高考英语备考易错点睛系列 专题01 名词与冠词(教师)

专题01 名词与冠词1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．【答案】attraction【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。

形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。

2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed...【答案】days3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．【答案】achievement【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。

介词of后应用名词作宾语。

4．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．【答案】studies【解析】句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。

study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为sh ow，说明主语应用名词复数studies。

5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.【答案】development【解析】句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。

专题一名词和冠词常考点掌握名词的可数和不可数性、可数名词的复数、名词作定语以及名词的所有格形式的用法。

特别注意名词词义辨析和名词固定短语的运用。

近些年考查名词的题目，在设问方面更趋精细化。

冠词主要考查牢固的基础知识和灵活使用冠词的能力。

冠词的用法复杂，要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词的泛指、特指、类指、专指的概念。

做题时，首先要搞清名词是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词，单数名词前要加不定冠词。

名词1名词的数1. 单数名词变为复数名词常考点：①以－o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但是下列以－o结尾的名词要加－es：hero，tomato，potato，Negro(黑人)。

②以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，但下列以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，需把f或fe去掉，加－ves：half，－self，wife，life，knife，shelf，wolf，thief，leaf，loaf。

③合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。

如：passers－by，go－betweens，lookers－on，mothers－in－law。

2. 下列名词通常作不可数名词：fun，advice，progress，information，equipment，luggage，weather，furniture等。

3. 有些名词的复数形式可表示特别的意义。

如：waters(水域)，sands(沙滩)，manners(礼貌)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪；烈酒)，contents(目录)，customs(海关)，lines(台词)，arms(武器)，looks(容貌)。

4. 单复数同形的名词。

如： Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，series，means，works。

专题01 冠词、名词2022年高考真题1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.答案：the解析：考查冠词。

句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。

本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。

故填the。

2．（2022全国甲卷）____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.答案：A解析：考查冠词。

句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。

根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。

故填A。

3.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.答案：the解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。

特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。

故填the。

4.（2022年浙江1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.答案：the解析：考查冠词。

冠词考点知识梳理背诵1.零冠词用法☆表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等的前面用零冠词。

☆东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如: New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中国特有的节日一般用定冠词,如: the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等☆月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如: in October, on March 8th等。

☆三餐名词前不用冠词,如: have breakfast/ lunch/dinner等;但有定语修饰时,需加不定冠词,如: have a big breakfast, have a wonderful lunch gf☆表示体育运动,棋牌类的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/ / cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如play the violin/ the piano等。

☆作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前,不用冠词。

如: John is captain of the team☆表示“变成”的tun后、作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。

如: He was a teacher before he turned writer☆用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前不用冠词。

如Child as heis(=Although he is a child), he knows a lot☆by构成的表示方式的短语中,不用冠词,如: by bus、by plane、by air、by land2．不定冠词a/an的用法☆泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。

☆用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”或用于形容词最高级前意为“很,非常”。

☆用于具体化了的抽象名词前,如: He was a success in business☆在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”如:A Mr Smith wants to see you☆用于of短语中表示“同(= the same),如:Tomand Kate are of an age3定冠词the的用法巧记定冠词the用法口诀:特指双方熟悉,上文已经提起。

易错点01 冠词目录01 易错陷阱（4大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】不定冠词a与an的易混易错点【易错点提醒二】定冠词the与不定冠词的易混易错点【易错点提醒三】零冠词与不定冠词的易混易错点【易错点提醒四】零冠词与定冠词的易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1：不定冠词a与an的易混易错点。

【分析】有些单词虽以辅音字母开头，但辅音字母不发音，如hour。

有些单词虽以元音字母开头，但发音不是元音音素，如university，不能用an 。

【经典示例】a oneeyed monster; an ugly man;an Ashaped house; an 800metrelong bridgeThere is an“f”in the word“face”.在“face”这个单词中，有一个字母“f”。

【规律总结】判断用a还是用an的依据：冠词后的第一个单词的音素是元音音素，用an;是辅音音素，用a;不是该词的第一个字母是辅音字母还是元音字母。

易错陷阱2：定冠词the与不定冠词的易混易错点。

【规律总结】1.“定冠词the+序数词”表示“第......”；“不定冠词the+序数词”表示“又一；再一......”。

Can you give me a second chance, please?你能再给我一次机会吗？（强调“再一次”，不强调顺序）2.如果不是指演奏乐器，也可用“不定冠词+乐器”。

He bought a piano for her daughter.他为女儿买了一架钢琴。

3.在有形容词修饰的独一无二的名词或专有名词前可用不定冠词。

We can enjoy a full moon tonight.我们今天可以欣赏一轮满月。

4.表示“同一；相同”，用不定冠词+名词相当于the same.They are of an age=They are of the same age.5.用在形容词比较级之前，表示“一个更......”，a 与most连用表示“非常”。

专题01 名词与冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考察名词题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进展考察，但完形填空中对名词考察一直是重点，且考察范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进展词义辨析，是高考考察重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。

建议考生在复习中注意名词词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中常考点。

主要考察在理解冠词根本含义根底上，在具体语境下冠词运用，主要包括定冠词与不定冠词用法区别，名词前不用冠词情况，特指与泛指以及习语中冠词用法。

热点题型一名词数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾假设是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­e sdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach复数形式是stomachs (2)以〞辅音字母＋y〞结尾词，要变y为i再加­esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾名词，变f或fe为­vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾名词，多数加­spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加­es名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿与马铃薯。

(即Negro，hero，tomato与potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里证据(proof)。

2013年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题01 冠词和名词【2013高考预测】1.名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用2.名词的可数和不可数3.名词作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法4.冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法5.名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别6.名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别7.冠词在固定短语中的有无问题【难点突破】难点 1 名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别1.The __ is just arou nd the corner and you won’t miss it.A. bicycle’s shopB. bicycle shopC. bicycles shopD. bicycles’shop难点2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别2. When we are in France, China is an __ country.A. eastB. easterC. eastwardD. eastern难点3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题3. I didn’t expect that Tom would __ my failure to a chieve his own goal.A. make use ofB. make the most ofC. take advantage ofD. take the advantage of【变式探究】1 This set of golf clubs was sent by ___ .A. a friend of my fatherB. my father’s friendC. my father friend’sD. a friend of my father’s答案: D解析:双重所有格，“我父亲的一个朋友”。

【易错点点睛】易错点1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用1. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A. companiesB. branchesC. organizationsD. businesses【错误解答】 A或D【错解分析】本题考查名词的意义和用法。

近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。

建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一考查名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加­spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。

(即Negro，hero，tomato和potato 四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

专题01 名词、主谓一致和冠词易错点1 望词生义1. —Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick【错因分析】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。

由后文的回答可以推断本题答案，＂我只是按照食谱上说明书（做蛋糕）＂，那么前面问的肯定是＂你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？＂再根据初步判断去看选项，B、C可以排除，A和D可能拿捏不准，尤其是D,考生可能会想到play tricks,认为是＂把戏＂的意思，就错选成A了。

但是A仅仅有＂特征＂之意，D在此由＂把戏＂被转化为＂技巧＂，类似于tips。

【试题解析】这里表示＂你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗＂。

feature特征；plan计划；cost花费；trick诀窍，所以选D。

句意：上文，你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？下文，好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。

【参考答案】 D同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。

平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。

名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。

如近几年高考中常出现的：(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)1. Her_____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique【解析】 A项表示＂动力，激励＂；B项为＂资格＂；C项是＂才能，天赋＂；D项表示＂技巧＂。

专题01 名词冠词一真题感悟1.（2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.公众号拾穗者的杂货铺2.（2021高考全国乙卷）_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.3.（2020高考全国卷I）The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.5. (2020 高考全国卷III) Filled with_____(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.6.（2019全国卷III）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______________(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.7.（2018高考全国卷I）A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).8.(2018·高考浙江卷) Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.9.(2018·高考全国III卷) I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.10.(2017·高考北京卷)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.11.（2017全国卷）It is generally accepted that ______ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ____ man.12.（2017全国卷II）As he reached ______front door, Jack saw ______ strange sight.13.（2017山东卷）Take your time--it’s just______ short distance from here to _______ restaurant.14.（2017浙江卷）Experts think that _______ recently discovered painting may be ______ Picsso.15.（2017四川卷）Spence, hea dmaster of the school, told us , “fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”二实战模拟1.From this experience, I've learned when facing______( challenge), we should fight hard instead of being discouraged or even giving up.2.Then James heard a huge_______(explode)outside his apartment.3.President Xi Jinping on Tuesday signed_______ order to award four persons the national medaland honorary title.4.Any smell might attract natural_______( enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.5.I am_______short video creator, with more than 2 million followers.6.Chen Wei made major(achieve)in the COVID-19-related basic research.7.The reality is that, for_______majority of us, cell phones, tablets, or TVs are the last things we look at before we sleep.8.If there is a lot of_______(press )on you to create something magnificent, it can actually thwart(阻挠) your creative abilities.9.Small changes can make a big______( different ) to your health.10.I am glad to share more________( detail) about my passion for moon exploration with you.11.The plum trees are______ first to flower even as the snow is melting.12.Don’t be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am on_______ tight schedule and have to catch the 11:00 train.13.Then, with______ rise of science, changes began.14.On public holidays, generally ______ Sunday timetable operates.15.Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in _______ action in Europe.16.They were not in the least worried about the ______ (possible) that sweets could rot the teeth.17.The girl kept working hard and gained ________ (admit) to the world-famous university.18.Anyhow they didn’t trust me, so they didn’t deserve a(an) ______________ (explain).19.I explained that each person has different ideas of what ___________(free) is.20.The village where he was born has changed beyond(介词/超出) __________(recognize).21.There has been no __________ (respond) to his remarks from the government.22.Variations of this programme can be arranged to suit your (require).23.Different persons have different _________( believe).24.My parents are in a huge ________ (argue), and I am really upset about it.25. We have our furniture moved to the new house when the ________ (decorate) of the house is finished.26.Not only food and clothing but also medical ____________(treat) has been provided for the people who need it in the flooded areas.27.I regard ________ (creative) both as a gift and as a skill.28.He lost the ________ (elect) by one vote.29.Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadium are common, and it seems that every few __________(year) there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles.30.Visitors were struck by the natural scenery here, which was beautiful beyond______(describe).三语法填空组合练A B CA体裁：记叙文主题：人与社会---影视文学The Princess Diaries is a movie about a teenager named Mia Thermopolis. __1__(short) before her sixteenth birthday, she is shocked by the life-changing news that she is the princess of a fictional kingdom __2__ (call) Genovia. Million. Starring Anne Hathaway, it is definitely a movie you should not miss!Mia,a socially awkward American girl, __3__ (become) princess of Genovia when her long-absent father, the Crown Prince dies. She's taught how to behave perfectly. However, things get out of hand when the media gets hold of the story, __4__(put) Mia in the spotlight.On top of this, she must make a __5__(choose) between continuing the normal life __6__ a San Francisco teen and stepping up to the throne(王位).The movie explores the theme of responsibility in __7__ intelligent and humorous way. The most memorable scene is towards the end of the movie when, during Mia's darkest moment of self-doubt, she __8__ (touch) by a letter her father left her. “Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important __9__ fear.”It's one of the most unforgettable __10__(line) from the movie.The Princess Diaries is an interesting movie.It's about being and bettering yourself, and about knowing friends are. Watch it now!1.________2.________3. ________4.________5.________6.________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10.________公众号拾穗者的杂货铺B体裁:新闻报道主题语境:人与社会--“天问一号”China's Tianwen I Mars probe carried out a key in-flight maneuver(熟练的动作)about 30 million kilometers away from Earth___1___Friday. Its main engine, ___2___ has 3,000 newtons of thrust power(推进力)，was activated and operated about eight minutes , moving the spacecraft toward a Martian orbit.Rao Wei, a project manager for Tianwen I said the elaborately designed maneuver___3___(intend)to adjust the flight route to enable the spacecraft to fly ___4___(accurate) toward the preset point where the vehicle is expected ___5___(capture) by Mars’ gravity at the beginning of 2021. “The biggest challenge in the operation was ___6___the 3,000- newton-thrust engine would need to work for a relatively long period of time under very high ___7___ (press) and temperature," Rao said, ___8___(add) that the long-distance control and tracking was also a major challenge.If everything goes according to schedule, the 5-metric-ton Tianwen l ___9___(travel) more than 470 million km before its capture by the Martian gravitational field in February. The mission's ultimate goal is to soft-land a rover around May 2021 on the southern part of Mars’ Utopia Planitia--a large plain within Utopia, the largest ___10___(recognize) impact basin(撞击盆地) in the solar system to make scientific surveys.1.________2.________3. _________4._________5._________6.________ 7_________ 8_________ 9__________ 10._________C体裁：记叙文主题：人与社会---大学录取公众号拾穗者的杂货铺If you (1) ________ (admit) to a university in China, regardless of whatever you choose as your major, there’s one compulsory course that you can’t avoid: English.The fact is (2) ________ you can probably miss (3) ________ (attend) English class when other courses are taught, but you’d better tak e English (4) ________ (serious). (5) ________ (fail) in the National College English Test, you may not be able to secure your Bachelor’s degree, even if you have your own major (6) ________ (do) well.Each student learns a foreign language, and mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education. Such policy (7) ________ (be) in place since the nation’s reform and opening up in the early 1980s.China’s total number of English language students and (8) ________ (graduate) over the years can be equal (9) ________ the entire population of Australia, thanks to ten national-level collegiate foreign language teaching institutes, (10) of ________ the most important ones are Shanghai International Studies University and Beijing Foreign Studies University.1.________2.________3. _________4._________5._________6.________ 7_________ 8_________ 9__________ 10._________四完形填空组合练 A B CASince our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 1 is obvious. If we 2 it is a door, they'll want to go outside 3 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 4 . But our insisting it's 5 a window has kept them from 6 millions of requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids. One day they'll 7 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 8 .I wonder if 9 should always tell the truth no matter the 10 . I have a very strong11 that the lie we're telling is doing 12 damage to our children. Windows and doorshave 13 metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 14 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort, and 15 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 16 it and wonder, “What if it isn't a door？” That is, “What if it isn't a 17 opportunity？”Maybe it's an unreasonable fear. But the 18 is that I shouldn't lie to my kids. I should just 19 repeatedly having to say, “No. We can't go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't 20 to open them and walk through.1．A.relief B．target C．reason D．case2．A.admit B．believe C．mean D．realize3．A.gradually B．constantly C．temporarily D．casually4．A.result B．danger C．method D．truth5．A.merely B．slightly C．hardly D．partly6．A.reviewing B．approving C．receiving D．attempting7．A.win out B．give up C．wake up D．stand out8．A.dream B．lie C．fantasy D．fact9．A.parents B．twins C．colleagues D．teachers10．A.restrictions B．explanations C．differences D．consequences 11．A.demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt12．A. physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral13．A. traditional B．important C．double D．original14．A. life B．time C．reply D．history15．A. by comparison with B．in addition to C．regardless of D．instead of16. A.get hold of B．stare at C．knock on D．make use of17．A.real B．typical C．similar D．limited18．A .safety rule B．comfort zone C．bottom line D．top secret19．A. delay B．regret C．enjoy D．accept20．A.hurry B．decide C．hesitate D．IntendBThere are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the 1 the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that's precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention.Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 3 on discarded (丢弃) food. Thethree-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.As you can 5 ，the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 6 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal 9 ，most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste. “Some people have even 11 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.What's 12 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause. Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to 14 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.“I have to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18 ，” Dubanchet explained. “Is my 19 full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.”He aims to 20 his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he'll turn a few more heads in the process.1．A.cleverer B．older C．stranger D．simpler2．A.garbage-eating B．sports-loving C．food-wasting D．law-breaking 3．A.secretly B．finally C．entirely D．probably4．A.purpose B．way C．opinion D．dream5．A.observe B．imagine C．suggest D．remember6．A.store B．cook C．shop for D．throw away7．A.locked B．damaged C．connected D．abandoned8．A.bought B．offered C．ordered D．sold9．A.reasons B．rights C．fees D．aids10．A.begging for B．giving away C．hiding D．causing11．A.did B．kept C．accepted D．risked12．A.hardly B．usually C．particularly D．merely13．A.easiest B．nearest C．biggest D．richest14．A.work B．shout C．ask D．jump15．petition B．conversation C．conflict D．challenge16．A.adequate B．rewarding C．demanding D．suitable17．A.again B．alone C．later D．fast18．A.spirit B．energy C．time D．effort19．A.stomach B．hand C．pocket D．basket20．A.arrange B．restart C．report D．finishCI was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some 1 station.The 2 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 3 of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver's license, the cash, all lost to the bus.公众号拾穗者的杂货铺Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband 4 it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here？” I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet, with not a penny 5 . She left before I could 6 make it to the door to offer my thanks.After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who 7 the lady as Erin Smith. Without 8 ，I called to thank her. She said she 9 my wallet on a bus seat. She 10 that going to a stranger's house was a 11 move, bu t she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that 12 ，I would want someone to try to find me，” she said.This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 13 ，but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin 14 my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum (论坛), trying to see 15 anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never 16 words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that's not how the people I 17 tend to act.18 ，I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone 19 what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely 20 .1．A.accessible B．hidden C. unknown D. convenient2．A.face saving B．brain washing C. eye catching D．heart stopping3．A.parts B．contents C．details D．ingredients4．A.ignored B．answered C．examined D．interrupted5．A.missing B．returned C．remaining D．abandoned6．A.still B．ever C．yet D．even7．A.selected B．appointed C．identified D．defined8．A.delay B．alarm C．regret D．invitation9．A.moved B．placed C．opened D．spotted10．A.disagreed B．complained C．calculated D．recommended11．A.selfless B．risky C．slow D．personal12．A. site B．direction C．situation D．atmosphere 13．A. crisis B．danger C．threat D．failure14．A.got rid of B．made use of C．had control of D．took possession of 15．A.if B．where C．how D．when16．A.recalled B．exchanged C．repeated D．whispered 17．A.encounter B．follow C．consult D．accompany 18．A.Going away B．Turning around C．Looking back D．Coming along 19．A.into B．against C．over D．beyond 20．A.longing B．enthusiastic C．concerned D．grateful。

考前必读易错点睛易错点1 无视抽象名词具体化的用法【易错题l】—How about ______ Christmas evening party?—I should say it was ______ suc cess.A. a; aB. The; aC. a;不填 D. the; 不填【答案】B【错因透视】抽象名词具体化往往表示具有某种特性、情感、情绪的人或物，这时要在该名词前加不定冠词，如：in surprise惊奇地，a surprise一件惊奇的事情；with pleasure 愉快地，a pleasure一件愉快的事情；worry about担忧，a worry一件令人担忧的事情；must一定，a must一件必须做的事情；youth青春，a youth一个年轻人；beauty美丽，a beauty一个美人；wonder惊奇，a wonder一件令人惊奇的事情；danger危险，a danger 危险人／物；trade贸易，a trade一桩生意／买卖；have pity on sb．可怜某人，What apity!多么遗憾!易错点2没有结合语境和词义对名词进行正确辨析【易错题l】From their _______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stageB. positionC. conditionD.situation【答案】B【错因透视】名词的辨析题是高考的重点，主要考查名词在特定语境下的应用，所以必须先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。

因为英汉两种语言的差异性，同样一个汉语词汇，翻译成英语时，可能有很多对应的英语单词，但是每一个英语单词所表达的含义和运用的语境不尽相同，其中存在着一些细微的差异，不经过大量的阅读积累，，一般考生是很难把它们分辨开来的。

易错点01冠词易错陷阱1：不定冠词a与an的易混易错点。

【分析】有些单词虽以辅音字母开头，但辅音字母不发音，如hour。

有些单词虽以元音字母开头，但发音不是元音音素，如university，不能用an。

【经典示例】a one-eyed monster;an ugly man;an A-shaped house;an800-metre-long bridgeThere is an“f”in the word“face”.在“face”这个单词中，有一个字母“f”。

【规律总结】判断用a还是用an的依据：冠词后的第一个单词的音素是元音音素，用an;是辅音音素，用a;不是该词的第一个字母是辅音字母还是元音字母。

易错陷阱2：定冠词the与不定冠词的易混易错点。

【规律总结】1.“定冠词the+序数词”表示“第......”；“不定冠词the+序数词”表示“又一；再一......”。

Can you give me a second chance,please?你能再给我一次机会吗？（强调“再一次”，不强调顺序）2.如果不是指演奏乐器，也可用“不定冠词+乐器”。

He bought a piano for her daughter.他为女儿买了一架钢琴。

3.在有形容词修饰的独一无二的名词或专有名词前可用不定冠词。

We can enjoy a full moon tonight.我们今天可以欣赏一轮满月。

4.表示“同一；相同”，用不定冠词+名词相当于the same.They are of an age=They are of the same age.5.用在形容词比较级之前，表示“一个更......”，a与most连用表示“非常”。

易错陷阱3：零冠词与不定冠词的易混易错点。

【经典示例】Spring follows winter.冬去春来。

（三餐、季节、月份等名词前用零冠词。

）This happened on a Sunday toward the end of August.这件事发生在八月末的一个星期天。

专题01 名词、主谓一致和冠词易错点1 望词生义1. —Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick【错因分析】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。

由后文的回答可以推断本题答案，＂我只是按照食谱上说明书（做蛋糕）＂，那么前面问的肯定是＂你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？＂再根据初步判断去看选项，B、C可以排除，A和D可能拿捏不准，尤其是D,考生可能会想到play tricks,认为是＂把戏＂的意思，就错选成A了。

但是A仅仅有＂特征＂之意，D在此由＂把戏＂被转化为＂技巧＂，类似于tips。

【试题解析】这里表示＂你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗＂。

feature特征；plan计划；cost花费；trick 诀窍，所以选D。

句意：上文，你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？下文，好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。

【参考答案】D同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。

平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。

名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。

如近几年高考中常出现的：(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)1. Her_____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique【解析】A项表示＂动力，激励＂；B项为＂资格＂；C项是＂才能，天赋＂；D项表示＂技巧＂。

2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列专题01 名词与冠词（教师版）考前必读名词在历年高考中一直是考察的重点项目之一，每年全国约有一半的高考试题涉及名词。

命题者主要从名词的词义入手，考察近义名词的辨析、形近名词的辨析以及名词的固定搭配等方便，同时，题干也从呼应、对比等方面提供足够的信息，考察学生根据语境理解和辨析名词的能力。

2012年高考英语试题对名词的考察也会涉及这些方面。

易错点睛易错点1 忽视抽象名词具体化的用法【易错题l】—How about ______ Christmas evening party?—I should say it was ______ success.A. a; aB. The; aC. a;不填 D. the; 不填【答案】B【错因透视】抽象名词具体化往往表示具有某种特性、情感、情绪的人或物，这时要在该名词前加不定冠词，如：in surprise惊奇地，a surprise一件惊奇的事情；with pleasure 愉快地，a pleasure一件愉快的事情；worry about担忧，a worry一件令人担忧的事情；must一定，a must一件必须做的事情；youth青春，a youth一个年轻人；beauty美丽，a beauty一个美人；wonder惊奇，a wonder一件令人惊奇的事情；danger危险，a danger 危险人／物；trade贸易，a trade一桩生意／买卖；have pity on sb．可怜某人，What apity!多么遗憾!易错点2没有结合语境和词义对名词进行正确辨析【易错题l】From their _______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can havea better view of the city.A. stageB. positionC. conditionD.situation【答案】B【错因透视】名词的辨析题是高考的重点，主要考查名词在特定语境下的应用，所以必须先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。

2021年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题01名词与冠词202103202151．(2021·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．【答案】attraction【解析】句意：然而关于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。

形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。

2．(2021·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed...【答案】days3．(2021·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．【答案】achievement【解析】句意：然后，第一处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。

介词of后应用名词作宾语。

4．(2021·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．【答案】studies【解析】句意：最近的研究显示假如我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。

study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为sh ow，说明主语应用名词复数studies。

5．(2021·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.【答案】development【解析】句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子阻碍了筷子的进展。