精锐教育学科教师辅导教案学员编号：年级：初二课时数：3 学员姓名：YYY辅导科目：英语学科教师：XX 课题词类，句子成分，构词法学习教学目的通过基础词法，句法的介绍，掌握英语基本的词汇，句型分析能力详细掌握代词考点授课日期××年××月××日教学内容Step 1 词类，句子成分，构词法介绍1、词类英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
（1）名词（n.）：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy，morning，bag，ball，class，（2）代词（pron.）：主要用来代替名词。
如：who，she，you，it .（3）形容词（adj.）：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good，right，white，orange .（4）数词（num.）：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one，two，three，first，second，third，fourth.（5）动词（v.）：表示动作或状态。
如：am，is，are，have，see .（6）副词（adv.）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now，very，here，often（7）冠词（art.）：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。
如：a，an，the.（8）介词（prep.）：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in，on，from，above，.（9）连词（conj.）：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and，but，before .（10）感叹词（interj.）：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh，well，hi，hello.2、句子成分英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
（1）主语是句子所要说的人或事物，回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.（2）谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态，回答“做（什么）”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room.（3）表语在系动词之后，说明主语的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping。
（4）宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果，回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.有些及物动词带有两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如：He wrote me a letter..有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语，放在直接宾语后面，来强调间接宾语。
如：He wrote a letter to me .（5）定语修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。
如：Shanghai is a big city .（6）状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。
如：He works hard .（7）宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么，通常由形容词或动词充当。
如：They usually keep their classroom clean. / He often helps me do my lessons.同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面，进一步说明它的情况。
如：Where is your classmate Tom ?3、构词法英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
（1）合成法：如：spaceship，headache，basketball，playground等等。
（2）派生法：1）派生名词：①动词＋er/or②动词＋ing③动词＋（t）ion④形容词＋ness⑤其他，如：inventor，learner，swimming，congratulation，kindness，carelessness，knowledge2）派生形容词：①名词＋y②名词＋ful③动词＋ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名＋（i）an如：snowy，sunny，hopeful，beautiful，interesting，follwing，daily（每日的），nervous，delicious 3）派生副词：①形容词＋ly ②其它，如：slowly，angrily，full→fully，good→well，possible→possibly等等。
（3）转换法：1．动词转换为名词的常见方式1)“动词+ion”例如：pollut e→pollution, inven t→invention, discus s→discussion2)“动词去e+ ation”例如：invit e→invitation，organiz e→organization3）“动词+er”例如: wor k→worker, teac h→teacher, writ e→writer, spea k→speaker, ru n→runner, wi n→winner4)“动词+ or"例如：inven t→inventor, act→actor5)“动词+ing"例如：buil d→building, begi n→beginning, pain t→painting6)“动词十ment"例如：develo p→development, amus e→amusement2．动词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“动词+ive"例如：ac t→active, attrac t→attractive2)“动词+ able"例如：chang e→changeable, enjo y→enjoyable3)“动词+ing"例如：excit e→exciting, follo w→following4)“动词+ ed"例如：frighte n→frightened, bor e→bored5)“动词+ ful"．例如：forge t→forgetful3．名词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“名词+ ful"例如：car e→careful, us e→useful, powe r→powerful2)”名词+ less"例如：car e→careless, hom e→homeless3)“名词+ly"例如：frien d→friendly, lov e→lovely4)“名词+y"例如：su n→sunny, win d→windy, healt h→healthy, noise→noisy, luc k→lucky, sno w→snowy5)“名词+ing"例如：interes t→interesting6)“名词+n"例如：Americ a→American, Australi a→Australian7)“名词+ ern"例如：sout h→southern, nort h→northern8)“名词+ ous"例如：dange r→dangerous9)“名词+ en"例如：woo d→wooden, gol d→golden10)“名词+al"例如：natio n→national, educatio n→educational4．形容词转换为名词的常见方式1)“形容词+y"例如：difficult→difficulty, honest→honesty2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"例如：different→difference, important→importance3)“形容词+ ness"例如：ill→illness, kind→kindness4)“形容词+ dom"例如：fre e→freedom, wis e→wisdom考生答题时可遵循下列步骤：(1)明确所给词的词性；(2)弄清所给句子的句意；(3)确定空处所填词的词性；(4)确定所给词的形式变化；(5)注意词汇知识及习惯用法；(6)注意句子是否通顺。
练一练第一组1. All the students in Shanghai should help fight ____________________ to protect the environment. (pollute)2.Now the good method is ___________________ used in the experiments. (wide)3._________________________________ The old man was to the policeman who found the lost car for him.(thank)4. For the __________________ time he became worried about the future because of the global financial crisis (金融危机). (one)5.Help __________________ to some more shrimps, children. (you)6.____________________________________________________________________________ Qingming Festival isan important Chinese festival to remember people's ____________________________________ relatives. (die)7. Professor Brown can still tell quite a few funny ___________________ , although he is already in his eighties. (story)8. Bolt __________________ in winning the gold medal in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (success)第二组1.As a fashion model, she is always on a diet to control her ___________________ . (weigh)2.Could you show ___________________ how to control the new machine? (he)3. Mike bought me a new English dictionary as a present on my ______________________ birthday. (nine)4.Many people lost their ______________ in the earthquake in Sichuan Province. (life)5.Our new flat is going to be decorated with furniture. (tradition)6. We can ___________________ our reading ability through reading a page of English every day.(development)7. Jane always tells us the same things whenever she meets us. She is really______________________. (bore)8. It rained so ____________________ that we had to stop playing basketball on the playground. (heavy)第三组1.Mary bought three ____________________ in the supermarket. (brush)2. The old couple had an ___________________ weekend when their four children came to see them.(enjoy).3.This is the ________________ time for him to go there alone. (three) .4. A car accident happened this morning. __________________ , none was hurt. (fortunate)5. Edison was a great __________________ though he stayed at school for only a little time.(invent)6.We are going out to __________________ my sister's return. (celebration)7.The twin can do a lot of housework by __________________ . (they)8.The boy's face turned still __________________ a fter the headmaster praised him. (red)第一组Key: 1. pollution 2. widely 3. thankful 4. first 5. yourselves6. dead7. stories8. succeeded第二组Key: 1. weight 2. him 3. ninth 4. lives 5. traditional6. develop7. boring8. heavily第三组Key: 1. brushes 2. enjoyable 3. third 4. Fortunately 5. inventor6. celebrate7. themselves8. redderStep 2 代词详解考点归纳1．人称、物主、反身、疑问代词的数、格、性人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性单数第一人称I me my mine myself 第二人称you you your yours yourself第三人称阳性he him his his himself阴性she her her hers herself中性it it its itself复数第一人称we us our ours ourselves 第二人称you you your yours yourselves 第三人称they them their theirs themselves 疑问代词who /whatwho(m)/ what whose/which whose/which2．人称代词单、复数出现顺序人称代词单数并列出现的顺序为：you，he/she (him／her) and I(me)；复数顺序为：we (us),you and they(them).3．反身代词的用法self (selves)--反身代词，表示“自己、亲自”的意思。
