并列句和复合句 英语从句

并列句和复合句并列句和复合句是英语中经常使用的两种句子结构。

它们能够使句子更加丰富多样，表达更加准确清晰。

本文将详细介绍并列句和复合句的定义、结构以及使用方法。

一、并列句并列句是由两个或多个独立的句子通过连词连接而成的句子。

它们之间的关系是平等的，没有从属关系。

常见的连词有and、but、or等。

例如：1. I like to play basketball, and my sister prefers swimming.2. The weather is hot today, but we still decided to go hiking.3. You can choose to watch a movie or go shopping.并列句可以通过逗号或者分号来分隔各个句子，也可以通过连词直接连接起来。

需要注意的是，如果句子之间的关系比较紧密，语义上有较强的联系，则使用逗号进行连接；如果句子之间的关系较弱或者需要更强调，则可以使用分号进行连接。

二、复合句复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。

主句是一个完整的句子，从句则依附于主句而存在，从属于主句。

从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或者状语从句。

名词性从句：名词性从句在句子中充当名词的角色，可以作为主语、宾语、表语或者宾补等。

例如：1. What he said is true.（主语从句）2. I believe that you can do it.（宾语从句）3. Her dream is to become a doctor.（表语从句）4. I saw him playing football.（宾补从句）定语从句：定语从句用来修饰前面的名词或代词。

通常由关系代词（who、which、that等）引导。

例如：1. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.2. The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.状语从句：状语从句表示时间、条件、原因、目的、方式等状况，对主句进行补充说明或解释。

英语中的并列句和复合句的区别
并列句和复合句是英语语法中两种不同类型的句子结构。

1. 并列句：
-定义：并列句由两个或更多相互关联的独立子句组成，每个子句都有自己的主语和谓语，并用逗号、分号或连词将它们连接在一起。

-结构：并列句中的子句之间是平等的，没有主次之分，各个子句并列起来，相互独立。

-示例：I like to play tennis, and my brother likes to play soccer.（我喜欢打网球，我哥喜欢踢足球。

）
2. 复合句：
-定义：复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，从句是一个包含主语和谓语的从属结构，不能独立成句。

-结构：复合句中的从句是主句的一部分，从句依附于主句，起到修饰、补充或说明主句意思的作用。

-示例：She went to the supermarket after she finished work.（她工作完成后去了超市。

）
区别：
-结构：并列句中的子句是相互独立的，各自有自己的主谓结构，而复合句中的从句是主句的一部分，不能独立成句。

-逻辑关系：在并列句中，各个子句之间是并列关系，表达的是并列的事实或观点。

而复合句中的从句是主句的修饰、补充或说明，表达的是主次关系或因果关系。

-连接词：在并列句中，子句之间使用逗号、分号或连词（如and、but等）连接；而复合句中，使用从属连词（如when、because、although 等）连接主句和从句。

总之，通过并列句和复合句的不同结构和逻辑关系，可以更准确地表达复杂的思想和句意。

并列句和复合句1. 熟练掌握宾语从句的构成和基本用法。

2. 掌握并列句的构成和用法。

3. 掌握状语从句的构成和用法。

4. 理解定语从句的构成和基本用法。

一、知识精讲Ⅰ. 并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。

（一）并列句的构成其结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

（二）常用的并列连词1. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有：and，but，or，so，for。

词意用法and 和；并且表示顺延或并列，如果两个分句都是肯定语气，用and连接。

or 否则；或者表示选择，如果两个分句的语气为一个肯定，一个否定，则应用or连接。

but 但是表示转折，but与though / although不能同时用在一个句子中。

so 所以；因此表示结果，由so连接的并列句可转换成because引导的主从复合句，两者不能同时用在一个句子中表示“因为……所以……”。

for 因为表示原因，是对另一个分句的补充说明，但不能放在句子的开头。

2. 其他并列连词有：then，while，when，not only...but also..., neither...nor, either...or, as well as等。

Ⅱ. 复合句复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。

主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句是主句中的一部分，不能独立存在。

根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。

（一）宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词引导词用法例句that本身无意义(口语中可省去) 当宾语从句是陈述句时I really believe (that) Tom will help us.我确实相信汤姆会帮助我们。

if/ whether...(or not) 是否当宾语从句是一般疑问句时I’m not sure if I’ll have time.我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。

高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。

两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。

2、常见的并列句：(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。

前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。

(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。

(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。

(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。

(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。

主从复合句1、概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。

从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。

如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。

) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。

) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。

) / HoweverI cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。

语法必学并列句与复合句的从句类型语法必学：并列句与复合句的从句类型并列句和复合句是语法学习中重要的句子结构类型。

并列句是由两个或多个独立的句子通过连接词或标点符号连接而成，而复合句则包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。

本文将介绍并列句和复合句中的不同从句类型，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些语法结构。

一、并列句中的从句类型在并列句中，从句可以用来进一步补充或者解释主句的内容，形成更加丰富和复杂的句子结构。

以下是常见的几种从句类型：1. 并列连接词引导的从句并列连接词如"而且"、"但是"、"或者"等可用于连接两个具有相对独立意义的句子。

以下是一些例子：例句1:我昨天去了图书馆，但是我忘记带书。

例句2:他既喜欢篮球，又擅长足球。

2. 时间、原因和结果从句在并列句中，我们可以使用时间、原因和结果从句来进一步描述主句的具体情况。

以下是几个例子：例句1:我回家的时候，发现门锁坏了。

例句2:因为下雨的原因，他没有去操场跑步。

例句3:我学习很努力，所以考试取得了好成绩。

3. 条件从句条件从句用于表示某种条件下会发生的情况。

在并列句中，条件从句可以用来引导进一步讨论或者补充说明主句。

以下是一些例子：例句1:如果你需要帮助，请随时告诉我。

例句2:他如果努力学习，一定能够取得好成绩。

二、复合句中的从句类型复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，其中从句可以充当名词、形容词或副词。

以下是复合句中常见的几种从句类型：1. 名词性从句名词性从句可以用作主语、宾语或表语，并在句子中起到名词的作用。

以下是几个例子：例句1:他不知道你是否能参加聚会。

(主语从句)例句2:我希望你能够来参加我的生日聚会。

(宾语从句)例句3:我的问题是你什么时候开始学习汉语。

(表语从句)2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰主句中的名词或代词，并对其进行进一步的描述和限定。

以下是一些例子：例句1:我喜欢的那本书是你借给我的。

英语并列句和复合句句子的种类1. 按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类；2. 句子按其结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句三类。

下面就考试中常见的并列句和复合句做简单介绍。

（一）并列句1. 由and、but、or、so、for等并列连词把两个简单句连接起来而成的。

例如：John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。

You should hurry, or you will miss the train. 你该快点了，否则要误车了。

He must be a good student, for he is always careful with his lessons. 他肯定是个好学生，因为他学习一直很认真仔细。

2. 由并列连词词组连接成的。

常用的有not only …but also …, either …or …, neither …nor …,not …but …,both …and …,等等。

例如：Not only one but also all of us were invited. 不只是一个，而是我们全体都受到邀请。

Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。

Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。

Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。

并列句的口诀！and 表示顺承while表示对比 but/yet表示转折 for/so表示因果 or/either ...or 表示选择when和and/then表示时间and/so/neither/nor表示并列not only...but also/neither... nor表示递进（二）主从复合句包含两个或多个主谓结构，并且，其中一个主谓结构充当主句，另一个或多个主谓结构为从句，充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，这样的句子叫做复合句。

英语并列句及并列复合句如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。

并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的是and 和but。

有时，一个并列句中的一个（或更多）分句，可能包含有一个（或更多）从句，这种句子称为并列复合句。

并列复合句句式复杂，是同学们阅读的难点。

对付并列句及并列复合句的方法是各个击破。

先抓住并列连词and 或but，识别出是并列句后，分别理解并列连词前后的句子。

1．noise generated by traffic on arterial roads and freewaysis an increasing problem in australia and there is growing concernamong highways authorities in australia about the limitations ofsome types of noise barriers which hxdye been installed in thiscountry.中文译文：在澳大利亚，由主干道和快车道的交通所产生的噪音是一个日益严重的问题。

而且澳大利亚的高速公路主管部门也越来越关注已经安装在这个国家的一些噪音屏障的局限性。

结构分析：一个典型的并列复合句，并列连词and 连接两个句子，前一个句子是一个简单句，主语是noise，generated bytraffic on arterial roads andfreeways 是过去分词短语做noise 的后置定语，后面的句子中有一个which 引导的定语从句。

2.however, low barriers are not effective and high timberbarriers hxdye become much more expensive.中文译文：然而，矮屏障无效，高屏障更昂贵。

结构分析：一般的并列句，and 连接两个简单句。

中考英语语法专项复习：简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

复合句中包含宾语从句、状语从句或定语从句等。

◆一简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子，其句式结构主要有五种：①主 + 谓。

He works in a big company. 他在一家大公司工作。

②主 + 系 + 表。

She is a kind girl. 她是一个善良的女孩。

③主 + 谓 + 宾。

Ann eats junk food twice a week .安一周吃两次垃圾食品。

④主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾。

He gave me a pen .他给我一支钢笔。

⑤主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补。

He kept me waiting for two hours .他让我等了两小时。

◆二并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。

并列句中的各简单句同等重要，没有从属关系，是并列的关系，之间用并列连词连接。

1. 表示顺承的并列连词有and / not only …but （also）等。

如：She not only gaveus a lot of advice, butalso helped us to overcome difficulties .他不仅给了我们很多建议，而且还帮助我们克服困难。

2. 表示选择的并列连词有or，either …or …等。

如：Either you or Maria will haveto go .你或玛丽亚得去一趟。

3. 表示转折的并列连词有but，yet，however 等。

如：It is hot in summer here , butit’s not cold in winter .这里夏天热，但冬天不冷。

4. 表示因果关系的并列连词有so，如：He works hard , so he is one of the topstudents in our class .因为他学习努力，所以他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。

栏目索引专题十四　并列句和复合句栏目索引考点一　并列句考点突破并列句的构成及用法并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。

并列句中各简单句的地位同等重要,相互之间是平行并列的关系。

1.构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句。

2.常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有:and, but, or, so, for 。

(1)and 意为“和,并且”,表示顺延、并列关系。

如:栏目索引Study hard, and you'll make progress.努力学习,你就会取得进步。

(2)but意为“但是”,表示转折关系。

如:I like the story very much, but Li Ming isn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不感兴趣。

(3)or意为“或者”时,表示选择关系,意为“否则”时,有警告、提醒之意。

如: Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点儿,否则你会迟到的。

(4)so意为“所以;因此;于是”,for意为“因为”,二者都表示因果关系。

如: He got up late, so he was late for class.栏目索引他起晚了,所以他上课迟到了。

I have to stay up, for I have a lot of work to do.我不得不熬夜,因为我有许多工作要做。

3.“祈使句+and/or+简单句”是固定句型,此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

如:Hurry up, or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.快点儿,否则你会迟到的。

栏目索引栏目索引二、宾语从句中常见的问题1.主句与从句时态一致的问题(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

考点演绎复合句和并列句的内容在高等学校英语应用能力考试中所占比重超过12%，是考生应复习和掌握的重要内容。

复合句和并列句的考查形式主要是多项选择题，考点多集中在连词和关系代词的判断和使用上。

要求考生对复合句和并列句的结构有清晰的了解，并能正确使用相关连词或关系代词。

因此，考生复习时要把重点放在连词和关系代词的用法上。

本节特将重要的连词和代词列举如下，供考生学习和掌握。

1、复合句复合句包括：名词性从句（分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句）、定语从句，状语从句。

其中状语从句可以分为表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、目的和结果等状语从句。

下面分别叙述各从句的考点：（1）主语从句，即在整个从句中充当主语成分的从句，可以由从属连词that, whether 等引导，也可由连接代词what, which, who,以及由连接副词how, when, where, why, as 等引导。

如：In some countries what is called “equality” does not mean equal rights for all people.(在某些国家，被称为“平等”的东西并非真的表示所有人都享有平等的权利。

)（2）同位语从句，由that 来引导，充当一个名词的同位语，表面看上去象定语从句，但实际有两点重要区别：一是它表示的是名词的内容，而不是属性；二是连词“that”在从句中不担任句子成分。

由同位语从句修饰的名词常见的有：fact，thought, idea, news, hope, belief, doubt 等。

如：The fact that most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.(大多数人相信核战争将会是疯狂的举动的事实并不意味着它不会发生。

简单句—并列句—复合句（三大从句）简单句：He came in. He forgot to close the door.并列句：He came in, and he forgot to close the door.复合句：After he came in, he forgot to close the door.定语从句(常见连接词：which、that、who、whom、whose、as、when、where)1. It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.2. In our class there are 46 students, half of whom wear glasses.3. The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.名词性从句(常见连接词：what、which、who、whom、whether、when、where、how、why、whatever…)1. What you did made a great influence on our country.2. That is why he can’t come with his parents.3. I don’t care who will be in charge of our debate team. What I care about iswhether he is a man of responsibility.4. Tom brought us a good news that China won the World Cup.5. It suddenly happened to him that he had left his keys in the office.状语从句(常见连接词：when、before、after、as、until、since、as soon as、where、because、for、if、as long as、unless、 so that、in orderthat、in case、although、though、even though、as though、however、as if…)1. When Tom graduated from Oxford University, he had got a quiteastonishing job.2. Jack don’t get along well with his new colleagues because they thinkhe has nothing interesting to share3. Many of them didn’t listen to his advice, although they knew it to bevaluable.定从/名从/状从1. We live in an age when more information is easy to get than ever before.2. Nancy enjoyed herself so much when she visited her friends in Sydney last year.3. We’ve offered her the opportunity, but I don’t know when she can accept it.三大从句辨析（1）1.Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into televisionseries.2.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for whateverhe could find about Mark Twain.3.It doesn’t matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park.4.You can’t borrow books from the school library unless you get your student card.5. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over thepast two months.6. By 16:30, which was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had beensold.7.Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.8. Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as importantas sales.9. If environmental damage is done, it will take many years for theecosystem（生态系统）to recover.10.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, which isa stupid thing to do in such weather.11.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course,make all the others upset.12.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishesanything.13.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it.14.—Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to, because I’ll see him tomorrow.15.The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close toeach other.16.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which hadtaken more than three years.17.A man cannot smile like a child, because a child smiles with his eyes, and aman smiles with his lips alone.18.As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose which suits you best.19.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could haveexpressed it differently.20.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when the audience canbuy ice-cream.21.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, asthis was a memory she especially treasured.22. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter whether you havelived there for a short or a long time.23.You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor in caseyou have to wait.24.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which usesit somewhat differently.25.A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and askfor it back when it begins to rain.26. I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school,would be different.27.The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would bepostponed.28.I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early so that I can have time for a cup of tea.29. It was April 29,2001when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked intothe palace hall of the wedding ceremony.30. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed asplendid view of the lake.31.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spokefluently.32.It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.（2）33.The villagers have already known (that) what we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.34.Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if wewant to succeed.35.His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.36.My parents don’t mind what job I do as long as I am happy.37.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who Imet in the English speech contest last year.38.That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.39.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how to read fast.40.When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.41.I’d like to start my own business–that’s what I’d do if I had the money.42.The medicine works more effectively if you drink some hot water aftertaking it.43.It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replacedwith a modern hotel or not.44.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem itself is.45.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling​whichturned out to be a wise decision.46.We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it’s very cold.47.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after hisgrandfather.48.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew why she was so angry.49.Before the sales start, I make a list of which my kids will need for thecoming season.50.Althogh the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spendtoo much time on it.51.The newly built café, the walls of which are painted light green, is really apeaceful place for us, especially after hard work.52.The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.53.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on who he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.54.We haven’t discussed where we are going to place our new furniture.55.I want to be liked and loved for what I am inside.56.See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning.57.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in theschool, most of whom were from Germany.58.I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.59.We had to wait half an hour before we had already booked a table.60.He tried his best to solve the problem, however difficult it was.61.In china, the number of cities is increasing whose development isrecognized across the world.62.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left theirvillage homes for a better life in the city.63.— Could you do me a favor?— It depends on what it is.64.Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose color is black65.I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.。

专题十一--并列句和复合句考点一并列句和并列连词并列句一、并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句组成的句子叫作并列句。

用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句组成的句子叫作并列句。

其构成为其构成为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。

二、常见的并列连词1.表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句and and“和”“和”“和”;both...and.;both...and.;both...and.……和……两个都……和……两个都……和……两个都,as well as ,as well as ,as well as“也“也“也, not only...but also.., not only...but also.., not only...but also..不但…而且…不但…而且…等。

如等。

如:: My father bought me a present, and like it very much.2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句but but“但是”“但是”“但是”;yet ;yet 然而”然而”; while ; while ; while“而”。

如“而”。

如“而”。

如: : Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句either...or..么……要么……,它连接主语时,动词与靠近它的主语在人称、数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。

or“或者”,还可以表示“否则”。

如:Study hard, or you'll fail the exam.4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句so 意为“所以,因此”,表示因果关系。

如:Kate was ill so she didn't go to school.for 意为“因为”,也表示因果关系。

如:I have to stay up late, for I have lots of homework to do.※注意and 和or 用于否定句中的区别(1)(1)当列举成分是主语当列举成分是主语当列举成分是主语,,又在否定词之前时又在否定词之前时,,用and 连接连接;;当列举成分在否定词之后时当列举成分在否定词之后时,,用or 构成完全否定。

专题十一--并列句和复合句考点一并列句和并列连词并列句一、并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句组成的句子叫作并列句。

其构成为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。

二、常见的并列连词1.表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句and“和”;both...and.……和……两个都,as well as“也, not only...but also..不但…而且…等。

如:My father bought me a present, and like it very much.2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句but“但是”;yet然而”; while“而”。

如:Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句either...or..么……要么……,它连接主语时,动词与靠近它的主语在人称、数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。

or“或者”,还可以表示“否则”。

如:Study hard, or you'll fail the exam.4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句so意为“所以,因此”,表示因果关系。

如:Kate was ill so she didn't go to school.for意为“因为”,也表示因果关系。

如:I have to stay up late, for I have lots of homework to do.※注意and和or用于否定句中的区别(1)当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时,用and连接;当列举成分在否定词之后时,用or构成完全否定。

如:Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese.I can't sing or dance.(2)在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and,而不用or。

如:There is no water and no air on the moon.(3)在否定句中, without之后若有列举成分,则用and连接,构成完全否定;在肯定句中, without 之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定。

名师手记之: 英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句）1.简单句、并列句和复合句① 句子种类两种分类法按照句子的用途, 英语的句子可分: 陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。

按照句子的结构可分: 简单句并列句和复合句三种。

简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。

并列句由并列连词and, but, or, so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。

复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。

② 并列句的分类并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起, 句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。

表示选择关系常用的连词有: or, either…or…, otherwise等表示转折关系常用的连词有: but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。

表示因果关系常用的连词有: so, for, therefore等。

2.状语从句:(1)状语从句的分类状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子, 由从属连词引导, 从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。

根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能, 可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。

(2)连接状语从句的词语时间状语从句: when, whenever每当……, after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。

.一……就……, while, till, until, since, once。

名词词组the first time第一次, last time最后一次, every/each time每次, the next time下次, the next day第二天, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 一……就……;副词immediately, instantly, directly等也可作连词使用。