下载文档原格式
中考复习专项（十一）——动词的时态和语态1.(2020·重庆中考)Listen! Our teacher ______ in the music classroom.A．sings B．sang C．will sing D．is singing2.(2020·重庆中考)Don’t drink coffee before going to bed, or you ______ easily.A．don’t fall asleep B．won’t fall asleepC．didn’t fall asleep D．haven’t fallen asleep3.(2020·甘肃中考)I want a mobile phone which ______ good pictures.A．took B．is taking C．takes D．take4.My mother ________ a good example for me since I was young.A. wasB. has beenC. will beD. is5.When I was in primary school, the books ________ me to a wonderful world.A. broughtB. are bringingC. bringD. have brought6.(2020·吉林中考)Tom ______ when I called him yesterday.A．read B．is reading C．was reading7.(2020·重庆A卷中考)Another bridge over the Jialing River ______ last year.A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built8.(2020·海南中考)Many successful businessmen ______ to Hainan to give advice on how to build Hainan Free Trade Port.A．invite B．are invited C．are inviting9.(2020·扬州中考)—Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi?—Sure.Thousands of baozza ______ at a baozi factory in Yangzhou each day next month.A．will make B．makes C．was made D．will be made10.(2020·泰州中考)This pair of trousers ______ smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.A．feels B．feel C．is felt D．are felt思考并总结：中考真题中关于动词的时态和语态的考点主要有哪些？你觉得自己哪一部分最需加强？请在下述思维导图中用红笔重点标出自己的易错点并分享出来。
2019年中考英语常考知识点之动词语态解析和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。
如果动作由主语执行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，则可使用被动语态。
由此我们能够看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。
被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成，一定要记住是及物动词。
助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。
适合被动语态的情况：不知道动作由谁发出，或因为某种原因没有必要说明谁发出动作。
如： This table is made of wood. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，如： This park was built for children.注意：主动句中的主语如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示"人或人们"，没有确指执行者是谁，为被动句时，通常省略"by+执行者"。
如：The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.注意：在主动句里,不定式在make，see，hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to，但变成被动句时，后面的不定式都需带to。
如：He was made to do that work.主动语态不能变被动语态的情况：学了被动语态，别以为主动句和被动句能够随意转换，千万要注意呀!有些主动语态不能转换成被动语态。
当宾语是反身代词时, 如：You should take care of yourself. 当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时，如：Does the skirt suit you?。
第十一章动词的语态思维导图知识梳理一、语态概述英语动词除了有时态之外,还有语态,表示主语和谓语的不同关系.如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词则用被动语态.动作的执行者用“by”引导的短语表示,但往往被省略;动作的对象则充当了被动语态句中的主语.汉语中常用“挨”“被”“受”等词来表示这个意思.The boy broke the window.那个男孩把玻璃窗打碎了.(主动语态)The window was broken by the boy.这扇玻璃窗被那个男孩打碎了.(被动语态)They watched the children sing that morning.那天早上他们看着孩子们唱歌.(主动语态)The children were watched to sing that morning.那天早上,孩子们被观看唱歌.(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成“助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式.助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样.现以动词ask为例,列表如下:方式(一)一般现在时This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.这种电视是广州制造的.Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.汉语是世界上最多人讲的语言.(二)一般过去时The thief was arrested.小偷被抓住了.These pictures were taken on the Great Wall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的.(三)一般将来时Your watch will be repaired.你的表将会被修理好.The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开.(四)现在进行时A new road is being built outside my house.我们家门口正在修一条新路.The watch is being repaired.这只表正在修理.(五)过去进行时The bridge was being repaired when we passed it.我们过桥时,桥正在修.While the supper was being prepared,the light suddenly went out.正在做晚饭时,电灯突然灭了.(六)过去将来时They decided that invitations would not be sent out unless they were carefully checked.他们决定除非经过仔细校对,否则请柬不会发送出去.(七)现在完成时Your wallet has been found.你的钱夹已经找到了.Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了.(八)过去完成时By1972a cooperative medical system had been set up in this area.到1972年这个地区已建立了合作医疗制度.When the anthem had been played,the Congress began.奏完国歌后,大会开始.四、被动语态的用法(一)不知道谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态My watch was stolen.我的手表被窃了.This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克是棉制的.Her son was killed in World War II.她的儿子在第二次世界大战中战死.(二)没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态The children have been very well looked after.孩子们得到很好的照顾.A big building has been put up in my home town.我家乡已经建起一座大楼.Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年必须种很多树.This hat was made in China.这顶帽子是中国制作的.The bicycles must not be put here.这儿不准放车.(三)强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态The letter was posted.信发了.She was asked to sing a song.她被要求唱支歌.He cannot be relied on.他不可靠.A liar is looked down upon.说谎的人被人看不起.(四)出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作的执行者Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police.有谁看见这只狮子,请给动物园和警方打电话.You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你认真一点做.(五)为使句子结构简练、紧凑,上下连贯,也即出于行文的需要When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his home land for political reasons.他年轻时,就由于政治原因被迫离开了祖国.Lenin often talked to his comrades and was always listened to attentively.列宁经常和同志们谈话,同志们总是留心听他说.(六)在文章标题、广告、新闻等中常用省略助动词be的被动语态Telephone call placed.(TCP)电话接通了.(省略了has been)Girls Wanted.招女工.(广告用语,省略了are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞.(新闻报道,省略了is)五、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态,其结构是:情态动词＋be+过去分词.Young trees cannot be cut down.小树不可以砍伐.The exercises must be done in class.练习必须在课堂上做.This dictionary must be taken good care of.这本词典必须保管好.The time in class must be made good use of.上课的时间必须好好地利用.六、主动形式表示被动意(一)某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词read,write,clean,wash,iron,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,blow,peel,sell,act等,常和副词well,easily, smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动含义.The pen writes well.这支笔很好写.(二)动词need,require,want,deserve,be worth后接v.-ing的主动结构常表被动含义This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看.The car needs cleaning.这辆汽车需要清扫了.(三)有些动词如:cook,print,do等,常用主动结构的进行时表被动含义The lunch is cooking.午饭正在烧.(四)某些系动词如feel,prove,smell,taste,sound等加上形容词,也可用主动语态表示被动意义.如:The food tastes delicious.这食物味道很美.七、主动语态变为被动语态的方法把主动语态的结构变为被动语态结构时,要做如下的变动:(一)主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语(二)主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态结构的谓语动词(be+动词的过去分词)(三)主动结构的主语变为介词“by”的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后.若动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by组成的短语就可以省略(四)主动语态变被动语态时,时态要保持一致(五)含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构,变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不动.一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,这样句子显得自然一些Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.阅览室的书和报纸都不能带走.This kind of bike is not made in our factory.这种自行车不是我们厂生产的.This picture can't have been drawn by him.这张画不可能是他画的.When was that book published?那本书是什么时候出版的?Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?会邀请我们参加开幕式吗?点拨(1)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语.若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for.常见的能接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的词有:give,show,bring,lend,send(送,寄)等,这些词与介词to 搭配.还有buy,make,draw(画画)等,这些词与介词for搭配.We gave them some books.我们给了他们一些书.They were given some books.(变间接宾语为主语)Some books were given(to)them.(变直接宾语为主语)(2)含有宾语补足语的句子,宾语变为主语后,宾语补足语改为主语补足语,原来的位置一般不变.但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,句子变成被动语态后则要加to,以便将两个动词隔开.We keep food cold in the fridge.=→Food is kept cold in the fridge.我们用电冰箱保鲜食品.Every day the tiger makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.＝→Every day one of the smaller animals was made to bring the tiger something to eat.老虎每天强迫一个小动物给他带吃的东西来.(3)短语动词的被动语态短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组,在被动结构中也是如此,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词.The nurse takes good care of the children.阿姨很好地照顾小孩.The children are taken good care of by the nurse.孩子们受到保姆很好的照顾.八、系表结构和被动语态的区别(一)系表结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时,而被动结构可用于多种时态(二)系表结构中的过去分词常常有其固定的介词搭配,被动结构则没有(三)系表结构中的过去分词可被very等副词修饰;被动结构中的过去分词可用much修饰.比较:The husband was very agitated about his wife's health.丈夫为他妻子的健康状况深感不安.(系表结构)Milk,meat,eggs and vegetables are produced in the farm.这个农场盛产牛奶、肉,鸡蛋和各种蔬菜.(被动结构)They were asked to speak at the meeting.他们被邀请在会议上讲话.(被动结构)He was puzzled about it.他为那件事感到困惑.(系表结构)九、不能使用被动语态的情况(一)某些表示状态的及物动词作谓语时常见的表示状态的及物动词有have(有),fit(适合),suit(适合),hold(容纳),cost(花费)等.The room can hold100people.这个房间能容纳100人.(二)宾语是反身代词或相互代词、表示地点或处所的名词时,不可用于被动语态在黑暗中我们几乎看不到对方.We could hardly see each other in the dark.(✓)Each other could hardly be seen in the dark.(x)(三)宾语是不定式短语或动名词时汤姆喜欢听音乐.Tom enjoys listening to music.(✓)Listening to music is enjoyed by Tom.(x)好题精练一、将下列句子变为被动语态1.Everybody respects the brave old man.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.We elected Comrade Li head of our workshop.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.She can translate the difficult sentence into English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.We are turning China into a powerful industrial country.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.They asked her to tell a story.____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.The brave old man is respected by everybody.rade Li was elected head of our workshop(by us).3.The difficult sentence can be translated into English by her.4.China is being turned into a powerful industrial country(by us).5.She was asked to tell a story.二、将下列句子变成主动语态1.We were told an interesting story by our teacher yesterday afternoon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.A kite is being made(by us)now.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.What was said by you at the meeting?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Our homework must be finished first.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.A hole should be dug for the young tree.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Will the trees be watered every day?____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.Our teacher told us an interesting story yesterday afternoon.2.We are making a kite now.3.What did you say at the meeting?4.We must finish our homework first.5.We should dig a hole for the young tree.6.Shall we water the trees every day?三、选择填空1.The lost boy_________this early morning.A.foundB.was foundC.is foundD.are found2.That factory_________in1970.A.builtB.was builtC.is builtD.were built3.This medicine_________before dinner.A.should have tookB.ought have takenC.should have been eatenD.should have been taken4.When the speaker entered the hall,all the listeners_________.A.had seatedB.were seatedC.seatedD.were seating5.Many trees_________in spring every year.A.plantB.plantedC.are plantedD.be planted6.The People's Republic of China_________on Oct.1,1949.A.was foundingB.was foundedC.was foundD.finded7.Our classroom_________every day.A.cleansB.be cleanedC.cleanedD.is cleaned8.A radio_________in everyday life.eB.is usedC.are usedD.was used9.Children in China_________since1949.A.are taken good careB.have taken care ofC.took good care ofD.have been taken good care of10.The patient is well_________.A.took care ofB.taken care ofC.taken careD.take care of11.The room was_________smoke.A.filled withB.filledC.fill withD.is filled with12.His new book_________next month.A.will be publishedB.is publishingC.is being publishedD.has been published13.The sun_________at night as usual.A.can be seenB.can't be seenC.can't seeD.doesn't see14.A strange sound_________last night.A.was heardB.hearsC.heardD.is heard15.The door_________.Better have it repaired.A.isn't shutB.hasn't been shutC.isn't be shutD.won't shut答案:1-5BBDBC6-10BDBDB11-15AABAD四、翻译下列句子1.应该在春天种树.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我的家乡将要建造许多大楼.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.教室必须每天清扫.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.这种书是为儿童写的.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.来信收到.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.这件外衣是棉的还是羊毛的?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.你的收音机三天内可以修好.8.黑板上的那匹马不可能是林涛画的.____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.Trees should be planted in spring.2.Many buildings will be built in my home town.3.The classroom must be cleaned every day.4.Such books are written for children.5.Your letter has been received.6.Is this coat made of cotton or wool?7.Your radio can be mended within three days.8.The hore on the blackboard can't be drawn by Lin Tao.。
中考英语语法动词的时态复习讲义及总结与整理动词的时态1.动词时态概述时态是表示动作与时间相互关系的语法范畴。
正确使用时态能反映一个人的英语基本功。
对中国学生来说，英语的时态是相当困难的一个语法项目，原因之一是中文动词没有时态形式的变化。
也就是说，中文动词不是用词形的变化，而是用特定的词语，如：“现在”“将来”“过去”“正在”“经常”“了”“过”“已经”等来说明一个动作发生的时间，而动词本身并无变化。
在英语中，则用动词本身的词形变化或加助动词表示动作的时间。
She reads newspapers every day.（她每天看报纸。
）（句子中有everyday，所以用现在时）She read the newspaper yesterday.（她昨天看过了这张报纸。
）（句子中有yesterday，所以用过去时）She will read the newspaper tomorrow.（她明天看这张报纸。
）（句子中有tomorrow，所以用将来时）She is reading the newspaper now.（她正在看报纸。
）（句子中有now，所以用现在进行时）She has read the newspaper.（她已经读过这张报纸了。
）（句子中没有标识性的时间状语，但因为表示的是“过去的动作对现在的影响”，所以要用现在完成时）2.动词十二种时态的形式英语动词共有十六种时态，一般语法书列出的英语动词的十二种时态为“现在”“过去”和“将来”三大类；每类中又分为“一般”“进行”“完成”“完成进行”四种，共十二种，下面以study为例，列表说明。
注意：初中阶段最常用的时态有5种，即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。
在下面的文章中，将分别讲述各种时态的具体用法。
不规则动词变化表例题：( )1. —When did you meet him? —While I ____ on the street.A. walksB. walkC. was walkingD. am walking( )2. —Mum, why don't you go to sleep? —Your sister ____ yet. I ____ for her.A. hasn't come back; am waitingB. didn't come back; was waitingC. hadn't come back; was waitingD. came back; waited( )3. —King White ___ in our company for 20 years.—Yes, and she ___ here when she was 21 years old.A. has worked; has comeB. worked; comesC. worked; cameD. has worked; came( )4. —Don't forget to visit me when you come here.—OK. I ___ you a call as soon as I ____ there.A. gave; getB. will give; will getC. give; will getD. will give; get( )5. —What did you do last summer vacation?—Don't mention it. I ____ always ____ my parents on the farm.A. was; helpingB. / ; helpedC. would; helpD. have; helped( )6. —Would you like to see the movie? —No, thanks.I ____ it twice.A. have seenB. seenC. sawD. had seen( )7. —Are you still single? —No, I ____ for two months.A. have been marriedB. have marriedC. was marryingD. married( )8. —We will do some cleaning if the weather ___ fine tomorrow.—But I think it ____ rain.A. will be; is going toB. is; is going toC. is; hasD. will be; has( )9. —Mike is preparing his luggage. —Yes. He _____ for Canada on vacation.A. leavesB. leftC. is leavingD. has been away( )10. —Be quiet. Dad ___ in the next room. —Sorry.A. sleepsB. sleptC. is sleepingD. was sleeping参考答案：1-5 CADDA 6-10 AABCC。
