中西医结合治疗与护理中风伴意识障碍133例观察
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中风偏瘫患者康复训练的中西医护理研究进展【摘要】中风偏瘫也被叫做半身不遂,是指一侧肢体不能自己控制活动,活动不利或完全不能活动。
偏瘫病人常伴有同侧肢体的感觉障碍如冷热不知、疼痛不觉等。
患中风后,大部分患者都遗留偏瘫,不仅由于生活不能自理给患者带来痛苦,也给家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。
国内外学者近年来对中风偏瘫康复训练的中西医护理研究日益增多。
给予偏瘫患者早期康复训练和中西医护理,能够恢复肢体的部分功能,降低了致残率,提高了患者生活质量。
【关键词】中风偏瘫;康复训练;中西医护理脑中风具有发病率高、死亡率高、致残率高、复发率高等特征,被列为世界医学难题,中风后患者会引起偏瘫。
脑中风偏瘫属于急性脑血管疾病,主要是急性脑血管病引起脑内病变,主要由高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、血脂代谢异常、血液粘滞综合征、吸烟及恶劣气候等危险因素导致急性脑血管病。
中风偏瘫具有发病率高、致残率高、死亡率高的特点,存活患者中约80%-90%有不同程度的功能障碍,严重影响患者的生存质量。
近年来随着脑中风治疗水平的提高、病死率降低,脑中风的早期肢体康复已越来越受到重视。
对中风偏瘫患者,在进行积极药物治疗的同时,早期进行康复训练及中西医护理,有助于加快患者恢复,增强患者的治疗信心,减轻患者及家属的负担,提高患者生活自理能力。
本文就近年来中风偏瘫患者的康复训练的中西医护理研究综述如下。
1 中风偏瘫的早期康复训练偏瘫是脑卒中的常见症状之一,常见于各种脑部病变,是由于脑动脉系统病变引起的血管痉挛、闭塞或破裂,表现为局灶性神经功能缺失,甚至伴发意识障碍。
其中最常见于脑梗死,脑出血等各种脑血管病患者。
轻度偏瘫病人虽然尚能活动,但走起路来常上肢屈曲、下肢伸直,严重影响了肢体功能活动的完成。
中风偏瘫患者早期、正规、全面的综合康复训练,不仅能够最大程度地恢复患者的肢体功能、语言功能,而且能够最大程度地提高患者的日常生活能力,减轻家人护理负担,最大限度地恢复工作能力,最终能够正常的回归家庭、回归社会。
中风的中西医结合护理体会【中图分类号】r47 【文献标识码】a 【文章编号】1672-3783(2011)11-0330-01中风是已猝然昏仆,不省人事,伴口眼㖞斜,语言不利或仅以㖞斜不遂为主症的一种疾病。
中医认为虚、火、风、痰、气、血六端是本病的主要致病因素。
其中以肝肾阴虚为其根本,由于平素气血亏虚,心、肝、脾、肾功能失调,加之忧、思、恼、怒或嗜食肥甘厚味,或房室劳累或外邪侵袭均可导致体内阴阳平衡失调,气血逆乱、蒙蔽清窍、闭阻经络而发为中风。
本病起病急骤,证见多端,变化迅速,所以做好护理工作,对降低死亡率、提高治愈率、减少残废率均有直接影响。
1 急性期1.1 病情观察;要密切注意病情变化,定期观察神志、面色、瞳孔、体温、脉象、血压、呼吸、各种反射等变化,对昏迷病人应注意观察昏迷之程度,以便有针对性的护理。
1.2 一般护理1.2.1 病人要绝对静卧,取平卧位,对脑出血的病人床头垫高15——30厘米,以免气血上逆加重病情,头部放置冰袋或冰帽,以减少出血及昏迷。
1.2.2 防止气道阻塞:松解衣扣,去掉假牙,用舌钳拉出后坠之舌头,防止气道阻塞造成窒息,如患者痰多或伴呕吐,宜将头偏向一侧,以助痰涎及呕吐物外流,并要经常吸痰,防止吸入性及坠积性肺炎,如见患者呼吸迫促,面色指甲青紫,气血失于畅通,应立即吸氧,如呼吸节律异常,应立即做好气管切开的准备。
1.2.3 预防发生外伤:对躁动不安抽搐的病人,要用张口器或压舌板,防止抽搐时咬伤舌头,适当约束病人或加以床栏以防跌扑损伤,用热水袋保温时,水温不能超过50℃,以防烫伤。
2 恢复期2.1 促使功能恢复:肢体功能位,中风患者如无意识障碍,中风后2-3天给其被动肢体活动,并随病情好转,让其逐步过渡到自主运动。
病人能站立时,尽力搀扶其锻炼走路,幅度由小到大,次数由少到多,以防关节僵直和肌肉萎缩。
2.2 饮食调护2.2.1 根据舌苔变化:黄腻苔提示肺胃湿热,宜进半流清淡食物,白腻苔提示脾胃寒湿,适宜进湿热而且易消化食物。
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