprising that Obama would cho ose this book — he, too, lost hi Similarly, Amy Liptrot, in her book The Outrun, describes her return to the isle of Orkney, where she took long walks and rebuilt a stone wall as a way of recovering from alcohol addiction and the breakup of a relationship. These are but two of many recent examples.Writing about nature as a way of easing the pain of illness or trauma is nothing new, of course. John Keats, for example, wrote his poem Ode to a Nightingale in 1819 as he battled tuberculosis.The natural environment seems not only to help us heal, but also to unblock our creative powers. In his novel Amsterdam, Ian McEwan describes the frustration of his main character, Clive Linley, who feels blockedas he tries to finish a musical composition. He leaves London because, as McEwan writes, Linley knew he “needed mountains, big skies. The Lake District, perhaps”.What is it about nature that’s so healing and so inspiring? It seems that just looking at a natural object has a powerful and positive effect.Roger Ulrich at the University of Delaware examined the medical records of 46 patients who’d undergone gall bladder surgery between 1972 and 1981. Twenty-three of them convalesced in a ward that looked out onto an open space full of trees, while the other 23 had a view of a brick wall. Ulrich found that those who viewed the trees had a shorter post-operative stay and took fewer strong analgesics than did the other patients.Whatever it is that the natural environment does for us —whether it’s something in the environment itself, or the exposure to natural light or an increase in exercise that stimulates the release of endorphins — it seems that experiencing the natural world has great power.Distilling that experience into words, music or art can help us even more. As Helen Macdonald explained in a recent interview, writing down her experiences gave her a sense “that something was done, and it was a goodbye to my father and to that time”.Next time you feel blocked creatively, therefore, or you seek relief from pain as you recover from a trauma, make sure you spend some time in natural surroundings.11. Which one of the following cannot exemplify that nature is a way of relieving pain and trauma?A. H is for HawkB. The OutrunC. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. Amsterdam12. Ulrich’s experiment shows that ___.A. Barack Obama is wise to read the new nature writing.B. patients will never suffer from gall bladder after successful surgery.C. those patients having a view of wall tend to suffer from psychological problem.D. those patients having a view of lives tend to recover better and faster.13. According to the passage, what cannot be concluded or inferred?A. Nature makes people feel peaceful and comfortable.B. Nature will remind people of the sweet memories in the past.C. Nature helps people overcome traumatic experiences.D. Nature is more often than not inspiring for people.14. New nature writing ____.A. is a kind of literary critical approachB. is regarded as a new type of writingC. is not new at all since its relevance to nature writingD. stems from people’s desire to recall the past15. From the passage we know that ___.A. nature is omnipotent.B. nature is full of mysteries which makes it powerful.C. nature can heal, both physically and psychologically.D. nature has healing power and hospitals should be built within nature.Passage DIdentity, as academ ics define it, falls into two broad categories: “achieved” identity derived from personal effort, and “ascribed” identity based on innate characteristics.Everyone has both, but people tend to be most attached to their “best” identity — the one that offers the most social status or privileges. Successful professionals, for example, often define their identities primarily through their careers. For generations, working-class whites were doubly blessed: They enjoyed privileged status based on race, as well as the fruits of broad economic growth.White people’s officially privileged status waned over the latter half of the 20th century with the demise of discriminatory practices in, say, university admissions. But rising wages, an expanding social safety net and new educational opportunities helped offset that. Most white adults were wealthier and more successful than their parents, and confident that their children would do better still. That feeling of success may have provided a sort of identity in itself.But as Western manufacturing and industry have declined, taking many working-class towns with them, parents and grandparents have found that the opportunities they once had are unavailable to the next generation. That creates an identity vacuum to be filled.Arlie Russell Hochschild describes a feeling of lost opportunity. Her subjects felt like they were waiting in a long line to reach the top of a hill where the American dream was waiting for them. But the line’s uphill progress had slowed, even stopped. A nd immigrants, black people and other “outsiders” seemed to be cutting the line.For many Western whites, opportunities for achieved identity — the top of the hill — seem unattainable. So their ascribed identity — their whiteness — feels more important than ever.The formal rejection of racial discrimination in those societies has, by extension, constructed a new, broader national identity. The United States has a black president.But that broadening can, to some, feel like a painful loss, articulated in the demand voiced over and over at Trump rallies.The loss of that comforting hum has accelerated a phenomenon that Robin DiAngelo, calls “white fragility” — the stress white people feel when they confront the knowledge that they are neither special nor the default; that whiteness is just a race like any other. Fragility leads to feelings of insecurity, defensiveness, even threat. And it can trigger a backlash against those who are perceived as outsiders.Even some conservative analysts who support a multieth nic “melting pot” national identity worry that unassimilated immigrants could threaten core national values and cultural cohesion.The struggle for white identity is not just a political problem; it is about the “deep story” of feeling stuck while others move forward.There will not likely be a return to the whiteness of social dominance and exclusive national identity. Immigration cannot be halted without damaging Western nations’ economies; immigrants who have already。

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IV. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (40 points) Obviously many people knew that Maugham and Forster were homosexuals, and Coward never made any effort to disguise his sexual preference, but the issue was never made public, and neither Maugham nor Forster felt free enough to express his own feelings. Maugham and Forster were not alone in their fear of expos町、 and there was good reason for their fear. Andre Gide was one of the first m苟or figures to declare himself a homosexual during his own lifetime ( 1869-1951 ). He did so first in an autobiographical novel published in 1924，扩 It Die, and to make certain that the implications of the novel were fully understood, he published his · dialogues on homosexuality, Corydon, that same year. Other later writers such as Allan Ginsberg and Christopher Isherwood never made any secret about their sexual preference and wrote novels and poems on homoerotic themes. Tennessee Williams also wrote about his homosexuality, but unlike Ginsberg and Isherwood, never used it as an explicit theme in his writing, although some of his plays could play as well with a homosexual couple as a heterosexual one. Others who never publicly announced their homosexuality include the economist John Maynard Keynes, the novelists Hart Grane, Hugh Walpole, Virginia Woolf, the poet W.H. Auden, and vast numbers of businessmen, workers, and even politicians such as Tom D.iberg, who was chairman of the National Executive Committee of the British Labor Party from 1949 to 1972. In 卢his last case, though his homosexuality was known to many of his fellow MPs, it allegedly kept him out of the British cabinet, although he was appointed to the House of Lords. Homosexual, in fact, once the veil of secrecy is removed, is ubiquitous. Even such American folk heroes as Horatio Alger, Jr., were homosexual; his asexual

2016江苏南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础考研真题Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese.One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points (1' x 15=15').1. domestic airport2. international airline3. space craft4. radio navigation5. electronic age6. tour arrangement7. VIP room8. boarding gate9. public relationship10. aircraft carrier11. wireless network12. air crew13. the Belt and Road14. heating system15. anti‐icePart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English.One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points (1' x 15=15').1.黑匣子2. 外层空间3. 免税店4. 旅行支票5. 单程6. 国际电话7. 更改航班8. 参数9. 救生伐10. 乘务员11. 经济舱12. 红眼航班13. 当地时间14. 危险品15. 座位号Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30' x 2=60').Passage 1The word "highway" is a misleading name of this phenomenon. This "highway" is more a social and commercial environment than a static network. The "highway" is composed of a network, and computing resources, but more importantly, the "highway" defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other. It is for these reasons that the building of such a "highway" must be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/user model that has been used in the past.Based on these concepts the information highway can be defined as: "A location ‐independent user environment that uses high speed networking and computing for multimedia communications."Passage 2The fight for women's rights is central to the UN's global mission. Fifteen years ago, in Beijing, governments committed themselves to equality, development and peace for all women in all countries. The Beijing Declaration was a landmark on the road to women's empowerment.It has guided policy making. It has inspired women and girls to strive for equality and opportunity and reminded everyone that this is their right.We have seen progress. Girls are now more likely to receive an education. Women are now more likely to run business or participate in government. But much work remains. Death in Children is still too common. Too few women have access to family planning. Violence against women remains a cause of global shame. I just appointed a special representative to mobilize international action to address these crimes. At the United States itself, we have more women in senior posts than at any time in history.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30' x 2=60').Passage 1我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. aerial refueling2. UAV3. debt risks4. community-level democracy5. telecom fraud6. satellite launch center7. pension insurance 8. crewed spaceship9. heavy-lift carrier rocket 10. maximum payload capacity11. overcapacity 12. downpayment13. asteroid 14. hypersonic aircraft15. aerodynamicsPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 载人空间站2. 首飞3. 资产泡沫4. 增值税5. 探月工程6. 短期贷款7. 知识产权8. 机场跑道9. 旅行社10. 国有资本11. 飞行器设计12. 非政府组织13. 全球定位系统14. 社会主义核心价值体系15. 小康社会Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1In the Western imagination, Ch ina’s history has been inextricably linked to the notion of “empire”. But in fact, more than a millennium of Chinese history passed before anything resembling an empire ever existed. For centuries, seven separate states battled for military supremacy, until in 221 b.c. the Qin dynasty defeated the last of its rivals and unified the country. Military conquest is only part of the imperial story, however. China owes its ability to endure across time, and to re-form itself again and again after periods of disunity, to a fundamental reshaping of Chinese culture by the earliest dynasties, the Qin and the Han.Passage 2The winding course of the stream continually shut out the scene behind us and revealed as calm and lovely a one before. We glided from depth to depth, and breathed new seclusion at every turn. The shy kingfisher flew from the withered branch close at hand to another at distance, uttering a shrill cry of anger or alarm. Ducks that had been floating there since the preceding eve were startled at our approach and skimmed along the glassy river, breaking its dark surface with a bright streak. The pickerel leaped from among the lily pads. The turtle, sunning itself upon a rock or at the root of a tree, slid suddenly into the water with a plunge. The painted Indian who paddled his canoe along the Assabeth three hundred years ago could hardly have seen a wilder gentleness displayed upon its banks and reflected in its bosom than we did. Nor could the same Indian have prepared his noontide meal with more simplicity. We drew up our skiff at some point where the overarching shade formed a natural bower, and there kindled a fire with the pine cones and decayed branches that lay strewn plentifully around.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1中印作为战略合作伙伴，达成了许多战略共识，增强了战略互信。

南京大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享南京大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。

I. Phrase Translation1.WHO: World Health Organization世界卫生组织2.CBD: Central Business District中央商业区，中心商务区3.CPU: Central Processing Unit中央处理器4.IMF: 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)5.ISO: International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织6.OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织7.UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)8.Euromart: European Common Market欧洲共同市场9.Guiness Book of Record: 吉尼斯世界纪录10.negative population growth: 人口负增长11.the European Economic Community: 欧洲经济共同体12.World Intellectual Property Organization: 世界知识产权组织13,Global warming is believed to be the results of an enhanced greenhouse effect. 温室效应14. The English system of house buying depends initially upon a gentleman’s agreement between the buyer and the seller without any backing from the law. 君子协定15. The I-steel is frequently used in construction.工字形钢16.安居工程: Affordable Housing Project17.不可再生资源: non-renewable resources18.多党合作制: the system of multi-party cooperation19.工业园区industrial parks/zones20.绿色食品green food21.泡沫经济bubble economy22.人才流失brain drain23.售后服务after-sale service24.技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers25.可持续发展：sustainable development26.老字号time-honored brands;an old and famous shop or enterprise27.台湾回归祖国，完成统一大业是我们这一代人光荣的历史使命。

2011 Text 12009年纽约交响乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert担任下一任音乐指挥，这是自从突然宣布他的任命以来古典派音乐界一直谈论的话题。

大体上说，这种反应至少可以说是称赞性的。

连严肃认真的古典音乐评论家Anthony Tommasini 也写道，“很好哇！终于有结果啦！”然而，这次任命出人意料的原因之一是Gilbert相对来说，知名度不大。

甚至连在《时代》周刊上支持对Gilbert任命的Tommasini都把他称作为“一位不张扬的音乐家，他没有音乐指挥家那种令人生畏的傲气”。

作为对至今一直由Mahler和Pierre这样的音乐家指挥过的乐队的下一任音乐指挥的描述，上述说法似乎很可能使得至少一些《时代》的读者认为是一种菲薄的赞扬。

至于我，我不知道Gilbert是否是一位很棒的指挥家或者甚至是一位优秀的指挥家。

确实，他指挥了许多感人肺腑的、引人入胜的乐曲。

而我就不必访问Avery Fisher Hall，或者到任何其他地方去听令人感兴趣的管弦乐。

我要做的一切就是去我的CD架处，或打开我的计算机并从iTunes下载更多的录制的音乐。

那些听音乐会的发烧友回答说，录音音乐无法替代实况表演，但他们说错了。

就热爱艺术的公众的时间、精力和财力而论，古典乐器演奏家们必须不仅与歌剧院、舞蹈文工团、戏剧公司和博物馆竞争，而且与20世纪的伟大古典音乐家的录音表演竞争。

这些录音唱片廉价、随处可以买到，而且常常在艺术质量上比当今的实况表演高得多；此外，听者可以在任意选择的时间和地点来“消费享受”这些音乐唱片。

而且到处都能买到，因而造成了传统古典音乐会的体制危机。

一个可能的应对办法是，古典音乐表演家去设计有魅力的新的音乐，而这种音乐还没有被录制成唱片，所以买不到。

Gilbert 自己对新音乐的兴趣一直得到大家广泛的注意：古典音乐评论家Alex Ross认为他是一位能夠把纽约交响乐团转变成“一个明显不同的、更有生气的组织”。

2014年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．artificial intelligence正确答案：人工智能2．greenhouse gases正确答案：温室气体3．integrated circuit正确答案：集成电路4．information retrieval正确答案：信息检索5．credit risk正确答案：信用风险6．pay by installment正确答案：分期付款7．press conference正确答案：新闻发布会8．arms race正确答案：军备竞赛9．host city正确答案：主办城市10．budget deficit正确答案：预算赤字11．videophone正确答案：可视电话12．economic depression正确答案：经济萧条13．guided missile正确答案：导弹14．aerodynamics正确答案：空气动力学15．automatic control正确答案：自动控制汉译英16．机器人正确答案：robot17．飞机起落架正确答案：aircraft landing gear 18．空调系统正确答案：air conditioning system 19．最大起飞重量正确答案：maximum take-off weight20．手机短信正确答案：short message21．技术开发正确答案：technological development22．雾霾正确答案：smog23．机场航站楼正确答案：airport terminal24．注册资本正确答案：registered capital25．市场营销正确答案：marketing26．欧元区正确答案：Eurozone27．民航业正确答案：civil aviation28．大飞机正确答案：large passenger aircraft29．机长正确答案：pilot-in-command30．电气工程与自动化正确答案：electrical engineering and automation英汉互译英译汉31．In many areas the A380 has proven technologies that will become the standard for the next generation of airliners. As one example, the aircraft benefits from a higher proportion of carbon-fibre composite than any previous Airbus aircraft, around 22% compared with 12% for an A340-600 or 9% on a 777. For the first time, this technology has been applied to major components such as the centre-wing box. The information and data management requirements for an aircraft as large as the A380 also have placed demands on system design. These have been met in two ways. The aircraft’s system uses 22 computers of 7 different varieties that share all the functions traditionally handled by individual “black boxes”Data exchange in the system utilizes a high capacity and high speed datalink with data exchange at a rate of 10 million bits per second, 100 times the capacity of a traditional avionics system.正确答案：在很多方面，A380经验证的技术都将成为下一代飞机的标准。

2011年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Put the Following Terms into Chinese(15%)1. ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟（东盟）2. CPI【答案】消费物价指示3. EQ【答案】情商4. GMT【答案】格林威治标准时间5. GNP【答案】国民生产总值6. NGO【答案】非政府组织7. OPEC【答案】石油输出国家组织8. UNCF【答案】联合国儿童基金会9. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织10. Dynamic Equivalence 【答案】动态对等11. Foreignizing Method 【答案】异化法12. Intersemiotic Translation 【答案】符际翻译13. Lingua Franca【答案】通用语14. Polysystems Theory【答案】多元文化理论15. Department of Homeland Security【答案】国土安全部II. Put the Following Terms into English(15%) 1. 即席翻译【答案】simultaneous translation2. 稀土【答案】tombarthite3. 产品导向【答案】product orientation4. 民族的先知【答案】prophet of a nation5. 操纵汇率【答案】to manipulate currency6. 第三产业【答案】tertiary industry7. 宏观调控【答案】macro-control8. 虚拟经济【答案】virtual economy9. 生态补偿机制【答案】ecological compensation mechanism10. 西部大开发【答案】west development11. 抑制流动性【答案】to inhibit liquidity12. 持续发展【答案】sustainable development13. 全面战略伙伴关系【答案】the comprehensive strategic partnership14. 转变政府职能【答案】to transform the government functions15. 国际金融新秩序【答案】The new international financial order.III. Put the Following Passages into Chinese(60%)I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you’ve bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a newage. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and the next generation must lower its sights. Today I say to you that the challenges we face arc real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America-they will be met.【参考译文】我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。

南京航空航天大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. semi‐finished product2. online education3. bilateral relations4. economic recession5. accident rate6. emergency landing7. space shuttle 8. communication satellite9. NASA 10. microprocessor11. information highway 12. food security13. face shield 14. awarding ceremony15. cultural heritagePart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 空气质量指数2. 网民3. 国际空间站4. 电子客票5. 机场巴士6. 互联网7. 登机牌 8. 安全检查9. 紧急出口 10. 护照11. 高技术战争 12. 主页13. 健康证明 14. 飞机机组人员15. 常住人口Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ × 2 = 60’).Passage 1Today's policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor scooters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback. Policemen use telephones, conveniently located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern force. Even boats and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crime and speed the solution for criminal cases. Electronic computer reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witness's descriptions of a criminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of known criminals and selects the name and photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.Passage 2Unhappiness comes either through fear or through vain and unbridled desire; but if a man controls these, he can win for himself the blessedness of understanding. Of desires, all that do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not satisfied, are not necessary, but involve a desire which is easily dispelled, when the aim is hard to realize or they seem likely to produce harm. Wherever in the case of desires which are natural, but do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not fulfilled, the effort is intense, such pleasures are due to idle imagination, and it is not owing to their own nature that they fail to be dispelled, but owing to the empty imagining of the man.The disturbance of the soul cannot be ended nor true joy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth or by honor and respect in the eyes of the mob or by anything else that is associated with causes of unlimited desires. We must not violate nature, but obey her; and we shall obey her if we fulfill the necessary and natural desires, if they bring no harm to us. The man who follows nature and not vain opinions is independent in all things. For in reference to what is enough for nature every possession is riches, but in reference to unlimited desires even the greatest wealth is not riches but poverty.Insofar as you are in difficulties, it is because you forget nature; for you create for yourself unlimited fears and desires. It is better for you to be free of fear lying upon a pallet, than to have a golden couch and a rich table and be full of trouble.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ × 2 = 60’).Passage 1人们常常把物理学定义为关于物质和能量的科学，它主要涉及到物质世界的定律和性质。

精都教育——全国100000考生的选择我们的梦想，为成就更多人的梦想南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试试题原版考研真题试卷更多考研真题、笔记、模拟、题库、讲义资料就上精都考研网/南京航空航天大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. accident rate2. community of shared interests3. online car-hailing4. Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank5. takeoff runway6. Global Navigation Satellite System7. Remote Sensing Satellite 8. spacesuit9. lunar module 10. multi-entry visa11. simulated flight test 12. space debris13. unmanned spacecraft 14. two-dimensional barcode15. cosmic velocityPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. 航站楼2. 新常态3. 自贸区4. 供给侧改革5. 人工智能6. 低碳城市7. 量子卫星8. 精准扶贫9. 实名认证10.“丝绸之路经济带”11. 免税店12. 无现金支付13. 带薪休假14. 航天飞机15. 雷达识别Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 p oints (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1Sometimes you’d rather not know the bad news. An estimated 500,000 pieces of space junk—old satellites, rocket parts, debris from collisions—swarm in orbit around Earth. Much of it is potentially deadly: NASA officials say anything larger than 1 centimeter in diameter poses a threat to the International Space Station (ISS). But current tracking systems can generally only watch objects 10 cm or larger, and the U.S. government now follows less than 5% of space hazards— just 23,000 objects. That should change with the addition of a powerful new Air Force radar system, scheduled to break ground this month on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础第1页共2页。

南京航空航天大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码: 357满分: 150 分科目名称: 英语翻译基础注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. malware2. code of conduct3. inflation4. search engine5. square brackets6. 3G mobile7. MOU 8. Chairman of the Board9. teleconference 10. correspondence university11. vicious circle 12. aircraft carrier13. entrepreneur 14. financial crisis15. intellectual propertyPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 波音2. 硅谷3. 教育机构4. 科学态度5. 市场营销6. 高能物理7. 临界温度 8. 控制系统9. 经济发展 10. 希望工程11. 电流 12. 技术革新13. 太阳能 14. 太空站15. 数字电视Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ X 2 = 60’).Passage 1The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word ‘cybernetics’ (from the Greek word for ‘steersman’, ‘kubernetes’), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self‐regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand upright, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.Passage 2A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in the moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined？Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ X 2 = 60’).Passage 1大型飞机重大专项已经立项了，中国人要用自己的双手和智慧制造有国际竞争力的大飞机。

精都教育——全国100000考生的选择我们的梦想，为成就更多人的梦想南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试试题原版考研真题试卷更多考研真题、笔记、模拟、题库、讲义资料就上精都考研网/科目代码：359科目名称：日语翻译基础 第1页 共2页 南京航空航天大2014年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（___卷 ） 科目代码: 359 满分: 150 分 科目名称: 日语翻译基础 注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！問題一、次の語句を日本語に訳しなさい。

（１点×１５＝１５点）1. 供应商2. 对接3. 安保4. 增长点5. 和谐社会6. 经济快速发展7. 人力资本8. 创新型企业9. 破冰之旅10. 领先地位11. 首脑会议12. 进退两难13. 随声附和14. 近朱者赤15. 三人行必有我师問題二、次の語句を中国語に訳しなさい。

（１点×１５＝１５点）1. R&D2. WTO3. APEC4. 温室効果ガス5. 成長モデル6. リストラ7. 再認識する8. シンク・タンク9. 悲鳴を上げる10. コスト11. シェア12. グローバル化13. 釈迦に説法14. 多ければ多いほど良い15. 己の欲せざるとろこ、人に施すなかれ学Ａ南京航空航天大学2014年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）。

TranslationUnit 1No doubt everyone has to apologize for his life, sooner or later. When we appear at the Last Judgment and the Recording Angel reads out a list of our sins, we will presumably be given an opportunity to apologize, in the old sense of rebuttal and in the new sense too, by way of confession and plea of repentance. In this life, it is better to apologize (in the new sense), but promptly, voluntarily, fully and sincerely. If the error is a matter of opinion and un-punishable, so much the better--an apology then becomes a gracious and creditable occasion, and an example to all. An enforced apology is a miserable affair. Besides, there is something distinguished about a ready apology. It is a mark of a gentleman, more particularly if it is not necessary. It is the opposite of revenge. Bacon wrote, “In seeking revenge, a man is but equal with his enemy, but in forgiving him, he is superior, for it is a princes part to pardon.” So, the person who apologizes freely has the moral ball in his court.毋庸置疑，任何人,或迟或早，都要为自己的一生辩护。

这样去描述这个乐团的下一位指挥，至少对于时代的读者而言，这是一种苍白的表扬。

For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. 就我看来，我不知道Gilbert是否是一个伟大的指挥家或者是一个好的指挥。

但是我能确定的是，他能表现出很多有趣的乐章，但是我却应该不会去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他地方去听一场有趣的交响乐演出。

我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上，或者打开的我的电脑从ITUNES上下载更多的唱片。

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. 那些忠实的音乐会观众会讲唱片并不能代替现场的演出，但是他们忽略了一些事情。

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points (1' x 15=15').1. domestic airport2. international airline3. space craft4. radio navigation5. electronic age6. tour arrangement7. VIP room 8. boarding gate9. public relationship 10. aircraft carrier11. wireless network 12. air crew13. the Belt and Road 14. heating system15. anti‐icePart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points (1' x 15=15').1. 黑匣子2. 外层空间3. 免税店4. 旅行支票5. 单程6. 国际电话7. 更改航班 8. 参数9. 救生伐 10. 乘务员11. 经济舱 12. 红眼航班13. 当地时间 14. 危险品15. 座位号Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30' x 2=60').Passage 1The word "highway" is a misleading name of this phenomenon. This "highway" is more a social and commercial environment than a static network. The "highway" is composed of a network, and computing resources, but more importantly, the "highway" defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other. It is for these reasons that the building of such a "highway" must be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/user model that has been used in the past. Based on these concepts the information highway can be defined as: "A location‐independent user environment that uses high speed networking and computing for multimedia communications."Passage 2The fight for women's rights is central to the UN's global mission. Fifteen years ago, in Beijing, governments committed themselves to equality, development and peace for all women in all countries. The Beijing Declaration was a landmark on the road to women's empowerment. It has guided policy making. It has inspired women and girls to strive for equality and opportunity and reminded everyone that this is their right.We have seen progress. Girls are now more likely to receive an education. Women are now more likely to run business or participate in government. But much work remains. Death in Children is still too common. Too few women have access to family planning. Violence against women remains a cause of global shame. I just appointed a special representative to mobilize international action to address these crimes. At the United States itself, we have more women in senior posts than at any time in history.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30' x 2=60').Passage 1我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。

Today the theory of evolution is about as much open to doubt as the theory that the earth goes round the sun, but the full implications of Darwin's revolution have yet to be widely realized. Zoology is still a minority subject in universities, and even those who choose to study it often make their decision without appreciating its profound philosophical significance. Philosophy and the subjects known as “humanities” are still taught almost as if Darwin had never lived. No doubt this will change in time. In any case, this book is not intended as a general advocacy of Darwinism. Instead, it will explore the consequences of the evolution theory for a particular issue. My purpose is to examine the biology of selfishness and altruism.
from Chinese to English, within 60 minutes.