江西财经大学经济学 II2019年考博真题博士试卷

财科所考博试题(经济学管理类,2000-2009)财科所考博试题(经济学管理类,2000-2009)财科所考博试题——经济学一、简单题[1]管理学—财务管理—国有产权委托—代理关系的含义及其类型。

（2002）[2]管理学—财务管理—简述风险投资的含义及其机制原理。

（2001）[3]管理学—财务管理—企业资产重组的含义及其各种形式比较。

（2000）[4]管理学—财务管理—什么是何意资本存量？如何确定合意资本的存量？（2009）[5]管理学—财务管理—什么是资产的剩余控制权？掌握剩余控制权的意义何在？（2007）[6]管理学—财务管理—我国股票市场中的非流通股的种类及特点。

（2002）[7]管理学—简述管理控制的过程。

（2008）[8]管理学—简述制度与组织的关系（2009）[9]管理学—企业有众多组织形式，简述直线制结构的特点。

（2004）[10]管理学—人性假设—简述行为管理思想中的“人性假设理论”。

（2007）[11]管理学—人性假设—马斯洛在他的需要层次理论中，把人类的需要分成哪几个层次，这些需要关系如何？（2006）[12]管理学—什么是X-无效率？（2006）[13]管理学—什么是两合公司？其特点有哪些？（2004）[14]宏观经济学—请说出“恩格尔系数”的含义及其衡量值？（2005）[15]宏观经济学—政府投资的乘数效应。

（2002）[16]微观经济学—成本论—简述短期成本分析中的边际成本、平均可变成本的含义及相互关系。

（2007）[17]微观经济学—简述“经济人”假设的基本含义。

（2004）[18]微观经济学—生产论—什么是边际收益？试分析在价格与产品销售数量无关的情况下，边际收益与总收益、平均收益的关系？（2006）[19]微观经济学—生产论—写出短期生产函数的公式，并描述它的基本含义。

（2004）[20]微观经济学—生产论—写出利润函数，并说明其含义（2009）[21]微观经济学—什么是供给弹性？影响供给弹性的因素有哪些？（2005）[22]微观经济学—什么是寡头垄断？寡头垄断市场有哪几种分类？（2007）[23]微观经济学—什么是蛛网波动理论？他运用的假设有哪些？（2005）[24]微观经济学—效用论—基数效用和序数效用的区别是什么？（2005）[25]政治经济学—按生产要素分配的含义及其地位。

2019年资格考试一、简答题1. 溶化金属为何要有一定的过冷度才能观察到析晶现象？2. 陶瓷烧结后期晶粒长大的动力是什么？3. 为什么纯固体相变总是放热反应？二、滑移、孪生、形变带，这三种缺陷如何从形貌上来判断。

三、应变-硬化、弥散-硬化、晶粒细化，这三种强化机制的异同点。

四、三元相图中，垂直截面的线与二元相图中的线有何区别，能否应用杠杆定律，在什么情况下适用？五、纯金属在凝固、溶解、固-液平衡过程中Gibbs自由能与焓变关系图。

六、某金属熔点为600度，问在590度时，凝固能否自发进行，并求此时的熵变。

（已知凝固热ΔH）七、关于配分函数，已知Cp，证明U和Cv的关系式。

八、Au和Ag的晶格常数为0.408和0.409，问1.在Au基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；2.在Au（111）基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；3.在Au（111）基体上，用外延生长的方法生长Ag的（111）面，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；九、透射电镜衍射，如为单晶，则衍射花样为规则排列的斑点，如为单晶，则衍射花样为环。

如有一一维无限长单原子链，用一束电子垂直照射，会出现什么样的衍射花样。

十、单晶Si上镀一层的SiC薄膜，设计一个试验方案分析SiC薄膜的厚度，成份和结构。

2019年4月资格考试（可能）1.说明|Fs|、|Ls|、I电子的含义及其物理意义。

（10分）2.简述双面法测滑移面指数的原理。

（10分）3.给出8个2seita角，判断晶体结构，计算晶格常数a，写出出现衍射线的面族。

（10分）4.某单晶体，X射线沿[0 -1 0]方向入射，晶体[-1 0 0 ]方向竖直，[0 0 1]方向平行于底片。

（a）（-3 -1 0）面一级反射X光的波长。

（b）底片与晶体相距5cm，求劳厄斑在底片上的位置。

（12分）5.Ag、Fe的混合粉末，固溶度极小。

计算在2seita属于[45，110]范围内衍射线条数。

目　录2008年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2008年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2009年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2009年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2010年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2010年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2011年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2011年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2012年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2012年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2013年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2013年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2014年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2014年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2015年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2015年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2016年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题（部分）2016年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题（部分）及详解2017年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题（部分）2017年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题（部分）及详解2018年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2018年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解附送资料：2003～2007年、2019年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2019年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题（回忆版）2007年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2006年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2005年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2004年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2003年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题2008年江西财经大学803经济学考研真题一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1边际替代率2局部均衡分析3公共物品4国内生产总值5投资乘数6非自愿失业二、简答题、作图题、计算题（每题10分，共80分）1什么是垄断竞争市场？它有哪些特点（或假设条件）？2根据下列描述，画出消费者的三条无差异曲线，并比较其效用水平大小。

江西财经大学微观经济学纸质练习试卷姓名：学号：得分：A Multiple choice (2’*16)1. When an economist talks of scarcity, the economist is referring to theA) ability of society to employ all of its resources.B) ability of society to consume all that it produces.C) inability of society to satisfy all human wants because of limited resources.D) ability of society to continually make technological breakthroughs and increase production. Answer: C2. An inducement to take a particular action is calledA) the marginal benefit. B) the marginal cost.C) opportunity cost.D) an incentive.Answer: D3. Which of the following questions is NOT a microeconomic question?A) Can the Federal Reserve keep income growing by cutting interest rates?B) How would a tax on e-commerce affect eBay?C) What is Britney's opportunity cost of having another baby?D) Does the United States have a comparative advantage in information technology services? Answer: A4. When a California farmer decides to harvest lettuce using machines instead of by migrant workers, the farmer is answering the ________ part of one of the two big economic questions.A) "how" B) "for whom" C) "scarcity" D) "what"Answer: A5. Which of the following statements are correct?I. The "highest-valued alternative given up to get something" is the opportunity cost.II. Wealthy economies don't experience opportunity costs.III. Scarcity creates opportunity costs.A) I only B) I and II C) I and III D) I, II, and IIIAnswer: C6. Which of the following is a positive statement?A) People buy more of a good or service when its price falls.B) The distribution of income is fair.C) The government ought to provide health care to everyone.D) Corporations should be more socially responsible.Answer: A7. After you graduate, you have decided to accept a position working at the Bureau of Labor Statistics for $45,000.00 a year. The two other offers you received wereworking for Wal-Mart for $38,000 and working for Ernst and Young consulting for $42,000. Of these two offers, you would have preferred the job at Ernst and Young. What is the opportunity cost of accepting the position at the Bureau of Labor Statistics?A) the $45,000 you are paid for working at the Bureau of Labor StatisticsB) the $42,000 you would have been paid working for Ernst and YoungC) the $38,000 you would have been paid working for Wal-MartD) the $42,000 you would have been paid working for Ernst and Young and the $38,000 you would have been paid working for Wal-MartAnswer: B8. The production possibilities frontier separates ________.A) the goods and services that people want from those that they do not wantB) the types of goods that can be attained from those that can't be attainedC) the quantities of goods and services that can be produced from those that cannot be producedD) the combinations of goods that people value and those that they don'tAnswer: C9.When operating on its PPF, a country can produce 2 tons of butter and 200 cars OR 3 tons of butter and 150 cars. The opportunity cost of 1 ton of butter is ________ cars per ton of butter.A) 300 B) 200 C) 50 D) 0.75Answer: C10. A country produces only pencils and erasers. Pencil production is allocatively efficient if the marginal ________ of a pencil equals the marginal ________ of ________.A) cost; benefit; an eraser B) cost; cost; an eraserC) benefit; benefit; an eraser D) benefit; cost; a pencilAnswer: D11. At one point along a PPF, 50 tons of coffee and 100 tons of bananas are produced. At another point along the same PPF, 30 tons of coffee and 140 tons of bananas are produced. The opportunity cost of a ton of coffee between these points isA) 7/5 of a ton of bananas per ton of coffee.B) 1/2 of a ton of bananas per ton of coffee.C) 5/7 of a ton of bananas per ton of coffee.D) 2 tons of bananas per ton of coffee.Answer: DA) impossible unless more resources become available or technology improves.B) feasible but would involve unemployed or misallocated resources.C) possible only if the economy produces with maximum efficiency.D) possible only if there is inflation.Answer: A13. In the above table, the opportunity cost of the 2nd pizza isA) 0 cases of soda per pizza.B) 15 cases of soda per pizza.C) 95 cases of soda per pizza.D) 80 cases of soda per pizza.Answer: B14. Betty and Ann live on a desert island. With a day's labor, Ann can produce 8 fish or 4 coconuts; Betty can produce 6 fish or 2 coconuts. Ann's opportunity cost of producing 1 coconut is ________ and she should specialize in the production of ________.A) 8 fish per coconut; fishB) 2 fish per coconut; coconutsC) 6 fish per coconut; coconutsD) 0 fish per coconut; coconutsAnswer: B15. Which of the following describes comparative advantage?A) To produce a bushel of wheat Farmer John must give up 2 bushels of corn whereas Farmer Ben must give up 3 bushels of corn.B) Company A can produce 4 boxes of cereal in a day whereas Company B can produce 5 boxes of cereal in a day.C) Firm A can produce a good at a cost of $3 and Firm B can produce the good at a cost of $4.D) Jane can type 50 words per minute and Joe can type 60 words per minute.Answer: A16. Refer to the above figure. Mario is self-sufficient and so is Mia. Each produces 6 dishes of pasta and 4 pizzas. Mario and Mia decide to specialize and trade. After they have specialized and traded, compared to the initial situation, Mia's opportunity cost of pasta has ________ and Mario's opportunity cost of a pizza has ________.A) decreased, decreased B) decreased, increasedC) increased, increased D) increased, decreasedAnswer: CB True or false(6’)1.Scarcity affects only those who are in need. FALSE2.Households are buyers in factor markets and sellers in goods markets. FALSE3.One has a comparative advantage because of higher productivity. FALSE4.Specialization and trade allow countries to consume beyond their PPFs. TRUE5.As long as technology increases, economic growth is free. FALSE6.If Hong Kong continues to devote more resources to accumulating capital than the United States,Hong Kong will continue to grow more rapidly than the United States. TRUEC Calculation (12’)The figure above shows Prakash's and Gail's production possibilities frontiers for writing books and magazine articles.a) What is Prakash's opportunity cost of a book? What is Gail's opportunity cost? Who has the comparative advantage in writing books?b) Who has the comparative advantage in writing magazine articles?c) According to their comparative advantages, who should write books and who should write magazine articles?Answer:a) In a year, Prakash can write 2 books or 40 magazine articles. Hence the opportunity cost of 1 book is (40 magazine articles) ÷ (2 books) = 20 magazine articles per book. In a year, Gail can write 3 books or 30 magazine articles. Hence the opportunity cost of 1 book is (30 magazine articles) ÷ (3 books) = 10 magazine articles per book. Gail's opportunity cost of writing books is lower than Prakash's, so Gail has the comparative advantage in writing books.b) Prakash has the comparative advantage in writing magazine articles.c) Gail has the comparative advantage in writing books, so she should write books. Prakash has the comparative advantage in writing magazine articles, so he should write magazine articles.。