中国农业科学院英语考试题(英文版)

农业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common agricultural tool?A. TractorB. ScytheC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. What is the term for the process where plants convert sunlight into energy?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. TranspirationD. Fermentation3. The primary purpose of crop rotation is to:A. Increase yieldB. Prevent soil depletionC. Attract pollinatorsD. Improve soil structure4. What is the main component of fertilizers used to promote plant growth?A. NitrogenB. PhosphorusC. PotassiumD. All of the above5. In agriculture, what does the term "drought" refer to?A. A prolonged period of insufficient rainfallB. A type of irrigation systemC. A method of soil preparationD. A type of crop disease6. Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?A. Carbon dioxideB. MethaneC. Nitrous oxideD. Oxygen7. What is the role of bees in agriculture?A. PollinationB. Pest controlC. Soil aerationD. Crop harvesting8. The practice of organic farming involves:A. The use of synthetic pesticidesB. The use of genetically modified organismsC. The avoidance of chemical fertilizersD. The use of monoculture9. What is the term for the process of selecting and breeding plants to achieve desired traits?A. CroppingB. CultivationC. Plant breedingD. Harvesting10. The term "sustainable agriculture" refers to farming practices that:A. Maximize short-term profitsB. Focus solely on crop yieldC. Are environmentally friendly and economically viableD. Rely on non-renewable resources答案：1. C2. A3. B4. D5. A6. D7. A8. C9. C10. C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The process of _______ is essential for plant growth, where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.(Answer: Photosynthesis)2. In agriculture, a _______ is a machine used for plowing and turning the soil.(Answer: Plow)3. The _______ is a period of the year when the weather is typically warm and dry, which is ideal for growing crops. (Answer: Growing season)4. The use of pesticides can sometimes lead to _______, where pests develop resistance to the chemicals.(Answer: Pesticide resistance)5. _______ farming is a method of farming that does not rely on artificial fertilizers or pesticides.(Answer: Organic)6. _______ is the process of preparing the soil for planting by removing weeds and loosening the soil.(Answer: Tilling)7. A _______ is a structure used in agriculture to protect crops from harsh weather conditions.(Answer: Greenhouse)8. The _______ is the part of a plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.(Answer: Root)9. _______ is the practice of planting different crops in the same field in successive seasons.(Answer: Crop rotation)10. _______ is a type of farming that involves the use of technology and machinery to increase efficiency.(Answer: Industrial)三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the benefits of crop rotation?(Answer: Crop rotation helps to maintain soil fertility by preventing the depletion of certain nutrients, reduces the build-up of pests and diseases specific to certain crops, and can improve soil structure.)2. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.(Answer: Integrated pest management is a strategy that combines biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods to control pests in an environmentally friendly way, aiming to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the impact on non-target organisms.)3. What are the main challenges faced by organic farmers?(Answer: Organic farmers face challenges such as lower yields due to the absence of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, higher labor costs for manual pest control and soil management, and the need to find alternative methods for pest and disease control.)4. Describe the role of genetic modification in modern agriculture.(Answer: Genetic modification allows for the creation of crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, and harsh environmental conditions, can tolerate certain herbicides, and may have improved nutritional content。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国农业科学院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题A centrally controlled military force was the guarantee of their continuation in power, but the army was a part of the administrative organization, and it too was（）corruption.问题1选项A.more likelyB.prone toC.less likelyD.tending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项more likely“更可能的”；B选项prone to“有……倾向的”；C选项less likely“最不可能的是”；D选项tending“照顾”。

根据题意，只有“prone to易于，倾向于”符合。

A中“more likely”需要接to，构成“more likely to do sth.”才正确。

句意：虽然中央集权的武装力量是他们连续执政的保障，但是军队只是管理机构的一部分，并且它……腐2.单选题Theory and science are nurtured in material environments, and application is a powerful （）to thought. In this respect he was a great planter of ideas.问题1选项A.encouragementB.spurC.driveD.driving force【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：a drive to sth，D选项driving force“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：driving force for sth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D选项。

中国农业科学英文版Title: China Agricultural SciencesContent:China has always given great importance to the development of agricultural sciences.As the most populous country in the world, ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development is a top priority.Over the past few decades, China has made remarkable progress in agricultural sciences, contributing significantly to the nation"s economic growth and global food production.1.Achievements in Agricultural ResearchChinese researchers have made significant breakthroughs in crop breeding, including rice, wheat, corn, and other staple foods.Through scientific and technological advancements, yields have increased, disease resistance has improved, and stress tolerance has enhanced.These achievements have not only benefited China but also contributed to global food security.2.Precision AgricultureWith the rapid development of information technology, China is actively promoting precision agriculture.By utilizing technologies such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and internet of things (IoT), farmers can make data-driven decisions to optimize cropproduction.This approach helps in conserving resources, reducing environmental pollution, and improving overall agricultural efficiency.3.Agricultural BiotechnologyChina is at the forefront of agricultural biotechnology research.Genetic modification (GM) technology has been successfully applied in cotton, soybean, and corn, leading to increased yields and reduced pesticide use.The country continues to invest in research and development to explore the potential of biotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability.4.Sustainable AgricultureRecognizing the importance of environmental protection, China is promoting sustainable agricultural practices.These include conservation agriculture, agroforestry, and organic farming.By adopting these practices, China aims to minimize the ecological footprint of agriculture, preserve biodiversity, and mitigate the impact of climate change.5.International CooperationChina actively engages in international cooperation and exchange programs in agricultural sciences.Collaborations with countries worldwide help in sharing knowledge, technologies, and best practices.Through South-South cooperation, China transfers its agricultural expertise to other developing countries, supporting their agricultural development and food security.In conclusion, China"s commitment to agricultural sciences has led to significant achievements in crop production, biotechnology, precision agriculture, and sustainability.By continuing to invest in research and international cooperation, China aims to further enhance its agricultural sector and contribute to global food security and sustainable development.---标题：中国农业科学内容：中国一直高度重视农业科学的发展。

1996年中国农科院博士入学考试英语真题SectionⅠStructure and written expression (20 points, 0.5 point each)Part ADirections: Each sentence in Part A is an incomplete sentence. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, D, are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose theone word or phrase that best complete the sentence. Then, on your answersheet, find the number of the problem and mark your answer.1.The world’s supplies of copper_____.A.have been gradually exhaustingB.have gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD. D. are being gradually exhausted2.I’d lend you the record______ I could remember who last borrowed it.A.except thatB.on condition thatC.if onlyD.considering whether3. A series of lectures______ to be given to mark the 50th anniversary of thefounding of the school.A.will beB.areC.are goingD.is4.I took a bus that passed and got off some forty minutes later in______.A.where there must be a suburbB.that it must have been a suburbC.what must have been a suburbD.that where must have been a suburb5.Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an ______of the cost ofrepairing the roof.A. assessmentB. announcementC. estimateD. evaluation6. I’d rather you______ those important documents with you.A. don’t takeB. won’t takeC. didn’t takeD. not take7. Five minutes earlier, ______ we could have caught the last train.A. andB. orC. butD. so8. She is ______a musician than her brother.A. much ofB. more ofC. much asD. more as9. Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; ______is utter poverty.A. now all that is leftB. now all which is leftB. now that all is left D. now all what is left10. All flight______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having canceledB. were canceledC. have been canceledD. having been canceled11. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as______ its soils and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A. areB. doC. isD. has12. The criminal always paid ______cash so the police could not track him down.A. onB. forC. byD. in13. ______when she started complaining.A. Not until he arrivedB. No sooner has he arrivedC. Hardly had he arrivedD. Scarcely did he arrive14. ______the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In case ofB. Because ofC. In spite ofD. But for15. No longer are contributions to computer technology confines to any one country; ______is this more true than in Europe.A. hardlyB. seldomC. littleD. nowherePart BDirections: Each sentence in Part B has four words or phrases underlined. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. You are to identifythe one underlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten.Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the problem and mark youranswer.16. She sings too loudly, the same as what her teacher does.A B C D17. No one has been told whom of those named will be chosen to play in the last test.A B C D18. An estimated one in three householders who are entitled to rate rebates are notA B C Dclaiming.19. The waiters were careful to seat the important guests next to the host so he couldA B Ctalk easily to them.D20. The rose may grow as a low bush and as a tree, depending on how it is trimmed.A B C D21. People think that they have enough money to pay the electricity their televisionA B Csets, washing machines and refrigerators use.D22. Modern buttons, unlike early ones, are frequently mass-produced and usuallyA B Cmade of plastic.D23. Methods of flood control focus on preventing rivers from rising and to keep themA B C Dwithin their banks.24. Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time that he firstA B Cintroduced.D25. Next month we shall be competing among some of the best teams in the country.A B C D26. All the foreign students are doing experiments in that new built laboratory, whichA B C Dwas completed a few weeks ago.27. Next to natural resources come the ability to put them to use.A B C D28. Before winning the war of independence in 1965, Algeria lost many of their youngA B C Dmen.29. A growing influence in English social life was the new middle classes, who didA B Cnot wish to appear showy and overdressed.D30. Our livestock is not as numerous as they used to be.A B C D31. The book that you see laying on the table belongs to the teacher.A B C D32. Whether he was injured many or little none could ever tell.A B C D33. Find answers to these questions is something like a detective story.A B C D34. In his picture we see every detail presented as precise as we would in aA B C Dphotograph.35. We have all been hearing and making music almost since we have been born.A B C D36. They like to do one thing at one time and something else at other time or inA B Canother way.D37. The country is like a scoop of fertile land surrounding on three sides by desert andA B Cmountains and on the forth by the Persian Gulf.D38. Fashions change and people change too, but the old feeling of love remains same.A B C D39. She found he did not show any understanding for her difficulties, she felt he didA B Cher a great wrongness.D40. Still only 39 years old, he is an unremarkably looking, round faced man ofA Bmedium height, with school-boyish charm.C DSectionⅡ: Reading comprehension and vocabulary (60 points, 1 point each)Part ADirections: Each sentence in Par A has a word or phrase underlined. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one wordor phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit were substituted for the underlined word.41. He acquiesced in the plans his parents made for him.A. committedB. accepted quietlyC. satisfied fullyD. admitted42. Seminal contributions to science are those that change the tenor of the questions asked by succeeding generations.A. natureB. resultsC. intonationD. punctuation43. He spent all his large fortune on endowment of schools.A. the act of providing currencyB. the behavior of giving in charityC. the act of giving a large amount of moneyD. the behavior of providing credit44. This is a problem which keeps recurring.A. comingB. recountingC. recoveringD. happening45. His presence at the crime underpins the case against him.A. underliesB. supportsC. supposesD. underlines46. Reference books are usually arranged alphabetically so that the reader can expeditiously find specific information.A. frequentlyB. actuallyC. rapidlyD. repeatedly47. Students most develop flexibility in understanding novel combinations of target language chunks.A. legendaryB. newC. habitualD. original48. It seems likely that communication is primarily a matter of a speaker’s seeking either to inform a hearer of sth. or to enjoin some action upon him.A. exertB. adoptC. imposeD. evoke49. The legitimacy of the nephew’s claim to the estate is in question.A. rightnessB. lawfulnessC. law termD. legalese50. In April, we enacted a law on the restriction of raising dogs.A. passedB. draftedC. exhaustedD. made51. When Pope John Paul visited Latin America, he often signaled for the children to come to him.A. deniedB. adoredC. beckonedD. looks for52. The house is unsafe since the foundations were undermined by floods.A. weakenedB. torn downC. washed outD. declined53. Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such profusion.A. large supplyB. great diversityC. eccentricityD. miserly manner54. Clever people seem not to feel the natural pleasure of bewilderment, and are always answering questions when the chief relish of a life is to go on asking them.A. enjoymentB. insightC. wonderD. awe55. We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals.A. reverentB. unmindfulC. radiantD. relentless56. Humor is the first of the gifts to perish in a foreign tongue.A. witherB. dieC. exaltD. wane57. Consider any individual at any period of his life, and you will always find him preoccupied with fresh plans to increase his comfort.A. sending flashes of lightB. widely extendedC. filled with passionD. absorbed in thought58. St. Joseph is highly honored by Orthodox and Roman Catholics as the chaste spouse of the Virgin MARY and foster father of JESUS.A. grandeurB. magnificenceC. the married partnerD. a moral lesson59. The act does not address crucial issues of deposit insurance and will fail in its purpose.A. importantB. salvageableC. against commonsenseD. clearly and plainly60. Your youth and simplicity plead for you in this instance.A. block upB. provide an argument forC. turn away from what is rightD. ask earnestly61. The 1960’s saw a change in the form and content of moves, treating subjects that for so many years were considered taboo.A. unpleasantB. prohibitedC. unethicalD. worthless62. Few composes have been so idolized during their lifetime as was Edward MacDowell.A. dissatisfiedB. reviewedC. disguisedD. worshipped63. In 1998, a Kuwaiti Airways jet was hijacked by pro-Iranian Shiite Moslem terrorists who demanded the release of 17 shiite terrorists. The ordeal lasted 16 days as Kuwait refused to release the terrorists.A. an excuse for an actionB. human kindnessC. a difficult experienceD. a short pause64. U.S. troops seize the nation’s railroads May 17 in the face of imminent strikes.A brief strike ends when President Truman recommends wage boosts.A. likely to killB. not suitableC. showing dignD. about to occur65. John bought a hat on impulse at the supermarket the other day.A. a sudden wishB. strong emotionC. great impactD. on credit66. It is also certain that those human needs will be articulated by the broad spectrum of our society, by consumers as well as by scientists, by private foundations as well as by industry.A. increased rapidlyB. fully satisfiedC. loudly approvedD. clearly expressed67. There is no evidence that professors of mass communication are much different from their peers in other academic disciplines.A. equalsB. confederatesC. rivalsD. chums68. Rubens’ love for big canvases and mighty subjects led him over the boundary from the eloquent into the bombastic.A. authenticB. floweryC. fluentD. dogmatic69. The final chapter of the turbulent 20th century, which is now being written, may be the most revolutionary and important of all.A. sporadicB. terrificC. agitatedD. bombastic70. Chicken used to be a delicacy that was relished primarily for Sunday dinner, but changes in broiler production since the early 1930s have made poultry one of our most available meats.A. recommendedB. prescribedC. contributedD. fanciedPart BDirections: In Part B, the questions are based on some passages. You are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C, or D, to each question. Then, on your Answersheet, find the number of the problem and mark your answer.Passage 1It has been found that less than one shopper in five makes-a-complete shopping list before going to the store. The reason for this is that seven out of ten of today’s purchases are decided in the store, where the shoppers tend toward impulse buying. Buying groceries on impulse has risen for the past forty years, and this rise has coincided with the growth of self-service shopping. However, in grocery stores where clerks wait on customers there is much less impulse buying. It is hard for people to buy on impulse if they have to address a clerk.Psychiatrists have joined forces with merchandising experts. It is their job to persuade people to buy products which they may not need or even want until the see them attractively presented. It was discovered by the psychiatrists that they prefer the package that hypnotizes them into choosing it. Therefore, it is now more usual for good pacers to put more hypnosis into their package designs. Hypnosis depends heavily on the position of the product on the shelf, however. Thus, hypnotizing the shopper is easier if the product is located at eye-level.71. “It has been found that less than one shopper in five makes complete shoppinglist before going to the store.” This means that______.A. few shoppers make a complete shopping listB. only five shoppers make a complete shopping listC. not even one shopper makes a complete shopping listD. not even twenty percent of the shopper make a complete shopping list72. “This rise in impulse buying has coincided with the growth self-service shopping.” This means that______.A. both impulse buying and self-service shopping have increasedB. impulse buying has increased but not self-service shoppingC. self-service shopping has increased but not impulse buyingD. either impulse buying or self-service shopping has increased73. “In grocery stores where clerks wait on customers there is much less impulse buying.” This means that______.A. where there is no self-service shopping is no impulse buyingB. some grocery stores do not allow self-service shoppingC. when customers buy things by impulse, the clerks just waitD. there is more impulse buying if the clerk do not wait on the customers74. “It is the job of psychiatrists and merchandising experts to persuade people to buy products that they may not need or even want until they see them attractively presented.” This means that______.A. attractive presentation of products increases salesB. merchandising experts do not need to buy productsC. people can be persuaded to buy only by attractive presentationD. people buy unnecessary or unwanted things75. “Having so many choices confuses the customers, and they prefer the package that hypnotizes them into choosing it.” This means that______.A. hypnosis produces confusionB. package choice can result from hypnosisC. package choice result from confusionD. confusion results in hypnosisPassage 2Allelomimetic behavior may be defined as behavior in which two or more individual animals do the same thing, with some degree of mutual stimulation and coordination. It can only evolve in species with sense organs that are well enough developed so that continuous sensory contact can be maintained. It is found primarily in vertebrates, in those species that are diurnal, and usually in those that spend much of their lives in the air, in open water, or open plains.In birds, allelomimetic behavior is the rule rather than the exception, though it may occasionally be limited to particular seasons of the year as it is in the redwing blackbird. Its principal function is that of providing safety from predators, partly because if one bird reacts to danger, the whole flock is warned.Among mammals, allelomimetic behavior is very rare in rodents, which almostnever move in flocks or herds. Even when they are artificially crowded together, they do not conform in their movements.In the pack-hunting carnivores, allelomimetic behavior has another function, that of cooperative hunting for large prey animals such as moose. Wolves also defend their dens as a group against larger predators such as bears.Finally, allelomimetic behavior is highly developed among most primate group, where it has the principal function of providing warning against predators. though combined defensive behavior is also seen in troops of baboons.76. The main topic of the passage is the______.A. values of allelomimetic behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate species.B. definition and distribution of allelomimetic behaviorC. relationship of allelomimetic behavior to the survival of the fittestD. personality factors that determine when an individual animal will show allelomimetic behavior77. According to the passage he primary function of allelomimetic behavior in birds is to______.A. defend nests against predatorsB. look at each otherC. locate preyD. warn others of predators78. Which of the following places is the most likely setting for allelomimetic behavior?A. A lakeB. A caveC. An underground tunnelD. A thick forest79. According to the passage, what happens to the behavior of rodents when they are artificially crowded together?A. Their allelomimetic behavior increases.B. Continuous cooperation between them is maintained.C. They become aggressive and attack each other.D. They show little allelomimetic behavior80. Which of the following is most clearly an example of allelomimetic behavior?A. Bears hunting for carnivores.B. Cattle fleeing from a fire.C. Horses running at a racetrack.D. Dogs working with polite officers.81. Which of the following groups of human being would probably show the greatest amount of allelomimetic behavior?A. A group of students taking a testB. Tennis plays competing in a tournamentC. A patrol of soldiers scouting for the enemyD. Drivers waiting for a traffic light to changePassage 3The “Dark Ages”, as the Middle Ages have sometimes been called, like all other period in history were full of misery. Pestilence, war, and starvation were man’s constant companions. Intolerance of man toward man, often in the name of religion,was greater almost than ever before. Those who did not share the beliefs of the powerful were declared heretic, were outlawed and persecuted; some were burned at the stake. The oppressed poor, tied to the soil and as serfs, deprived of the right to move, had no resource against the arbitrariness of their local masters. Though standards of honor were established and extolled in heroic poetry, treachery and falsehood prevailed. Pride in clean and disease and suffering were rampant owing to a wide disdain of nature and body and to another worldly orientation of the mind. Praise of womanhood was sung, the cult of Mary was initiated; yet women were maltreated and held in contempt as the begetters of evil. Superstitions were widespread, and the age, like most of the preceding ones, was marked by insecurity and fear. Yet, the “Dark Ages” have also illuminated the modern world with their faith, scholarship, and the beauty they created. They brought forth ideas, and they established ideals which have remained meaningful. The faith and ethics of Christianity, the standards set in learning and philosophy, the works in art and literature stand unique and enriched the modern world no less than did the highest achievements of Greece and Rome.83. In the Middle Ages if one held a view different from that of the orthodox, one would______.A. be deprived of the right to moveB. be imprisoned.C. be accused of heresy.D. be extolled.84. In the Middle Age women were seen as______.A. evil begettersB. virginsC. saintsD. pious people85. In the passage the author described the Middle Ages as the age______.A. of lack of learningB. in which cultural prosperity was impossibleC. marked by unique cultural achievement and social evilsD. in which people were very ignorantPassage 4Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for ‘academic mobility’ is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the plane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication ofdisciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and to meet each other in conference or at meetings.86. Scholars and conditions are great travelers because______.A. salaries and conditions are better abroadB. standards are higher at foreign universitiesC. they are eager for new-knowledgeD. their governments encourage them to travel87. The recent growth in air travel has meant that______.A. more students from remote areas can attend universityB. universities can be built in remoter placesC. scholars can meet each other more easilyD. textbooks have wide circulation88. The writer thinks that academic work has recently become more specialized because______.A. more people are studying sciencesB. a greater variety of subjects is studiedC. more students are doing postgraduate workD. the number of universities has increased89. The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because______.A. their fellow experts are scattered round the worldB. there are so many people working in similar fieldsC. their laboratories are in remote placesD. there is a lot of social unrest at universities90. The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to______,A. cut down research costsB. keep up with current developmentsC. spend less time travailingD. develop their ideas more quicklyPassage 5Marjorie Rice was an unlikely candidate for the role of mathematical innovator. She had no formal education in mathematics save a single course required forgraduation from high school in 1939. Nonetheless, in 1975 she took up a problem that professional mathematicians had left for dead, and showed how much life was in it still.The problem was tessellation, or tilling of the plane, which involves taking a single closed figure—a triangle, for example, or a rectangle—and fitting it together with copies of itself so that a plane is covered without any gaps or overlap.A region of this plane would look rather like a jigsaw puzzle whose pieces are all identical. Rice worked primarily with polygons, which consist only of straight lines. More specifically, she worked with convex polygons, in which the line joining any two points on the polygon lies entirely within the polygon itself or on one of its edges. (A five-pointed star, for example, does not qualify as a convex polygon.) By the time Rice took up tiling, its basic properties had been established. Obviously, any square can tile the plane, as many kitchen floor have demonstrated. Equilateral triangles are also a fairly clear-out case. There is one other regular polygon (a polygon whose angles, and sides are equal) that can tile the plane: the hexagon. This fact was established by the ancient Greeks but had long before been exploited by honeybees in building their honeycombs.And what of irregular polygons? As it turns out, any triangle or quadrilateral, no matter how devoid of regularity, will tile the plane. On the other hand, no convex polygon with more than six sides can do so, and the three classed of convex hexagons that can were answered by the end of the First World War. So the only real question left by the time Marjorie Rice began her work was which convex pentagons tile the plane.91. The main subject of the passage is______.A. famous mathematiciansB. mathematical educationC. tiling the planeD. irregular polygons92. According to the passage, Marjorie Rice’s training in mathematics was______.A. professionalB. unnecessaryC. delayedD. limited93. “It” in line 6 in paragraph 1 refers to______.A. educationB. lifeC. a courseD. a problem94. According to the passage, for a figure to be a polygon it must consist of______.A. straight linesB. convex linesC. trianglesD. squares95. In the third paragraph, the author mentions honeycombs because______.A. they prove that only regular polygons can tile the planeB. they are an example of hexagonal structuresC. Greek mathematicians studied themD. Marjorie Rice raised bees96. “This fact” in line 6 in paragraph 3 prefers to______.A. the Greeks using the hexagonB. the hexagon tilling the planeC. establishing basic propertiesD. tilling kitchen floorsPassage 6Any creature that learns from experience is assuming that nature follows; butonly man attempts to formulate this reliable behavior of nature and store it up in language. Much of it runs immediately into his practical arts—that copper can be beaten and melted, that corn paste can be cooked into bread, that ash wood makes a good bow—and gets no separate place as “science”, though it is science. But there are also freer notions of nature’s especially of stars and seasons, and strange conjectures about “secrets of nature”–recipes, philters, and cures—known only to those who can penetrate the magical center of things. There is nothing wrong about the main belief on which “magic” was founded—that nature is deep and intricate and that the human mind is called on to fathom the mystery. Its chief error was in its guess as to the kind of power which nature was using. Magic, too, is a sort of science, and this is granted, we can say that there is no such thing as an unscientific tribe of men.The interest in mathematics is at first independent of the interest in laws of nature. It has more to do with trade, war and booty. But it also has a free field of its own-the first form of science which, because it is wholly the work of the mind, we call “abstract”. Some animal minds can apparently “court” a limited number of objects numbered, seeing to know whether the eggs or the cubs are all there. But man reaches the point of separating the numbers from the objects numbered, and later on shapes from the objects which have shapes; and playing with these ideas he sets up the sciences of arithmetic and geometry. Putting numbers and shapes through their possible variations and running them to their limits, he discoveries types of order and beauty endless in interest. Mathematics is the progressive discovery of the meaning of what man himself has done when he coins the notions of number, boundary, line. It is the oldest scientific interest which has been effectively universal on the planet; four contributions to it had been made by China, India, Persia, ad Egypt before the brilliant Greek period began. And then Arabs gave us an algebra without which modern mathematics would be unthinkable.97. According to the author man differs from the animal in thatA. man can count numbers.B. man knows that there are certain laws in Nature.C. man can act according to the natural laws.D. man can formulate the laws of nature in language.98. Science began with______.A. practical artB. mathematicsC. witchcraftD. counting numbers99. According to the passage which of the following statements is not correct?A. Mathematics is the product of human mind.B. Witchcraft is scientific.C. The ancient Chinese made great contributions to the world.D. Modern mathematics is started with algebra.100. Mathematics is a science because_____.A. It is closely connected with trade and booty.B. It is composed of shapes and numbers.C. It is abstract.D. It is useful to human life.。

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2003答案解析Part One: Structure and Written Expression1.D 译文：医生预断她会好起来，只要她打胰岛素和注意饮食。

解析：agnosticism不可知论；anticipation预感；diagnosis 诊断；prognosis病状的预断。

2.C 译文：相关方面默然达成一致意见：拜访过他的人没有跟他讲的话以后谁也不许说出去。

解析：uncommunicatively不爱说话地；acceptably可以接受地；tacitly沉默地，默然地；taciturnly指人沉默寡言都。

3.C 译文：奉承话并非出自真诚的、深刻的仰慕，更多情况下是出自一种利己主义的期望，期望自己被某个重要的任务或名人认同。

解析：compliment称赞；adulatory奉承的；flattery奉承；praise夸奖。

4.D 译文：上班时利用足够的时间赶火车可以消除对迟到的担忧。

解析：rule off 划线隔开；prevent预防；avoid 避免；obviate消除、排除（危险、障碍、担忧等）5.A 译文：法国士兵尼古拉斯总是不停地喊叫着来表达对拿破仑的崇敬，以致他都成了所有欧洲人的笑柄。

解析：vociferously喊叫地，吵闹地；patriotically爱国地；verbosely啰嗦地；loquaciously 滔滔不绝地。

6.B 译文：患空旷恐怖症的人宁愿呆在家里，因为在空旷的公共场所或室外会使他们感觉无比痛苦。

解析：acrophobia恐高症；agoraphobia广场恐怖症；claustrophobia幽闭恐怖症xenophobia仇外。

7.C 译文：至少在一定程度上人们是群居在一起的，他们通过参加群体活动获得温暖和亲密感。

解析：segregated被隔离的；congregational公众的；gregarious 社交的，群居的；egregious 惊人的，过分的。

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2021答案解析Part ⅠVocabulary Section A1.C 译文：经过数百年的自我实施专制后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历史的浪潮。

解析：cooperation合作；monopoly垄断；dictatorship专政，专制；seclusion隐居。

2.C 译文：满族人已经和保证双方地位的贵族阶层形成了联盟。

贵族人与普通平民区分开来，并且他们被给予政府部门中的专有职位特权。

解析：inclusive包含的；special 专用的，专门的；exclusive独有的，专有的；especial特别的，尤其的。

3.C 译文：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力驱动力。

照这样看，他便是一位伟大的思想传播者。

解析：encouragement 鼓舞；spur鼓舞，刺激；drive驱动，常用表达 a drive to sth；driving force驱动力，推动力，常用表达driving force for sth。

4.C 译文：他们用来建立维护追随者的方法与完成这样的活动的展望也成为了现今中国政治行为的重要来源。

解析：precedents 引用单元；pioneer 先锋；source来源；resource资源。

5.B 译文：在他身上，有一个交汇点，一个斗争的典型代表，因而他是一个真正的历史人物。

解析：representation表现；representative代表，典型；symbol象征，标志；sign符合，记号。

6.B 译文：社会稳定源于各种力量的微妙平衡。

在这种连续的平衡中，可变因素已经得到了暂时的平衡。

改变一个因素便会发生一系列改变和调整。

解析：saturation饱和；continuum连续体；continuation继续；melting point熔点。

acontinuum of 连续的。

7.B 译文：成功人士如何处理一种新文化取决于很多因素，如一个人的原始教育和即将修正的具体行为解析：固定搭配，be contingent on 取决于，依赖于。

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2002答案解析ⅠListening Comprehension（略）ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 116.答案B解析：第一段提到：这种新型广告的目的不是招聘信息也不是求职信息，而是为应聘者提供帮助和意见。

所以答案为B。

17.答案C解析：第二段提到：of course, a reflection on the current high level of unemployment.这句话表明这种服务出现的原因在于高失业率。

所以C符合。

18.答案D解析：第三段提到：过去求职时，只须在申请书上填写姓名、地址、年龄和通过的考试。

详细的信息通常留在面试的时候讲。

所以D符合.19.答案A解析：第四段提到：the advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. 这句话表明你的求职信中要有能吸引招聘者的注意力的内容，将你从其他人中脱颖而出。

根据此意，可知答案为A。

20.答案B解析：最后一段提到了求职信变得如此重要的原因在于有越来越多的大学毕业生求职者。

而他们凭借着大学的学历变得有资格去胜任一份工作。

所以此时要想获得工作机会，工作经历就显得很重要。

Passage 221.答案C解析：第一段most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings.句中be sick to death的意思是“极度厌倦”。

根据这句话，可知AB错误，C为答案。

而D中应该是“their grants run out”。

22.答案D解析：根据第二段the ESRC’s response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%。

英语农业科学英语50题1. There are many kinds of ______ on the farm.A. animalsB. plantsC. fruitsD. vegetables答案：B。

本题考查农业相关的词汇。

选项A“animals”指动物；选项B“plants”指植物，农场里通常有多种植物；选项C“fruits”指水果；选项D“vegetables”指蔬菜。

在农场中，植物的种类更为广泛，所以选择B。

2. We get milk from ______.A. cowsB. pigsC. chickensD. ducks答案：A。

本题考查常见的产奶动物。

选项A“cows”是奶牛，能产奶；选项B“pigs”是猪；选项C“chickens”是鸡；选项D“ducks”是鸭。

奶牛是产奶的主要动物，故选A。

3. The ______ grow well in the field.A. riceB. applesC. sheepD. trees答案：A。

本题考查农作物的生长地点。

选项A“rice”水稻，生长在田里；选项B“apples”苹果，长在树上；选项C“sheep”绵羊，不是植物；选项D“trees”树，不是农作物。

所以选A。

4. Farmers use ______ to water the crops.A. hammersB. shovelsC. hoesD. pumps答案：D。

本题考查农业工具的用途。

选项A“hammers”锤子；选项B“shovels”铲子；选项C“hoes”锄头；选项D“pumps”水泵，用于抽水浇庄稼。

故选D。

5. Which of the following is NOT a farm tool?A. ScytheB. TractorC. ComputerD. Plough答案：C。

本题考查农业工具的识别。

选项A“Scythe”镰刀；选项B“Tractor”拖拉机；选项C“Computer”电脑，不是农业工具；选项D“Plough”犁。

名词解释1、单作(Monoculture) :the exclusive cultivation of a single crop over wide areas.2、农业科学(Agriscience) :is the application of scientific principles and new technologies to agriculture.3、可再牛资源(Renewable natural resources ) :are the resources provided by nature that can replace or renew themselves.4、农业综合经营(Agribusiness) :refers to commercial firms that have developed with or stem out of agriculture・5、溶液培养(Aquaculture ) :means the growing and management of living things in water, such as fish・6、作物学(Crop science) :refer to he use of modern principles in growing and managing crops.7、生物工艺学(Biotechnology) :is a relatively new term referring to the management of the characteristics transmitted from one generation to another.8> 病虫害综合防治(IPM:integrated pest management) :refers to the many different methods used together to control insects,diseases,rodents,and other pests.9、有机食物(Organic food) :is a term used for foods that have been grown without the use of chemical pesticides.10、高新技术(High technology) :refers to the use of modern principles in growing and ultramodern equipment to perform tasksand control machinery and processes・11 > 光合作用(photosynthesis ) :light energy is trapped, transformed ,and then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.12> 呼吸作用(Respiration)： when oxygen is present,aerobic respiration allows cells to break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water and release chemical energy.13、蒸腾作用(water evaporates): from the plants stem and the stomata of its leaves ・14> 水培(Hydroponics) :plants are grown in water that has been supplemented with the proper minerals・15、源(Source ) :the photosynthesizing cells or cells that store the products of photosynthesis serve as the source of sugars and other organic solutes.16、库(Sink):the plant cells that are using or storing the sugars act as the sink・17> 转移作用(Translocation):the movement of the products of photosynthesis.18> 生物科学(Technology ):is defined as the application of and industrial or commercial objective・19、生物技术(Biotechnology) :is a relatively new term referring tothe management of the characteristics transmitted from one generation to anothe匚20> 农学(Agronomy) :is the science of fruits,vegetables and ornamentals ・21> 抗张强度(Tensile strength) :the resistance of a material against being pulled apart ・22、内聚力(Cohesion) :is the force that holds the water molecules together against the weight of the water bug・23、根压(Pressure) :water moves into the root through osmosis,establishing a positive pressure called root.近义i司(best interpretation)1、C onsider the massive size of the Mississippi River Delta.fgr^aZer than usual)2、I f inside work without the company of other people is appealin父、a professional career,such as research,should be considered.3、T his paper sees the development of African agriculture as the most promising solution to these problems.4、S alt water is used for crop irrigation in order to exploit the large areas of coastal deserts.fully)5、L egumes can thrive in nitrogen-depleted soi\.(grow well)6、T he disposal of the rubbish is a pressing problem facing the local municipal government.(removaZ)7、This 10-chapter,multiauthor book addresses issues arising from the definition and measurement of poverty in terms of nutritional status.(foeuses)8> The hard foliage of these cultivars(栽培品种)may, however ,make them less attractive in the market than the traditional soft types, (inviting)9、E conomic and social benefits of agricultural research depend on both the quantity and quality of research and extension efforts and on the policy environment.10、The potato^ original home is in the mountainous regions of South America, although it is wfeired to as the Irish potato ・(called)11、Soil fertility restoration of badly eroded and high acidic soil are considered together with aspects of land reclamation, (restoring to cultivation)12、Customer discrimination of aesthetic damage to the nursery plants was assessed during a plant sale and it was found that customers ignored of failed to discern some plant damage, (artistic)13、The use of cytokinins in the cultivation of a diverse range of fruit trees are reviewed.fmrwws)14、Small differences in climate,water and nutrient regimes, and land use can markedly change the delicate balance of tropical wetlands.15、Effects of light quality of artificial light sources on the growth and morpho genesis of tomato and kidney bean were studied,16、The loss of organic matter reduces soil fertility and water holding capacity and renders the soil more susceptible to compaction and erosion.to suffer from)17> While more efficient biological control agents might be beneficial for sustainable agriculture, crops engineered for herbicide resistance might increase herbicide use(capable of being continued)18、Improved cultivation practices arrested the degradation of organic matter,conserved the nutrients,increased the soil pH and soil environment ,and sustained higher productivity.19> There the food is mixed with saliva and attacked by microorganisms which break the cellulose to digestible products ・G 加20、In turn, these conditions have played an important role in transforming how farmers^see the world^ and organize their production.21、The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi(真菌)。