高二升高三英语阅读专练之说明文 教师版

新高考高二英语时文阅读专版特训（含原文翻译及经典解析）AMy parents and I lived upstairs over my aged and infirm paternal grandparents. All of ushelped make the grandparents’day-to-day lives as comfortable as possible. But Granny was gradually going blind and Gramps suffered from the effects of two strokes (中风).Granny’s mind was sharp. It was my job to help her with the daily newspaper’s crossword puzzle. It made no difference if I had studying or a date. I so often think of the fall when Granny got the chance to “be useful again.”Her niece had leased one of those lunch stands on the fairgrounds and she and her daughter would be staying in town during the week-long fair. Though Gran’s relatives would have little time to rest, they would need a place to stay. There was no spare room; what to do?Granny stumbled around, thinking all the help she could get, and before long the attached woodshed had been made into comfortable sleeping quarters for the two women. Granny would take in a few dollars for “putting up”her relatives, but the best was yet to come! Within a day or two, the two women got behind at the lunch stand, finding that simple sandwiches sold like hotcakes. Since they opened early, the fair employees themselves bought their breakfasts there, keeping the two women overly occupied.Near sightless she may have been, but Granny could do her part. I can see her now, standingfor hours with sandwich fixings and several varieties of bread neatly arranged on the clean table before her. After this week of hustle and bustle was over, Granny stated emphatically, “That was the best week I’ve had in years!”The lesson that memory brings back to me is that we all long for a chance to be “useful”, appreciated, and helpful as well. No matter what our circumstances, there’s usually a way to contribute and, as a reward, strengthen our self-images!1. What can we know from the passage?A. Granny was too old to be “useful”.B. Granny couldn’t see anything finally.C. The author’s grandparents were in bad health.D. Gramps enjoyed being busy at the lunch stand.2. What does the underlined phase “putting up”mean in paragraph 4?A.Accommodating.B. Cheating.C. EarningD. Building3. Why did Granny think it was the best week she had had in years?A. Because she found her value again in life.B. Because she made no difference to others.C. Because she had a chance to make money.D. Because she helped her husband’s relatives.4. What’s the author’s attitude towards Granny’s thought about being useful again?A. Indifferent.B. Negative.C. Positive.D. Not mentioned.【答案】1~4 CAAC【解析】】本文是一篇记叙文，通过记叙年迈的奶奶在自己的生活中不断寻找机会来实现自己的社会价值的例子，告诉我们：任何人，只要你愿意，都会有为社会做贡献，让自己被需要，被认可的机会。

重难点02-2阅读七选五之说明文-高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(新高考专用)距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

从以上统计看，两年高考阅读七选五命题以说明文体裁为最，共7篇，记叙文体裁的只考了一篇，而其他体裁则没有涉及。

就体裁方面而言，笔者以为2023年的高考仍将以说明文为主，记叙文为辅或者就考记叙文。

考议论文体裁的大概率比较小，因为对于考生来说解题难度会成倍加大。

典型结构说明文常用“总分(总)”式文本结构，由总体说明、分别说明和总结三部分构成，这类说明文语篇多以方法、技巧、建议为内容，说明如何做事。

文章白首段往往做出总体说明，在引入文章的主题后明确说明的维度(或角度)，对全文起统领作用；接下来文章会用若干个段落，按首段中提出维度分别进行说明，各分别说明段落之间构成并列关系，甚至段落内部结构都有高度的一致性，即每段围绕某一方面展开说明，段落主旨句通常位于句首，说明的方法有举例子、分类别、作比较、列数字、下定义、作诠释、打比方、引资料等，有时段尾还有一个总结性的句子；文章结尾用一个段落对整个文章进行总结，与文章的首段相呼应，但很多短小的说明文没有结尾的总结性段落。

在对文章进行快速浏览之后，带着题干再读全文。阅读时做到有的放矢、有所侧重：明确说明对象、把握说明顺序、理清(段落间的)逻辑联系和把握作者态度。边读边将考查内容(主要是细节理解题和推理判断题)在原文中定位，然后重点解读定位的几个片段。
3.高效解读——破长难句解重难词
说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。如何高效解读关键在于破解长难句、解读重难词(包括生词和词块)的意义。
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
重难点01-3阅读理解之说明文-高考英语
【热点·重点·难点】专练
(新高考专用)
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测
27.What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.

2022高考英语专题练之说明文阅读（A）If you want to stay in shape, but don’t have the time to go to the gym, the Mobile Gym is a good solution. It’s basically a large bus filled with the latest fitness equipment. You can find everything you need for a complete workout, and here’s the best part — you don’t need to go to the gym, and the gym comes to you!The Mobile Gym was the idea of Adam Zickerman, founder of Inform Fitness, a popular chain of gyms across the United States. It hit him when he ordered lunch from a food truck one afternoon. So why not put a gym on a truck?Zickerman experimented with a few designs and then invested $60,000 on making adaptations and fixing machines. He didn’t really need an advertising budget as the bus advertised itself. Carole Pallmeyer, for instance, found herself driving behind the Mobile Gym one day. At first she thought it was a regular bus with ads for a gym. But then she realized the bus itself was a gym, so she booked workout sessions for her entire family. “We are all busy, but we know the bus is coming and make sure we are home at 4:30 for the workouts,” she said. “You forget you’re on a bus because the workouts are tightly scheduled.”Unfortunately, it is illegal to use the fitness equipment while the bus is moving, so you don’t get to save time by working out during the rush time. It operates only once a week, only two clients ( 客户) can be accommodated at a time on the bus. And it doesn’t come cheap. Sessions start at $100, while in-house workouts are $65. But the Mobile Gym appears to be a big hit.“There are so many benefits to having the Mobile Gym come to you,” Zickerman said. “Only five to seven exercises complete a total-body workout when performed using our special equipment.” He also added that a 20-minute workout might sound easy, but it is really difficult and provides instant results. “It is very challenging and clients understand quickly why rest is important between workouts.”1．What inspired Zickerman to invent the Mobile Gym?A．A usual order for a meal.B．A casual visit to a gym.C．A tight schedule for workout.D．A specific experience of exercise. 2．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of the Mobile Gym?A.It saves much of clients’ time.B.It creates adequate private space.C.It offers special equipment needed for a total-body workout.D.It provides clients with an appropriate and effective workout.3.What’s Zickerman’s attitude towards the Mobile Gym?A.Concerned.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Optimistic.（B）“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017, a year before his death.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets. That way, if an asteroid(小小小), a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most tempting destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that bombards the planet.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host microbial( 小小小小) life. Human visitors maydestroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay home?1.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Many experts insist that humans should take the risk.B.Mars is the most attractive destinations for human beings.C.Hawking firmly believes the only way to save humans is moving to Mars.D.All the other experts don’t agree with Hawking’s idea.2.Why do some experts disagree with the plan to colonize Mars?A.It will cost much more money to settle on Mars than on Earth.B.It is too long a distance from the Earth to the Mars.C.Human visitors will bring diseases to Martian environment.D.The deadly radiation that bombards the planet is the biggest danger.3.What’s the writing purpose of the passage?A.To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.B.To present different opinions on whether to move to the Mars.C.To arouse readers’ reflection on whether to colonize outer space.D.To inspire people to deal with the environmental problems.4.In which section of a magazine is the passage most likely from?A. Fiction.B. Current affairs.C. Social Studies.D. Science.（C）We use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been trained to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robot named Pepper, with software that models human cognitive（认知的）processes, which allowed Pepper to retrieve （检索）relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text — to — speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, "With inner speech,we can better understand what the robot wants to do and what its plan is," says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette （礼仪）rules they had programmed into the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Pepper's ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin on a fork with its inner speech enabled, Pepper asked itself what the etiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correct action. When told it was, Pepper said, “OK, I prefer to follow your desire," and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules, so it didn't perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, this type of programming could help the public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at the University of Chicago. "It maintains people's trust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots," she says. However, this experiment only used a single human participant, says Sebo. "It's unclear how their approach would compare across a wide range of human participants," she says.1. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To provide an example.D. To support his argument.2. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task.B. It followed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision.D. It communicated with the researchers.3. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative but worthless.B. It was a good try but the result was a failure.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.D. It was carefully designed but poorly performed.4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Robot Taught To Be PoliteB. Robot Can Explain Its DecisionC. Robot Making Decisions: No Longer A DreamD. Robot-Human Communication: No Longer A Problem（D）Researchers have found that most shy children,even the most painfully shy of them,are not shy adults.The process from shy to outgoing does not require treatment,behavior modification（矫正）or any extraordinary measures. It just happens.Most shy kids grow out of their shyness by their young adult years,and even those who do not get rid of it manage to cope with it reasonably well. They learn how to hide it,mostly because they realize that shyness puts them at a disadvantage in certain situations.I myself am a living example to the transformation.I was socially awkward until I went to college where I tried out for the role of a lead singer in a rock band and suddenly found myself on stage with four musicians behind me and hundreds of people in front of me. My social awkwardness didn't go away until I was forced to make a choice between shyness or being a campus rock star. That's a no-brainer for an 18-year-old. I had to cure myself of my lifelong shyness, and I did.But this article is not really about childhood shyness. It's about the distinction between a child's personality and behavior. Personality is just like a surface upon which an artist begins a painting. If the artist doesn't like the way his painting is progressing, he can paint over what he's done, but the surface remains as it was at the beginning-a constant (恒量）。

高二升高三英语阅读专练——叙事性文章（传记类和故事类）一2010辽宁 AIt was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day. Some visitors from the city arrived. The told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other place.This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first tim e, the people were able to dream of a batter future. But the dream didn’t last long.The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.The villagers decided that they couldn’t just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn’t been useless. They had been doing an important job---eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.56. From paragraph I we learn that the villagers __________.A. worked very hard for centuriesB. dreamed of having a better lifeC. were poor but somewhat contentD. lived a different life from their forefathers 56. C。

新高考英语阅读理解专项训练1Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1, 000. Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6, 800B. About 3,400C. About 2,400D. About 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.2As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B.A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.3A build-it-yourself solar still （蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available ．Developed by two doctors in the U ．S ．Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector ．Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes ． The only components required, though, are a 55''⨯ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water ．These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt ．To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep ．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity ．Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole ．Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole ．Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock ． The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides ． The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup ．The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic ．Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup ． When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink ．32．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A ．It’s delicate ．B ．It’s expensive ．C ．It’s complex ．D ．It’s portable ．33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A ．The tube ．B ．The still ．C ．The hole ．D ．The cup ．34．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A ．Dig a hole of a certain size ．B ．Put the cup in place ．C ．Weight the sheet’s center down ．D ．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet ．35．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form ．A ．the plastic tubeB ．outside the holeC ．the open airD ．beneath the sheet4Terrafugia Inc．said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year．The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car．The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air．It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air．On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon．Around 100 people have already put down a $10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show．But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways．It’s expected to cost $279，000．And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic．The car needs a runway．Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert．But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality．The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly．The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards．Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet．28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Transition．B．The advantages of flying cars．C．The potential market for flying cars．C．The designers of the Transition．29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A．It causes traffic jams．B．It is difficult to operate．C．It is very expensive．D．It bums too much fuel．30．What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A．Cautious B．Favorable．C．Ambiguous．D．Disapproving．31．What is the best title for the text?A．Flying Car at Auto Show B．The Transition’s Fist FlightC．Pilots’ Dream Coming True D．Flying Car Closer to Reality5Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” an d not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.31. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.32. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through Books6If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’saround. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards (果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.28. What can people do at the apple events?A. Attend experts’ lectures.B. Visit fruit-loving families.C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D. Taste many kinds of apples.29. What can we learn about Decio?A. It is a new variety.B. It has a strange look.C. It is rarely seen now.D. It has a special taste.30. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope.C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.B. To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples.D. To promote apple research.参考答案1.BCBC2.DCBD3. DBCD4. ACBD5. BACD6.DCBB。

2022高考英语阅读理解专题强化练习之说明文（A）You've probably been to an art museum gift shop. Located toward the museum exit, a gift shop is an unmissable stop where you can take home a classic piece of art in dozens of ways. Items inspired by Van Gogh, for example, range from a teapot, to an umbrella, a journal, and of course, a tote bag. Though frequent sighting of the same artwork may start to feel absurd, all this merchandise（货品）is thoughtfully planned out."We are here to support the Metropolitan Museum of Art financially and one of the main goals of the museum in terms of education. " Leanne Graeff is the head of design and product development for the MET store, “Our decisions can be powerfully thanks to the mere-exposure effect—a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to something makes you like it more.”A classic example is：when you hear a song for the first time and hate it，but after a couple more listens, you start to like it. So it is with watching a TV commercial. In an art store, seeing an artwork frequently highlights the idea that the particular piece of art is important. You start to appreciate it and feel connected to it.Traditionally, museums make considerable profits by selling things related io big exhibitions like Van Gogh paintings. But that model is changing. -Those big shows puts us in a very challenging position of being reliant on whether people come to see a particular show, or whether or not there's product that is appropriate to develop for that particular show," Leanne explains.A better tactic might be relying on museum-goers themselves to drive stocking decisions. Getting out in the museum while people are walking around, really trying to understand what they’re thinking about when they finally do make it into the store is something that we always try to keep top of mind.1：According to Leanne Graeff, what are the items in the MET store meant to do?A. To make visitors feel absurd.B. To help fund several local museums.C. To strongly impress visitors with art.D. To try out the mere-exposure effect,2：How does the author clarify the mere-exposure effect?A. By drawing comparisons.B. By using statistics.C. By presenting arguments.D. By giving examples.3：What does Leanne probably agree with in terms of big shows?A. They fail to appeal to visitors.B. They cause pressure on the art store.C. They force the store to change its location.D. They make appropriate products available.4：What does the underlined word "tactic" in the last paragraph refer to?A. A pricing system.B. A business trap.C. A product development method.D. A customer complaint response.（B）The widespread application of internet technology has made our lives easier but poses a big challenge to senior citizens, who are not always comfortable with smart phones and so many new apps.In China, only a few senior citizens are able to enjoy the benefits that new technologies offer. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of people aged 60 and above was 253.88 million in 2019, that is 18J percent of China's population. But only 23 percent of the senior citizens were able to access the internet. That means more than three-fourths of the elderly are deprived （剥夺）of the digital convenience.Failure to access the internet or use smart phones has increased difficulties for them. They cannot even take a taxi easily in this era of app cabs. There have been reports of many shops turning away elders who don't know how to pay using smart phones, instead of letting them pay in cash. Many elders who can't use smart phones are facing difficulties during this pandemic （流行病）, as they cannot access the internet-based health code required for entry into many publicplaces as part of the epidemic prevention and control measures.New technologies become popular because they are often of great use in our daily lives. But many senior citizens, especially those living in rural areas or those whose grownup children don't live with them, cannot access the internet or smart ' phones, either because of financial restrictions or because they cannot learn new things beyond a certain point. The digital gap between the elderly and the young is becoming more pronounced.However, the senior citizens should not become a silent group deprived of digital benefits< It is society's responsibility to help them bridge the digital gap, and be patient with them when they face difficulties keeping pace with times.1. What do we learn from the text?A. Not all the elderly are able to enjoy the smart life services.B. Internet technology has made everyone's life easier.C. About one-fourth people have easy access to the internet.D. Smart phones and apps are not designed for the elderly.2. What fact do the examples in Paragraph 3 present?A. Many elders don't know how to hire a taxi.B. Many elders always go shopping without their smart phones.C. Many elders have trouble in using the health code.D. Many elders are not allowed to enter public places during the pandemic.3. Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 4?A. Predictable.B. Obvious.C. Avoidable.D. Narrow.4. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A. Digital gap makes everything harder,B. Grownup children should live with the elderly with digital problems.C. The society should be responsible for the elderly 's digital problems.D. The internet technology provides easy lives for seniors in all respects.（C）Dogs began to branch out from wolves tens of thousands of years ago，when their wild ancestors started interacting with humans．Over time，domestication shaped their behavior，andtoday pet dogs are especially expert at understanding cues(暗示)from humans．For example，when a person points at a bowl，a pet dog will usually approach it．All kinds of complex pointing gestures have been tried with pet dogs，and they seem to do wel1．Wolves are a different story，however．When the same experiments are done with wolves，they seem to be quite poor at it．So there’s this big open question of how dogs became dogs．Bhadra，an Indian behavioral biologist，is interested in whether dogs require training to understand cues like pointing or if the behavior is inborn．Most studies have focused on pet dogs in developed countries but Bhadra thinks it’s an error to neglect how stray dogs respond to human cues．In India，there’s a huge population of stray dogs that live on the streets for generations．The researchers felt that the free-ranging dogs were a very nice system，which could give them inputs about what dogs could have been like before being made parts of human families．For the study，the researchers approached stray dogs on the Indian streets．One experimenter presented the dogs with a piece of raw chicken in a plastic bowl．About half of the time，the dogs ran away，scared．But the friendlier dogs that stuck around were tested for their ability to respond to pointing．Once a dog proved interested，the first experimenter put chicken in one of two bowls and covered both bowls．A second experimenter，who had no knowledge of which bowl contained the meat and thus couldn’t give subconscious cue information，pointed at one of the bowls while the dog watched．About 80 percent actually followed the point and went to the bowl that the second experimenter pointed toward．Bhadra thinks this demonstration provides evidence that training is not required for dogs to understand complex pointing cues．Perhaps further studies with stray dogs can help reveal more about what makes dogs the best friends of human beings．1．What does the example in paragraph 1 show about pet dogs?A．They can figure out some human gestures．B．They’re particularly attached to their owners．C．They may make sense of specific human speech．D．They’re easily distinguished from wolves in intelligence．2．What does the underlined word“neglect”in paragraph 3 mean?A．Ignore．B．Estimate．C．Guarantee．D．Claim．3．How did the second experimenter give dogs directions?A．By mistake．B．In a logical manner．C．At random．D．Through trial and error．4．In which section of a newspaper can we read the text?A．Environment．B．Technology．C．Discovery．D．Chemistry．（D）A New Zealand council （市议会）has announced a month-long road closure in order to allow a sea lion and her pup to reach the ocean safely.John Wilson Ocean Drive in Dunedin will be closed after the New Zealand sea lions made their home at a nearby golf course （球场）and started "regularly crossing the road to get to the beach," according to a Facebook post from Dunedin City Council.“You can still visit the area on foot or by bicycle, but please give the sea lions lots of space," continued the post.Locals applauded the decision, and one even called for the closure to be made permanent.“No dogs should be on the beach, either," wrote Gaylene Smith. "We need to protect our beautiful sea life?"Dogs are known to attack sea lions, and Chisholm Links Golf Course, where the sea lions have made their home, also posted advice to dog walkers in a Facebook update."We're lucky to have sea lions on our coastline and we need to share the space with them, as this is what makes our coastline so unique!" wrote the course on Facebook.The council went on to explain that New Zealand sea lions are endangered, and are one of the world's rarest species of sea lion.There are an estimated 12,000 New Zealand sea lions left, according to the Department of Conservation. Under local law, anyone who kills a sea lion could face up to two years in prison ora fine of up to NZ$250,000 (US$178,000).1. What decision has the Dunedin City Council made?A. Closing an ocean drive for a month.B. Closing the nearby beach temporarily.C. Forbidding entry into a golf course.D. Forbidding walking dogs outside.2. How did the City Council announce the decision?A. By informing on TV.B. By posting on Facebook.C. By advertising in a newspaper.D. By sending out notices.3. What is the attitude of the local people toward the closure?A. Doubtful.B. Supportive.C. Uncaring.D. Critical.4. What can we learn about New Zealand sea lions from the text?A. They are under legal protection.B. They are a common species.C. They are afraid of humans.D. They are being killed by dogs.（E）More than one in five species of maple trees faces extinction, a shocking new report has revealed.The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due to urban development, timber (木对木）harvesting, and agricultural expansion. ’’Time is running out for the world’s biodiversity,” said Douglas Justice, associate director at the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden. "Every recent survey of plants and animals in the wild points to this." He continued, “This is happening nearly everywhere that rarer maples exist. And because of climate change, the narrow habitats that support species at the tops of mountains are quickly disappearing."The trees can be found in sub-tropical and tropical (赤道的）regions, as far south as Indonesia. The only species found in the UK, the field maple is not under threat. Not only are the trees a popular ornamental (装饰的）feature in parks and public spaces, but also they are a key part of the natural ecosystem in woodlands, as well as being an important timber crop in several countries.China is home to the largest proportion (比例）of maples with 92 species. It has seen anumber of trees become endangered due to urban expansion. Some 14 of the 23 maple trees at risk of extinction in the country are only found in China and have small populations and limited geographical ranges. “We still have an opportunity to save species from disappearance, but it will take expertise, resources and the cooperative efforts by the world's botanical gardens to make it work," Justice added.One species in Mexico, the Acer binzayedii, is in "desperate need of conversation" despite only being discovered in 2017. "It is at risk from climate change in its cloud forest habitat and threatened by grazing, logging, and forest fires,*' the report adds. The report recommends developing conversation plans, monitoring species currently not at risk to ensure populations are maintained (保持），and adding those missing maple species to seed banks and the like.BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conversation International) is now establishing a conversation program to address the conservation needs of maple species. Maple specialists will work together to develop comprehensive strategies to manage and deliver conservation action points for the species.1. What is the major reason for maple trees' distinction?A. A lack of scientific research.B. The rarity of the new species .C. The losses of their habitats.D. Problems with the distribution.2. What’s Justice's attitude to saving maple trees?A. Hopeful.B. Skeptical.C. Reserved.D. Negative.3. What are the last two paragraphs intended to tell us?A. There is no guarantee of maintaining the tree populations.B. It can never be too late to join hands to protect the species.C. All maple trees of the species are on the edge of extinction.D. Effective measures should be taken to conserve maple trees.4. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Time is running out for maple treesB. Maple trees are vital to the ecosystemC. Maple trees will stand tall in natureD. Climate change puts maple trees at risk（F）White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are known as a gorgeous tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with plastic wastes like abandoned plastic water bottles, toothbrushes, and cigarette lighters.Jennifer Lavers, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes, and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However, other plastics, especially disposable (一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles (栏架) are, something has to be done.Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why don’t we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?”asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Let’s carry around reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is.”Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also generally believed that only with international rules can such a deep-rooted, common, and worldwide scourge(灾害) be tackled.However, the U.N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn’t paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean.Nowadays, fish are eating plenty of plastics, and people eat those fish. It remains unrevealed how it will affect human health, but clearly the amount of plastics used has increased many timesin the last several decades, and if this tendency goes on, by 2050 an enormous amount of carbon will be released into the already carbon-saturated (碳饱和的) skies.1. Why does the author write about the Cocos Islands at the beginning of the text?A. To tell the story of the islands.B. To appreciate the islands.C. To introduce a scientific study.D. To introduce the problem of plastic pollution.2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?A. People don’t care about the problem.B. The problem is too serious to deal with.C. Action must be taken however difficult the problem is.D. The problem is as difficult as jumping over tall hurdles.3. According to the text, what is the U.N.’s attitude toward plastic pollution?A. Unconcerned.B. Optimistic.C. Enthusiastic.D. Cautious.4. What is the best title for the text?A. The Beautiful Cocos IslandsB. Plastic Pollution on Cocos IslandsC. Scientific Research on PlasticsD. The Problems Caused by Disposable Plastics参考答案A.CDBCB.ACBCC.AACCD.ABBAE.CADAF.DCAB。

备战2021年高考英语篇章体裁分类专项训练专题02 说明文（二）话题：一、完形填空People are always asking what the most important element to a healthy relationship is. The 1 is there are many. But there is one really important thing that all great and healthy relationships have in common— 2 . Yes, of course, there are some little 3 lies even in the best of relationships— 4 surprises or unexpected birthday parties—but the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly and don’t 5 to protect their own interests. So how can you have more open 6 in your own relationship?First, remember that honesty is the best policy even 7 your partner might not like what you have to say. Yes, it may be 8 to tell your guy that you don’t like one of his friends. But lying or holding things 9 will make things worse in the long run.The next thing to be 10 is to say what you have to say 11 . If your partner feels 12 ,he will be less13 to what you have to say and may even become defensive. Your delivery is of utmost importance when you are discussing sensitive issues. Think through what you want to say 14 before youbring it up. You don’t want to 15 the person that you love. You just want them to be 16 of the truth.One last thing to keep in mind about communicating openly is that it enhances your relationship. If you aren’t honest about any dirty little 17 you may have, they will probably come up eventually and 18 you in the backside. And if you keep things to yourself, your relationship will not be based on the truth, which19 a solid foundation. Hard20 the truth may be sometimes, honesty really is the best policy.1．A．phenomenon B．truth C．theory D．evidence2．A．honesty B．enthusiasm C．cooperation D．persistence3．A．red B．purple C．white D．black4．A．security B．privilege C．anniversary D．ambition5．A．lie B．bargain C．complain D．interact6．A．appreciation B．reputation C．selection D．communication7．A．why B．when C．how D．where8．A．tough B．immediate C．complicated D．plain9．A．in B．on C．above D．back10．A．serious about B．proud of C．expert at D．worthy of11．A．obviously B．rudely C．nicely D．smoothly12．A．puzzled B．attacked C．astonished D．satisfied13．A．creative B．relative C．sensitive D．receptive14．A．slightly B．thoroughly C．frequently D．briefly15．A．suspect B．convince C．insult D．frighten16．A．afraid B．aware C．ashamed D．capable17．A．uniforms B．secrets C．blankets D．courts18．A．train B．consult C．understand D．bite19．A．picks out B．turns on C．makes for D．comes across20．A．although B．while C．until D．as二、阅读选择AArbeia Roman Fort (城堡) and MuseumLocation and HistoryArbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian’s Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian’s Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.The ReconstructionsThe reconstructions of the Commanding Officer’s house and soldiers’ quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer’s house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.The MuseumVisit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones (墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a “hands-on” area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.Opening Times and Getting ThereApril 1-October 31:Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm.November 1-March 31:Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed December 25-26 and January 1)Entry is free.Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.Website:/arbeia21．According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort ______.A. was related to the militaryB. got reconstructions around AD 160C. was built in a small area in RomeD. provided a comfortable life for soldiers22．What can visitors do in the museum?A. See historical objects.B. Build tombstones for the dead.C. Write to ancient Romans.D. Try using old tools and weapons.23. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close?A. On April 1.B. On October 31.C. On November 1.D. On December 26.BYou know that old saying that laughter is the best medicine. Well, studies have long shown that laughter can have a positive effect both physically and emotionally. In South Korea, a nation more used to holding back its emotions, at least one hospital is encouraging patients to let loose on their regular basis.Laughing, for those cancer patients and their families, is a weekly exercise at Seoul National University hospital. It is something that does not come easy for them, but an hour of laughter therapy (疗法）is all it takes to fight depression that often follows chemical treatment. Lim Song Li, a therapist at the hospital, was once a depression patient herself. She now is a laughter therapist and says when you laugh, blood vessels expand,and sugar levels drop, producing an abundance of hormones (激素）linked with happiness and pleasure. But in Korean culture,where Confucian tradition dominates(主导）social behavior,laughing is not a nature thing. Korean men are taught not to cry more than three times in their lifetime. And the sound of a Korean woman's laughter should not be heard outside the fence of her home. But inside this hospital,they are letting it out. By the end of the session, they make belief laughs somehow become their own.If laughing requires effort,more natural to Koreans, it is singing. The sing-song star therapist, famous for her therapy sessions to fight housewife depression,Jeong Ji Song says singing is an easier way to express inner feelings,especially for Korean women brought up in the conservative background. For some,these classes can be a stress-management tool,but for many more who suffer from depression, learning to sing out their heart can be a healing process.It not only helped Ying Seung Woo come out of severe depression, but also presented her with a new career. After taking up singing therapy, she found a talent in herself-cheer-leading. And now she is taking courses to become a certified therapist.24.The author mentions South Korea to show.A．there are few people suffering from depression in South KoreaB．laughter has a positive influence on Korean women' s healthC．people in South Korea are used to expressing their inner feelingsD．people in South Korea have attempted to use laughter therapy25. Why does the hospital encourage patients to laugh?A. Laughter can help ease patients' pain.ughing can help patients fight depression.C. Laughter is a natural thing in the Korean society.D. Laughing is not allowed in the Korean tradition.26. What does the underlined word “healing” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Curing. B．Controlling. C．Suffering. D．Fighting.CAs doctors and nurses struggle for medical supplies to fight coronavirus pandemic,help is coming from an unlikely place﹣high school students. The Careen Technical Education Charter High Scholl（CTEC）,US,has been using its nine 3D printers to make face masks for healthcare workers on the frontline.Face masks have been particularly challenging to find across the US since the outbreak Valerie Castro,16, a CTEC student,is part of a team of teachers and students who came up with improvement that cut almost 30 minutes off the time it takes to build a face mask."That's what makes this school kind of different. " Gavin Newsom, Governor of the State of California, said. "Even though all these bad things are happening，we're able to make an impact positively. It's like leaving your little mark on the world. " Makerbot，a New York﹣based company that makes 3D printers, has also helped CTEC to maximize the building process. They've been churning out nearly 100 masks each day, and that production rate is set to be three times as 20 more 3D printers come online at the school.CTEC staff and students have provided masks to hospitals, dentists, urgent care centers and retirement homes in Fresno County and the surrounding areas in California. "I was shocked," Stacy V ohra told school staff in video. "We were so thrilled to have the donation from CTEC. This is something that we've been needing. ""The entire staff has switched from daily teaching to face mask production，" said Jonathan Delano, director of CTEC. "When the new 3D printers arrive, some of them will go to students' houses so kids can help with the hands ﹣on process. ""That's how we get through these things, " Delano said. "Our high school focuses on giving back to society. Students should know the skills they hold can have an impact on a community. "27．What can we learn from the passage?A. High School students are expected to help make face masks in the U. S.B. Valeria alone helps speed up the production of 3D face masks in CTEC.C. The act of the students in CTEC is highly thought of by Gavin.D. Makerbot helps CTEC to build a factory for making 3D face masks.28．What does the underlined phrase "churning out" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. producing massiveB. selling quicklyC. importing legallyD. exchanging equally29．How do people feel to receive the donation from CTEC?A. Shocked and embarrassed.B. Astonished and excited.C. Disappointed and frustrated.D. Inspired and joyful.30．What's the main idea of this passage?A. Teenagers helped design face masks.B. 3D printing technology was used to produce face masks.C．A high school made donations to fight the pandemic.D. A high school made contributions by producing 3D face masks.三、七选五If you’re tired of freestyle walking programs, you may be interested in leaming how to racewalk. Or you want to pick up speed. Or maybe you have a desire for competition. 31．, racewalking is a good choice for you.As you begin to racewalk, it is important to concentrate more on movement than on speed. Speed will come later, as you master the movement skills of racewalking. And you can begin to increase your speed once you feel comfortable with the actions of racewalking. Be sure, however, to increase your speed gradually. 32．.Racewalking can increase your walking exercise. You can experience this in person. Try walking as fast as you can, and youll feel your body eager to jog. 33．, you have to keep one foot on the ground at all times. While you are jogging, both feet are off the ground at some point, which allows you to cover more distance with one step. So in order to cover the same distance, you have to take more steps than you would if you were jogging.34．. Before you begin exercising, you need to warm up your body and relax your muscles (肌肉). 35．. It is necessary to cool down in the end. If you ignore these steps, you may suffer muscle pain and even injury.A．No matter what the reason isB．In order to walk at high speedsC．The same is true after each exerciseD．Always keep safety in mind when racewalkingE.In order to continue walking and not to break into a jogF.Don’t push too hard or walk to the point of being tired outG.It is more efficient to warm up your body before exercise四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

高考英语说明文阅读理解专项训练说明文专项训练（1）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文有助睡眠的发明297 ★★★6分钟Do you want a better life? The inventors have come up with many new ideas, which are designed to help us with our everyday life.The Balluga BedThe Balluga Bed is a smart bed with adjustable firmness, temperature control and a built-in massage(按摩) system, all with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity. The smart bed can massage you to sleep in a comfortable way. If you have trouble sleeping, why not have a try?The HydroGuardThe HydroGuard invention is a reusable flood protection device (设备) that can be quickly put in place by homeowners. It fits any door type a nd is expandable, meaning the unit expands to fit any door size. It works by sealing the door and prevents water from being able to get through.The Sg-easy GlovesThe Sq-easy Gloves, washing-up and cleaning gloves, are fitted with a built-in refillable soap container. As wearers wash up, they can squeeze a small bit of liquid to produce more suds (泡沫). The Sq-easy Gloves have also developed a family function for parents to use while bathing their children-removing the need to hold the child in one hand and use shampoo in another.The Beach Bag PlusWould you like to go traveling? The Beach Bag Plus will help you a lot. It's a beach bag that amazes a beach lover with a cool bag, wet pockets and secret pockets for valuables. The bag is now on sale online with Bunker Bound.解析：这是一篇说明文。

9. What did Dr Runkle find out?
A. The workforce was ageing rapidly.
B. Wearable heat sensors lacked great accuracy.
C. Employers attached little importance to heat exhaustion.
【精选真题01】
（2022·河南中原名校联考）
Heat can kill. It lowers a worker’s ability to concentrate and leads to notable increases in workplace injuries, research suggests.
D. How Were Body Temperature Monitors Invented?
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是减少户外工作的员工中暑风险的两种新技术。
【解析】
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Outdoor workers, notably those within the construction and agricultural industry, are the most affected by rising heat.(户外工作人员，尤其是建筑业和农业行业的工作人员，受高温影响最大。)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“即使是世界上最健康的人也容易受影响，就像奥运会运动员在东京的高温中倒下一样”，划线词impressionable的意思是“容易受影响”，和Easily influenced意思相近，故选C。
B. To show their employers are responsible.

2020-2021高考英语阅读之说明文训练（二）（A）Zero-emission large passenger aircraft powered by hydrogen will be technically available in five years, according to Airbus, but they will not enter service for at least a decade as the price of the fuel needs to come down.The prediction comes from Glenn Llewellyn, vice-president of zero-emission technology at the pan-European plane-maker. He said that while Airbus planned to demonstrate hydrogen-powered aircraft in 2025, over the next 10 years, hydrogen won't be more economic than the fossil fuel equivalent. “To make real emissions free hydrogen-powered planes, which give out only water and heat, their fuel needs to come from hydrogen produced via renewable sources such as wind and solar,” he added. Another barrier is buildin g up the ecosystem that hydrogen aircraft will need”.However, Mr Llewellyn predicted that there was enough interest in the sector to make this happen. In an interview, Mr Llewellyn said, “We already see massive increases in the amount of renewable energy being produced across the world. Wind energy production has multiplied by two over the last five years and solar energy production has multiplied by four.” He added, “There are a number of independent institutes that have mapped out how hydrogen costs can come down over the next decades. We see a 30% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs in 2030 compared to where it is today, and a 50% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs by 2050. They are exactly the kind of cost figures that are interesting for us, because it makes zeroemission aircraft commercially viable （可行的）in the 2030s.”Last month UK-based Zero A via conducted the world’s first flight of a commercial - grade aircraft powered by hydrogen. A few days before, Airbus announced a series of design proposals for hydrogen-driven aircraft, including a “blended wing” concept that provides greater storage capacity. This design could be key to hydrogen-powered aircraft as the fuel is less energy dense （密度大）than conventional fuel and so requires more space to match performance of existing airplanes.1．Which can be the suitable title for the text?A．A prediction about Zero-emission aircraft.B．Zero-emission large aircraft will be available.C．How Zero-emission large aircraft will be made.D．The barriers to make Zero-emission large aircraft.2．What does Paragraph 2 focus on?A．The future to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.B．The importance to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.C．The problems to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.D．The possibility to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.3．What does the underlined word “capacity" in the last paragraph mean?A．Space. B．Ability. C．Place. D．Capability. 4．What is Mr Llewellyn's attitude towards the future of Zero-emission large aircraft?A．Cautious. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.（B）“The pile of ice is so thick; it extends more than 10, 000 feet above the ocean. And if all that ice were to melt and go into the ocean, global sea levels would rise by about 24 feet everywhere around the world,” said Jason Briner, a geologist who stu dies the ice sheet in Greenland at the University of Buffalo. The ice sheet of the biggest island in the world is melting, and the ice sheet that sits atop it is massive. The ice sheet is melting, of course. But just how much, compared to the past?Briner’s team did a computer simulation (模拟) of the southwest part of the Greenland ice sheet —which he says is a good indicator for ice melting across the entire ice sheet. The researchers plugged past climate data into that model to “hindcast,” rather than for ecast, the past activity of the ice sheet. They then checked the model’s predictions of the past shape and size of the ice sheet by looking at piles of rocks and dirt on Greenland today, which outline the edges of ancient ice. And the simulation was in good agreement with the actual situation.Using that reconstruction of the ice sheet over time, the team could compare the ice sheet’s historic losses to those happening today under human-caused global warming. And they determined that Greenland is on track to lose more ice this century than during any century in the past 12,000 years — possibly four times as much.Finally, it’s up to us how much ice actually melts. If the world goes net carbon zero by 2100, for example, Briner says ice loss could stop entirely at the end of the century, according to one model. “That was what kept me from being completely depressed about our study.” Dozens of countries have already announced goals to go net zero by the middle of this century — so far the U. S. is not one of them.1．What do we know about the Greenland ice sheet?A．It is as thick as over 10,000 feet.B．It is becoming smaller and smaller.C．It has raised sea levels by 24 feet.D．It is the largest ice sheet in the world.2．How did Briner’s team conduct their researc h?A．By modeling part of the ice sheet on computer.B．By doing a simulation of the whole ice sheet.C．By studying the ancient rocks and dirt.D．By forecasting the future climate change.3．What can we infer about the Greenland ice sheet in the last paragraph?A．Its status has already been acknowledged.B．Its growth can be improved by the model.C．The speed of its melting will be increasingly fast.D．The extent of its loss depends on human activities.4．What is the best title for the text?A．Rising Global Sea LevelsB．Climate Change is Speeding UpC．Greenland — the Biggest Island is MeltingD．Net Carbon Zero — a Global Goal by 2100（C）If businesses are to get workers back into the office, finding ways to keep social distancing(社会隔离)will be important. An Israeli company thinks it can help, using smart sensors installed on workplace ceilings.PointGrab developed its technology before COVID-19 to help workspace managers optimize(优化)how employees use office space. About the size of a smoke alarm, the sensors can record the exact number and location of people in buildings including offices, hotels and restaurants. One of the company's first clients was Deloitte, which installed the system at its London office last year. PointGrab s sensors were connected to screens in the building to show the availability（利用率)of desks and shared areas in real time. PointGrab CEO Doron Shachar says it was one of a series of innovations that helped Deloitte fit 30% more people into 3% less space.Now to prevent the coronavirus spreading face to face, PointGrab has adapted the technology to some degree so the sensors can also monitor social distancing by keeping track of how far apart people are, and whether they're traveling in one direction around a building. Workspace managers can set up alarm for when two people are closer than two meters for more than 30 seconds, for example. The sensors have been included in the “six feet office” concept created by a company Cushman & Wakefield to encourage employees to practice social distancing. They are currently being used in this way at a university in the Netherlands, and at an innovation centre in Belgium. While the social distancing innovation is new, PointGrab has installed more than 10, 000 sensors for workspace optimization, including in the offices of Coca-Cola, Facebook and Dell.Workers might not like the idea of being monitored, but PointGrab says no images or identifying features are recorded. Instead, each employee is represented as a dot on a screen. “The sensor does not violate peo ple’s privacy,” Shachar says. This is extremely important in the workspace.1．What were the sensors used to do before COVID-19?A．To identify employees. B．To record locations.C．To keep track of employees. D．To make better use of office space. 2．What does the underlined word “adapted” probably mean in Paragraph 3?A．Introduced. B．Adjusted.C．Formed. D．Boomed.3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Smart sensors give away people’s privacy.B．PointGrab is in good conditions.C．Workers are in favor of the company management.D．Worker appearance will not show clearly on the screen.4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．How we can get workers back into their officeB．How we can improve the employees’ efficiencyC．Smart sensors make office social distancing easierD．Smart sensors are a key technological innovation（D）If you walked by James Fasulo’s bedroom, in Queens, New York, you might hear the 8-year-old talking. You might think he was speaking with a friend, or with his 4-year-old sister, Anna. More likely, James would be talking to his smart speaker, an Echo Dot. “I use it daily,” he says.James often asks his Dot to tell jokes, report the time and temperature, and play music. And his sister? “She asks it to play songs from Frozen,” he says.As of December 2017, there were about 67 million smart speakers in households in the United States, according to a study by National Public Radio and Edison Research. A year later, that number had jumped to nearly 119 million. That’s a 78% i ncrease.“Families are very interested in trying these products,” says Caroline Knorr of Common Sense Media. Kids like James and Anna also love that they are fun.Smart speakers include devices (设备) such as Google Home and Amazon Echo. Common Sense Media made a survey of more than 1, 000 parents with kids ages 2 to 8. The survey asked about how kids use smart speakers. It also asked about privacy.Nearly half of the parents said their kids use the speakers, and half of those kids use them daily. Of parents who have, at some point, turned off a smart speaker’s microphone (麦克风), about one-third of them did it because they didn’t trust the device.“A smart speaker might behave like a human in some of the ways it answers us,” says Florian Schaub, an assistant pr ofessor at the University of Michigan School of Information. “But that’s really a company collecting data (数据) about you. Everything you say to a smart speaker is recorded by these companies.”“Companies use the recordings in different ways,” Schaub says, “such as to personalizeservice or decide which ads to play.” If users don’t like this, he suggests they mute the speaker when it’s not in use and consider setting privacy controls.James Fasulo says he doesn’t worry about privacy. But his mom, Nancy Ellwo od, does. “Sometimes, the speaker flashes (闪现) its lights when we’re not talking directly to it, ” she says. “I wonder what it’s doing.”1．What do we know about James Fasulo’s Echo Dot?A．It can move around freely.B．It can be controlled by voice.C．It is mainly used to play music.D．It is shaped like a human being.2．What did the survey by Common Sense Media find out?A．Smart speakers are less helpful for kids.B．Google Home is smarter than Amazon Echo.C．Some users have less trust in smart speakers.D．Smart speaker users have rapidly increased in number.3．What does the underlined word “mute” in Paragraph 8 probably mean?A．Fix up. B．Talk to.C．Turn off. D．Research into.4．Who cares more about privacy?A．Anna Fasulo. B．James Fasulo.C．Caroline Knorr. D．Nancy Ellwood.（E）According to some researchers, you should not praise children for everything that they do. It does not help them build self-confidence.Most parents and teachers agree that praise can help increase children's self-confidence —the more, the better. However, according to some researchers, only proper praise is good for children. If adults praise everything children do, it makes children look for praise all the time, not trying to do their best. "Teachers should not say things like ʽgood job' or ʽnice work' whenever achild does anything. They should encourage them to continue to improve," some researchers advise.Another idea is that children with high self-confidence are happier, and do better at school. About this, Marshall Duke, a researcher in children, says, "High self-confidence brought in by too much praise does not make children happier, get more, or become able to do more. Finding a child's advantages and developing them can help build confidence more than too much praise can." Praise also loses its effect if it is given equally to all students."It's important to tell children the truth about what they've done. Honest feedback is far better than empty praise," Duke adds. "People have got into the habit of not telling children when they're wrong. That makes it hard for them to deal with difficulties when they grow up. That's just how the world is."1.According to some researchers, if parents praise their children too much, their children will______.A.become strongB.increase self-confidenceC.do better in their studiesD.always look for praise2.In order to help children build self-confidence, some researchers advise teachers to ______.A.make them live more happilyB.let them do more difficult workC.encourage them to improveD.help them do better in school3.Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?A.Praise makes children become successful.B.The same praise for all children has no meaning.C.Children don't know what they're really good at.D.Duke thinks praise is more important than finding children's strengths.4.What is the last paragraph about?A.What children with high self-confidence are like.B.It's important to have the habit of praising children.C.Children should know their mistakes as soon as possible.D.We should praise children honestly and tell them their mistakes.参考答案：A1．B。

高二英语说明文写作练习题40题1.请描述一位你敬佩的老师。

写作提示：可以从外貌、性格、教学方法等方面进行描述。

- He is tall and thin.- He has short hair.- He is kind and patient.- He is strict and serious.答案：He is kind and patient.。

本题要求描述一位敬佩的老师，kind and patient（ 和蔼且有耐心）的老师通常更受学生喜爱和敬佩。

而tall and thin（又高又瘦）和has short hair（有短发）只是外貌特征，strict and serious（ 严格且严肃）可能会让学生感到有压力，不太符合“敬佩”的情感倾向。

2.介绍你的一位好朋友。

写作提示：包括兴趣爱好、优点、你们之间的故事等。

- She likes reading books.- She is good at singing.- She is helpful and friendly.- She is lazy and unfriendly.答案：She is helpful and friendly.。

好朋友通常具有积极的品质，helpful and friendly（ 乐于助人且友好）符合好朋友的特点。

likes reading books（喜欢读书）和is good at singing（擅长唱歌）只是兴趣爱好和特长，lazy and unfriendly 懒惰且不友好）不符合好朋友的定义。

3.描述一位著名的科学家。

写作提示：介绍其成就、贡献、品质等。

- He made great discoveries in physics.- He won many awards.- He is hardworking and intelligent.- He is arrogant and self-centered.答案：He is hardworking and intelligent.。

第08讲 阅读理解说明文专题养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

说明文类阅读：一、文体特点说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序（如时间、空间、从现象到本质）进行说明。

说明文的特点是客观、简练、语言准确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。

阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。

说明文的选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。

二、命题趋势考向一 细节理解题细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。

但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。

考向二 语意猜测题说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。

命题方式多以the underlined part … in paragraph…refers内容要求 说明文阅读 1.说明文文体特点2.说明文命题趋势3.说明文解题策略知识讲解学习目标to…或what does the underlined word mean?或what is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。

考向三主旨大意题说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。

即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。

主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。