jack london ppt

Chapter 23 Jack London 杰克·伦敦Jack London, (1876-1916), American writer, whose work combined powerful realism and humanitarian人道主义sentiment.Call of the Wild《荒野的呼唤》, His best known work, A story about a dog named BuckBuck used to be a gentle dog in a Southern plantation种植园, but Gold Rush淘金热changes his fate. Buck was trained to be such a sledge dog雪橇犬What Buck has learned is the Law of Club and FangBy this detail Jack London revealed thought: the survival of the fittest 适者生存Buck runs together with a wolf, into the wildnessBuck recalled his ancestry祖先The thoughts revealed in the story:⏹The hint暗示of American social circumstance.⏹The survival of the fittest.⏹Also the philosophy of superman超人哲学. Buck is Jack London’s superman.⏹The time’s American thought: Transcendentalism超越论.生平：In fact, London’s own life was as stormy as his novels.He grew up in poverty⏹Jack London was born on Dec. 12th, 1876⏹in San FranciscoHe tried his luck as an oyster牡蛎pirate, hoodlum, and seaman.Study：⏹Finally he got his grades.Alaska Gold Rush阿拉斯加淘金热, 1890s⏹He then went to Alaska as a gold digger淘金者.He became a novelistUpon his return to the San Francisco area, he began to write about his experiences in the Alaska gold rush.His early collection⏹A collection of his short stories, The Son of the Wolf, was published in 1900.He was taken prisoner俘虏in the Russian-Japanese war(1904-1905), where he was a war correspondent战地记者.Jack London and Charmian夏米安（妻子）But he committed suicide自杀身亡⏹On Nov. 22nd, 1916 on his farm he put an end to his life ruled by alcohol酒精andextravaganza狂妄的言行.Continue -⏹ 1. A study of his style⏹ 2. the influence of Jack London’s early life on his literature style.⏹ 3. Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》1. A study of his styleA lone wolf, suggests the style of Jack London’s most novels.The style is embodied chiefly主要呈现in The Call of the Wild《荒野的呼唤》London's style— brutal残忍的、野蛮的, vivid, and exciting —made him enormously popular Reading: The Call of The Wild《荒野的呼唤》II The Law of Club and FangBuck's first day on the Dyea beach was like a nightmare噩梦. Every hour was filled with shock and surprise. He had been suddenly jerked抽搐from the heart of civilization and flung into the heart of things primordial. No lazy, sun-kissed life was this, with nothing to do but loaf and be bored. Here was neither peace, nor rest, nor a moment's safety.⏹All was confusion and action, and every moment life and limb生命were in peril处于危险之中. There was imperative必要的need to be constantly alert; for these dogs and men were not town dogs and men. They were savages野蛮人, all of them, who knew no lawbut the law of club and fang.His style: The seaman on horse back⏹The severe natural circumstance,⏹The tough characters,⏹the survival of the fittestLove of Life《热爱生命》⏹The novel tells the story of an extremely sick gold seeker who struggles through thesnow-covered Alaska wildness.Reading: from Love of Life：⏹He was very weary疲倦的and often wished to rest - to lie down and sleep; but he wascontinually driven on - not so much by his desire to gain the land of little sticks as by his hunger. He searched little ponds池塘for frogs青蛙and dug up the earth with his nails for worms蠕虫, though he knew in spite that neither frogs nor worms existed so far north. The tough characters：Reading: from Love of Life⏹He did not hear the breath, and he slipped slowly from some dream to the feel of thetongue along his hand. He waited. The fangs pressed softly; the pressure increased; the wolf was exerting its last strength in an effort to sink teeth吃in the food for which it had waited so long.But the man had waited long, and the lacerated受伤的hand closed on the jaw下巴. Slowly, while the wolf struggled feebly无力地and the hand clutched feebly, the other hand crept匍匐across toa grip.⏹Five minutes later the whole weight of the man's body was on top of the wolf. The handshad not sufficient strength to choke the wolf, but the face of the man was pressed close to the throat of the wolf and the mouth of the man was full of hair. At the end of half an hour the man was aware of a warm trickle in his throat.⏹It was not pleasant. It was like molten lead being forced into his stomach, and it wasforced by his will alone. Later the man rolled over on his back and slept.The stronger survives:⏹His characters: superman. Like Wolf Larson in The Sea Wolf《海狼》The Sea Wolf (1904), based on the author's experiences on a seal hunting shipIt is the vivid story of a gentleman scholar, Humphrey Van Weydenexploring powerful themes of ambition, courage, and the innate固有will to surviveThe hero is Wolf Larsen拉尔森the schooner's brutal captain船长, who ruthlessly crushes anyone standing in his way.Wolf Larsen is a hero of Nietzsche’ philosophy尼采哲学In his captain cabin he kept many books of new theory, including those of Nietzsche’.The ending of the novel, in which Wolf Larsen died lonely, suggests Jack London’s negation否定to Nietzsche’ philosophy of superman尼采的超人哲学.Another side of his thought⏹The People in the Abyss⏹His socialist thoughts.3.His representative: Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》an autobiographical自传体的novel about a writer's lifethe conflicts矛盾, philosophy of superman and the socialist thoughts.The story of Martin Eden：⏹Martin Eden concerns a sailor水手and laborer who educates himself so that he mightbecome a part of the wealthy bourgeoisie. He aspires to渴求a high-thinking life, inspired by the college-educated society girl Ruth露丝Morse.Reading: Martin met Ruth露丝for the first time⏹…steadily, forgetful of where he was, his face glowi ng. Twice he closed the book on hisforefinger to look at the name of the author. Swinburne! he would remember that name.That fellow had eyes, and he had certainly seen color and flashing light. But who wasSwinburne? Was he dead a hundred years or so, like most of the poets? Or was he alive still, and writing? He turned to the title-page . . . yes, he had written other books; well, he would go to the free library the first thing in the morning and try to get hold of some of Swinburne's stuff. He went back to the text and lost himself. He did not notice that a young woman had entered the room. The first he knew was when he heard Arthur's voice saying:-⏹"Ruth, this is Mr. Eden."⏹The book was closed on his forefinger, and before he turned he was thrilling to the firstnew impression, which was not of the girl, but of her brother's words.Under that muscled body of his he was a mass of quivering sensibilities.He becomes a writerOur hero becomes a writer and expresses in his works the views upon life he has learnt from his reading of Spencer斯宾塞. However, only Russ Brissenden - a leftist左派poet - sees the value of his work.His fiancée未婚妻RuthHis fiancée Ruth sees him as a failure because magazines will not publish his writing and because he has become notorious声名狼藉for being a socialist社会主义者.The story sees Martin achieve fame at last.But the fact that it is only as he is recognized by others that Ruth wants him back sickens使厌倦him.He then realizes that he has lost touch with his own class.A comparison: Martin Eden and Raskolnikov拉斯科尔尼科夫《罪与罚》：⏹A real superman and a self-encouraged自我鼓舞的superman, but neither could be happy.⏹Now, for you to think: why?。