概括大意与完成句子--职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义4

职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（4）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（4）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（4）1.paragraph 22.paragraph 33.paragraph 44.paragraph 5a.building materialsb.need of greater building varieties in modern lifec.restoration of ancient civilizationsd.evolution in stylee.factors affecting modern architecturef.a social artvariety种类, 式样restoration恢复，还原civilization文明evolution演化，进化1.architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. the best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. they then survive not only asbeautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. these achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. architecture is a social art.2.the renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. in architecture, the principles and styles of ancient greece and rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. they remain dominant until the 20th century.renaissance文艺复兴age 世纪visual art 视觉艺术dominant 主要的，控制的remain 保持，保留theybring back to life 还原，恢复，使再生。

第三部分概括大意与完成句子概括大意●文章及段落结构有三种：总述---分述：主题句在段首分述---总述：主题句在段尾分述---分述---分述，但主题词贯穿●四种正确选项关键词的设计----- 借用段落主题词----- 段落主题词改变词性----- 利用段落主题词的同义词----- 利用一新词对段落主题（主题句意/主题词）进行概括常用的概括词：way, use, definition, culture, history, explanation, finding, relationship, type, effect, factor, clue, comparison, significance, benefit, importance, composition, advantage, comment, contrast, basics, measure, action, indication, classification, criticism, effort, feature, discovery, description, difference, association, birth, means, origin, conclusion.完成句子题干是一段原文全部或部分内容的精华缩写；●空格部分主要测试考生的归纳、概括能力，及通过上下文判断生词或跃过生词理解全文的能力；●两种测试方式：原文原词和等语境同义改写。

等语境同义改写：指题干的空格处应填上的单词或词组短语意群是对原文某个信息点的同义改写或对原文某些信息点的总结与归纳。

2010年考试真题分析Natural Gas（AB级）1（27）Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface.It is a fossil fuel（矿物质燃料），meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施） has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U.S.，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)考查考生把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求考生根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求考生在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。

概括大意与完成句子答题技巧：此部分考察对文章的理解程度，答题时可先快速浏览全文，了解全文的主旨，然后围绕主旨去分析每一段的意思，保证意思理解不会偏离主旨，这样就完成概括大意。

完成句子在于根据上下文意思，补充句子，抓住主旨，找到最贴近主旨和上下文的内容，补充即可。

How We Form First lmpression 对别人的第一印象是怎样形成的We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ，gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain maysay，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong4When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.词汇:trait /trei，treit/n. 特点，特征，特性 hostn. 一大群，许多simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 过分单纯化的sensory adj. 感官的，感觉的categorical adj. 绝对的 cortex n. 脑皮层Jock n. 骗子 ethnicity n. 种族特点geek /gi:k / n. 反常的人intrigue /in'tri:g/ v. 激起兴趣stereotype v. 对……产生成见 freak /fri:k/ n. 怪人humane /hju:'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的注释:1. Your brain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 从even 开始到as different 是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... ，而 that 是与主句中的 so 呼应的。

2020职称英语《综合类》概括大意与完成句子练习题42020职称英语《综合类》概括大意与完成句子训练4阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。

EarthquakeEvery year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.There are about a million quakes a year.Fortunately,however,not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the RichterScale,which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number ofreasons,two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth s crust and continental drift.In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes,scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record,for example,shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time,location and size of an earthquake.Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals,the changes in the content of mineral water,etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.EXERCISE：1、Paragraph 2_____.2、Paragraph 3_____.3、Paragraph 4_____.4、Paragraph 5_____.A.Earthquakes forecastB.Historical records of earthquakesC.Intensities of earthquakesD.Cause of earthquakesE.Indications of earthquakesF.Damaging earthquakes5、Not all damage during an earthquake is caused ____.6、Not all earthquakes are strong enough ___.7、Scientists have been working hard to warn people ___.8、Earthquakes can be predicted by observing ___.A.by the quake itselfB.not be preventedC.to cause damage of property and loss of livesD.of a possible earthquakeE.the unusual behaviors of some animalsF.the strong behaviors of human beingsKEY： C D A E A C D Ethe Alps：阿尔卑斯山landslide：滑坡the Richter Scale：里氏震级The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9.迄今为止记录到的震级为8.9级。

职称英语考试概括大意与完成句子解题步骤一、概括大意职称英语考试概括大意题型要求：文章由若干段组成，要求给每段找一个小标题。

小标题即该段的段落大意、中心思想、主旨。

本题型不是要求写出每段话的小标题，这样不好评判对错，而是要求从选项列表中选择。

概括大意题型以选择题的形式出现，避免了考生答题的盲目性和阅卷人员在阅卷过程中由于某些主观因素而产生的错误、误差，从而增进了考试的可信度。

在现在的考试中，选项的数目往往多余要求加小标题的段落数，也就是说，有若干个干扰选项。

（一）概括短文大意的解题步骤由于这种题型比较新颖，对多数考生来说可能有点不适应，不知如何下手。

其实，这种题型相对来说不算难。

概括大意题型的实质是让考生给每段文字“命”一个小标题。

而要“命”车这个标题就必须确定每段文字的主题思想。

如何确定文章的主题思想？考虑一下人们的写作和逻辑思维过程，这个问题就容易回答了。

我们在写一篇短文时，总要分几个段落来写，而每个段落都有自己的一个观点、论点或主旨。

要阐述它，作者就必须展开他的观点或论点，一定要作补充、说明、解释或举例，以支持所提出的问题。

反映作者观点、论点或主旨的句子通常叫主题句。

主题句往往体现了每一段或整个文章的主题思想。

那么，找到了段落的主题就抓住了它的主题思想，标题就容易确定了。

看来，要概括出每段的段落大意，就必须先找到每段的主题句。

每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的小标题不可能是同一个选项。

这是因为不同段落的主旨肯定是不同的，原文将它们分为不同的段落，就是要分别说明不同的内容。

如果两段的主旨相同，即表达的中心思想一致，应该将它们合为一段，就没有必要分为两段了。

1.不要先看选项，而要从文章入手，读一段话就做一道题。

先不要看选项，而要先读文章。

读文章的时候，不要一下把文章读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。

这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。

先看大标题，然后仔细阅读每段文字，理解段落的首句及尾句，尽量找到段落的主题句。

第三部分概括大意和完成句子A Strong Greenhouse Gas1. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmosphere, it absorbs heat radiating from Earth’s surface.2. With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world, it’s no surprise that methane released by livestock is one of the chief global sources of the gas.3. Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth’s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen.4. Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than double in the last two centuries.5. Cows munch mostly grasses and hay- yet they grow big and hefty.6. That’s why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.1. paragraph 1 E Methane as a Strong Greenhouse Gas2. Paragraph 2 F Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect3. Paragraph 4 C Agriculture Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere4. Paragraph 5 D Why Livestock Releases Methane5. Methane is A one of the major contributors to the intensifying greenhouse effect.6. Greenhouse gases are indispensable to mankind ,but the problem mankind is faced with is B the ever-increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.7. Generally people heap criticism on F big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles for the planet’s temperature rise.8. Nothing has been mentioned in the passage about E how to cut down the cattle populations.Compact Disks1.If someone says to you your music CDs don’t really hold any music on them, andthey only have numbers recorded on them,you may not belive it.2. A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns.3.Digital codes are used with many technologies.4.There are many types of compact disks.5.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982.6.Science Keeps on developing.1.paragraph 1&2 D CD’sWorking Principle Is Explained2.paragraph 3 A Digital Code Has Wide Applications3.paragraph 4 F CDs Are of Many Formats4.paragraph 5 C CDs Are Durable5.One advantage of CD-RWs is that they can E be written on and rewritten on likefloppy disks.6.The author predicts it will nor B take many more years before a new technologe isinvented for music recording.7.The laser beam-emitting device and the receiver are considerd to C be the keyparts.8.Space probes could not F keep contact with their ground station efficiently.How We Form First Impression1.We all have first impression of someone we just met.2.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world.3.If you see someone you know and like at school3 ,your brain says “familiar andsafe.”4.When we stereotype people,we use a less mature form of thinkingthat makessimplistic and categorical impressions of others.5.However,if we resist initial stereotypical impressions,we have a chance to beaware of what a person is truly like.1.paragraph 2 D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories2.paragraph 3 C IIIustration of First Impression3.paragraph 4 B Comment on First Impression4.paragraph 5 A Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions5.Sensory information is one that is perceived througe E the sights and sounds of theworld6.You interpret D the meaning of incoming sensory information by comparing itagainst the memories already stored in your brain.7.The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking,which is similar toC the immature form of thinking of a cery young child8.We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to B the most complex areasof our coriex.Icy Microbes1.In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years,scientistshave found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing.2. A research team Ied by Peter Doran of the University of lllinots at Chicago drilledthrough more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae.3.Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old,but even oldermicrobes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice.4.Called Lake Vida,the 4.5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes locatedin the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica,some 2,200kilometers due south2 of New Zealand.5.That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a holedown to within a few feet of the water layer.6.The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized.1.paragraph 2 E Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived.2.paragraph 3 A Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in theDeep Ice Sheet.3.paragraph 4 F Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica.4.paragraph 6 D 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens.5.Scientists ignored Lake Vide because they thought that a lake of ice B was of littlescientific value.6.Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet,C maybe older than that collected below 39 feet of ice.7.What the scientists will do in 2004 E is to collect some briny lake water foranalysis.8.The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida A is found to be a greatdeal higher than that of seawater..LED Lighting1 An accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper,longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb.2.Michael Bowers,a graduate student2 ai Vanderbilt University,was just trying to make really small quanturn dots,which are crystals generally only a few nanometets big.3.When you shine a light on quanturn dots or apply electricity to them,they react by producing their own light,normally a bright,vibrant color.4.Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix.5.LEDsproduce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and burn fou over 50,000 hours.6.Quanturn dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything5 and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors,including white.1. paragraph 1 B LED Lighting WillPeplace Traditional Lighting2. paragraph 3 E Bowers Made an Unexpected Discovery3. paragraph 5 D LED Lighting Has Many Advantages4. paragraph 6 C Almost Everything Could Be the Main Light Source in the Future5.Unlike traditional lighting , LEDs do not give out heat so F LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy.6.Edison’s bright invention is likely to be outdated because A traditional lighting is less durable and dearer.7.Something unexpected happened during Bower’s experiment when B a laser excited the quantum dots8.Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if C America adopted LKEDs.More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up’9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night.3.These findings,which Dr.Daniel Kripke reported in the journal psychosomatic Medicine3,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night.4.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep-for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hourseach night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5.For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep question-naires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problem.6.Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.1. paragraph 2 :E.Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers.2. paragraph 4:B.Dangers of Habitual Shoriages of Sleep.3. paragraph 5:A.Kripke’s Research Tool.4. paragraph 6:D.A Way of Overcoming Insomnia.5.To get a good night’s rest,people may not need to F.sleep more than 8 hours.6.Long sleepers are reporied to be more likely to E.suffer sleep problems.7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to A.fall asleep again.8.One survey showed that people who habitually C.sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying.More Rural Research Is Needed1.Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than itdoes now.2.“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must bereversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty , ” he said.3.Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation2 and environmentalproblems.4.The developing world was investing about 0.5%,or $8 billion a year , of itsagricultural gross domestic product(GDP) on5 research, and the developed world was spending 2.5%of its GDP .5.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across manycountries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs Mexico, China or India6 .6.“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of thestrategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently, ” Dr. Fischer said.7.Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years,especially in developing countries.1.paragraph 1 E Increase in Investment on Agricultural Research2.paragraph 3 A The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 20203.paragraph 4 C More Research Funding Needed4.paragraph 7 B Research Focus on Increased Yield5.Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop D when we usemodern technologies and develop new onesnd can be saved for other purposes A if we can drive yield up7.The investment can be regarded as efficient F when strategic research can beutilized worldwide.8.The global decrease in investment should be changed C if we want to fight againstmalnutrition and povertySoot and Snow: a Hot Combination1.New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.2.Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth,where ice is more common,absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy,white background.3.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.4.Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space),which1may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northen Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice,melting glaciers and permafrost.5.”Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus hesting the snow furface more than if there were no black carbon2,”Hansen said.6.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.7.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes.1. paragraph 3:C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot.2. paragraph 4:A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere.3. paragraph 6:F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming.4. paragraph 7:B Observations of Warming in the Climate and the Atmosphere.5. In the twentieth century, soot B contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming.6. Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases E still surpass soot in warming the world’s climate during the last century.7. Black soot covered snow and ice D absorb more of sun’s energy and warmth than white background.8.A soot forcing is unusually effective,which A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude.Screen Test1.Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breastcancer.2.But the medical benefits of screening these younger women arecontroversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. 3.Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect ofscreening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinis.4.The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National RadillogicalProtection Board predicted that the screening programme would cause 36cancers per 100,000women,18 of them fatal.5.The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not verysignificant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered andtreated.6.But they, point out that the risk of women contracting canver from radiation couldbe reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.7.“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and itsrisks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.1.paragraph 2 A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman2.paragraph 3B Investigating the Effect of Screening3.paragraph 4 C Effect Predicted by Two Differernt Models4.paragraph 5D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation5.Early discovery of breast cancer may C save a life6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are D still open to debate7.Delaying the age at which screening staris may E reduce the risk of radiationtriggering a cancer8.Radiation exposure should be F reduced to the minimumThe Mir Space Station1.The Russian Mir Space Station ,which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years ofpioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history.2.During Mir’s lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintainthe station .3.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to fiveyears, on February 20,1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian.4.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits notonly kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.5. A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science.6.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished,1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir.7.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, butMir’s reputation as a space station was ruined.8.Mir’s setbacks are nothing, though5 ,when we compare them with itsaccomplishments.1.paragraph 4 B Rewards Following the US Financial Injection2.paragraph 5 E Mir’s Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space Exploration3.paragraph 6 C Mir’s problem Year4.paragraph 8 A Undeniable Mir’s Achievements5.Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for along time was F quite possible6.In Mir, the US astronauts created E many firsts7.When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are D nothing8.The writer tends to think that Mir was B a great successThe Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1.Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built.2.The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in acarton nanotube..3.The technique exploits the fact that surface tension-the tendency of atoms ormolecules to resist separating-becomes more important at small scales.4.Although the amount of energy produced is small-20 microwatts-it is quiteimpressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor.5.In 1988,Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operatingmicromotor, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair.6.Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom.1.paragraph 2 E The Working Principle of the Nanomotor2.paragraph 4 B A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size3.paragraph 5 D Previous Inventions of Nanoscale Products4.paragraph 6 F Possible Fields of Application in the Future5.Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to Aremove disease6.Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to B resist separating7.Nanoconveyors could be used to F transport nanoscale objects.8.Applying a small electric current causes atoms to C shuffle between two moltenmetal dropletsWashoe Learned American Sign Language1.An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.2.Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe signlanguage in 1966.3.However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movementfrom watching her teachers.4.Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided newinformation about the mental workings of chimpanzees.5.Debate continues about chimps’ understanding of human communication .1.paragraph 1 C General Information about Washoe2.paragraph 2 B Report about Washoe ’s Progress in learning Sign Language3.paragraph 3 E Debate on Chimps’ Intelligence4.paragraph 4 A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This ResearchNowadays.5.Washoe could make signs to communicate C when she wanted to eat6.Some scientists doubted A if the Gardener’s argument was sound7.Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language D while she was at a researchcenter in Ellensburg.8.The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent E because she could use signlanguage to ask for fruits。

一个中心两条路线------------------概括大意和完成句子一、课程回顾和本课学习目的课程回顾之概括大意：1、中心句为主，标题为辅，横纵两向都不误。

中心句为主：中心句是决定答案的关键。

答案是根据中心句而来的，是和中心句对等的。

我们要根据中心句的意思来选择题目答案，这是横向的解题步骤，也是最关键的。

标题为辅：标题可以告诉我们的是文章的行文脉络。

尤其是对于一些说明文，像是卫生类的疾病类文章，理工类得说明类文章。

其次，这一解题的形式还对综合类的人物传记文章有很大的用处。

因为这些文章所讲的内容是可以预见的，比如理工类的说明文，肯定是定义—工作原理—功能—不好的一面。

有时可能中间会插入与历史上其他同类产品相比较的叙述。

这些都是可以帮助我们在不好找中心句时，依靠自己对于行文脉络的掌握，从选项内容进行判断的答案的纵向解题形式。

2、英语文章常见的写作方式：第一种写作方式：开门见山。

这种方式在职称英语中占得比重最多。

第二种写作方式：声东击西，看似说A实际说的是B。

声东击西式又分为“峰回路转”和“抛砖引玉”。

第三种写作方式：归纳总结式，全文没有明显的中心句。

以综合类的文章为主，主要表现就是全段都是某人说的话。

课程回顾之完成句子：1、完成句子的两条路线。

路线一：与顺序出题为伴：借助顺序出题来解答题目。

根据完成句子的特殊性：四个正确的选项均来自原文但却不具有密切相关性，不具有干扰性；其他的两项由于职称英语考试的特点通常也不具有干扰性。

路线二：题干选项两手抓路线：利用选项信息词回归到原文中出题范围，找到出题的句子。

然后将句子和选项进行对比，看哪一项的单词有和题目句子中的单词有重合的，就是答案。

2、完成句子的辅助锦囊：以概括大意为突破点，解决完成句子题目。

课程目的：本节课主要是帮助大家熟悉技巧的使用，以2010年的真题为实例验证前面所讲技巧的使用性。

使大家对于技巧的应用有一个更全面的认识和了解。

能够更好的使用技巧。

职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（3）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（3）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（3）1.paragraph 3 ____2.paragraph 4 ____3.paragraph 5 ____4.paragraph 6 ____a.the cost of convenienceb.a surprising answer given by the economistsc.the effect of inflationd.middlemen s limited share in the additional profite.farmers denial of increased profitf.housewives need to find jobsconvenience=simplicityconvenient=simpleadditional=附加的profit利益denial否认deny v. 否认1.in 1959 the average american family paid $989 for a years supply of food. in 1972 the family paid $1,311. that was a price increase of nearly one-third. every family has had this sort of experience. everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. but there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. who is really responsible?2.many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. according to the us department of agriculture, the farmer s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. this was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in 1959.3.but farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. they particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. these include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. they are among the middlemen who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?blame责备to blame for对负责问题：1.paragraph 3___e___答案：e.farmers denial of increased profit4.of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlemen received $790, which was 33 per cent more than they had received in 1959. it appears that the middlemen s profit has increased more than farmer s. but some economists claim that the middleman s actual profit was very low. according to economists at the first national city bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. during the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent. by comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.compare with 和做比较comparison n. 比较问题：2.paragraph 4___d___答案：d.middlemen s limited share in the additional profit5.who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? the economists at first national city bank have ananswer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. these economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. they say that food costs more now because women don t want to spend much time in the kitchen. women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.问题：3.paragraph 5___b___答案：b.a surprising answer given by the economistsprefer to do sth6.vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. a family should expect to pay more when several tv dinners are taken home from the store. these are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes dessert, all arranged on a metal dish. the dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is dong something else. such a convenience costs money. thus, as economists point out : some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor s plant.other than 而不是问题：4.paragraph 6____a__答案：a.the cost of convenience1 4答案：edba7.economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. they earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. the housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day s work. she wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family s table easily and quickly. if the housewife wants all of these, the economists say, that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier.8.it appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.5.many people agree that food prices have increased sharply but they have failed______a.nor have the middlemenb.to increase the prices for foodc.that they cannot agree on the causes of the increase in pricesd.to agree on the reasons for the increasee.by buying prepared foodf.the popularization of convenience foodfail to do sth.答案：d.to agree on the reasons for the increase6.the farmers have not been benefited very much. ______答案：a.nor have the middlemen7.housewives have to pay for the time they save______答案：e.by buying prepared food8.the economists have come to the conclusion that the cause of increased food prices lies in ______.lie in 位于，在于答案：f.the popularization of convenience foodpopularization n. 流行化，普及5 8答案：daef职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（3）相关内容:。

2020年职称英语真题及答案综合类C概括大意第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23——30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个标题；（2）第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。

Feed the World with Potatoes1. As food prices continue to rise rapidly,there is growing concern about the effect it will have among the world’s poor.2. Increasingly, experts are looking to thepotato as a possible low-cost solution to feeding the hungry. To emphasize the issue, the United Nations has called the potato “a hidden treasure” and named 2008 the International Yearof the Potato. Here’s how potatoes could end the food crisis.3. The potato matures more quickly, on less land and in harsher climate than most other major crops. Up to 85 percent of the plant is eatable, compared with around 50 percent of cereals. Its broad adaptability to a wide variety of farming systems is also note worthy.4. Potatoes are an excellent source of complex carbohydrates, which is release their energy slowly, and have only 5 percent of wheat’ s fat content. They contain only a quarter of the calories of bread and,according to the Potato Center, when boiled, potatoes have more protein and nearly twice the calcium as corn. Additionally, they are good source of vitamin C, iron, potassium（钾）and zinc(锌).5. The food and Agriculture Organization recently surveyed food price inflation in over 70 of the poor countries. Cereal price inflation was much higher and far more widespread than for potatoes. A significant factor behind the potato’ s affordability is the fact that unlike other agriculture products, the potato is not yet a global commodity, and has therefore not attracted speculative investors. Raw potatoes are heavy and carrot during transmit, so global trade has been show to take off. Also, potatoes are susceptible（易受影响的） to infection with disease, hindering(防碍) export. According to analysts’ estimates, less than 5 percent of potatoes are traded internationally, with prices driven primarily by local tastes instead of international demand.23. Paragraph 2__B___24. Paragraph 3__D___25. Paragraph 4__C___26. Paragraph 5__A___A. Potatoes’ Lower InflationB. Major Food CropsC. Healthy FoodD. Higher OutputE. Growing Importance of PotatoesF. High Price27. The potato is cheap because E28. The whole world is concerned about food prices because B29. Many peopleeat potatoes because C30. The potato isnot yet a global commodity because FA. it has remained a controversial issueB. they are rising rapidlyC. they are very nourishingD. nobody eats itE. its yield is highF. raw potatoes can decay easily during transit。

职称英语复习方法之概括大意与完成句子概括大意与完成句子题实际上就是把一篇文章考两遍。

第一遍是考概括大意题，直接到指定段落当中寻找中心主题句的过程。

在考试中，指定四段，但是给六个选项,我们在做题的时候，要用确定中心主题句的位置这种方式。

中心主题句一般会出现段首句的一二句或者是中间。

中间一般会有转折词，像BUT等。

中心主题句中的核心词与选项中出现的单词，他们之间是对应关系。

大家如果明白了对应关系，再做这种题就觉得不难了。

一般会出现以下几种对应关系:一个是单词的复现，选项中A到F出现的单词，可能会在中心主题句当中出现了原封不动的重复出现。

第二，单词发生词性改变。

原来用的是名词，在选项当中用的是副词或者是形容词。

不管怎么变化，它的主干是没有变的。

第三种情况是比较难的现象。

出现了同义词改写。

我们可以用同义词辞典进行解释。

关系到自己总结的时候，要注意观察一下，这个段落当中所出现的重复词。

哪个词频率最高，答案就会是它。

单词复现或者是词性改变，大概是两到三道题。

大家尽可能放心，这种题型在某种意义上是练眼神的。

你只要眼神好，把复现挑出来，基本上做这个题没有什么太大问题。

概括大意解题思路理解文章标题，了解文章主题及文章主题词（偏离文章主题的小标题被选项通常不是答案）；解答问题；1．读小标题被选项，理解各个小标题的语意；2．观察各个小标题在语意上，在结构上，在用词上的相互关系（答案常常出现在有关系的被选项中）；3．找出小标题中的特征词，细节信息词（这些词语通常应该在小标题对应的段落中直接出现）；4．找出小标题中的概括词（这些词语在小标题对应的段落中通常应该有呼应的细节信息）；完成句子解题思路1．读空格前面部分的句子结构，理解其语意，找出结构中可以利用的“线索词”---“特征词”，“细节信息词”，“含有修饰词的结构”；2．利用“线索词”作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句；3．对比问题句及答案相关句的句意，或对比问题句及答案相关句的句子结构，句中用词，对比被选项判断答案.知道上述的方法后大家在做题的时候可以按照上面的做法尝试着去练习,积累经验相信一定会拿下这个得分点.。