原始的农耕生活03word文档良心出品

中华少年cóng wēi é j ùn bá de gāo yuán zǒu lái ，女 1 从雄伟峻拔的高原走来，wǒ shì bīng shān shàng de yīduǒxuě li án ；我是冰山上的一朵雪莲；男 2 cóng bì bō huán bào de bǎo dǎo zǒu lái ，从碧波环绕的宝岛走来，wǒ shìhǎi f ēng zhōng de yī zhīrǔyàn ；我是海风中的一只乳燕；cóng cāng cāng máng máng de cǎo yuán zǒu lái ，女 2 从苍苍莽茫的草原走来，wǒ shìl án tiān xi àáo xiáng de chúyīng ；我是蓝天下翱翔的雏鹰；cóng qī gōu bāli áng de huáng tǔpō zǒu lái ，男 2 从七沟八梁的黄土坡走来，wǒ shìhuáng hébi ān xi ān nèn de shān dān dān 。

我是黄河畔鲜嫩的山丹丹。

qíā！shén zhōu dàdì shēng zhǎng de xīwàng ，齐啊！神州大地生长的希望，wǒ men shìzhōng huáde shǎo nián ！我们是中华的少年！（敬礼）ji ǔ qǔ huáng héràng wǒdǒng débǎishébúhuí，女 1 九曲黄河让我懂得一往直前，男 1 mǎng mǎng kūn l ún shǐwǒxué huìl ìdìdǐng tiān ，莽莽昆仑使我学会立地顶天，ji āo wǒchún ji éde shìběiguó de xuěhuā，女 2 教我贞洁的是北国的雪花，ji āo wǒrèli ède shìnán ji āng de hóng mián 。

1. 索伦龙是一种巨大的兽脚亚目食肉恐龙。

索伦龙具有又长又厚的头骨，并长有数十颗如同利刃的利牙。

通过与类似物种的比较，研究者认为索伦龙的身长可达到 12米，体重达到8.25吨，是目前最大 的食肉恐龙之一。

索伦龙生活在白垩纪中期森诺曼阶到白垩纪晚期的土伦阶，与棘龙、 洲奔龙等巨型食肉恐龙生活在同一时代的北非地区。

2. 西雅茨龙是生活在美国的一种巨型食肉恐龙， 生活在白垩纪中期到晚期的白垩纪， 万年至9300万年前的白垩纪森诺曼阶，是体型仅次于棘龙、霸王龙、蛮龙、马普龙、 巨兽龙、奥沙拉龙、魁纣龙的食肉恐龙，是体型第九大的食肉恐龙。

根据研究证明，和极其著名的远亲霸王龙一样，西雅茨龙也拥有着大型的头颅骨、粗壮的躯体和长而发达的双腿，但它的前肢的发达 和爪子的大小明显强过远亲霸王龙。

3. 南方巨兽，体型小于棘龙、霸王龙、蛮龙、马普龙、鲨齿龙、魁纣龙，是体型第七大的食肉恐龙，巨兽龙生存在白垩纪中期（1亿年至9500万年前的森诺曼阶）的阿根廷，硕大而狭长的长嘴巴长着一 口很锋利但单薄的牙齿。

它有很可怕的咬合力和很快的撕咬速度以及如同餐刀一样锋利的薄牙， 它走 路用两条小短腿。

根据化石标本显示，南方巨兽龙最大个体长 13.5米，高3.81米，重达9.2吨，头 颅骨长度175厘米。

魁纣龙的名字含义是 暴君巨人”最大体长接近13米长，最大体重9.3吨，体型仅次于棘龙、霸王龙、 蛮龙、鲨齿龙、马普龙、南方巨兽龙，是体型第七大的肉食恐龙。

骨骼的结构表明魁纣龙的亲缘关系 属于在南方巨兽龙和鲨齿龙之间的恐龙，魁纣龙属于鲨齿龙亚科 ，亲缘关系更接近南方巨兽龙和马普 龙，而离鲨齿龙相对较远。

魁纣龙分布在阿根廷，是最早出现的鲨齿龙科之一，生活在白垩纪早期的 阿弟普阶到白垩纪中期的阿尔布阶，生存年代为1.18亿年-1.1亿年以前。

体重指数和身体粗壮度超过 了除霸王龙外的所有兽脚亚目和食肉恐龙， 但头部比例比南巨小一些，体重指数和身体粗壮程度在食肉恐龙里仅次于霸王龙。

第2课原始的农耕生活作业导航1.基础知识：我国原始农耕生活中的河姆渡原始居民、半坡原始居民的生产、生活情况。

2.初步学会分析问题、比较问题的能力。

3.认识我国的原始农耕时代的成就对世界的贡献。

一、单项选择题（请将正确答案填入题后的括号中）1.我国原始农耕的出现距今约A.七千年B.五六千年C.一万八千年D.四五千年2.长江流域原始农耕的代表是A.河姆渡原始居民B.半坡原始居民C.大汶口原始居民D.山顶洞人3.粟的种植源于我国，它最早出现于A.七千年B.五六千年C.一万八千年D.四五千年4.粟成熟后，半坡的原始居民可能用以下什么工具收割A.简单打制的粗糙石刀B.磨光后的石刀C.装有木柄的骨耜D.木制的耒5.半坡原始居民可能吃的食物是A.主食是粟，副食有鱼、肉、蔬菜B.主食是稻，副食有鱼C.主食有麦，副食有鱼肉和蔬菜D.主食是水稻，副食有肉和蔬菜6.彩陶的出现，反映了人们物质生活的丰富和审美情趣的提高。

下面哪个原始人类能够制造彩陶A.北京人B.山顶洞人C.河姆渡原始居民D.半坡原始居民7.在半坡遗址中出土了许多骨制箭头、鱼叉和鱼钩，这说明A.打猎和捕鱼在当时仍占有重要地位B.主要用来和其他原始居民互相交换，并不注重使用C.这些器械只是人们平时消遣的工具D.用它们作武器进行原始战争8.我国在世界上最早种植的农作物是①麦②水稻③粟④玉米A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④9.下面分别是河姆渡原始居民和半坡原始居民的房屋简图，造成这种结构不同的主要原因是A.双方建筑观念不同B.双方生活习惯不同C.双方使用的工具不同D.双方所在地的气候、环境不同10.下列说法正确的是A.河姆渡原始居民使用的工具比半坡原始居民先进B.半坡原始居民用保存的天然火种烧烤猎物和做饭C.半坡原始居民和河姆渡原始居民都能够制作出彩陶D.半坡原始居民生活的时代晚于河姆渡原始居民11.下列能够说明河姆渡原始居民比山顶洞人进步的是①用人工取火的方法生火烧烤②使用磨制的石器③发明干栏式的房子④制造陶器和制作简单的玉器与原始乐器⑤出现了原始的农耕A.①②③④⑤B.②③④⑤C.③④⑤D.①③④12.大汶口墓葬里出现了随葬品多少相差悬殊的现象，从根本上说，这是由于A.社会生产力的发展B.私有财产和贫富分化的出现C.随葬的观念不同D.当地的风俗习惯13.下列进步与普遍采用磨制石器无关的是A.农耕经济的发展B.原始畜牧业的出现C.建筑技术的进步D.制陶技术的提高14.促使原始人过定居生活的主要因素是A.自然环境的优劣B.原始农业的发展C.掌握了人工取火技术D.学会了建造房屋二、材料解析题15.阅读下列材料：材料1 河姆渡原始居民已使用磨制石器，用耒耜耕地，种植水稻……他们饲养家畜，会制造陶器，他们还制作简单的玉器和乐器。

单项选择题（50题）1、下面的（C）属于《供电服务规范》内容。

（A）用电检查服务规范（B）装表接电服务规范（C）“95598”服务规范（D）抄核收服务规范2、下面的（D）属于《供电服务规范》内容。

（A）用电检查服务规范（B）装表接电服务规范（C）抄核收服务规范（D）投诉举报处理服务规范3、《供电服务规范》要求接待客户时，应面带微笑，目光专注，做到（B）。

（A）满足客户要求（B）来有迎声、去有送声（C）提高服务水平（D）迎三步4、办理居民客户收费业务的时间一般每件不超过（C）分钟。

（A）3 （B）4 （C）5 （D）65、办理客户用电业务的时间一般每件不超过（D）。

（A）5 （B）10 （C）15 （D）206、如前一位客户业务办理时间过长，应对下一位客户（B）（A）不理睬（B）致歉（C）说明原因（D）优先办理7、当有特殊情况必须暂时停办业务时，应列示（A）标牌。

（A）暂停营业（B）停止营业（C）请稍侯（D）暂停办理8、下班时如仍有等候办理业务的客户，应（C）。

（A）暂停营业（B）停止营业（C）继续办理（D）暂停办理9、对客户投诉，应做到（A）跟踪投诉受理全过程。

（A）100% （B）98% （C）96% （D）95%10、《供电服务规范》中现场服务是对客户侧用电情况开展（B）。

（A）检查（B）巡查（C）抢修（D）维护11、对产权不属于供电企业的电力设施进行维护和抢修实行（D）的原则。

（A）无偿服务（B）产权归属（C）公平公正（D）有偿服务12、应客户要求进行有偿服务的，电力修复或更换电气材料的费用，执行（C）物价管理部门核定的收费标准。

（A）自治区、直辖市（B）地市（县级）（C）省（自治区、直辖市）（D）省（直辖市、地市）13、进行有偿服务工作时，客户付费后，应开具（C）。

（A）服务性收据（B）政府公益事业性收据（C）正式发票（D）白条14、国家电网公司员工服务“十个不准”规定，不准对外泄漏客户的（ D ）。

产状三要素
走向：断层面与水平面的交线叫走向线，走向线的延伸方向即为断层的走向。

它表示岩层在地面上的延伸方向。

倾向：断层面上与走向线相垂直的线叫倾斜线或真倾斜线，它在水平面上的投影所指的沿平面向下倾斜的方位即为断层的倾向。

倾角：岩层层面上的真倾斜线与其在水平面上投影线的夹角叫倾角。

它表示在垂直断层面走向的直立剖面上该层面与水平面间的夹角。

①方位角表示法。

一般记录倾向和倾角，如205∠65，即倾向为205°，倾角65°，其走向则为295°或115°。

②象限角表示法。

一般测记走向、倾向和倾角，如N65°W/25°SW，即走向为北偏西65°，倾角为25°，向南西倾斜。

根据国标GB50010混凝土结构设计规范中规定，混凝土的强度等级分为C15-C80共14个强度等级其中C15标示混凝土的标准立方试块的抗压强度至少为15MPa,不超过20MPa,超过20MPa的就是C20了，一次类推。

中华少年cóng wēi éjùn báde gāo yuán zǒu lái ，女1 从巍峨峻拔的高原走来，wǒshìbīng shān shàng de yīduǒxuělián ；我是冰山上的一朵雪莲；cóng bìbōhuán bào de bǎo dǎo zǒu lái ，男2 从碧波环抱的宝岛走来，wǒshìhǎi fēng zhōng de yīzhīrǔyàn ；我是海风中的一只乳燕；cóng cāng cāng máng máng de cǎo yuán zǒu lái ，女2 从苍苍茫茫的草原走来，wǒshìlán tiān xiàáo xiáng de chúyīng ；我是蓝天下翱翔的雏鹰；cóng qīgōu bāliáng de huáng tǔpōzǒu lái ，男2从七沟八梁的黄土坡走来，wǒshìhuáng hébiān xiān nèn de shān dān dān 。

我是黄河边鲜嫩的山丹丹。

qíā！shén zhōu dàdìshēng zhǎng de xīwàng ，齐啊！神州大地生长的希望，wǒmen shìzhōng huáde shǎo nián ！我们是中华的少年！（敬礼）jiǔqǔhuáng héràng wǒdǒng débǎi shébúhuí，女1九曲黄河让我懂得百折不回，mǎng mǎng kūn lún shǐwǒxuéhuìlìdìdǐng tiān ，男1莽莽昆仑使我学会立地顶天，jiāo wǒchún jiéde shìběi guóde xuěhuā，女2教我纯洁的是北国的雪花，jiāo wǒrèliède shìnán jiāng de hóng mián 。

ＳＱＬ数据库接口
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1.1被测试对象（单元）的介绍
校 园一 卡 通信 息 系 统 的用户接口，是用户与计算机交互的接口，系统管理员通过接口对一卡
通进行管理，以及对用户的消费金额进行更新。硬件接口包括校园一卡通，扫描仪器，用户通过校园
一卡通可以借书，还书以及续借，图书管理员通过校园一卡通可以查阅用户的基本资料。扫描仪器通
前提条件承压测试之前系统正常运行
输入数据期望的性能（平均值）实际性能（平均值）
系统正常运行的同时，打开系统崩溃吻合
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5.图形用户界面测试用例
5.1被测试对象的介绍
被测试对象主要包括各种图形用户界面（GUI），包括登录界面，校园一卡通界面，办卡界面，
实际情况
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3.健壮性测试用例
3.1被测试对象的介绍
健壮性测试是用于对校园一卡通信息出现故障时，是否能够自动回复或者忽略故障继续运行。
3.2测试范围与目的
测试范围包括校园一卡通信息，以及有关的硬件设施。相关的功能。

2011级外刊阅读（一）Fast Music Can Lead to DangerousDrivers who listen to fast-tempo music on the road are more likely to have accidents, a science magazine said recently. When Warren Brodsky of Ben-Gurion University in Israel used a simulator to test the effects of music on the driving habits of 28 people, he found drivers were more prone to take risks as the many accidents when they were listening to fast tempos as when they listened to slow or medium-paced numbers, “New Scientist”magazine said. Brodsky believe music is distracting the making them less alert. He thinks drivers should be aware of the impact music has on them and advised them to either choose slower tunes or to turn down the volume to reduce distraction.Cellphone Lead a Tough LifeMobile phone thefts are soaring in Britain but nearly as many people drop their handset into the toilet or a drink or accidentally put it in with their laundry, a new survey showed. The survey by Continental Research, a British market research organization, revealed that while 1.3 million people had their mobiles stolen last year, some 1.6 million lost their phone in one way or another. It said 6000,000 people dropped them down the toilet; 400,000 dropped their handset into a drink and 200,000 found they had accidentally bundled it into the washing machine. The survey’s finding that 1.3 million people have had their phone stolen is almost double the official figure released by the Home Office (interior ministry). “These figures are quite shocking and probably reflect a truer picture than the Home Office since it only looked at those phone which had been reported as being stolen phones,” Colin Shaddick, Continental Research director, told reporters.The call of natureThere’s nowhere else on the earth like Kakadu National Park, the moment you drive through the gates, you enter an ancient territory that ‘s teeming with wildlife—a place where humans have been living in harmony with the environment approximately 40,000years. According to Aboriginal belief, kakadu was shaped by the spiritual ancestors who roamed the planet during Creation Time. Along the way they established one of the most diverse ecosystms on the planet, providing a haven for the 500 species of mammals, birds and reptile (爬行动物) that live there. With this vast swath of land the size of Belgium, you will find open grassland, intricate(复杂的) waterway，floodplains and rock escarpments (悬崖) -----stretching on as far as eye can see. In a world where unspoilt land is becoming increasingly rare, Kakadu is a true Australian treasure. Whether you’re a casual observer of wildlife or a keen naturalist, you’ll see sights here that will take your breath away. Within a matter of hours we saw egrets and estuarine （河湾的）crocodiles, kangaroos bouncing through the bush and the magnificent sight of a sea eagle soaring high above the mangroves at yellow water. ------------ From National Geographic, October 2006Keep Bird Flu off the MenuBird flu’s here before. The last major outbreak hit Pennsylvania Poultry farms in 1983. And though that strain of the virus never threatened human lives, it resulted in the destruction of 17 million birds at a cost 60 million dollars.Now, as the new H5N1 virus, which is deadly to humans as well as to birds, menaces Asia, Europe, and Africa, the stakes in the United States are even higher. U.S. poultry farms last year produced almost nine billion broilers (chickens raised for meat), a quarter of a billon turkeys, and 90 billion eggs, all worth nearly 30 billon dollars.Just as important as protecting chickens, turkeys, and ducks from the killer flu is calming public jitters about its possible emergence in the human population. Earlier this year in Italy, for example, poultry sales plunged 70 percent even though H5N1 had appeared only in wild birds.Thanks to strict security practices in the U.S. and the isolation of domestic stock from wild birds and other livestock, “the risk of an H5N1 outbreak is low,” says poultry expert Carol Cardona, “But this is not a virus we want to mess around with.”(National Geographic----October 2006)A Clean Water CrisisThe water you drink today has likely been around in one form or another since dinosaurs roamed the Earth, hundreds of millions of years ago.While the amount of freshwater on the planet has remained fairly constant over time—continually recycled through the atmosphere and back into our cups—the population has exploded. This means that every year competition for a clean, copious supply of water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and sustaining life intensifies.Water scarcity is an abstract concept to many and a stark reality for others. It is the result of myriad environmental, political, economic, and social forces.Freshwater makes up a very small fraction of all water on the planet. While nearly 70 percent of the world is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of it is fresh. The rest is saline and ocean-based. Even then, just 1 percent of our freshwater is easily accessible, with much of it trapped in glaciers and snowfields. In essence, only 0.007 percent of the planet's water is available to fuel and feed its 6.8 billion people.Due to geography, climate, engineering, regulation, and competition for resources, some regions seem relatively flush with freshwater, while others face drought and debilitating pollution. In much of the developing world, clean water is either hard to come by or a commodity that requires laborious work or significant currency to obtain.Water Is LifeWherever they are, people need water to survive. Not only is the human body 60 percent water, the resource is also essential for producing food, clothing, and computers, moving our waste stream, and keeping us and the environment healthy.Unfortunately, humans have proved to be inefficient water users. (The average hamburger takes 2,400 liters, or 630 gallons, of water to produce, and many water-intensive crops, such as cotton, are grown in arid regions.)According to the United Nations, water use has grown at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century. By 2025, an estimated 1.8 billion people will live in areas plagued by water scarcity, with two-thirds of the world's population living in water-stressed regions as a result of use, growth, and climate change.The challenge we face now is how to effectively conserve, manage, and distribute the water we have. National Geographic's Freshwater Web site encourages you to explore the local stories and global trends defining the world's water crisis. Learn where freshwater resources exist; how they are used; and how climate, technology, policy, and people play a role in both creating obstacles and finding solutions. Peruse the site to learn how you can make a difference by reducing your water footprint and getting involved with local and global water conservation and advocacy efforts.。

植物生理学习题与参考答案绪论【习题】填空题1．植物生理学是研究的科学。

2．荷兰的用柳树枝条试验探索植物长大的物质来源。

3．于1882年编写了《植物生理学讲义》，他的学生则在1904年出版了《植物生理学》一书，他们被称为植物生理学的两大先驱。

4．、和被认为是我国植物生理学的奠基人。

绪论【答案】填空题1．植物生命活动规律2．van Helmont（范·埃尔蒙）3．Sachs Pfeffer4．李继侗罗宗洛汤佩松第一章植物的水分生理【习题】一、名词解释1．自由水2．束缚水3．渗透作用4．水势（ψw）5．渗透势（ψπ）6．压力势（ψp）7．衬质势（ψm）8．吸涨作用9．代谢性吸水10．蒸腾作用11．根压12．蒸腾拉力13．蒸腾速率14．蒸腾比率15．蒸腾系数16．内聚力学说二、填空题1．植物细胞吸水有、和三种方式。

2．植物散失水分的方式有和。

3．植物细胞内水分存在的状态有和。

4．植物细胞原生质的胶体状态有两种，即和。

5．一个典型的细胞的水势等于；具有液泡的细胞的水势等于；形成液泡后，细胞主要靠吸水；干种子细胞的水势等于。

6．植物根系吸水方式有：和。

7．根系吸收水的动力有两种：和。

8．证明根压存在的证据有和。

9．叶片的蒸腾作用有两种方式：和。

10．某植物制造1克干物质需消耗水400克，则其蒸腾系数为；蒸腾效率为。

11．影响蒸腾作用的环境因子主要是、、和。

12．C3植物的蒸腾系数比C4植物。

13．可以比较灵敏地反映出植物的水分状况的生理指标主要有：、、和。

14．目前认为水分沿导管或管胞上升的动力是和。

三、选择题1．植物在烈日照射下，通过蒸腾作用散失水分降低体温，是因为：（）A．水具有高比热B．水具有高汽化热C．水具有表面张力2．一般而言，冬季越冬作物组织内自由水/束缚水的比值：（）A．升高B．降低C．变化不大3．有一为水充分饱和的细胞，将其放入比细胞液浓度低10倍的溶液中，则细胞体积：（）。

A．变大B．变小C．不变4．风和日丽的情况下,植物叶片在早上、中午和傍晚的水势变化趋势是( )。

距今约四五千年
黄河流域的山东泰安
石镰 石锄
黑陶 白陶
大汶口陶器
动脑筋： 大汶口晚期的墓葬里，为什么有随葬品多少悬殊的现象出现？
黄河流域原始农耕时代的居民是（ ） 北京人 山顶洞人 河姆渡原始居民 半坡原始居民
பைடு நூலகம்01
D
02
练一练
我国在世界上最早种植的两种农作物是（ ） A 小麦和玉米 B 小麦和水稻 C 水稻和粟 D 水稻和玉米
02
因为区域不同，自然条件不同，所以房屋样式不同
03
这是1973年在浙江余姚河姆渡遗址出土的
猪纹陶钵，是河姆渡人用来盛放食物的食具
河姆渡出土陶猪
看图分析
右边是河姆渡 原始居民制作的陶器，你能说出它的用途吗？ 动脑筋： 蒸食物
半坡出土鱼纹陶盆
半坡遗址出土的人面鱼纹陶盆，绘有这类 人面鱼纹的彩陶盆已成为半坡文化的典型标记
C
河姆渡原始居民种植水稻、住干栏式房屋，而半坡居民种植粟住半地穴式房屋的原因是（ ） 生活习惯 地理与气候 生产生活能力所致 历史传统
B
1
2
C
1
2
我国是世界上最早种植水稻的国家 我国是世界上最早种植粟的国家 我国是世界上很早就种植蔬菜的国家
1
你能从课文中找出我国原始农耕时代的几项世界性的贡献吗?
2
作业：
01
历史练习册第2课。
02
谢谢大家！
汇报人姓名
我国古代关于农耕的传说：
伏羲氏又叫“庖羲”、“炮牺”、“包牺”。关于伏羲氏的传说较多，据说伏羲氏最大的成就是发明鱼网，教民捕 鱼，即创造了最早的渔业。第二大贡献是发明畜牧业。第三大贡献是采天然火，发明熟食。
神农尝百草

The Trial That Rocked the WorldJohn ScopesA buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at the secondary school. For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists. The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament. The modernists, on the other hand, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin -- that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.Fundamentalism was strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching of "any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible." The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin's theory of evolution. An engineer, George Rappelyea, used to argue with the local people against the law. During one such argument, Rappelyea said that nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution. Since I had been teaching biology, I was sent for."Rappelyea is right," I told them."Then you have been violating the law," one of them Said."So has every other teacher," I replied. "Evolution is explained in Hunter's Civic Biology, and that's our textbook." Rappelyea then made a suggestion. "Let's take this thing to court," he said, "and test the legalityof it."When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history. The American Civil Liberties Union announced that it would take my case to the U. S Supreme Court if necessary to establish that a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail." Then Bryan volunteered to assist the state in prosecuting me. Immediately the renownedlawyer Clarence Darrow offered his services to defend me.Ironically, I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my university. I admired him, although I did not agree with his views.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circusatmosphere. The buildings along the main street were festoonedwith banners. The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sproutedwith rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists set up tents to exhortthe passersby. People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the " infidel outsiders" Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county.The presiding judge was John Raulston, a florid-faced man who announced: "I'm just a reg'lar mountaineer jedge." Bryan, ageing and paunchy , was assisted in his prosecution by his son, also a lawyer, and Tennessee's brilliant young attorney-general, Tom Stewart. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow, my counsel included the handsome and magnetic Dudley Field Malone, 43, and Arthur Garfield Hays, quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law. In a trial in which religion played a key role, Darrow was an agnostic, Malone a Catholic and Hays a Jew. My father had come from Kentucky to be with me for the trial.The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer, and the trial got under way. Of the 12 jurors, three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn't read. As my father growled, "That's one hell of a jury!"After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement. "My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotryare , and it is a mighty strong combination."Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. "Today it is the teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind. ""That damned infidel," a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address.The following day the prosecution began calling wit-nesses against me. Two of my pupils testified, grinning shyly at me, that I had taught them evolution, but added that they had not been contaminated by the experience. Howard Morgan, a bright lad of 14, testified that I had taught that man was a mammal like cows, horses, dogs and cats."He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrow asked."No, sir," the youngster said. "He said man had reasoning power.""There is some doubt about that," Darrow snorted.After the evidence was completed, Bryan rose to address the jury. The issue was simple, he declared "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below." The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work. In one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence."The Bible," he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, " is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan."As he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst into applauseand shouts of "Amen". Yet something was lacking. Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have. Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply. "Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible, he observed. "There are other people in this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given post of his life to politics." Bryan sipped from a jug of water as Malone's voice grew in volume. He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion."There is never a duel with the truth," he roared. "The truth always wins -- and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to support it! "When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence.When the court adjourned, we found Dayton's streets swarming with strangers. Hawkerscried their wares on every corner. One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE. (This was J. R. Darwin's everything to Wear Store.) One entrepreneur rented a shop window to display an ape. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponderwhether they might be related."The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, ” a reporter noted, "afraid it might be true. "H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his Pants with a tan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels . Twenty-two telegraphists were sending out 165 000 words a day on the trial.Because of the heat and a fear that the old court's floor might collapse, under the weight of the throng, the trial was resumed outside under the maples. More than 2 000 spectators sat on wooden benches or squattedon the grass, perched on the tops of parked cars or gawked from windows.Then came the climax of the trial. Because of the wording of the anti-evolution law, the prosecution was forced to take the position that the Bible must be interpreted literally. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence. The judge looked startled. "We are calling him as an expert on the Bible," Darrow said. "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."Bryan was suspicious of the wily Darrow, yet he could not refuse the challenge. For year s he had lectured and written on the Bible. He had campaigned against Darwinism in Tennessee even before passage of the anti-evolution law. Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.Under Darrow's quiet questioning he acknowledged believing the Bible literally, and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent "Amens".Darrow read from Genesis: "And the evening and the morning were the first day." Then he asked Bryan if he believed that the sun was created on the fourth day. Bryan said that he did."How could there have been a morning and evening with-out any sun?" Darrow enquired.Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful. Darrow twirled his spectacles as he pursued the questioning. He asked if Bryan believed literally in the story of Eve. Bryan answered in the affirmative."And you believe that God punished the serpent by condemning snakes for ever after to crawl upon their bellies?""I believe that.""Well, have you any idea how the snake went before that time?"The crowd laughed, and Bryan turned livid. His voice rose and the fan in his hand shook in anger."Your honor," he said. "I will answer all Mr. Darrow's questions at once. I want the world to know that this man who does not believe in God is using a Tennessee court to cast slurs on Him...""I object to that statement,” Darrow shouted. “ I am examining you on your tool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes."The judge used his gavel to quell the hubbuband adjourned court until next day.Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.The jury were asked to consider their verdict at noon the following day. The jurymen retired to a corner of the lawn and whispered for just nine minutes. The verdict was guilty. I was fined 100 dollars and costs.Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat." A few southern papers, loyal to their faded champion, hailed it as a victory for Bryan. But Bryan, sad and exhausted, died in Dayton two days after the trial.I was offered my teaching job back but I declined. Some of the professors who had come to testify on my be-half arranged a scholarship for me at the University of Chicago so that I could pursue the study of science. Later I became a geologist for an oil company.Not long ago I went back to Dayton for the first time since my trial 37 years ago. The little town looked much the same to me. But now there is a William Jennings Bryan University on a hill-top over looking the valley.There were other changes, too. Evolution is taught in Tennessee, though the law under which I was convicted is still on the books. The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.。

1.查询se学院学生的学号和姓名SELECT SNO,SNAMEFROM STUDENTWHERE SDEPT='SE'2.查询选修coo2课程的学生学号和成绩，结果按成绩降序排列，如果成绩相同，则按学号升序排列SELECT SNO,GRADEFROM SCWHERE CNO='C002'ORDER BY GRADE DESC,SNO ASC3.查询选修课coo2课程成绩为80-90的学生学号和成绩，并乘以0.9输出SELECT SNO,GRADE*0.9 AS成绩FROM SCWHERE GRADE BETWEEN 80 AND 904.查询se学院或ch学院姓张的学生的信息SELECT*FROM STUDENTWHERE SDEPT IN('SE','CH')AND SNAME LIKE'张%'5.查询“秦海东“教师担任的课程总学时数SELECT CHOURFROM COURSEWHERE CNO IN(SELECT CNO FROM TC WHERE TID IN(SELECT TID FROM TEACHER WHERE TNAME='秦海东'))6.查询“陈流星“同学所选修课程的任课教师信息SELECT*FROM TEACHERWHERE TID IN(SELECT TID FROM TC WHERE CNO IN(SELECT CNO FROM SC WHERE SNO IN(SELECT SNO FROM STUDENT WHERE SNAME='陈流星')))7.查询总成绩在200分以上的学生学号、总成绩和平均成绩SELECT SNO,SUM(GRADE),AVG(GRADE)FROM SCGROUP BY SNO HAVING SUM(GRADE)>2008.在from子句中用innert join连接符指定连接条件查询所有有coo2号课程成绩的学生学号，姓名，成绩SELECT STUDENT.SNO,SNAME,GRADEFROM STUDENTINNER JOIN SC ON (STUDENT.SNO=SC.SNO)WHERE O='C002'AND GRADE IS NOT NULL9.查询选修课程一样且成绩相同的学生基本情况（使用自连接查询）SELECT*FROM STUDENT WHERE SNO IN(SELECT A.SNO FROM SC A,SC B WHERE O=O AND A.GRADE=B.GRADE)10.查询所有考试成绩及格的学生成绩信息，结果包含学生的学号，姓名，性别，选修课称号，成绩，并按成绩进行降序排列（使用内连接inner）GRADE,CNO,SSEX,SNAME,SNO.STUDENT SELECT．FROM STUDENTINNER JOIN SCON STUDENT.SNO=SC.SNO AND GRADE>=60ORDER BY GRADE DESC11.查询所有学生的总成绩（包括没有成绩的学生），学号，姓名（外部链接查询）SELECT SUM(GRADE)AS总成绩,STUDENT.SNO,SNAMEFROM STUDENTINNER JOIN SC ON STUDENT.SNO=SC.SNOGROUP BY STUDENT.SNO,SNAME12.查询某课程成绩在哪90分以上的学生的学号，姓名（使用谓词in连接子查询）SELECT SNO,SNAMEFROM STUDENTWHERE SNO IN(SELECT SNO FROM SC WHERE GRADE>90)13.查询有课程成绩的学生学号和姓名（使用谓词exists连接子查询）SELECT SNO,SNAMEFROM STUDENTWHERE EXISTS(SELECT*FROM SC WHERE STUDENT.SNO=SC.SNO AND GRADE IS NOT NULL)14.从course表中查询课程名中包含“数据“的课程信息SELECT*FROM COURSEWHERE CNAME LIKE'%数据%'15.查询所有学生的及其选修情况(包括未选修任何课程的学生)，显示学生姓名，课程名称，课程成绩(要求使用外链接)SELECT SNAME,CNAME,GRADEFROM SCRIGHT OUTER JOIN StudentON STUDENT.SNO=SC.SNO LEFT OUTER JOIN COURSE ON O=O16.查询所有学生中平均成绩最高的学生学号SELECT TOP 1 WITH TIES SNO,AVG(Grade)AS平均分FROM SCGROUP BY SNOORDER BY平均分DESC;17.查询所有软件工程学院（se）的学生学号，选修课程号以及分数（使用exists谓词）SELECT SNO,CNO,GRADEFROM SCWHERE EXISTS(SELECT*FROM STUDENT WHERE SDEPT='SE')18.查询选修了学号xxx的同学所选修的全部课程的学生姓名，学号，课程名SELECT Sname,SnoFROM StudentWHERE NOT EXISTS(EXISTS NOT AND'20131322001'=Sno.SCA WHERE SCA SC FROM*SELECT(AND Sno.Student=Sno.SCB WHERE SCB SC FROM*SELECTo=o AND Student.Sno!='20131322001'))19.求选修coo1号课程的学生中，coo1课程成绩比“陈流星“高的所有学生学号，姓名，成绩SELECT STUDENT.SNO,SNAME,GRADEFROM STUDENT,SCWHERE STUDENT.SNO=SC.SNO AND CNO='C001'AND Grade>(SELECT GRADE FROM SC,STUDENT WHERE SC.SNO=STUDENT.SNO ANDCNO='C001'AND SNAME='陈流星')20.查询“计算机导论“课程成绩比”数据结构“课程成绩高的学生姓名，课程名，“计算机导论“课程成绩以及”数据结构“课程成绩SELECT SNAME,SC1.GRADE AS计算机导论成绩,SC2.GRADE AS数据结构成绩FROM SC SC1,SC SC2,StudentWHERE SC1.SNO=SC2.SNO AND SC2.SNO=STUDENT.SNO AND O=(SELECT CNO FROM COURSE WHERE CNAME='计算机导论')AND O=(SELECT CNO FROM COURSE WHERE CNAME='数据结构')ANDSC1.GRADE>sc2.GRADE;。

（完整word版）软件需求规格说明书（范例）（word⽂档良⼼出品）.docx项⽬管理协作⽀撑系统软件需求规格说明书⽬录1.引⾔ (2)1.1⽬的 (2)1.2适⽤范围 (2)1.3参考资料 (2)1.4术语和缩略语 (2)2.系统概述 (2)2.1产品描述 (2)2.2产品功能 (4)2.3⼀般约束 (5)3.功能性需求分类 (5)3.1功能描述 1 .................................................................................................................错误！未定义书签。

3.2功能描述 2 (5)4.产品的⾮功能性需求 (11)4.1外部接⼝说明 (11)4.1.1⽤户接⼝ (11)4.1.2软件接⼝ (11)4.2性能需求 (11)4.2.1硬件的限制 (11)4.3属性 (11)4.3.1友好性 (11)4.3.2安全性 (11)4.3.3可维护性 (11)4.3.4可转移 / 换性 (12)4.4系统的运⾏环境 (12)4.5其他需求 (12)4.5.1⽤户操作需求 (12)附录 A：需求确认 (14)1.引⾔1.1⽬的编写此⽂档的⽬的是进⼀步定制软件开发的细节问题, 希望能使本软件开发⼯作更具体。

是为使⽤户、软件开发者及分析⼈员对该软件的初始规定有⼀个共同的理解，它说明了本产品的各项功能需求、性能需求和数据要求，明确标识各功能的实现过程，阐述实⽤背景及范围，提供客户解决问题或达到⽬标所需的条件或权能，提供⼀个度量和遵循的基准。

1.2适⽤范围在各个⾏业中，当我们接受到⽤户的商业项⽬后，在项⽬运⾏的全过程中充满了不确定因素，只有有效的运⽤项⽬管理的科学和艺术，才有可能使项⽬取得成功。

对以上⽅⾯要想达到有效的管理⽔平，必须有⼀套科学的管理⽅法，但是即使有了科学的管理⽅法，由于项⽬⼲系⼈之间的沟通、协作不到位，往往达不到预期的结果。

また1【反复】又，再，还。

表示同样的事情反复发生。

同じ問題をまた間違えた。

同样的问题又错了。

また来週。

下周见。

2【附加】还，另外。

与先前叙述的事物相关，再附加说明其他事物时使用。

この本は学校で買えます。

また、大きな書店でも販売しています。

这本书在学校可以买到。

另外，大型书店也有卖。

まだ1【まだ···ない】还未，还没。

表示所预定的事现在还没有进行或还没完成。

后面动词多用て形。

（第31课p39）昼ご飯はまだ食べていない。

还没吃早饭。

2【从过去持续到现在】还···。

多以ている形式使用，表示同样的状态一直持续着。

（第30课p33）田中さんはまだ電話をしている。

１１月なのにまだ暑い。

3【向未来持续】还会。

表示现在的状态还会继续下去。

これからはまだもっと寒くなる。

雨は、まだ二、三日続くでしょう。

4 【まだ···ある】还有。

表示还留有某些东西或时间等会議までには、まだ時間がある。

広州までの距離は、まだ２０キロがある。

5【经过】才，仅，不过。

与表示时间的词呼应使用，强调离某事仅过了很短的时间。

もう夕方だと思ったが、まだ３時だ。

日本に来て、まだ一年だ。

あと另外，除此之外。

在会话中，用于根据情况想起必要的事情而进行补充。

料理はこのぐらいで十分ですね。

あと、飲み物はこれで足りますか。

我看菜这些应该足够了。

另外，饮料这些够吗？A:参加の人はこれだけですね。

参加的人就这些了吧。

B:あと木村さんも来るかもしれないと言っていました。

另外田中说可能回来。

あと＋数量词あと３日で十分です。

再有三天就够了。

あと少しで終わりますので、待っていただけませんか。

还有一点就完了，能等我一会吗。

ビールはあと２本しかない。

啤酒就还剩下两瓶了。

pany A made an offer a farm product to Company B stating:“Packing in sound bags”. Within the validity, Company B replied “Refer to your telex first accepted, packing in new bags ”. On receiving the reply, Company A began to purchase the goods for export. Days later, as market price of the commodity was falling , Company B wrote to Company A “No contract is entered between us, as you failed to confirm our changing of the packing requirement.”Company A argued that Company B’s acceptance was effective and the contract was established then. Questions:（1）What is your opinion ? Give the reasons to support your opinion.（2）How to prevent such dispute?2.Mr. Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr. Cher. The sales contract was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong. During execution of this contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form and interpretation of the contract.Questions:In such a case, did the law of the U.S.A. or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why ?3.A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sales Contract with a Holland firm on August 5 , 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contract was based on CIF Rotterdam at USD 2 500 per metric ton. The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean-on\board Bill of Lading . During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea . Upon arrival of the goods ,the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller.Question:How would you deal with this case?4.A Chinese trading company A concluded a transaction in steel with a Hong Kong company B on the basis of FOB China Port. Company B immediately resold the steel to Company H in Libya on the terms of CFR Liberia .The L/C from B required the price terms to be FOB China Port and the goods to be directly delivered to Liberia . The L/C also required “Freight Prepaid” to be indicated on Bill of Lading.Question:Why did Company B perform so ? What should we do about it ?5.An export company was prepared to export a batch of tea sets on FOB terms. The buyer asked the company to book the ship on behalf of it , but the charges would be borne by the buyer .As the export company could not book the suitable ship in the stipulated time and the buyer did not agree to replace the transaction conditions ,the delivery was delayed . The buyer wanted to withdraw the contract based on the above reason.Question:IS buyer’s request reasonable?6.One of our companies imported a number of sheets according to CIF terms. When the goods arrived at our side, some damp sheets in transit were found. The seller presented the whole set of the documents agreed upon according to the contract and requested our company to make full payment.Can our company refuse to make the payment for the sheets because of the dampness or make claims ?7.One China Foods Co.,Ltd. Exports a batch of cider. The name of the goods is written as “APPLE WINE “ on the coming letter of credit by the foreign importing company. In order to be identical with the L/C , in all the documents the Chinese company also give the name of the goods as “APPLE WINE “. Unexpectedly, when the goods arrive at the port of importing company, they have been detained by the importing country customs and fined, because on both inner and outer package of this batch of wine, the name of the goods is “ CIDER” instead of “APPLE WINE “.As a result, the foreign company asked the Chinese company to compensation for the loss of the fines.Question:Does the Chinese company have any responsibility ?8.A Chinese export company exported some boxes of apple to Japan, according to the contract two parties concluded, the apple should be Grade Two. But when the seller made the shipment , they found some of the apple were corrupt because of damp weather , so in order to deliver the goods in time, the seller arrange goods immediately and sent the apple(Grade One ) instead, and the Chinese company still marked “Price be still fixed on Grade Two”.Question:Do you think whether the exporter fulfill the duty of the contract ? Why ?9.In 2010, a certain export company of China sent a group of businessmen to the United States for purchase of equipment. In New York both parties reached an oral agreement on such items as specifications, unit price, and quantity. Upon leaving, the group indicated to the other party that, when they got back to Beijing, they would draw a contract, which would become effective after being signed by both parties. After going back to Beijing, the group found that the clients withdrew their import of the equipment, and thus the contract was not signed and the L/C was not opened, either. The US side urged the Chinese side to perform the contract; otherwise they would lodge a claim with the Chinese side in the US.Question:How did the Chinese export company deal with this case in your opinion? Why ?10.A company purchased four kinds of steel plate: 420M/T, and the type is 6 inch, 8 inch ,10 inch and 12 inch. The quantity is 100 M/T each size, and the contract marked that: “5% more or less for each size, at seller’s option” . When the seller delivered the goods , the quantity is : 6 inch-70M/T; 8 inch-80 M/T; 10 inch-60 M/T; 12inch-210M/T. And the total quantity is 420M/T. When the exporter submits the full set of document, the importer refuses to receive the goods owing to quantity problems.Question:Do you think the importer’s action is reasonable ? List you reasons.1．某货轮在航行途中因电线走火，舱内发生火灾，经灌水灭火后统计损失，被火烧毁货物价值5000美元，因灌水救火被水浸坏货物损失6000美元。