公司金融双语期末复习资料

TEST BANKThis part of the Instructor's Manual presents a test bank of true/false statements, multiple choice questions, and, where appropriate, additional problems. The problems are similarto those in the text and may be used for additional assignments or test questions.Chapter 1THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL MARKETSTRUE/FALSEF 1. The power to create money is given by the Constitution to the Federal Reserve.F 2. Since M-2 excludes time deposits, M-2 is a less comprehensive measure of the money supply than M-1.T 3. When individuals withdraw cash from checking accounts, the money supply is unaffected.F 4. The yield curve relates risk and interest rates.T 5. During most historical periods, the yield curve has been positively sloped.T 6. A negatively sloped yield curve is associated with the anticipation that interest rates will decline.F 7. Only paper can perform the function of money.T 8. Stocks and bonds are an alternative to money as astore of value.T 9. What serves for money in France may not be money in another country.F 10. The U.S. Treasury creates most of the nation's money supply.F 11. When individuals deposit cash in a demand deposit, the money supply is reduced.F 12. M-1 includes savings accounts in commercial banks.T 13. A positively-sloped yield curve forecasts the interest rates will rise.F 14. Since investors prefer short-term securities tolonger-term securities, the yield curve is always positively sloped.MULTIPLE CHOICEa 1. M-1 includes coins, currency, and .a. demand depositsb. savings accountsc. certificates of depositd. time depositsb 2. The power to create money is given by the Constitution toa. state governmentsb. Congressc. the Federal Reserved. commercial banksc 3. The term structure of interest rates relatesa. risk and yieldsb. yields and bond ratingsc. term and yieldsd. stock and bond yieldsb 4. The term structure of interest rates indicates thea. relationship between risk and yieldsb. relationship between the time and yieldsc. the difference between borrowing and lendingd. the difference between the yield (interest rate)on government and corporate debtc 5. Money serves asa. a substitute for equityb. a precaution against inflationc. a medium of exchanged. a risk-free liabilityc 6. An asset is liquid if it is easilya. converted into cashb. marketedc. converted into cash without lossd. soldd 7. M-2 includes1. demand deposits2. savings accounts3. small certificates of deposita. 1 and 2b. 2 and 3c. 1 and 3d. all three。

公司金融期末复习Problem:1.Function of financial market and list some financial intermediarieAnswer1:A.contributing to higher production and efficiency in the economyB.Improving the well-being of consumers by allowing them to their purchases better Answer2:(1) facilitate investment and financing.(2) a reasonable guidance of capital flow, which contributes to the concentration of capital and promotes the transfer of high-efficiency units.(3) convenient and flexible turnover of funds.(4) to achieve risk diversification, reduce transaction costs. (5) are conducive to enhancing the flexibility of macro-control. (6) to help strengthen economic ties between regions and countries. Intermediaries: BanksBuilding societies Credit unionsFinancial advisers or brokers Insurance companiesCollective investment schemes Pension funds2.Why profit maximization is not an ideal corporate finance objective?(1)The primary goal of corporate finance is maximize or increase shareholder value not profit(2)To a skilled accountant, however, a decision that increases profits under one set of accounting rules can reduce it under another.(3)Accounting profits are not necessarily the same as cash flows.(4)The problem with profit maximization as a goal is that it does not tell us when cash flows are to be received.(5)Profit maximization ignores the uncertainty or risk associated with cash flows.总：For the fact that a firm cannot survive with mere profitmaximization ,but must increase long-term security through investment and meeting shareholder expectations. This will increase their productive capacity for the future as well as encourage the risky capital investment of the shareholders.3.Characteristics of business organization:(1)sole proprietorship: A business owned and managed by a single individual. Features: Cheapest to form. no formal charter, few government regulations Pays no corporate income taxesUnlimited liability for business debts and obligations. Its life islimited by the life of the sole proprietorThe money raised is limited by the proprietor’s personal wealth(2)partnership:A business formed by two or more individuals or entities.General partnership: All partners share in gains or losses, all have unlimited liability for all partnership debts.Limited partnership: One or more general partners will run the business and have unlimited liability. The limited partner's liability is limited to their contribution to the partnership. Features: Often inexpensive and easy to form Difficult to transfer ownershipDifficult to raise large amounts of cash Income is taxed as personal income(3)Corporati on:Is a legal “person” separate and distinct from its owners . Features: Limited liability for stockholders. Unlimited life for the business.Ownership can be easily transferred.These characteristics make it easier for corporations to raise capital. The disadvantage to corporations is double taxation.4.Why separation of ownership and management is necessary and desirableProfessional Managerial Skills:The growth of a company comes with the demand for different skills to manage the operations of the company, meaning the owners of a company may nothave all of the necessary skills and experience needed for certain managerial roles. Creating a management team separate from the ownership enables the company to be run by professionals with diverse skills such as in marketing, corporate financing and public relations. Easier Performance Appraisals:Performance appraisals are an essential part of good corporate governance, as they enable managers to evaluate the company and to point out areas of improvement. It can be complex to evaluate performance where there is a lack of separation of ownership and management. But separation makes it easier for the board and those in management to be evaluated objectively. Owners can freely deal with the chief executive officer and other senior managers, even after the appraisals.Capital UtilizationCapital utilization involves the arrangements that determine the way in which resources and assets are managed in a company. Separating personal assets and liabilities from the business assets and liabilities may prove difficult for company owners. Managers come in to devise ways in which business assets are managed to generate the highest profits for all shareholders. Checks and BalancesSeparate managers and owners in a firm ensure that a system of checks and balances is in place. Managers act as a buffer between the company and stakeholders such that they can alleviate negative impacts of stakeholder activities and avoid hitches in public relations. Managers are well suited to put in place strategies that will lessen losses to the rest of the stakeholders as a result of the actions of another stakeholder.5.What is corporate finance and describe their decisions?(Shenli)Corporate finance is the study of the answers to the following questions: (1) What long-term investments should you take on?(2)Where will you get the long-term financing to pay for your investment?(3) How will you manage your everyday financial activities?(WIKI)Corporate finance is the area of finance dealing with the sources of funding and the capital structure of corporations and the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, as well as the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources. InvestmentDecisions: Concerning non-current assent or capital budgeting. Evaluating the size, timing and risk of future cash flow. Cash flow versus accounting profitFinancing Decisions: Determine how the assets will be financed. What is the best type of financing? What is the best financing mix?What is the best dividend policy (dividend decision)? Capital structureAsset Management Decisions:How do we manage existing assets efficiently?Greater emphasis on current asset management than fixed asset management.Working capital management.6.Evaluate IRR ruleFor the fact that internal rate of return is a rate quantity,it always is used to be an excellent indicator of the efficiency, quality, or yield of an investment.However,As an investment decision tool, the calculated IRR should not be used to rate mutually exclusive projects, but only to decide whether a single project is worth investing in.The IRR does give you a rate of return,but the IRR could be for a small investment or for only a short period of time.7.The characteristics of bond,stock and preferred?Bond: A bond is a long-term debt instrument issued by a corporation or government. The Face/par/maturity value (MV) [or face value] of a bond is the stated value.The bond’s coupon rate is the stated rate of interest; the annualinterest payment divided by the bond’s face value.The discount rate (capitalization rate) is dependent on the risk of the bond and is composed of the risk-free rate plus a premium for risk.In general, debt securities are characterized by the following attributes:- Creditors (or lenders or bondholders) generally have no voting rights. - Payment of interest on debt is a tax deductible business expense.- Unpaid debt is a liability, which means that default subjects the firm to legal action, by the creditors. Ultimately, financial distress may result in bankruptcy filingPreferred stock :Preferred Stock is a type of stock that promises a (usually) fixed dividend, but at the discretion of the board of directors.Preferred Stock has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and claims on assets.Preferred stock represents equity in the firm, but has features of debt; stated yield, preference in terms of cash flows and liquidation, and some issues are callable and/or convertible into common shares.8.Describe net operation theory ,traditional theory,MMwithout(with)corporate tax,with bankruptcy and agency costtheory9.Describe business risk and DFLBusiness risk:It is the risk associated with operating earnings.Operating earnings are risky because total revenues are risky ,as are the costs of producing revenues.Financial risk is the associated with how a company finances its operations.DFL(degree of financial leverage):is the sensitivity of the cash flows available to owners when operating income changes.DFL=(Percentage change in net income)/(Percentage change in operating income)10.Which cash flow should(not) be taken into account when estimate project cash flowsCash flow from assets = + operating cash flow - capital spending - additions to net working capital Operating cash flow = + earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) + depreciation - taxesShould be taken into:opportunity cost ,side effect,spillovereffect,NWC(Net Working Capital),Taxes,operating cash flow,capital spending Should not be taken into:sunk cost,financial cost,Calculation:PV of a perpetuity = P / iIn this formula "P" represents your annual payment and "i" represents your interest or discount rate. PV of a growing perpetuity = P / (i - g)In this formula "P" represents your annual payment, "i" represents your interest or discount rate and "g" represents the growth rate.2.Valuation of bond(half year)and stock3.Investment criterion IRR,NPV,PBP,PINPV:Giventhe (period, cash flow) pairs (, present valueis given by:) whereis the total number of periods, the netIRR:NPV=0,i=IRRGiven the (period, cash flow) pairs(, present valueis given by:)whereis the total number of periods, the netPBP:Payback Period = W + (X - Y) / ZW is the year before which the investment value is crossed in cumulative cash flows X is the initial investment or the initial cash outlayY is the cumulative cash flow just before the investment value is crossed in cumulative cash flows Z is the cash flow of the year in which the investment value is crossed in the cumulative cash flows PI:PI=(PV of future cash flow )/(Initial investment)=1+NPV/(Initial investment)4.Expanding and Replacement:;EAC:EAC = NPV/A t, r where A= the present value of an annuity factor t = number of periods r = interest rateA t, r=(1-1/(1+r)^t)/r5.WACC,CAPM:WACC:whereis the number of sources of capital (securities, types of liabilities);is the requiredrate of return for security; andis the market value of all outstanding securities .where D is the total debt, E is the total shareholder’s equity, Ke is the cost of equity, and Kd is thecost of debt. Tax effects[edit]Tax effects can be incorporated into this formula. For example, the WACC for a company financedby one type of shares with the total market value ofand cost of equity and one typeof bonds with the total market value of and cost of debt , in a country with corporatetax rate, is calculated as:CAPM:where:is the expected return on the capital assetis the risk-free rate of interest such as interest arising from government bonds(the beta) is the sensitivity of the expected excess asset returns to the expected excess marketreturns, or also,is the expected return of the marketis sometimes known as the market premium (the difference between theexpected market rate of return and the risk-free rate of return).is also known as the risk premiumRestated, in terms of risk premium, we find that:Modified formula:"where:is required return on security iis risk-free rateis general market risk premiumis risk premium for small sizeis risk premium due to company-specific risk factor6.DOL,DFL,DTL,EPS-EBITDOL:DOL =% change in EBIT / % change in sales DFL:DFL =% change in EPS / % change in EBIT DTL:DTL =% change in EPS / % change in sales EPS:earnings per shareEBIT:operating profit7.MM without and with corporate tax;arbitrageWithout taxesProposition Iwhereis the value of an unlevered firm = price of buying a firm composed only of equity, and is the value of a levered firm = price of buying a firm that is composed of some mix of debt and equity. Another word for levered is geared, which has the same meaning.Proposition IIwhereis the required rate of return on equity, or cost of equity.is the company unlevered cost of capital (ie assume no leverage).is the required rate of return on borrowings, or cost of debt.is the debt-to-equity ratio.With taxesProposition Iwhereis the value of a levered firm.is the value of an unlevered firm. is the tax rate () x the value of debt (D)the term assumes debt is perpetualProposition IIwhere:is the required rate of return on equity, or cost of levered equity = unlevered equity +financing premium.is the company cost of equity capital with no leverage (unlevered cost of equity, or return onassets with D/E = 0).is the required rate of return on borrowings, or cost of debt.is the debt-to-equity ratio. is the tax rate.。

Chapter 5错误！未指定书签。

THE FEDERAL RESERVETRUE/FALSEF 1. The power to create money is given by the Constitution to theFederal Reserve.创造货币的权力是宪法赋予美联储T 2. When corporations retire (pay off) loans from commercial banks, excess reserves are increased.当企业退休从商业银行（支付）的贷款，超额准备金增加。

F 3. When the general public uses money in checking accountsto purchase stock issued by corporations, the required reserves of banks are reduced.当一般公众使用的钱在支票账户购买公司发行的股票，所需要的银行的准备金就会减少F 4. Only large commercial banks are subject to the regulation ofthe Federal Reserve.只有大型商业银行受到美联储的监管F 5. When the Federal Reserve sells securities, the money supplyis increased.当美联储出售证券，货币供应量增加T 6. When the Federal Reserve buys securities, the reserves of banks are increased.当美联储购买证券，银行的准备金增加T 7. Open market operations is a more flexible tool of monetary policy than the reserve requirements.公开市场操作是货币政策的一个更灵活的工具，比准备金要求T 8. Reserve requirements are infrequently changed to affect commercial bank lending.准备金要求频繁改变会影响商业银行贷款T 9. The Open Market Committee has twelve members that include the Board of Governors.公开市场委员会有十二名成员，其中包括理事会F 10. The presidents of the District Banks elect the Board ofGovernors of the Federal Reserve.该地区银行的总统选举联邦储备理事会F 11. The federal funds rate is the interest rate the FederalReserve charges banks when they borrow reserves.联邦基金利率是利率联邦储备银行收费时，他们借入储备F 12. If the Treasury borrows from the Federal Reserve, thelending capacity of banks is reduced.如果财政部从美联储借，银行的放贷能力降低T 13. If the Treasury sells debt that is purchased by corporations and uses the funds to purchase military equipment, theexcess reserves of the banking system are not affected.如果财政部出售债券是由公司购买并使用的资金购买军事装备，多余的银行体系储备不受影响T 14. Deflation is a period of declining prices.通货紧缩是一个时期价格下跌F 15. During a period of recession, the Fed sells securities.在衰退期，美联储出售证券T 16. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of inflation.居民消费价格指数（ CPI）是衡量通货膨胀的T 17. The Federal Reserve is independent of the U.S. Treasury and is owned by commercial banks.美联储是独立于美国财政部，由商业银行所拥有F 18. The President of the United States appoints the Federal OpenMarket Committee.美国总统任命的联邦公开市场委员会F 19. Since the reserves of commercial banks earn interest, thereis an incentive to hold excess reserves.由于商业银行的准备金赚取利息，还有持有超额准备金的奖励T 20. Open market operations is a more flexible tool of monetary policy than the discount rate.公开市场操作是货币政策的一个更灵活的工具比贴现率T 21. Commercial banks may buy and sell reserves in the federal funds market.商业银行可以在联邦基金市场上购买和出售储备T 22. If the Treasury issues new bonds that are purchased by the general public, the money supply is reduced if the Treasurydeposits the funds in the Federal Reserve.如果财政部发布了由广大市民购买新的债券，货币供应量减少，如果国库存款资金在美联储F 23. Recession is a period of falling prices.经济衰退是一个时期的价格下跌F 24. When commercial banks grant loans to the public, theirtotal reserves are reduced.当商业银行发放贷款的市民，他们的总储量减少MULTIPLE CHOICEa 1. Withdrawing cash from a checking account does not decrease 从支票帐户提取现金不减少a. the money supply货币供应量b. demand deposits活期存款c. total reserves总储量d. excess reserves超额准备金d 2. Excess reserves are affected by超额准备金受1. reserve requirements准备金要求2. the repayment of existing bank loans现有偿还银行贷款3. cash withdrawals现金提款d. 1, 2, and 3b 3. When commercial banks grant loans,当商业银行发放贷款a. the money supply is reduced货币供应量减少b. the money supply is increased货币供应量增加c. total reserves increase总储量增加d. total reserves decrease总储量减少b 4. If deposits are withdrawn from a commercial bank, it mayobtain reserves by如果存款从商业银行撤出，它可能是由获得储备a. acquiring an asset收购资产b. borrowing in the federal funds market在联邦基金市场借款c. lending funds in the federal funds market在联邦基金市场资金d. liquidating a liability清算负债a 5. When a commercial bank receives a cash deposit,当商业银行收到的现金存款1. its required reserves increase其所需的储备增加2. its required reserves decrease其所需的储备减少3. its total reserves increase其总储量增加4. its total reserves decrease其总储量减少a. 1 and 3b 6. Commercial banks lend excess reserves for one day in the商业银行放贷超额储备为一天中的a. stock market股市b. federal funds market联邦基金市场c. reserves market储备市场d. over-the-counter market过？的？柜台市场b 7. The Federal Reserve increases reserves by美国联邦储备局增加储备a. selling securities出售证券b. buying securities买证券c. raising reserve requirements提高存款准备金率d. raising the discount rate提高贴现率b 8. The Federal Reserve美国联邦储备委员会a. is part of the U.S. Treasury是美国财政部的一部分b. is owned by member banks由成员银行拥有c. is the nation's largest commercial bank是全国最大的商业银行d. lends funds to corporations借出资金的公司b 9. By lowering the discount rate, the Federal Reserve通过降低贴现率，美联储a. discourages commercial banks from lending鼓励商业银行从贷款b. encourages commercial banks to borrow reserves鼓励商业银行借入储备c. discourages depositors from withdrawing funds鼓励存户提款d. contracts the money supply收缩货币供应量d 10. The purpose of the Federal Reserve is to美联储的目的是a. finance government operations金融政府运作b. protect investors from bank failures保护投资者免受银行倒闭c. protect deposits from bank failures保护存款银行倒闭d. control the supply of money and credit控制货币信贷总量c 11. The structure of the Federal Reserve includes美联储的结构包括1. all commercial banks各商业银行2. the twelve district banks在12家地方银行3. the Board of Governors 理事会c. 2 and 3c 12. The members of the Board of Governors area. elected by the member banksb. appointed by the Senatec. appointed by the President of the United Statesd. elected by the Federal Open Market Committeec 13. During a period of recession, a federal government surplusshould retire debt oweda. the Federal Reserveb. commercial banksc. the general publicd. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporationa 14. The Federal Reserve may contract the money supply by1. selling securities2. buying securities3. raising reserve requirements4. lowering reserve requirementsa. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4理事会的成员是由成员银行推选由参议院任命由美国总统任命联邦公开市场委员会选举产生在衰退期，联邦政府的盈余应该退休欠下的债美联储商业银行广大市民美国联邦存款保险公司美联储可能通过收缩货币供应量出售证券买证券提高存款准备金率降低准备金要求如果联邦政府经营赤字，并从商业银行借入，总存款不受影响总存款增加超额准备金减少超额准备金均有所下降d 15. If the federal government runs a deficit and borrows fromcommercial banks,1. total deposits are not affected2. total deposits are increased3. excess reserves are reduced4. excess reserves are decreaseda. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4c 16. If the federal government runs a deficit and finances thedeficit by borrowing from the Federal Reserve,1. the reserves of commercial banks are reduced2. the reserves of commercial banks are increased3. the required reserves of commercial banks areincreased4. the required reserves of commercial banks arereduceda. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4b 17. Anticipation of inflation discourages1. saving2. borrowing3. lending4. purchasing goodsa. 1 and 2b. 1 and 3c. 2 and 3d. 3 and 4b 18. If the federal government runs a surplus,a. expenditures exceed taxesb. receipts exceed disbursementsc. debt must be issuedd. the Federal Reserve buys bondsb 19. Recession is a period ofa. declining pricesb. declining employmentc. declining unemploymentd. rising interest ratesb 20. The Board of Governorsa. manages the nation's stock of goldb. has the substantive control over the money supplyc. controls the U. S. Treasuryd. is appointed by the U. S. Treasurera 21. If commercial banks grant loans,a. the money supply is increasedb. total reserves are increasedc. excess reserves are increasedd. the money supply is reducedd 22. Commercial banks may borrow reserves from each other in thea. reserves marketb. stock marketc. bank marketd. federal funds marketa 23. By selling securities to the general public, the FEDa. reduces the money supplyb. raises commercial banks' depositsc. increases the money supplyd. increases banks' excess reservesa 24. The tools of monetary policy includea. open market operationsb. the purchase of corporate stockc. the federal government deficitd. taxationb 25. If the federal government runs a deficit,a. taxes exceed expendituresb. expenditures exceed taxesc. receipts exceed taxesd. taxes exceed revenuesb 26. Anticipation of inflation encouragesa. lendingb. borrowingc. retiring debtd. savingc 27. During a period of recession the Federal Reserve1. increases the federal funds rate2. buys government securities3. sells government securities4. lowers the federal funds area. 1 and 2b. 1 and 3c. 2 and 4d. 3 and 4SUPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONS1. If the reserve requirement for demand deposits is 10 percent,what is the maximum change in the money supply that thebanking system can create ifa. the Federal Reserve puts $1,000,000 of new reserves inthe banking systemb. $1,000,000 in cash is deposited in checking accountsc. General Motors borrows $1,000,000 from an insurancecompany?Answers:a. new excess reserves: $1,000,000maximum possible expansion in the money supply:$1,000,000/.1 = $10,000,000b. new excess reserves: $1,000,000 - 100,000 = $900,000maximum possible expansion in the money supply:$900,000/.1 = $9,000,000c. new excess reserves: $0maximum possible expansion in the money supply:$0/.1 = $0(Borrowing from the non-bank public does not affect thebanking system's ability to create new money.)2. What is the effect on (1) demand deposits, (2) requiredreserves, and (3) excess reserves of banks given thefollowing transactions?a. The general public builds up its holdings of cash bywithdrawing funds in checking accounts.b. After Christmas the general public deposits cash in checkingaccounts in commercial banks. (How may seasonal changes in the public's need for cash alter banks' ability to lend?)c. Corporations borrow from commercial banks.d. State and local governments issue debt securities that arepurchased by commercial banks.e. Homeowners borrow from commercial banks to finance homeimprovements. (Are there any differences on the expansion ofthe money supply in questions (c), (d), and (e)?)f. A bank in California with excess reserves lends these fundsthrough the federal funds market to a bank in Maine that hasinsufficient reserves.g. Corporations issue short-term securities that are purchased bythe general public.h. Corporations retire (i.e., pay off) loans from commercial banks.i. The Federal Reserve buys Treasury bills that are sold by thegeneral public.j. The Federal Reserve raises the discount rate, and banks retire debt owed the Federal Reserve.k. The Federal Reserve raises the reserve requirement on demand deposits.l. The Treasury borrows from the banks to finance payments.m. The federal government runs a deficit and borrows the funds from the general public.n. The federal government runs a deficit and borrows the funds from the Federal Reserve.Answers:a. Demand deposits - lowerRequired reserves - lowerExcess reserves - lowerb. Demand deposits - higherRequired reserves - higherExcess reserves - higherThese two questions illustrate that a seasonal flow of deposits into or out of the banking system will affect the reserves of the banking system. Unless the banks are able to find liquidity elsewhere (e.g., the Federal Reserve), such seasonal changes in reserves may produce fluctuations in the supply of credit.c. Demand deposits - higherRequired reserves - higherExcess reserves - lowerd. Demand deposits - higherRequired reserves - higherExcess reserves - lowere. Demand deposits - higherRequired reserves - higherExcess reserves - lowerThese three questions illustrate that from the viewpoint of the banking system, it does not matter if the banks acquire debt issued by firms, governments, or households. To acquire the debt, the banks must have excess reserves. After they have used their excess reserves, the money supply is expanded, and the excess reserves become required reserves.f. Demand deposits - no changeRequired reserves - no changeExcess reserves - no changeUnlike in the previous questions, the lending of excess reserves from one bank to another does not in the aggregate increase or decrease the reserves of the banking system.g. Demand deposits - no changeRequired reserves - no changeExcess reserves - no changeLoans between members of the non-bank general public do not affect banks' reserves and thus do not affect their capacity to lend.h. Demand deposits - lowerRequired reserves - lowerExcess reserves - higherWhile the creation of new loans uses the banks' excess reserves and creates new money, the retiring of loans from commercial banks reduces demand deposits and restores excess reserves (i.e., increases excess reserves).i. Demand deposits - higherRequired reserves - higherExcess reserves - higherj. Demand deposits - no changeRequired reserves - no changeExcess reserves - lowerk. Demand deposits - no changeRequired reserves - higherExcess reserves - lowerQuestions j and k illustrate two major monetary tools, the reserve requirement and the discount rate. Notice that changing the discount rate and the reserve requirements do not in themselves change demand deposits. Their impact is on reserves, and theeffect of this impact may lead to a change in the supply of money. l. Demand deposits - higherRequired reserves - higherExcess reserves - lowerm. Demand deposits - no changeRequired reserves - no changeExcess reserves - no changen. Demand deposits - increaseRequired reserves - increaseExcess reserves - increaseDuring a period of inflation, a policy that contracts the money supply and the capacity of banks to lend is desirable. Theopposite situation would apply during a recession. If there were a deficit during a period of recession, it is desirable to increase the money supply and the capacity of the banks to lend. Hence n is better than m.。

金融学双语考试复习资料Chapter 1经济学关注的3个问题：How scarce resources are allocated in the productionprocess among competing uses.How income generated in the production and sale of goods and services is distributed among members of society.How people allocate their income through spending, saving, borrowing and lending decisions.Default（违约）- When a borrower fails to repay a financial claim.借方未能偿还金融债务Liquidity（流动性）- The ease with which a financial claim can be converted to cash without loss of value. 金融索取权可以比较容易地且不损失价值地转化成现金的特性。

Depository institutions （储蓄机构）–Financial intermediaries, such as commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, and mutual savings banks, that issue checkable deposits. 发放支票存款的金融中介，如商业银行、存储贷款、信用联盟、互助储蓄银行。

5. Why do financial intermediaries exist? What services do they provide to the public? Are all financial institutions financial intermediaries?Financial intermediaries exist to link up net lenders and net borrowers and to help minimize the transaction costs associated with borrowing and lending. Financial services provided by financialintermediaries include appraising and diversifying risk from individual net lenders. Not all financial intermediaries areinstitutions, such as stock and bond brokers merely link up net lenders and net borrowers for a fee and do not issue claims on themselves.16. Diane Weil earns wages of $45,000 and interest and dividend income of $5,000. She spends $8,000 as a down payment on a newly constructed mountain cabin and lends $4,000 in financial markets. Assuming that Diane spends the remainder of her income on consumption, what is her saving? Is she a net lender or a net borrower? What is her consumption?Chapter 2Money (货币)- Anything that functions as a means of payment (medium of exchange), unit of account, and store of value. 作为支付手段（即交换媒介）、记账单位和价值储藏手段的物品。

【名词解释】【The Special Drawing Right (SDR) 特别提款权】p 30The Special Drawing Right (SDR) is an international reserve asset created by the IMF to supplement existing foreign exchange reserves. (It serves as a unit of account for the IMF and is also the base against which some countries peg the exchange rate for their currencies.【LIBOR 伦敦同业银行拆解率】p 33Eurocurrency Interest Rates: LIBORLIBOR〔London Interbank Offered Rate〕is the reference rate of interest in the Eurocurrency market, and is now the most widely accepted rate of interest used in standardized quotations, loan agreements or financial derivatives valuations. LIBOR is officially defined by the British Bankers Association.【Dollarization美元化】Dollarization – the use of the US dollar as the official currency of the country.只将美元用作官方通货。

【Eurodollar 欧洲美元】Eurodollar is one of the European currency types，which refers to the dollar deposits in banks outside the united states 是指存放在美国以外的银行中的美元存款，欧洲美元是欧洲货币的一种类型。

（一）论述、简答、计算题：1、What is the current account balance of France when the French budget surplus is 348million Euros, private saving is 256 million Euros, domestic capital formation is 134 million Euros?解答：National saving = private saving + government saving = 256+348=604 millionCurrent account balance = national saving – domestic real investment = 604-134=470 million附：Current account balance(CA)=net foreign investment(If)National saving(S)=domestic real investment(Id)+net foreign investment(If)If=CA=S-Id , CA=Y(domestic production of goods and services)-E(total expenditures on goods and services)2、Which of the following transactions could contribute to a British current account surplus? Explain whya French firm sells defense equipment to the British government for 250 million pounds in bank depositsb Great Britain makes a gift of $500 million to the Iraqi government to aid in reconstruction.c The United States borrows 200 million pounds on a short-term basis from the British government to buy 200 million pounds in textiles from Great Britain.C：merchandise exports——current account surplusA：merchandise imports——current account deficitB：unilateral transfer——current account deficit3、You are provided with the following information about a country’s international transactions during a given year:Service exports $346Service imports $354Merchandise exports $480Merchandise imports $348Income flows, net $153Unilateral transfers, net $142Increase in the country’s holding of foreign assets, net(excluding official reserves assets) $352Increase in forei gn holdings of the country’s assets, net(excluding official reserve assets) $252Statistical discrepancy, net $154a.Calculate the official settlements balance and the current account balance.b.Is the country increasing or decreasing its net holdings of official reserve assets?Why?A: Current account balance=net credits – net debits on(the flow of goods ,services ,income and unilateral transfer)=（346—354）+（480—348）+153—142 = 135Financial account balance= foreign holdings of the country’s assets – the country’s holdingof foreign assets =—352 + 252 = —100So, official settlement balance(B)=CA balance + financial account balance= 135 —100=35B: Current account balance = 132—8+153—142=135B = CA + FA = 135 + （—100）= 35B + OR + Statistical discrepancy = 0OR = —1894、For each case below, state whether the euro has appreciated or depreciated and give an exampleof an event that could cause the change in the exchange rate.a.The spot rate goes from 450 euros/Mexican peso to 440 euros/Mexican peso.b.The spot rate goes from 0.011 Mexican pesos/euro to 0.006 Mexican pesos/euro.c.The spot rate goes from 1.48 euros/British pound to 1.51 euros/British pound.d.The spot rate goes from 0.73 British pounds/euro to 0.75 British pounds/euro.A: indirect quotation, euro appreciatedB: direct quotation, euro depreciatedC: indirect quotation, euro depreciatedD: direct quotation, euro appreciated5、What are the two forms of interbank foreign exchange trading? Compare and contrasthe similarities and differences of the two forms.Form 1 Interbank trading is conducted directly between the traders at different banksForm 2 Interbank trading are conducted through foreign exchange brokerSimilarities: Both are making the foreign exchange trades.Differences:①Form1,the traders know to whom they are quoting exchange rates for possible。

公司金融学期末复习一、名词解释1. corporate finance 公司金融The corporate finance reflects the law of capital movement.公司金融反映资本运动的规律。

2.sole proprietorship 个体业主制A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person.独资企业是由一个人拥有的企业。

3.Partnership 合伙制Any two to more person can get together and form a partnership. Partnership fall into two categories general partnership and limited partnership.任何两个更多的人一起合伙。

伙伴关系可以分为两类，普通合伙和有限责任合伙公司。

4.independent project 独立项目An independent project is one whose acceptance or rejection is independent of the acceptance or rejection of other projects.一个独立的项目是一个其接受或拒绝的是独立的接受或拒绝的其他项目。

5.liquidation 清算Liquidation means termination of the firm as a going concern, it involves selling the assets of the firm for salvage value.公司的终止作为一个持续的关注，它涉及出售公司资产的残值。

6.capital surplus 资本盈余Capital surplus usually refers to amount of directly contributed equity capital in excess of the par value.资本盈余通常是指量的直接贡献股本的溢价。

Problem: 1.Function of financial market and list some financial intermediarie Answer1: A.contributing to higher production and efficiency in the economy B.Improving the well-being of consumers by allowing them to their purchases better Answer2: (1) facilitate investment and financing. (2) (2) a a a reasonable reasonable reasonable guidance of guidance of capital capital flow, flow, flow, which which which contributes contributes contributes to to to the the the concentration concentration concentration of of of capital capital capital and and promotes the transfer of high-efficiency units. (3) convenient and flexible turnover of funds. (4) to achieve risk diversification, reduce transaction costs. (5) are conducive to enhancing the flexibility of macro-control. (6) to help strengthen economic ties between regions and countries. Intermediaries: Banks Building societies Credit unions Financial advisers or brokers Insurance companies Collective investment schemes Pension funds 2.Why profit maximization is not an ideal corporate finance objective? (1)The primary goal of corporate finance is maximize or increase shareholder value not profit (2)To a skilled accountant, however, a decision that increases profits under one set of accounting rules can reduce it under another. (3)Accounting profits are not necessarily the same as cash flows. (4)The problem with profit maximization as a goal is that it does not tell us when cash flows are to be received. (5)Profit maximization ignores the uncertainty or risk associated with cash flows. 总：For For the the the fact fact fact that that that a a a firm firm firm cannot cannot cannot survive survive survive with with with mere mere mere profit profit profit maximization maximization maximization ,but ,but ,but must must must increase increase long-term long-term security security security through through through investment investment investment and and meeting meeting shareholder shareholder shareholder expectations. expectations. expectations. This will This will increase their productive capacity for the future as well as encourage the risky capital investment of the shareholders. 3.Characteristics of business organization: (1)sole proprietorship: A business owned and managed by a single individual. Features: Cheapest to form. no formal charter, few government regulations Pays no corporate income taxes Unlimited liability for business debts and obligations. Its life is limited by the life of the sole proprietor The money raised is limited by the proprietor ’s personal wealth (2)partnership:A business formed by two or more individuals or entities. General General partnership: partnership: partnership: All All All partners partners partners share share share in in in gains gains gains or or or losses, losses, losses, all all all have have have unlimited unlimited unlimited liability liability liability for for for all all partnership debts. Limited Limited partnership: partnership: partnership: One One One or or or more more more general general general partners partners partners will will will run run run the the the business business business and and and have have have unlimited unlimited liability. The limited partner's liability is limited to their contribution to the partnership. Features: Often inexpensive and easy to form Difficult to transfer ownership Difficult to raise large amounts of cash Income is taxed as personal income (3)Corporation:Is a legal “person ” separate and distinct from its owners . Features: Limited liability for stockholders. Unlimited life for the business. Ownership can be easily transferred. These characteristics make it easier for corporations to raise capital. The disadvantage to corporations is double taxation. 4.Why separation of ownership and management is necessary and desirableProfessional Managerial Skills: The The growth growth growth of of of a a a company company company comes comes comes with with with the the the demand demand demand for for for different different different skills skills skills to to to manage manage manage the the operations of the company, meaning the owners of a company may not have all of the necessary skills and experience needed for certain managerial roles. Creating a management team separate from the ownership enables the company to be run by professionals with diverse skills such as in marketing, corporate financing and public relations. Easier Performance Appraisals: Performance Performance appraisals appraisals appraisals are are are an an an essential essential essential part part part of of of good good good corporate corporate corporate governance, governance, governance, as as as they they they enable enable managers to evaluate the company and to point out areas of improvement. It can be complex to evaluate evaluate performance performance performance where where where there there there is is is a a a lack lack lack of of of separation separation separation of of of ownership ownership ownership and and and management. management. management. But But separation separation makes makes makes it it it easier easier easier for for for the the the board board board and and and those those those in in in management management management to to to be be be evaluated evaluated evaluated objectively. objectively. Owners can freely deal with the chief executive officer and other senior managers, even after the appraisals. Capital Utilization Capital utilization involves the arrangements that determine the way in which resources and assets assets are are are managed managed managed in in in a a a company. company. company. Separating Separating Separating personal personal personal assets assets assets and and and liabilities liabilities liabilities from from from the the the business business assets and liabilities may prove difficult for company owners. Managers come in to devise ways in which business assets are managed to generate the highest profits for all shareholders. Checks and Balances Separate managers and owners in a firm ensure that a system of checks and balances is in place. Managers act as a buffer between the company and stakeholders such that they can alleviate negative impacts of stakeholder activities and avoid hitches in public relations. Managers are well suited to put in place strategies that will lessen losses to the rest of the stakeholders as a result of the actions of another stakeholder. 5.What is corporate finance and describe their decisions?(Shenli)Corporate finance is the study of the answers to the following questions: (1) What long-term investments should you take on? (2)Where will you get the long-term financing to pay for your investment? (3) How will you manage your everyday financial activities? (WIKI)Corporate finance is the area of finance dealing with the sources of funding and the capital structure of corporations and the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, as well as the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources. Investment Decisions: Concerning non-current assent or capital budgeting. Evaluating the size, timing and risk of future cash flow. Cash flow versus accounting profit Financing Decisions: Determine how the assets will be financed. What is the best type of financing? What is the best financing mix? What is the best dividend policy (dividend decision)? Capital structure Asset Management Decisions:How do we manage existing assets efficiently? Greater emphasis on current asset management than fixed asset management. Working capital management. 6.Evaluate IRR ruleFor For the the the fact fact fact that that that internal internal internal rate rate rate of of of return return return is is is a a a rate rate rate quantity,it quantity,it quantity,it always always always is is is used used used to to to be be be an an an excellent excellent indicator of the efficiency, quality, or yield of an investment. However,As an investment decision tool, the calculated IRR should not be used to rate mutually exclusive projects, but only to decide whether a single project is worth investing in. The IRR does give you a rate of return,but the IRR could be for a small investment or for only a short period of time. 7.The characteristics of bond,stock and preferred?Bond: A bond is a long-term debt instrument issued by a corporation or government. The Face/par/maturity value (MV) [or face value] of a bond is the stated value. The bond ’s coupon rate is the stated rate of interest; the annual interest payment divided by the bond ’s face value. The discount rate (capitalization rate) is dependent on the risk of the bond and is composed of the risk-free rate plus a premium for risk. In general, debt securities are characterized by the following attributes: - Creditors (or lenders or bondholders) generally have no voting rights. - Payment of interest on debt is a tax deductible business expense. - Unpaid debt is a liability, which means that default subjects the firm to legal action, by the creditors. Ultimately, financial distress may result in bankruptcy filing Preferred stock :Preferred Stock is a type of stock that promises a (usually) fixed dividend, but at the discretion of the board of directors. Preferred Stock has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and claims on assets. Preferred stock represents equity in the firm, but has features of debt; stated yield, preference in terms of cash flows and liquidation, and some issues are callable and/or convertible into common shares. 8.Describe net operation theory ,traditional theory,MM theorywithout(with)corporate tax,with bankruptcy and agency cost9.Describe business risk and DFLBusiness risk:It is the risk associated with operating earnings.Operating earnings are risky because total revenues are risky ,as are the costs of producing revenues. Financial risk is the associated with how a company finances its operations. DFL(degree DFL(degree of of of financial financial financial leverage):is leverage):is leverage):is the the the sensitivity sensitivity sensitivity of of of the the the cash cash cash flows flows flows available available available to to to owners owners owners when when operating income changes. DFL=(Percentage change in net income)/(Percentage change in operating income) 10.Which cash flow should(not) be taken into account when estimate project cash flowsCash flow from assets = + operating cash flow - capital spending - additions to net working capital Operating cash flow = + earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) + depreciation - taxes Should be taken into:opportunity cost ,side effect,spillover effect,NWC(Net Working Capital),Taxes,operating cash flow,capital spending Should not be taken into:sunk cost,financial cost, Calculation:1.Annuity;Perpetuity:PV:FVC = Cash flow per period i = interest rate n = number of paymentsC = Cash flow per period i = interest rate n = number of paymentsPV of a perpetuity = P / i In this formula "P" represents your annual payment and "i" represents your interest or discount rate. PV of a growing perpetuity = P / (i - g) In this formula "P" represents your annual payment, "i" represents your interest or discount rate and "g" represents the growth rate. 2.Valuation of bond(half year)and stock3.Investment criterion IRR,NPV ,PBP,PINPV: Given Given the the the (period, (period, (period, cash cash cash flow) flow) flow) pairs pairs pairs ((, ) ) where where is is the the the total total total number number number of of of periods, periods, periods, the the the net net present value is given by: IRR:NPV=0,i=IRR Given Given the the the (period, (period, (period, cash cash cash flow) flow) flow) pairs pairs pairs ((, ) ) where where is is the the the total total total number number number of of of periods, periods, periods, the the the net net present value is given by: PBP: Payback Period = W + (X - Y) / Z W is the year before which the investment value is crossed in cumulative cash flows X is the initial investment or the initial cash outlay Y is the cumulative cash flow just before the investment value is crossed in cumulative cash flows Z Z is is the the cash cash cash flow flow flow of of of the the the year year year in in in which which which the the the investment investment investment value value value is is crossed crossed in in in the the the cumulative cumulative cumulative cash cash flows PI: PI=(PV of future cash flow )/(Initial investment)=1+NPV/(Initial investment) 4.Expanding and Replacement:;EAC:EAC = NPV/A t, r where A= the present value of an annuity factor t = number of periods r = interest rate A t, r=(1-1/(1+r)^t)/r 5.WACC,CAPM:W ACC: where is the number of sources of capital (securities, types of liabilities); is the required rate of return for security ; and ; and is the market value of all outstanding securities . where D is the total debt, E is the total shareholder’s equity, Ke is the cost of equity, and Kd is the cost of debt. Tax effects[edit] Tax effects can be incorporated into this formula. For example, the WACC for a company financed by one type of shares with the total market value of and cost of equity and one type of bonds with the total market value of and cost of debt , in a country with corporate tax rate , is calculated as: CAPM: where: is the expected return on the capital asset is the risk-free rate of interest such as interest arising from government bonds (the beta) is the sensitivity of the expected excess asset returns to the expected excess market returns, or also , is the expected return of the market is is sometimes sometimes sometimes known known known as as as the the the market market market premium premium premium (the (the (the difference difference difference between between between the the expected market rate of return and the risk-free rate of return). is also known as the risk premium Restated, in terms of risk premium, we find that: Modified formula: "where: is required return on security i is risk-free rate is general market risk premium is risk premium for small size is risk premium due to company-specific risk factor 6.DOL,DFL,DTL,EPS-EBITDOL: DOL =% change in EBIT / % change in sales DFL: DFL =% change in EPS / % change in EBIT DTL: DTL =% change in EPS / % change in sales EPS:earnings per share EBIT:operating profit 7.MM without and with corporate tax;arbitrageWithout taxes Proposition I where is the value of an unlevered firm = price of buying a firm composed only of equity, and is the value of a levered firm = price of buying a firm that is composed of some mix of debt and equity. Another word for levered is geared, which has the same meaning. Proposition II where is the required rate of return on equity, or cost of equity. is the company unlevered cost of capital (ie assume no leverage). is the required rate of return on borrowings, or cost of debt. is the debt-to-equity ratio. With taxes Proposition I where is the value of a levered firm. is the value of an unlevered firm. is the tax rate () x the value of debt (D) the term assumes debt is perpetual Proposition II where: is is the the the required required required rate rate rate of of of return return return on on on equity, equity, equity, or or or cost cost cost of of of levered levered levered equity equity equity = = = unlevered unlevered unlevered equity equity equity + + financing premium. is the company cost of equity capital with no leverage (unlevered cost of equity, or return on assets with D/E = 0). is the required rate of return on borrowings, or cost of debt. is the debt-to-equity ratio. is the tax rate. 。

国际金融复习资料英文版International Finance Revision Material - English VersionInternational finance is a field of study that deals with money management and economic activities that take place between nations. It is a crucial component of global trade, as it enables businesses and individuals to conduct transactions across borders and make decisions that impact the world economy. This revision material aims to provide an overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of international finance.1. Exchange RatesExchange rates refer to the value of one currency expressed in terms of another currency. Exchange rates play a significant role in international finance because they affect the competitiveness of a country's exports and also the cost of imports. There are different types of exchange rates, including the fixed exchange rate system, the floating exchange rate system, and the managed floating exchange rate system.2. Balance of PaymentsThe balance of payments is a record of all financial transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It comprises the current account, the capital account, and the financial account. The current account records transactionsrelated to trade in goods and services, while the capital account records transactions related to capital flows, such as foreign investment. The financial account records transactions related to the purchase and sale of financial assets.3. International Capital MarketsInternational capital markets are financial markets where individuals, institutions, and governments can buy and sell financial assets across national borders. Examples of international capital markets include the foreign exchange market, the bond market, and the stock market. These markets facilitate the flow of capital across borders, allowing investors to diversify their portfolios and businesses to access funding from global sources.4. International Monetary SystemThe international monetary system is the framework within which countries conduct transactions and manage their currencies. There are different international monetary systems in history, including the gold standard, the Bretton Woods system, and the floating exchange rate system. The current international monetary system is a managed floating exchange rate system, where exchange rates are determined by market forces but may be influenced by government intervention.5. International TradeInternational trade refers to the exchange of goods and services across borders. International trade is essential foreconomic growth and development because it allows countries to access resources and markets that they do not have domestically. However, international trade can also create imbalances in trade flows, leading to trade deficits or surpluses.6. International Negotiations and AgreementsInternational negotiations and agreements are crucial for maintaining stability and promoting cooperation in international finance. Examples of international negotiations and agreements include the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the European Union (EU). These organizations facilitate international trade, promote stable exchange rates, and provide financial assistance to countries in need.In conclusion, understanding the fundamental concepts and principles of international finance is crucial for anyone interested in global trade and economics. This revision material provides a broad overview of the topics covered in international finance and is a useful resource for students, researchers, and professionals in the field. By familiarizing themselves with these concepts, individuals can make informed decisions about international finance and contribute to the stability and growth of the global economy.。

公司金融双语期末复习资料一、判断题二、计算题(4—5题）三、名词解释1。

Corporate finance（公司金融)Corporate finance is the study of the answers to the following questions:What long-term investments should you take on？Where will you get the long-term financing to pay for your investment？How will you manage your everyday financial activities？企业融资是下列问题的答案的研究：把你要什么样的长期投资?你将在哪里获得长期的资金支付你的投资？你如何管理你的日常财务活动?2.financial manager（财务经理）anyone who deals with investment and/or financing decisions for a business.The CFO, controller，treasurer凡涉及一个企业的投资和融资决策.首席财务官，控制器,司库3。

maturity（到期日）The direction of bond investors borrowing principal or other debt to date，but also stop interest payment day.借贷方向投资者偿付债券本金或其他债务的日期,也是停止支付利息的日子.4。

present value（现值)Present value （Present value）, index funds reduced to the base year，also known as the discounted present values，also called on the value of the future cash flow，refers to an appropriate discount rate to discount the value of. Refers to assets in accordance with the is expected to generate from its continuing use and ultimate disposal of the future discounted net cash inflow amount，in accordance with the expected liabilities within the time limit to future net cash outflow discount the amount of reimbursement。

A Chapter 4F 1. A financial intermediary transfers funds from borrowersto lenders by creating claims on itself.金融中介机构通过建立自身债权转让从借款人的资金贷款T 2. When cash is deposited in a checking account, thereserves of commercial banks are increased.当现金存入支票帐户时，商业银行的准备金增加F 3. When funds are deposited in a savings account, the excess reserves of banks are unaffected.当资金存入储蓄账户中，银行的超额准备金不受影响F 4. Large certificates of deposit in units of $500,000 are insured by FDIC.存款50万元的单位大证由美国联邦存款保险公司的保险保障T 5. In general, banks prefer loans that stress liquidityand safety.一般情况下，银行更喜欢强调流动资金贷款和安全性T 6. Savings and loan associations are a major source of mortgage funds.储蓄和贷款协会是抵押贷款资金的主要来源F 7. Insurance companies are a major source of loans to individuals.保险公司是个人贷款的主要来源T 8. Money market mutual funds invest in short-term securities like U.S. Treasury bills.货币市场共同基金投资于如美国国库券的短期证券F 9. An increase in interest rates tends to reduce theearnings of money market mutual funds.在利率上升往往会降低货币市场共同基金的收益T 10. A pension plan that invests in the stock of IBM orVerizon does not perform the function of a financial intermediary.投资于IBM或Verizon公司的股票的退休金计划不执行金融中介的功能F 11. Investments in money market mutual funds are insured up to $100,000 by the federal government.在货币市场共同基金投资是投保高达10万美元的联邦政府T 12. A financial intermediary creates claims on itself, when it accepts depositors' funds.金融中介机构建立自身债权，当它接受存款人的资金F 13. If a firm issues securities that are sold to a commercial bank, individuals' savings are directly transferred to the firm. 。

国际金融中英文版国际金融中英文版Chapter 2:Payments among NationsSingle-Choice Questions1.A country’s balance of payments records:一个国家的国际收支平衡记录了Ba.The value of all exports of goods and services from that country for a period of time.b.All flows of value between that country‟s residents and residents of the rest of theworld during a period of time在一定时间段里一个国家居民的资产和其它世界居民资产的流动c.All flows of financial assets that cross that country‟s borders during a period of time.d.All flows of goods into that country during a period of time.2.A credit item in the balance of payments is: 在国际收支平衡里的贷项是Aa. An item for which the country must be paid.一个国家必须收取的条款b. An item for which the country must pay.c. Any imported item.d. An item that creates a monetary claim owed to a foreigner.3.Every international exchange of value is entered into the balance-of-payments accounts__________ time(s). 每一次国际等价交换都记进国际收支帐户２次Ba.1b.2c.3d.44.A debit item in the balance of payments is: 在国际收支平衡中的借项是Ba. An item for which the country must be paid.b. An item for which the country must pay.一个国家必须支付的条款c. Any exported item.d. An item that creates a monetary claim on a foreigner.5.In a nation's balance of payments, which one of the following items is always recorded as a positive entry? D在国际收支中下列哪个项目总被视为有利条项a. Changes in foreign currency reserves.b. Imports of goods and services.c. Military foreign aid supplied to allied nations.d. Purchases by foreign travelers visiting the country.国外游客在本国发生的购买6.The sum of all of the debit items in the balance of payments: 在收支平衡中所有贷项的总和Ba. Equals the overall balance.b. Equals the sum of all credit items.等于所有借项的总和c. Equals …compensating‟ transactions.d. Equals the sum of credit items minus errors and omissions.7.Which of the following capital transactions are entered as debits in the U.S. balance of payments? 下列哪个资本交易在美国的收支平衡中当作借项？Ba. A U.S. resident transfers $100 from his account at Credit Suisse in Basel (Switzerland) to his account at a San Francisco branch of Wells Fargo Bank.b. A French resident transfers $100 from his account at Wells Fargo Bank in San Francisco to his Credit Suisse account in Basel.一个法国居民在旧金山的Fargo Bank 用其帐户转帐１００美金到位于巴塞尔的瑞士信贷户口c. A U.S. resident sells his IBM stock to a French resident.d. A U.S. resident sells his Credit Suisse stock to a French resident.8.An increase in a nation's financial liabilities to foreign residents is a: 一个国家对另一个国家金融负债的增加是一种Ca. Reserve inflow.b. Reserve outflow.c. Capital inflow.资本流入d. Capital outflow.9___A_______ are money-like assets that are held by governments and that are recognized by governments as fully acceptable for payments between them.官方国际储备资产是一种类似于钱的资产，这种资产由政府掌握并作为政府间的一种支付手段得到充分认可.a. Official international reserve assets官方国际储备资产b. Unofficial international reserve assetsc. Official domestic reserve assetsd. Unofficial domestic reserve assets10.Which of the following is considered a capital inflow? 下列哪项被视为资本流入Aa. A sale of U.S. financial assets to a foreign buyer.美国一金融资产卖给一外国买家b. A loan from a U.S. bank to a foreign borrower.c. A purchase of foreign financial assets by a U.S. buyer.d. A U.S. citizen‟s repayment of a loan from a foreign bank.11.In a country‟s balance of payments, which of the following transactions aredebit?一个国家的收支平衡表中,哪个交易属于借项？Aa. Domestic bank balances owned by foreigners are decreased.外国人拥有的国内银行资产的下降b. Foreign bank balances owned by domestic residents are decreased.c. Assets owned by domestic residents are sold to nonresidents.d. Securities are sold by domestic residents to nonresidents.12.The role of ___D_______ is to direct one nation’ ssavings into another nation‟s investments:资金流的作用是指导一个国家的储蓄进入到另一个国家的投资a. Merchandise trade flowsb. Services flowsc. Current account flowsd. Capital flows资金流13.The net value of flows of goods, services, income, and unilateral transfers is called the: 商品服务,收入和单方面转让等现金流的净收益叫经常账目（户）Ba. Capital account.b. Current account.经常账目（户）c. Trade balance.d. Official reserve balance.14.The net value of flows of financial assets and similar claims (excluding official international reserve asset flows) is called the: 金融资产和类似的资产（官方国际储备资产流除外）的净值流叫Aa.Financial account.金融帐b. Current account.c. Trade balance.d. Official reserve balance.15.The financial account in the U.S. balance of payments includes: 美国国家收支表中的金融帐包括：Ba. Everything in the current account.b. U.S. government payments to other countries for the use of military bases.美政府采用其它国家军事基地所需支付款项c. Profits that Nissan of America sends back to Japan.d. New U.S. investments in foreign countries.16.ＡU.S. resident increasing her holdings of a foreign financial asset causes a: 一个美国居民增持一外国金融资产会引起Da. Credit in the U.S. current account.b. Debit in the U.S. current account.c. Credit in the U.S. capital account.d. Debit in the U.S. capital account.美国资本帐的借帐17. A foreign resident increasing her holdings of a U.S. financial asset causes a: 一个美国居民增持本国一金融资产会引起Ca. Credit in the U.S. current account.b. Debit in the U.S. current account.c. Credit in the U.S. capital account.美国资本帐的贷帐d. Debit in the U.S. capital account.18.A deficit in the current account: 经常帐户中的赤字Aa. Tends to cause a surplus in the financial account.会导致金融帐中的盈余b. Tends to cause a deficit in the financial account.c. Has no relationship to the financial account.d. Is the result of increasing exports and decreasing imports.19. In September, 2005, exports of goods from the U.S. decreased $3.3 billion to $73.4 billion,and imports of goods increased $3.8 billion to $144.5 billion. This increased the deficitin:2005年8月,美国商品出口降低了33亿美元,共734亿美元；商品进口上升到1145亿美元,上长了38亿.这样增加了哪个方面的赤字？Ca. The balance of payments.b. The financial account.c. The current account.经常帐户d. Unilateral transfers.20.Which of the following would contribute to a U.S. current account surplus? 以下哪项有助于美国现金帐的盈余？Ba.The United States makes a unilateral tariff reduction on imported goods.b.The United States cuts back on American military personnel stationed in Japan.美国削减在日本的军事人员c. U.S. tourists travel in large numbers to Asia.d. Russian vodka becomes increasingly popular in the United States.21.Which of the following transactions is recorded in the financial account?以下哪个交易会被当作金融帐Aa. Ford motor company builds a new plant in China 福特摩托公司在中国设立车间b. A Chinese businessman imports Ford automobiles from the United States.c. A U.S. tourist spends money on a trip to China.d. The New York Yankees are paid $10 million by the Chinese to play an exhibition game in Beijing, China.22.If a British business buys U.S. government securities, how will this be entered in the balanceof payments? 如果一英国商人购买了美国政府的债,那么这个交易在收支平衡表中会被当作是？Ca. It will appear in the trade account as an import.b. It will appear in the trade account as an export.c. It will appear in the financial account as an increase in U.S. assets held by foreigners.会被当作是外国人所有的美国资产增长d. It will appear in the financial account as a decrease in U.S. assets held by foreigners.23.In the balance of payments, the statistical discrepancy or error term is used to: 在收支平衡表中, 统计差异与错误项目会用来确保借帐总和跟贷帐总和一致Aa. Ensure that the sum of all debits matches the sum of all credits.b. Ensure that imports equal the value of exports.c. Obtain an accurate account of a balance-of-payments deficit.d. Obtain an accurate account of a balance-of-payments surplus.24.Official reserve assets are: 官方储备资产是Ba. The gold holdings in the nation’s central bank.b. Money like assets that are held by governments and that are recognized by governments as fully acceptable for payments between them.官方国际储备资产是一种类似于钱的资产，这种资产由政府掌握并作为政府间的一种支付手段得到充分认可c. Government T-bills and T-bonds.d. Government holdings of SDR’s25. Which of the following constitutes the largest component of the world‟s international reserve assets? 下列哪项构成了世界国际储备资产的大部份？Da. Gold.b. Special Drawing Rights.c. IMF Reserve Positions.d. Foreign Currencies.外汇（币）26.The net accumulation of foreign assets minus foreign liabilities is: 海外净资产的积累减去外债等于Ca. Net official reserves.b. Net domestic investment.c. Net foreign investment.国外投资净值d. Net foreign deficit.27.A country experiencing a current account surplus: 一个国家经历经常帐户的盈余Ba. Needs to borrow internationally.b. Is able to lend internationally.就有能力向外放贷c. Must also have had a surplus in its "overall" balance.d. Spent more than it earned on its merchandise and service trade, international income payments and receipts and international transfers.28.The ___C_______ measures the sum of the current account balance plus the private capital account balance.官方结算差额是指经常帐户余额的总和加上私人资本帐（B=CA+FA,FA:为非官方投资和储备）a. Official capital balanceb. Unofficial capital balancec. Official settlements balance官方结算差额d. Unofficial settlements balance29.If the overall balance is in __A________, there is an accumulation of official reserve assetsby the country or a decrease in foreign official reserve holdings of the country's assets.如果综合差额处于盈余，那么会出现本国官方储备资产的积累或者国外官方储备的减少（B=CA+FA,B+OR=，OR:官方储备金额）a. Surplus盈余b. Deficitc. Balanced. Foreign hands30. Which of the following is the current account balance NOT equal to? 以下哪项不等同于经常项目Da. The difference between domestic product and domestic expenditure.b. The difference between national saving and domestic investment.c. Net foreign investment.d. The difference between government saving and government investment. 政府储蓄与政府投资的差值True/False Questions31.Capital inflows are debits and capital outflows are credits.资金流入是借项，资金外流是贷项32.The net value of the flow of goods, services, income, and gifts is the current account balance. (T) 商品,服务,收入和单方面转让等现金流的净收益叫经常账目余额33.The net flow of financial assets and similar claims is the private current account balance.金融资产和类似的资产的净值叫经常帐目余额34.The majority of countries' official reserves assets are now foreign exchange assets, financialassets denominated in a foreign currency that is readily acceptable in international transactions. (T)大部份官方储备资产作为以外汇资产和金融资产为命名的外币在世界上交易与流通.35.A country's financial account balance equals the country's net foreign investment.一个国家的金融帐差额相当于一个国家的净国外投资36.A country has a current account deficit if it is saving more than it is investing domestically. 一个国家如果在国内的储蓄比投资要大,那么会出现经常账目赤字37.The official settlements balance measures the sum of the capital account balance plus the public current account balance. 官方结算差额是资金帐户余额的总额加上公共经常帐户余额38.A nation's international investment position shows its stock of international assets and liabilities at a moment in time. (T)一个国家的国际投资状况反映出它在特定时间里的国际资产股份以及债务情况.39.A nation is a borrower if its current account is in deficit during a time period. (T)在一段时间内,如果一个国家的经常帐出现赤字,那么它就是借方.40.A nation is a debtor if its net stock of foreign assets is positive. 如果一个国家的国外资产净储备是正数,那么它是借方（债务方）41.A transaction leading to a foreign resident increasing her holdings of a U.S. financial asset will be recorded as a debit on the U.S. financial account.如果一项交易引起一外国居民增持美国金融资产的股份,那么这项交易在美国金融帐中会被当作借项42. A credit item is an item for which a country must pay.贷项是指一个国家必须还款的条项43.Gold is a major reserve asset that is currently often used in official reserve transactions.黄金作为主要的储备资产,常被用在官方储备交易当中.44.The current account balance is equal to the difference between domestic product and national expenditure.(T)经常项目余额等于国民生产与国民支出的差额45.In 2007 U.S. households, businesses and government were buying more goods and services than they were producing.(T)2007年,美国家庭,商业,政府购买的商品和服务比他们生产（商品和服务）的要多.46你是提供以下信息,一个国家的国际交易,在一个特定年份:Service exports $346Service imports $354Merchandise exports $480Merchandise imports $348Income flows, net $153Unilateral transfers, net $142Increase in the country holding of foreign assets, net (excluding official reserves assets) $352 Increase in foreign holdings of the country assets, net (excluding official reserve assets) $252 Statistical discrepancy, net $154CA 余额: $346-354+480-348+153+142=$419；官方结算余额: $346-354+480-348+153+142+252-352+154=$473；Change in official reserve assets (net) =官方结算余额=$473Chapter 3:The Foreign Exchange MarketSingle-Choice Questions1.Foreign exchange is: D外汇交易是a. The act of trading different nations‟ monies.不用国家货币的交易b. The holdings of foreign currency.对不同货币的持有c. The act of importing foreign goods and services.d. Both (a) and (b) are correct.2.If the price of British pounds in terms of U.S. dollars is $1.80 per pound, then the price of U.S. dollars in terms of British pounds is:B如果英磅对美元的汇率是1比1.8,那么美元对英磅的汇率是1比0.555a. 1.80£per dollar.b. 0.555£per dollar.c. 0.90£per dollar.d. 3.60£per dollar.3. Suppose the exchange rate between the Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar is 100 yen per dollar. AJapanese stereo with a price of 60,000 yen will cost:B假设日元对美元的汇率是100比1,那么一台日元为60000的音响要花多少美元a.$1,667b.$600c.$6,000d.$1004. Suppose that a Korean television set that costs 600 won in Korea costs $400 in the United States. These prices suggest that the exchange rate between the won and the dollar is:Awon per dollarb.0.75 won per dollarc.$1.50 per wond.$3 per won5.Th e ___D_______ exchange rate is the price for “immediate” currency exchange.即时汇率是指外汇的即时价格a. Currentb. Forwardc. Futured. Spot6.The ___B_______ exchange rate is the price set now for an exchange that will take place sometime in the future.远期汇率是指由协议双方预订的将来会发生的汇率a. Currentb. Forwardc. Future spotd. Spot7.The foreign exchange market is:C外汇市场是指a. A single gathering place where traders shout buy and sell orders at each other.b. Located in New York.c. A grouping, by electronic means, of banks and traders who work at banks thatconduct foreign exchange trades.银行和交易者以电子方式集聚于一起进行外汇的买卖d. Located in London.8.___D_______ foreign exchange trading involves currency exchanges done between individuals and banks. 小额外汇交易（散户外汇交易）包含私人与银行间的外汇交易a. Interbankb. Consumerc. Intra-bankd. Retail9.The U.S. dollar is called a ____A______ because it is often used as an intermediary to accomplish trading between two other currencies.美元被称为周转货币,因为经常被用来完成其它两种货币的交易a. Vehicle currency周转货币（交易通货）b Main currencyc. Common currencyd. Primary currency10. Suppose that the exchange value of the British pound is $2 per pound while the exchangevalue of the Swiss franc is 50 cents per franc. From this we can conclude that the exchange rate between the pound and the franc is: Da. 1 franc per poundb. 2 francs per poundc. 3 francs per poundd. 4 francs per pound11.Which of the following is NOT a function of the interbank operations of the foreign exchange market? D下列哪一个不是外汇交易市场中银行间操作方式的一种？a. Provides a bank with a continuous stream of information on conditions in the foreign exchange market.b. Provides a bank the means to readjust its own position quickly and at low cost.c. Permits a bank to take on a position in a foreign currency quickly.d. Provides a bank with technological resources for use in foreign exchange trading.提供技术资源给一间银行,用来进行外汇交易12. Under the managed float system of exchange rates, a fall in the market price of a currencyis called:B在管理浮动汇率制度下,一种货币价格的下降被称为a. Devaluation.b. Depreciation.贬值c. Appreciation.d. Both (a) and (b).13.Interbank trading is conducted directly between ___A_______ or through the use of _________ that provide anonymity until the trade is complete and reduce search costs.银行间的交易是在交易者之间进行的或者通过经纪人提供操作直到交易结束.a. Traders; brokersb. Brokers; tradersc. Individual consumers; the governmentd. Individual consumers; brokers14. A country’s demand for foreign currency is derived from:一个国家对外汇的需求来自于（表示外国货币需求增加，本国货币流出）a. International transactions entering the debit column of its balance of payments accounts.国际交易进入到其收款帐户的借方栏里b. International transactions entering the surplus column of its balance of payments accounts.c. The country’s demand for currency to finance exports and capital inflows.d. The country’s demand for currency to finance its government’s compensating transactions.15. U.S. exports of goods and services will create a ___B_______ foreign currency and a ______ U.S. dollars. 美国商品与服务的出口会创造出外汇的供给以及美元的需求a. Demand for; supply ofb. Supply of; demand forc. Shortage of; demand ford. Supply of; shortage of16. U.S. imports of goods and services will create a ___A_______ foreign currency and a _____ U.S. dollars. 美国商品与服务的进口会创造出外汇的需求以及美元的供给a. Demand for; supply ofb. Supply of; demand forc. Shortage of; demand ford. Supply of; shortage of17. U.S. capital inflows will create a ____B______ foreign currency and a __________ U.S. dollars.美国资本流入会创造出外汇的供给和美元的需求a. Demand for; supply ofb. Supply of; demand forc. Shortage of; demand ford. Supply of; shortage of18. In a ____C______ exchange rate system there is no intervention by the government or central bankers. 浮动汇率制度里,政府与中央银行不得进行干涉a. Fixedb. Peggedc. Floatingd. Managed float19.As the value of the yen falls relative to the U.S. dollar:C如果日元对美元的汇率下降了,那么对日元的需求会上升a. Japanese goods become more expensive to U.S. consumers.b. The supply of dollars will fall.c. The demand for yen will rise.d. U.S. goods become less expensive to Japanese consumers.20.The demand curve for foreign currency slopes downward because as the exchange rate___A_______ the quantity demanded __________.外汇的需求曲线会下降是因为随着汇率的上升,需求量就下降a. Increases; decreasesb. Increases; increasesc. Decreases; decreasesd. Decreases; stays fixed21.Shifts in demand away from French products and toward U.S. products (caused by forces other than changes in the exchange rate) would result in extra attempts to ___C_______euros and __________ dollars. 如果法国商品的需求下降并转稳到美国商品身上（由外力而是汇率引起），会引起欧元的额外卖与美元的购入a. Buy; buyb. Sell; sellc. Sell; buyd. Buy; sell22.Other things equal, if American exports to Japan increase and American imports from Japan decrease, then under a floating exchange rate system, we would expect the dollar to:D其它条件一样的情况下，美国出口到日本的商品上升而美国进口日本的商品下降，在浮动汇率制度下，美元将对日元走强。

Chapter 3SECURITIES MARKETSTRUE/FALSEF 1. The major function of the New York Stock Exchange isto raise funds for corporations.F 2. The SEC sets the margin requirement.F 3. If a stock is quoted 10-11, an investor can sellthe stock for $11 a share.T 4. Stocks not traded on an organized exchange are tradedover-the-counter (e.g., the Nasdaq stock market).T 5. A brokerage firm that offers to buy and sell a stockat specified bid and ask prices is "making a market."T 6. A "specialist" makes a market in stocks traded on an organized exchange.T 7. Investors are protected from failures of brokerage firmsby the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.F 8. In a short sale investors sell stock they own with the intention to buy it back within a short period of time.T 9. Short sellers profit when security prices decline.F 10. The larger the margin requirement, the greater theproportion of a stock purchase the investor may borrow.F 11. NYSE is a system for providing bid and ask prices forover-the-counter (OTC) stocks.T 12. The efficient market hypothesis suggests that investors should not expect to outperform the market.T 13. The American Stock Exchange is an example of a secondary market.F 14. A purchase of 50 shares is an example of an even lot.F 15. The person who makes a market in a stock traded on the NYSE is called a dealer.T 16. After investors purchase securities, they must make payment by the settlement date.F 17. The margin requirement for stocks is set by the Federal Reserve.T 18. The use of margin increases the potential percentage return on an investment in stock.F 19. Securities markets are often inefficient, so investors can anticipate beating the market over a period of years.T 20. Stock prices tend to adjust rapidly to new information. MULTIPLE CHOICEc 1. The regulation of security marketsa. protects investors from poor investmentsb. is enforced by the Federal Reservec. is enforced by the SECd. applies only to government securitiesc 2. Organized securities marketsa. are examples of financial intermediariesb. transfer resources from savers to borrowersc. are secondary marketsd. are not subject to regulationb 3. The individual (or firm) who makes a market1. guarantees to buy at specified (bid) prices2. guarantees to buy at specified (ask) prices3. guarantees to sell at specified (bid) prices4. guarantees to sell at specified (ask) pricesa. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4d 4. The minimum margin requirement is established bya. brokerage firmsb. Congressc. the SECd. the Federal Reserveb 5. If an investor sells short, the individual1. sells borrowed securities2. sells securities from his or her portfolio3. anticipates a price increase4. anticipates a price decreasea. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4c 6. American Depository Receipts1. represent American securities traded abroad2. represent foreign stocks traded in the United States3. facilitate trading in foreign stocks4. facilitate trading in American securitiesa. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4d 7. The efficient market hypothesis suggests1. American securities markets are not competitive2. American securities markets are very competitive3. investors can expect to outperform the market4. investors cannot expect to outperform the marketa. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4a 8. In an efficient market, security pricesa. adjust rapidly to new informationb. adjust slowly to new informationc. poorly value a firm's future prospectsd. indicate that the firm is overvaluedc 9. If an individual buys stock on margin and its price rises,a. the investor must put up additional collateralb. the investor must pay tax on the unrealized gainc. the investor must pay interest on the borrowed fundsd. the investor may take delivery of the stockb 10. Efficient securities markets imply thata. investors cannot outperform the marketb. investors cannot expect to outperform the marketc. security prices are randomly determinedd. there is little risk of loss over an extended investment horizond 11. An investor may place a limit order thata. limits the amount of commissionsb. specifies when the stock will be purchasedc. establishes the exchange on which the securityis to be bought or soldd. states a price at which the investor seeks tobuy or sell the stockd 12. A specialista. stresses one type of investmentb. only buys stockc. analyzes corporate securitiesd. makes a market in securitiesb 13. The New York Stock Exchangea. is a financial intermediaryb. is a secondary marketc. transfers funds to businessesd. forbids buying stock on marginb 14. If the quote on a stock is reduced,1. supply exceeded demand2. demand exceeded supply3. some potential buyers leave the market4. some potential buyers enter the marketa. 1 and 3b. 1 and 4c. 2 and 3d. 2 and 4d 15. Entering a sell order at $18.50 when the bid is 18-19a. is a market orderb. illustrates a short salec. requires a margin paymentd. is a limit orderd 16. Buying stock on margin1. is an example of financial leverage2. is buying stock with borrowed funds3. requires leaving the stock with the brokera. 1 and 2b. 1 and 3c. 2 and 3d. all threea 17. Over-the-counter stock quotes are obtained througha. Nasdaqb. SECc. SIPCd. FDICc 18. The efficient market hypothesisa. suggests that the market for securities is becomingless efficientb. implies that investor can consistently outperformthe marketc. is built upon competition and the rapid dissemination of informationd. suggests that security prices change slowly over time d 19. Which of the following is inconsistent with efficient securities markets?a. stock prices change rapidly in response to newinformationb. investors cannot expect to outperform the marketconsistentlyc. bond prices change rapidly in response to newinformationd. analysis of financial data will lead to superiorinvestment performance。

金融英语期末重点总结一、基本概念与词汇1. 资产管理：Asset Management，是指对投资者个人或机构的资金进行管理和投资的活动。

2. 负债：Liability，指一个人或机构所欠他人或其他组织的货币、商品或服务等。

3. 存款：Deposit，指将货币存入银行或其他金融机构的行为。

4. 贷款：Loan，指个人或企业从银行或其他金融机构获得的资金，并按约定的利率和条件偿还。

5. 利率：Interest Rate，是指借贷资金的价格。

通常以百分比形式表示，用于衡量借贷资金的成本或回报。

6. 风险：Risk，指在投资或经营过程中遭受亏损的可能性。

7. 股票：Stock，指公司以吸引投资者的方式发行的所有权证明，股权的一部分。

8. 债券：Bond，是指债务人（发行债券的公司或政府）向债权人（购买债券的投资者）借款的债权凭证。

9. 股息：Dividend，是指上市公司向股东分配的盈利的一部分。

10. 保险：Insurance，是指保险公司架起的经济保护的桥梁，将风险分散到各个投保人，以减轻其负担。

二、金融市场与金融产品1. 证券市场：Securities Market，是指股票、债券等金融工具的交易市场。

2. 股票市场：Stock Market，是指股票的买卖市场。

主要分为一级市场和二级市场。

3. 债券市场：Bond Market，指债券的买卖市场。

分为一级市场和二级市场。

4. 期货市场：Futures Market，是指用来进行期货交易的场所。

5. 外汇市场：Foreign Exchange Market，是指用来交换不同国家货币的市场。

6. 金融衍生品：Financial Derivatives，是指与金融资产相关的衍生产品。

包括期权、期货、互换等。

7. 互联网金融：Internet Finance，是指利用互联网技术进行金融服务的新兴业态。

8. 数字货币：Digital Currency，是指用数字技术发行和流通的货币。