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Java Card™Platform Virtual Machine Specification, Classic EditionVersion 3.2January 2023Java Card Platform Virtual Machine Specification, Classic Edition Version 3.2Copyright © 1998, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.The Specification provided herein is provided to you only under the Oracle Technology Network Developer License included herein as Annex A - Oracle Technology Network Developer License Terms.License Restrictions Warranty/Consequential Damages DisclaimerThis software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited.Warranty DisclaimerThe information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing.Restricted Rights NoticeIf this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable:U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government.Hazardous Applications NoticeThis software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications.Trademark NoticeOracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.Third-Party Content, Products, and Services DisclaimerThis software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services unless otherwise set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services, except as set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle.Documentation AccessibilityFor information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at /pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc.Access to Oracle SupportOracle customers that have purchased support have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit /pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired.ContentsPreface (19)Who Should Use This Specification (19)Before You Read This Specification (19)Shell Prompts (19)Typographic Conventions (20)Related Documentation (20)Third-Party Web Sites (20)Documentation Accessibility (21)Access to Oracle Support (21)Oracle Welcomes Your Comments (21)1Introduction (22)1.1 Motivation (22)1.2 The Java Card Virtual Machine (23)1.3 Java Language Security (25)1.4 Java Card Runtime Environment Security (25)2 A Subset of the Java Virtual Machine (27)2.1 Why a Subset is Needed (27)2.2 Java Card Platform Language Subset (27)2.2.1 Unsupported Items (27)2.2.1.1 Unsupported Features (27)2.2.1.1.1 Dynamic Class Loading (27)2.2.1.1.2 Security Manager (28)2.2.1.1.3 Finalization (28)2.2.1.1.4 Threads (28)2.2.1.1.5 Cloning (28)2.2.1.1.6 Access Control in Java Packages (28)2.2.1.1.7 Typesafe Enums (28)2.2.1.1.8 Enhanced for Loop (29)2.2.1.1.10 Runtime Visible Metadata (Annotations) (29)2.2.1.1.11 Assertions (29)2.2.1.2 Unsupported Keywords (29)2.2.1.3 Unsupported Types (29)2.2.1.4 Unsupported Classes (29)2.2.1.4.1 System (30)2.2.2 Supported Items (30)2.2.2.1 Supported Features (30)2.2.2.1.1 Packages (30)2.2.2.1.2 Dynamic Object Creation (30)2.2.2.1.3 Virtual Methods (30)2.2.2.1.4 Interfaces (30)2.2.2.1.5 Exceptions (30)2.2.2.1.6 Generics (31)2.2.2.1.7 Static Import (31)2.2.2.1.8 Runtime Invisible Metadata (Annotations) (31)2.2.2.2 Supported Keywords (31)2.2.2.3 Supported Types (32)2.2.2.4 Supported Classes (32)2.2.2.4.1 Object (32)2.2.2.4.2 Throwable (32)2.2.3 Optionally Supported Items (32)2.2.3.1 Integer Data Type (33)2.2.3.2 Object Deletion Mechanism (33)2.2.4 Limitations of the Java Card Virtual Machine (33)2.2.4.1 Limitations of Packages (33)2.2.4.1.1 Packages in a Java Card CAP file (33)2.2.4.1.2 Package References (33)2.2.4.1.3 Package Name (33)2.2.4.2 Limitations of Classes (34)2.2.4.2.1 Classes in a Package (34)2.2.4.2.3 Static Fields (34)2.2.4.2.4 Static Methods (34)2.2.4.3 Limitations of Objects (34)2.2.4.3.1 Methods (34)2.2.4.3.2 Class Instances (34)2.2.4.3.3 Arrays (34)2.2.4.4 Limitations of Methods (34)2.2.4.5 Limitations of Switch Statements (35)2.2.4.6 Limitations of Class Initialization (35)2.2.5 Multiselectable Applets Restrictions (35)2.2.6 Java Card Platform Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Restrictions (35)2.2.6.1 Remote Classes and Remote Interfaces (36)2.2.6.2 Access Control of Remote Interfaces (36)2.2.6.3 Parameters and Return Values (36)2.3 Java Card VM Subset (36)2.3.1 Class File Subset (37)2.3.1.1 Not Supported in Class Files (37)2.3.1.1.1 Class Access Flags (37)2.3.1.1.2 Field Descriptors (37)2.3.1.1.3 Constant Pool (37)2.3.1.1.4 Fields (37)2.3.1.1.5 Methods (37)2.3.1.2 Supported in Class Files (37)2.3.1.2.1 ClassFile (37)2.3.1.2.2 Field Descriptors (37)2.3.1.2.3 Method Descriptors (38)2.3.1.2.4 Constant Pool (38)2.3.1.2.5 Fields (38)2.3.1.2.6 Methods (38)2.3.1.2.7 Attributes (38)2.3.2 Bytecode Subset (38)2.3.2.2 Supported Bytecodes (40)2.3.2.3 Static Restrictions on Bytecodes (42)2.3.2.3.1 ldc, ldc_w (42)2.3.2.3.2 lookupswitch (42)2.3.2.3.3 tableswitch (42)2.3.2.3.4 wide (42)2.3.3 Exceptions (43)2.3.3.1 Uncaught and Uncatchable Exceptions (43)2.3.3.2 Checked Exceptions (43)2.3.3.3 Runtime Exceptions (44)2.3.3.4 Errors (44)3Structure of the Java Card Virtual Machine (46)3.1 Data Types and Values (46)3.2 Words (46)3.3 Runtime Data Areas (47)3.4 Contexts (47)3.5 Frames (47)3.6 Representation of Objects (48)3.7 Special Initialization Methods (48)3.8 Exceptions (48)3.9 Binary File Formats (48)3.10 Instruction Set Summary (48)3.10.1 Types and the Java Card Virtual Machine (49)4Binary Representation (51)4.1 Java Card Platform File Formats (51)4.1.1 Export File Format (51)4.1.2 CAP File Format (52)4.1.3 JAR File Container (52)4.2 AID-based Naming (53)4.2.1 The AID Format (53)4.2.2 AID Usage (53)4.2.2.2 Applet AID namespace (53)4.2.2.3 Package AID namespace (54)4.2.2.3 Custom Component AID namespace (54)4.3 Token-based Linking (54)4.3.1 Externally Visible Items (54)4.3.2 Private Tokens (55)4.3.3 The Export File and Conversion (55)4.3.4 References – External and Internal (55)4.3.5 Installation and Linking (56)4.3.6 Token Assignment (56)4.3.7 Token Details (56)4.3.7.1 Package (56)4.3.7.2 Classes and Interfaces (56)4.3.7.3 Static Fields (57)4.3.7.4 Static Methods and Constructors (57)4.3.7.5 Instance Fields (57)4.3.7.6 Virtual Methods (58)4.3.7.7 Interface Methods (58)4.4 Binary Compatibility (59)4.5 CAP and Package Versions (60)4.5.1 Assigning (60)4.5.2 Linking (60)5The Export File Format (62)5.1 Export File Name (62)5.2 Containment in a JAR File (62)5.3 Ownership (62)5.4 Hierarchies Represented (63)5.5 Export File (63)5.6 Constant Pool (65)5.6.1 CONSTANT_Package (65)5.6.2 CONSTANT_Classref (67)5.6.4 CONSTANT_Utf8 (68)5.7 Classes and Interfaces (68)5.8 Fields (71)5.9 Methods (73)5.10 Attributes (75)5.10.1 ConstantValue Attribute (75)6The CAP File Format (77)6.1 CAP File Overview (77)6.2 Component Model (78)6.2.1 Containment in a JAR File (79)6.2.2 Defining New Components (80)6.3 Installation (81)6.4 Header Component (81)6.5 Directory Component (85)6.6 Applet Component (90)6.7 Import Component (92)6.8 Constant Pool Component (93)6.8.1 CONSTANT_Classref (95)6.8.2 CONSTANT_InstanceFieldref, CONSTANT_VirtualMethodref, CONSTANT_SuperMethodref (96)6.8.3 CONSTANT_StaticFieldref and CONSTANT_StaticMethodref (98)6.9 Class Component (100)6.9.1 type_descriptor (102)6.9.2 interface_info, class_info_compact and class_info_extended (104)6.9.2.1 interface_info, class_info_compact and class_info_extended Shared Items (105)6.9.2.2 interface_info Items (106)6.9.2.3 class_info_compact and class_info_extended Items (107)6.9.2.4 method_block_info (111)6.9.2.5 implemented_interface_info (112)6.9.2.6 remote_interface_info (113)6.9.2.7 public_virtual_method_token_mapping (115)6.10 Method Component (116)6.10.1 method_component_block (117)6.10.2 Exception Handler Example (118)6.10.3 exception_handler_info (119)6.10.4 method_info (121)6.11 Static Field Component (123)6.12 Reference Location Component (127)6.12.1 reference_location_component_block (128)6.13 Export Component (130)6.14 Descriptor Component (133)6.14.1 package_descriptor_info (135)6.14.2 class_descriptor_info_compact and class_descriptor_info_extended (135)6.14.3 field_descriptor_info (137)6.14.4 method_descriptor_info_compact and method_descriptor_info_extended (139)6.14.5 type_descriptor_info (142)6.15 Debug Component (143)6.15.1 package_debug_info_compact and package_debug_info_extended Structures (145)6.15.2 The class_debug_info_compact and class_debug_info_extended Structures (145)6.15.2.1 The field_debug_info Structure (148)6.15.2.2 The method_debug_info_compact and method_debug_info_extended Structures (150)6.16 Static Resource Component (154)7Java Card Virtual Machine Instruction Set (157)7.1 Assumptions: The Meaning of “Must” (157)7.2 Reserved Opcodes (157)7.3 Virtual Machine Errors (157)7.4 Security Exceptions (158)7.5 The Java Card Virtual Machine Instruction Set (159)7.5.1 aaload (160)7.5.2 aastore (161)7.5.3 aconst_null (163)7.5.4 aload (163)7.5.5 aload_<n> (164)7.5.6 anewarray (165)7.5.8 arraylength (166)7.5.9 astore (166)7.5.10 astore_<n> (167)7.5.11 athrow (168)7.5.12 baload (169)7.5.13 bastore (169)7.5.14 bipush (170)7.5.15 bspush (171)7.5.16 checkcast (171)7.5.17 dup (173)7.5.18 dup_x (174)7.5.19 dup2 (175)7.5.20 getfield_<t> (175)7.5.21 getfield_<t>_this (176)7.5.22 getfield_<t>_w (178)7.5.23 getstatic_<t> (179)7.5.24 goto (180)7.5.25 goto_w (181)7.5.26 i2b (181)7.5.27 i2s (182)7.5.28 iadd (182)7.5.29 iaload (183)7.5.30 iand (184)7.5.31 iastore (184)7.5.32 icmp (185)7.5.33 iconst_<i> (186)7.5.34 idiv (186)7.5.35 if_acmp<cond> (187)7.5.36 if_acmp<cond>_w (188)7.5.37 if_scmp<cond> (189)7.5.38 if_scmp<cond>_w (189)7.5.40 if<cond>_w (191)7.5.41 ifnonnull (192)7.5.42 ifnonnull_w (193)7.5.43 ifnull (193)7.5.44 ifnull_w (194)7.5.45 iinc (194)7.5.46 iinc_w (195)7.5.47 iipush (195)7.5.48 iload (196)7.5.49 iload_<n> (197)7.5.50 ilookupswitch (197)7.5.51 imul (198)7.5.52 ineg (199)7.5.53 instanceof (200)7.5.54 invokeinterface (202)7.5.54.1 Interface Method Resolution (203)7.5.55 invokespecial (204)7.5.56 invokestatic (205)7.5.56.1 Super Method Resolution (206)7.5.57 invokevirtual (206)7.5.57.1 Virtual Method Resolution (207)7.5.58 ior (208)7.5.59 irem (208)7.5.60 ireturn (209)7.5.61 ishl (210)7.5.62 ishr (210)7.5.63 istore (211)7.5.64 istore_<n> (211)7.5.65 isub (212)7.5.66 itableswitch (213)7.5.67 iushr (214)7.5.69 jsr (215)7.5.70 new (216)7.5.71 newarray (216)7.5.72 nop (217)7.5.73 pop (218)7.5.74 pop2 (218)7.5.75 putfield_<t> (219)7.5.76 putfield_<t>_this (220)7.5.77 putfield_<t>_w (222)7.5.78 putstatic_<t> (223)7.5.79 ret (224)7.5.80 return (225)7.5.81 s2b (225)7.5.82 s2i (226)7.5.83 sadd (226)7.5.84 saload (227)7.5.85 sand (228)7.5.86 sastore (228)7.5.87 sconst_<s> (229)7.5.88 sdiv (229)7.5.89 sinc (230)7.5.90 sinc_w (231)7.5.91 sipush (231)7.5.92 sload (232)7.5.93 sload_<n> (232)7.5.94 slookupswitch (233)7.5.95 smul (234)7.5.96 sneg (234)7.5.97 sor (235)7.5.98 srem (235)7.5.99 sreturn (236)7.5.101 sshr (237)7.5.102 sspush (238)7.5.103 sstore (238)7.5.104 sstore_<n> (239)7.5.105 ssub (239)7.5.106 stableswitch (240)7.5.107 sushr (241)7.5.108 swap_x (241)7.5.109 sxor (242)8Tables of Instructions (244)8.1 Instructions by Opcode Value (244)8.2 Instructions by Opcode Mnemonic (248)Glossary (254)Annex A - Oracle Technology Network Developer License Terms (269)FiguresFigure 1-1: Java Card Application or Library Conversion (23)Figure 1-2: Java Card Application or Library Installation (24)Figure 4-1: Mapping Package Identifiers to AIDs (54)Figure 4-2: Binary Compatibility Example (59)TablesTable 2-1: Unsupported Java Constant Pool Tags (37)Table 2-2: Supported Java Constant Pool Tags (38)Table 2-3: Support of Java Checked Exceptions (43)Table 2-4: Support of Java Runtime Exceptions (44)Table 2-5: Support of Java Errors (44)Table 3-1: Type Support in the Java Card Virtual Machine Instruction Set (49)Table 3-2: Storage Types and Computational Types (50)Table 4-1: AID Format (53)Table 4-2: Token Range, Type and Scope (56)Table 4-3: Tokens For Instance Fields (57)Table 5-1: Export File Constant Pool Tags (65)Table 5-2: Export File Package Flags (66)Table 5-3: Export File Class Access and Modifier Flags (69)Table 5-4: Export File Field Access and Modifier Flags (72)Table 5-5: Export File Method Access and Modifier Flags (74)Table 6-1: CAP File Component Tags (79)Table 6-2: CAP File Component File Names (79)Table 6-3: CAP File Flags (83)Table 6-4: CAP File Constant Pool Tags (94)Table 6-5: Type Descriptor Values (102)Table 6-6: Encoded Reference Type p1.c1 (103)Table 6-7: Encoded Byte Array Type (103)Table 6-8: Encoded Reference Array Type p1.c1 (103)Table 6-9: Encoded Method Signature ()V (104)Table 6-10: Encoded Method Signature (Lp1.ci;)S (104)Table 6-11: CAP File Interface and Class Flags (106)Table 6-12: CAP File Method Flags (122)Table 6-13: Segments of a Static Field Image (124)Table 6-14: Static Field Sizes (124)Table 6-15: Array Types (126)Table 6-16: One-byte Reference Location Example (129)Table 6-17: CAP File Class Descriptor Flags (136)Table 6-18: CAP File Field Descriptor Flags (138)Table 6-19: Primitive Type Descriptor Values (139)Table 6-20: CAP File Method Descriptor Flags (140)Table 6-21: Class Access and Modifier Flags (146)Table 6-22: Field Access and Modifier Flags (149)Table 6-23: Method Modifier Flags (151)Table 7-1: Example Instruction Entry (159)Table 7-2: Array Values (172)Table 7-3: Array Values (200)Table 7-4: Array Values (217)Table 8-1: Instructions by Opcode Value (244)Table 8-2: Instructions by Opcode Mnemonic (248)PrefaceJava Card technology combines a subset of the Java programming language with a runtime environment optimized for secure elements, such as smart cards and other tamper-resistant security chips. Java Card technology offers a secure and interoperable execution platform that can store and update multiple applications on a single resource-constrained device, while retaining the highest certification levels and compatibility with standards. Java Card developers can build, test, and deploy applications and services rapidly and securely. This accelerated process reduces development costs, increases product differentiation, and enhances value to customers.The Classic Edition of the Java Card Platform is defined by three specifications:∙Virtual Machine Specification, Java Card Platform, Version 3.2, Classic Edition,∙Runtime Environment Specification, Java Card Platform, Version 3.2, Classic Edition,∙Application Programming Interface, Java Card Platform, Version 3.2, Classic Edition.This document is a specification of the Classic Edition of the Java Card Platform, Version 3.2, Virtual Machine (Java Card VM).In this book, Java Card Platform refers to version 3.2 to distinguish it from all earlier versions. A vendor of a Java Card technology-enabled device provides an implementation of the Java Card RE. An implementation within the context of this specification refers to a vendor's implementation of the Java Card Virtual Machine (or Java Card VM), the Java Card Application Programming Interface (API), or other component, based on the Java Card technology specifications. A "reference implementation" is an implementation produced by Oracle. Application software written for the Java Card platform is referred to as a Java Card technology-based applet (Java Card applet or card applet).Who Should Use This SpecificationThis specification is intended to assist implementers of the Java Card RE in creating an implementation, developing a specification to extend the Java Card technology specifications, or in creating an extension to the runtime environment for the Java Card platform. This specification is also intended for Java Card applet developers who want a greater understanding of the Java Card technology specifications.Before You Read This SpecificationBefore reading this guide, you should be familiar with the Java programming language, the other Java Card technology specifications, and smart card technology. A good resource for becoming familiar with Java technology and Java Card technology located at:/technetwork/java/javacard/overview/Shell PromptsShell PromptC shell machine-name%C shell superuser machine-name#Bourne shell and Korn shell $Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser #Typographic ConventionsThe settings on your browser might differ from these settings. Typeface Meaning ExamplesAaBbCc123 The names of commands,files, and directories; on-screen computer output Edit your .login file. Use ls -a to list all files. % You have mail.AaBbCc123 What you type, whencontrasted with on-screen computer output %su Password:AaBbCc123 Book titles, new words orterms, words to beemphasized. Replacecommand-line variableswith real names orvalues. Read Chapter 6 in the User's Guide. These are called class options. You must be superuser to do this. To delete a file, type rm filename.Related DocumentationReferences to various documents or products are made in this guide, so you might want to have them available:∙Application Programming Interface, Java Card Platform, Version 3.2, Classic Edition∙Runtime Environment Specification, Java Card Platform, Version 3.2, Classic Edition∙The Java Language Specification (https:///javase/specs/)∙ISO 7816 Specification Parts 1-6. (https://)Third-Party Web SitesOracle is not responsible for the availability of third-party web sites mentioned in this document. Oracle does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any content, advertising, products, or other materials that are available on or through such sites or resources. Oracle will not be responsible or liable for any actual or alleged damage or loss caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such content, goods, or services that are available on or through such sites or resources.Documentation AccessibilityFor information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at:/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc.Access to Oracle SupportOracle customers that have purchased support have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit:/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=infoOr, if you are hearing impaired, visit:/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trsOracle Welcomes Your CommentsOracle is interested in improving its documentation and welcomes your comments and suggestions.Please include the title of your document with your feedback:Virtual Machine Specification, Java Card Platform, v3.2, Classic Edition1IntroductionThis document specifies the Java Card Virtual Machine features required by the Classic Edition ofJava Card technology.∙It defines the subset of the Java Virtual Machine used for the Java Card Virtual Machine and list the supported and unsupported features.∙It defines the binary representation of the application code, the role and structure of the Export and CAP file formats and their use in the verification and linking process.∙It specifies the Java Card Virtual Machine byte-code set and its detailed behavior.1.1 MotivationJava Card technology enables programs written in the Java programming language to be run on secure elements such as smart cards and other tamper-resistant security chips. Developers can build and test programs using standard software development tools and environments, then convert them into a form that can be installed onto a Java Card technology-enabled device. Application software for the Java Card platform is called an applet, or more specifically, a Java Card applet (to distinguish it from browser applets).While Java Card technology enables programs written in the Java programming language to run on small devices such as smart cards, those are far too under-powered to support the full functionality of the Java platform. Therefore, the Java Card platform supports only a carefully chosen, customized subset of the features of the Java platform. This subset provides features that are well-suited for writing programs for small devices and preserves the object-oriented capabilities of the Java programming language.A simple approach to specifying a Java Card virtual machine would be to describe the subset of the features of the Java virtual machine that must be supported to allow for portability of source code across all Java Card technology enabled devices. Combining that subset specification and the information in Java Virtual Machine Specification, smart card and secure elements manufacturers could construct their own Java Card technology-based implementations (“Java Card implementations”). While that approach is feasible, it has a serious drawback. The resultant platform would be missing the important feature of binary portability of Java Card applets.The standards that define the Java platform allow for binary portability of Java programs across all Java platform implementations. This “write once, run anywhere” quality of Java programs is perhaps the most significant feature of the platform. Part of the motivation for the creation of the Java Cardplatform was to bring just this kind of binary portability to the embedded security and smart card industry. In a world with billions of secure elements with varying processors and configurations, the costs of supporting multiple binary formats for software distribution could be overwhelming.This Virtual Machine Specification, Java Card Platform, v3.2, Classic Edition is the key to providing binary portability. One way of understanding what this specification does is to compare it to its counterpart in the Java platform. The Java virtual machine specification defines a Java virtual machine as an engine that loads Java class files and executes them with a particular set of semantics. The class file is a central piece of the Java architecture, and it is the standard for the binary compatibility of the Java platform. The Virtual Machine Specification, Java Card Platform, v3.2, Classic Edition also defines a file format that is the standard for binary compatibility for the Java Card platform: the CAP file format is the form in which software is deployed to be loaded onto devices which implement a Java Card virtual machine.1.2 The Java Card Virtual MachineThe role of the Java Card virtual machine is best understood in the context of the process for production and deployment of software for the Java Card platform. There are several components that make up a Java Card system, including the Java Card virtual machine, the Converter for the Java Card platform (“Java Card Converter”), a terminal installation tool, and an installation program that runs on the device, as shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2.Figure 1-1: Java Card Application or Library ConversionFigure 1-2: Java Card Application or Library InstallationDevelopment of a Java Card applet begins as with any other Java program: a developer writes one or more Java classes, and compiles the source code with a Java compiler, producing one or more class files. The applet is run, tested and debugged on a workstation using simulation tools to emulate the device environment. Then, when an applet is ready to be downloaded to a device, the class files comprising the applet are converted to a CAP (converted applet) file using a Java Card Converter.The Java Card Converter takes as input all of the class files in one or more Java packages which make up a Java Card CAP file. A Java package that contains one or more non-abstract subclasses, direct or indirect, of the javacard.framework.Applet class is referred to as an applet package. Otherwise the package is referred to as a library package. A Java Card CAP file may contain only applet packages, only library packages or a combination of applet and library packages. Additionally, both applet and library packages in a Java Card CAP file can be public or private.A private library package in a Java Card CAP file is not listed in the Export Component (6.13 Export Component) of the CAP file and is therefore not visible outside the Java Card CAP file. Similarly, a private applet package in a Java Card CAP file is not listed in the Export Component (6.13 Export Component) of the CAP file, however, non-abstract direct or indirect subclasses of thejavacard.framework.Applet class are listed in the Applet Component (6.6 Applet Component) of the CAP file. For a public applet package in a Java Card CAP file, only public interfaces extending javacard.framework.Shareable are listed in the Export Component (6.13 Export Component) of the CAP file and are therefore visible outside the Java Card CAP file. For further details see The CAP File Format.The Java Card Converter also takes as input one or more export files. An export file contains name and link information for the contents of other packages that are imported by the classes being converted. The converter can also produce export files for the public applet and library packages in a CAP file.After conversion, the CAP file is copied to a terminal, such as a desktop computer with a card reader peripheral. Then an installation tool on the terminal loads the CAP file and transmits it to the Java Card technology-enabled device. An installation program on the device receives the contents of the CAP file。

L100经典版标志性三分频书架式扬声器用户手册2感谢您购买 JBL® L100 经典版三分频扬声器逾 70 年来，JBL 一直为全球各地的音乐厅、录音棚和电影院提供音频设备，已成为领先的唱片艺术家和录音师的信赖之选。

传奇般的 JBL 4310 录音室专业监听音箱帮助 20 世纪六七十年代成功制作了许多热门专辑。

4310 是1970 年推出的 L100 家庭扬声器的灵感来源，成为 JBL 一直最畅销的扬声器。

L100 经典版是原先 L100 的当代再现。

全新的 L100 经典版向该历史经典致敬，采用了标志性的 12 英寸 (300mm) 三分频配置，还配备了全新驱动器、分频网络、机箱，使设计达到 21 世纪最高性能标准。

L100 经典版采用了紧凑的监听器类型占地空间设计，具有先进的 JBL 换能器，包括 JW300PW-8 纯纸浆锥盆低音扬声器、105H-1 聚合物包膜纯纸浆锥盆中音扬声器和 JT025TI1-4 钛高音扬声器。

L100 经典版保留了初始 L100 受七八十年代听众欢迎的所有性能属性，例如特殊的动态范围和对比度、清晰而轻松的高输出以及精确的高冲击低音。

更新的 L100 经典版添加了针对全带宽的更高细节分辨率、更低的失真度、更逼真的立体声声场成像，尤其是离轴。

L100 经典版必定在各地音乐爱好者中缔造新的传奇。

包装内容一个 L100 经典版扬声器 •一个 Quadrex 泡沫网罩 •一个 L100 经典版用户手册•摆放和定位警示：L100 经典版各重 58.8 lb. (26.7 kg)。

在将扬声器放在架子或平台上之前，请先确保架子或平台稳固，足以支撑扬声器的重量。

在决定扬声器的摆放位置之前，请测量您的房间并参考下图考虑摆放位置。

•切勿将扬声器放在功放、电热器等能够产生大量热量的设备附近。

切勿将扬声器放在潮湿或多尘位置。

• 切勿将扬声器放在阳光直射或有其他强光源的位置。

（完全版）使用手册样板1. 简介欢迎使用本产品！本使用手册旨在为您提供关于产品的详细信息，帮助您更好地了解和使用本产品。

请在使用产品之前仔细阅读本手册，并按照说明进行操作。

2. 产品概述本产品是一款功能齐全的XXX设备，具有以下特点和功能：- 高效性能：采用最新的技术，提供出色的性能和稳定性。

- 易于使用：用户友好的界面设计，让您轻松上手。

- 多功能性：支持多种应用场景，满足您的不同需求。

- 优质服务：提供全面的技术支持和售后服务。

3. 安装与设置3.1 准备工作在安装和使用本产品之前，请确保以下准备工作已完成：- 检查包装内的配件是否齐全。

- 确保您的工作环境符合产品要求。

- 准备必要的工具和设备。

3.2 安装步骤请按照以下步骤进行安装：1. 步骤一：XXX2. 步骤二：XXX3. 步骤三：XXX3.3 设置与配置安装完成后，您需要进行以下设置和配置：1. 设置一：XXX2. 设置二：XXX3. 设置三：XXX4. 使用指南4.1 基本操作以下是一些基本操作的指导：1. 操作一：XXX2. 操作二：XXX3. 操作三：XXX4.2 高级功能如果您需要使用产品的高级功能，请按照以下步骤操作：1. 功能一：XXX2. 功能二：XXX3. 功能三：XXX5. 维护与保养为了确保产品的正常运行和延长使用寿命，请定期进行维护和保养。

以下是一些维护和保养的建议：1. 维护一：XXX2. 维护二：XXX3. 维护三：XXX6. 故障排除在使用过程中，您可能会遇到一些问题。

以下是一些常见的故障排除方法：1. 问题一：XXX解决方法：XXX2. 问题二：XXX解决方法：XXX3. 问题三：XXX解决方法：XXX7. 技术支持与售后服务我们为您提供全面的技术支持和售后服务。

如果您在使用过程中遇到任何问题或有任何疑问，请随时与我们联系。

- 客服电话：XXX- 邮箱地址：XXX- 官方网站：XXX8. 安全注意事项在使用本产品时，请务必注意以下安全事项：1. 请按照产品说明书进行操作。

操作手册说明书操作手册是一种用于指导用户正确使用和操作某种产品、设备或系统的文档。

本文将为您提供一份完整的操作手册说明书，以帮助您更好地了解并正确操作我们的产品。

1. 产品介绍在本节中，我们将对产品进行详细介绍，包括产品的名称、型号、功能特点等。

同时，我们还将提供产品的外观图片，以便用户能够正确识别产品。

2. 安全须知在使用产品之前，用户需要了解和遵守一些安全须知，以确保自身和他人的安全。

本节将列举一些常见的安全注意事项，并提供详细的操作指导，以帮助用户正确使用产品。

3. 准备工作在正式操作产品之前，用户需要进行一些准备工作。

本节将详细介绍这些准备工作的步骤和注意事项，以确保用户能够顺利进行后续的操作。

4. 操作步骤在本节中，我们将提供产品的详细操作步骤。

每个操作步骤都将配有清晰的图文说明，以帮助用户正确操作产品。

同时，我们还将针对一些常见问题提供解决方案，以便用户能够迅速解决遇到的问题。

5. 维护与保养为了确保产品的正常运行和延长其使用寿命，用户需要进行一些维护与保养工作。

本节将详细介绍这些工作的方法和注意事项，以帮助用户正确进行维护与保养。

6. 故障排除在使用产品的过程中，用户可能会遇到一些故障和问题。

本节将列举一些常见的故障现象，并提供相应的排除方法，以帮助用户快速解决问题。

7. 常见问题解答在本节中，我们将回答一些用户常见的问题，以便用户能够更好地理解和使用产品。

这些问题涵盖了产品的各个方面，包括功能、操作、维护等。

8. 技术支持如果用户在使用产品的过程中遇到无法解决的问题，可以随时联系我们的技术支持团队。

本节将提供技术支持团队的联系方式，并说明他们的工作时间和联系方式。

9. 附录本节将提供一些附加信息，例如产品的规格参数、配件清单等。

同时，我们还将提供一些额外的操作技巧和注意事项，以帮助用户更好地使用产品。

通过阅读本操作手册说明书，相信用户能够更好地了解和正确操作我们的产品。

如果您在使用过程中遇到任何问题或困惑，请随时联系我们的技术支持团队，我们将竭诚为您提供帮助。

目录前言 (II)概述 (II)关于本书 (II)相关说明书 (II)本说明书所用符号 (III)联系方式 (III)1、用途 (1)2、认识设备 (2)2.1 抛丸清理室 (4)2.2 丸料循环净化系统 (5)2.3 除尘系统 (7)2.4 电控系统 (7)3、设备的安装与试车 (8)3.1 安装 (8)3.2 试车 (11)4、设备的润滑 (12)5、设备工作程序 (13)6、设备的维护、保养与安全 (15)6.1 保养例程 (15)6.2 机器应定期检修 (16)6.3 安全 (17)7、故障原因分析及排除方法 (18)附录A. 技术规格 (20)附录B. 滚动轴承明细表 (20)附录C.随机备件及易损件明细表 (21)附录D. 电气系统明细 (22)附录E. 电气原理图 (23)前言谢谢您选择了公司生产的Q3210X型履带式抛丸清理机。

本设备的操作员和维修员必须仔细阅读本说明书，以便使清理设备达到其最优性能。

请妥善保存本说明书以备今后参考。

为了不断提高产品性能，保留更新或修改本说明书中所含信息的权力。

本说明书所述Q3210X型抛丸机指下述单机：◆ Q3210C❖ QR3210概述Q3210X型履带式抛丸清理机是履带式抛丸清理设备，具有下述特点：该机特别适合集成到自动化生产线上。

采用大抛丸量、高抛射速度的悬臂离心式抛丸器以提高清理效率、获得满意的清理质量。

抛丸机的全部图纸均采用计算机辅助设计(CAD)绘制，抛丸器的选用及布置更为合理。

提高了弹丸的利用率和劳动生产率，保证了清理效果，减小了对室体护板的磨损。

[Q3210C]采用钢履带，具有负荷大、使用寿命长的优点；[QR3210]采用耐磨橡胶履带，减少了对工件的碰撞、损伤现象，降低了机器的噪声。

工件清理完毕后，履带反转即可实现自动卸料。

增设了加料装置以进一步降低工人劳动强度。

同时，用户可选购卸料后工件运输装置，用于自动化生产线上将已清理完毕的工件集中到一起。

IndexAccessories and Modifications.... 107Accessories................................. 107Additional Safety Precaution.... 108Modifications............................. 108ACCESSORY (Ignition KeyPosition)........................................ 67Accessory Power Socket................ 75AddingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 153Brake Fluid................................. 155Clutch Fluid................................ 155Engine Coolant........................... 147Engine Oil................................... 143Manual Transmission Fluid ..... 154Power Steering Fluid................. 156Windshield Washer Fluid......... 152Additional Information AboutYour Seat Belts........................ 42Lap Belt......................................... 43Lap/Shoulder Belt....................... 42Seat Belt Maintenance................ 44Seat Belt System Components (42)Additional Information AboutYour SRS...................................45Additional Safety Precautions.... 48How Your Airbags Work............ 45How Your SRS IndicatorWorks........................................ 47SRS Components......................... 45Additives, Engine Oil..................... 144AdjustmentsHead Restraints........................... 70Mirrors.......................................... 72Seats.............................................. 69Airbag (SRS)...................................... 9Air Cleaner Element...................... 157Air Conditioning............................... 78Maintenance............................... 164Usage............................................. 78Air Outlets (Vents).......................... 80Air Pressure, Tires........................ 166Alcohol in Gasoline........................ 221Antifreeze....................................... 149Anti-theft Steering ColumnLock............................................... 67Appearance Care........................... 183Ashtray (Optional)........................... 75Audio System.. (86)Automatic Transmission............... 118Capacity, Fluid........................... 216Checking Fluid Level................ 153Shifting........................................ 118Shift Position Indicator............. 118Shift Lever Positions................. 119Shift Lock Release (122)BatteryCharging System Light....... 55, 202Jump Starting............................. 197Maintenance............................... 160Specifications............................. 217Before Driving................................. 99Belts, Seat........................................... 8Beverage Holder.............................. 74Body Repairs. (188)CONTINUEDIndexBrakesBreak-in, New Linings .............. 100Fluid............................................ 155Light, Burned-out...................... 178Parking.......................................... 73System Indicator.................. 55, 204Wear Indicators......................... 124Braking System.............................. 124Break-in, New Car......................... 100Brightness Control, Instruments... 62Brights, Headlights......................... 61Bulb ReplacementBack-up Lights........................... 177Brake Light................................ 177Ceiling Light............................... 180Front Parking Lights................. 176Front Side Marker Lights......... 176Headlights.................................. 174High-mount Brake Light.......... 178License Plate Lights.................. 179Rear Side Marker Lights.......... 177Specifications............................. 217Turn Signal Lights..................... 176Bulbs, Halogen. (174)Cables, Jump Starting With.......... 197Capacities Chart............................. 216Carbon Monoxide Hazard.............. 49Carrying Cargo.............................. 109Cassette PlayerCare............................................... 94Operation...................................... 92CAUTION, Explanation of............... ii CD Changer...................................... 95CD Player.......................................... 95Certification Label......................... 214Chains............................................. 171Change OilHow to.........................................143When to....................................... 132Changing a Flat Tire ..................... 191Changing Engine Coolant............. 149Charging System Indicator.... 55, 202CheckingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 153Battery Condition...................... 160Brake Fluid................................. 155Clutch Fluid.. (155)Drive Belts.................................. 165Engine Coolant........................... 147Engine Oil................................... 143Fuses........................................... 205Manual Transmission Fluid..... 154Power Steering Fluid................. 156Checklist, Before Driving............. 114Cleaner, Air.................................... 157CleaningExterior....................................... 184Interior........................................ 186Seat Belts.................................... 186Vinyl............................................ 186Windows..................................... 187Clock, Setting the ............................ 91Clutch Fluid.................................... 155CO in the Exhaust......................... 223Cold Weather, Starting in............. 115Compact Spare............................... 190Consumer Information*................ 228Controls, Instruments and.............. 51CoolantAdding......................................... 147Checking..................................... 105Proper Solution.......................... 147Temperature Gauge....................57IndexCorrosion Protection..................... 187Crankcase Emission ControlSystem......................................... 223Customer Relations Office.. (229)DANGER, Explanation of................. ii Dashboard........................................ 52Daytime Running Lights................. 61Dead Battery, What to Do............ 197Defects, Reporting Safety............. 232Defogand Defrost........................... 83Defogger, Rear Window................. 64Defrosting the Windows................. 83DEXRON® III AutomaticTransmission Fluid.................... 153Dimensions..................................... 216Dimming the Headlights ................ 61DipstickAutomatic Transmission........... 153Engine Oil................................... 104Directional Signals........................... 62Disabled, Towing Your Car If...... 211Disc Brake Wear Indicators......... 124Disposal of Used Oil. (146)Economy, Fuel............................... 106Emergencies on the Road............. 189Battery, Jump Starting.............. 197Brake System Indicator............ 204Changing a Flat Tire................. 191Charging System Indicator...... 202Checking the Fuses................... 206Low Oil Pressure Indicator...... 201Malfunction Indicator Lamp.... 203Overheated Engine................... 199Emergency Brake............................ 73Emergency Flashers....................... 64Emergency Towing.. (211)Emissions Controls........................ 223EngineBelts............................................. 166Coolant Temperature Gauge ..... 57Malfunction IndicatorLamp................................. 56, 203Oil Pressure Indicator......... 55, 201Oil, What Kind to Use............... 143Overheating................................ 199Specifications............................. 216Engine Speed Limiter............. 117, 121Ethanol in Gasoline ....................... 221Evaporative Emission Controls.... 223Exhaust Fumes................................ 49Expectant Mothers, Use of SeatBelts by.........................................19Exterior, Cleaning the. (184)Fabric, Cleaning............................. 186Fan, Interior...................................... 78Features, Comfort andConvenience................................. 72Filling the Fuel Tank (100)CONTINUEDDoorsLocking and Unlocking............... 68DOT Tire Quality Grading........... 219Downshifting, 5-speed ManualTransmission.............................. 116Driver and Passenger Safety............ 5Drive Belts...................................... 165Driving............................................ 113Economy..................................... 106In Bad Weather.......................... 126In Foreign Countries.................222IndexFilterAir................................................157Oil................................................ 1455-speed Manual TransmissionChecking Fluid Level................ 154Shifting the................................. 116Flashers, Hazard Warning.............. 64Flat Tire, Changing a.................... 191FluidsAutomatic Transmission........... 153Brake...........................................155Clutch..........................................155Manual Transmission............... 154Power Steering........................... 156Windshield Washer................... 162FM Stereo RadioReception...................................... 89Folding Rear Seat............................ 71Foreign Countries, Driving in...... 222Four-way Flashers........................... 64Front End, Towing byEmergency Wrecker................. 211Fuel.................................................. 100Fill Door and Cap....................... 101Gauge............................................ 58Octane Requirement.. (100)Oxygenated................................ 221Reserve Indicator......................... 56Tank, Filling the......................... 101Fuses, Checking the. (205)Gas Mileage, Improving................ 106Gasohol........................................... 221Gasoline.......................................... 100Gauge............................................ 58Octane Requirement................. 100Tank, Filling the......................... 101Gas Station Procedures................. 101GaugesEngine CoolantTemperature............................ 58Fuel................................................ 58Gearshift Lever PositionsAutomatic Transmission........... 1185-speed ManualTransmission.......................... 114Glass Cleaning............................... 187Glove Box.. (74)Halogen Headlight Bulbs.............. 174HatchOpening the.................................. 68Open Monitor Light.................... 56Hazard Warning Flashers............... 64HeadlightsDaytime Running Lights............. 61High Beam Indicator................... 56High Beams, Turning on............ 61Low Beams, Turning on............. 61Replacing Halogen Bulbs ......... 174Turning on.................................... 61Head Restraints............................... 70Heating and Cooling........................ 78High Altitude, Starting at.............. 115High-Low Beam Switch .................. 61Hood, Opening the........................ 102Horn...................................................60Hot Coolant, Warning about........ 147Hydraulic Clutch............................ 155Hydroplaning..................................126IndexKeys (66)Label, Certification........................ 214Lane Change, Signaling.................. 62Lap Belt............................................. 43Lap/Shoulder Belts......................... 42Leaking of Exhaust into Car.......... 49LightsBulb Replacement..................... 174Indicator........................................ 53Parking.......................................... 61Turn Signal................................... 62LOCK (Ignition Key Position)....... 67LocksAnti-theft Steering Column........ 65Fuel Fill Door............................. 101Glove Box..................................... 74Hatch.............................................68Low Coolant Level......................... 105Low Fuel Indicator .......................... 56Lower Gear, Downshifting to a.... 116Low Oil Pressure Indicator.... 55, 201Maintenance................................... 129Owner Maintenance Checks.... 141Record..................................139 - 140Safety...........................................130Schedule..............................134 -138Malfunction Indicator Lamp.. 56, 203Manual Transmission.................... 116Manual Transmission Fluid ......... 154Meters, Gauges................................ 57Methanol in Gasoline.................... 221Mirrors, Adjusting (72)Neutral Gear Position.................... 120New Vehicle Break-in ................... 100Normal Shift Speeds...................... 117NOTICE, Explanation of................... ii Numbers, Identification. (214)CONTINUEDIdentification Number, Vehicle.... 188If Your Car Has to be Towed....... 186IgnitionKeys............................................... 66Switch............................................ 66Timing Control System............. 224Important Safety Precautions .......... 6Indicator Lights, InstrumentPanel..............................................54Infant Restraint................................ 29Inflation, Proper Tire .................... 166Inside Mirror.................................... 72Inspection, Tire.............................. 168Instrument Panel............................. 53Instrument Panel Brightness......... 62Interior Cleaning............................ 186Interior Lights.................................. 76Introduction.. (i)Jacking up the Car......................... 192Jack, Tire........................................ 191Jump Starting (197)Lubricant Specifications Chart.... 216Luggage..........................................109。

经典轩逸说明书经典‎轩逸说明书‎篇一：‎说明书(轩‎逸) 1 2 3 4‎5‎篇二：‎经典版说明书‎(最新修改) 目录‎第一部分经传·唯信‎号论第二部分软件‎基本操作第一章一‎二三四五六‎K 七第二章一‎二三四五六‎第三部分一二‎软件使用方法安装和‎卸载软件启动软件‎指标的调用与切换的方‎法涨跌幅排名和综合‎排名图形组合线信‎息的查看设置自选股‎菜单栏功能系统功‎能图线分析基础功‎能高级功能资讯系‎统帮助经传·经典‎版系列指标说明慧眼K‎线智能交易三智‎能辅助四海洋寻底‎五捕捞季节六‎主力统计七跟风统‎计八散户统计九‎水手突破十分类‎界面附录软件基础‎名词解释股票投资基‎础知识第一部分经‎传·唯信号论股市中‎的中小投资者，为实现‎股市中的投资梦想往往‎需要花费大量的时间、‎金钱、精力通过持之‎以恒的学习适应市场。

‎面对市场数以万计的资‎讯、数据、方法等大量‎信息，如何有效的进行‎鉴别，进行针对性的学‎习尤为关键。

我们生‎活在一个信息高度发达‎的时代，千里眼、顺风‎耳早已不是神话。

通过‎网络及广播电视媒体‎任何有关于市场的信息‎都能在最快速时间里从‎地球的一端传送至另一‎端。

谁最先获得了市场‎的信息那就能在在这个‎市场中获得领先的位置‎。

古语云：“‎早知三日便可富甲天下‎”，经传系列产品将从‎多个市场中为投资者提‎供第一手的数据及资讯‎。

经传信息致力于为‎中小投资者提供服务工‎具，不仅提供庞大的金‎融市场数据库信息，还‎将提供一系列识别有‎效信息的方法。

通过计‎算机系统强大的运算功‎能针对行情变化快速提‎取最真实、有效、及时‎的市场信息。

在经过概‎率、逻辑、主观的系统‎分析之后，实现真正的‎唯信号论、理性投资、‎长期生存的产品理念。

‎第二部分软件基本‎操作第一章软件使‎用方法一、安‎装和卸载软件‎1、软件的安装：‎ 1) 软件安装‎包（Setup.ex‎e文件）的获得：‎方法一、‎在本公司附送的光盘上‎即可找到Setup.‎e xe文件。

联想小新300经典版使用说明书一、产品概述联想小新300经典版是一款轻薄便携的笔记本电脑，采用了最新的处理器和高清显示屏，为用户提供出色的性能和视觉体验。

本使用说明书将详细介绍该产品的功能和操作方法，帮助用户更好地使用和了解该笔记本电脑。

二、外观和硬件配置1. 外观：联想小新300经典版采用金属机身设计，外观简约大气，轻薄便携。

2. 显示屏：配备13.3英寸高清显示屏，分辨率为1920x1080，色彩鲜艳，画面清晰细腻。

3. 处理器：搭载Intel Core i5处理器，性能强劲，运行速度快。

4. 内存和存储：配置8GB内存和256GB固态硬盘，运行流畅，存储空间充足。

三、开机与关机1. 开机：按下电源键，等待电脑启动，输入账户密码后即可进入系统。

2. 关机：点击“开始”菜单，选择“关机”，确认后电脑将自动关闭。

四、系统设置1. 语言设置：打开“设置”菜单，选择“时间和语言”，在语言选项中选择所需语言。

2. 网络设置：点击任务栏右下角的网络图标，选择可用的Wi-Fi网络，并输入密码进行连接。

3. 声音设置：打开“设置”菜单，选择“声音”，调节音量大小和其他声音相关设置。

五、常用操作1. 文件管理：通过资源管理器可以浏览和管理电脑中的文件和文件夹，包括复制、粘贴、删除等操作。

2. 网页浏览：打开浏览器，输入网址后即可访问网页，支持多标签页、书签管理等功能。

3. 文字处理：使用预装的文字处理软件（如Microsoft Office），可以创建、编辑和保存文档。

4. 视频播放：使用预装的媒体播放器，可以播放本地视频文件，并支持全屏、调节音量等功能。

5. 音乐播放：使用预装的音乐播放器，可以播放本地音乐文件，并支持创建播放列表、调节音量等功能。

六、注意事项1. 请勿将电脑暴露在过热或过冷的环境中，以免影响其性能和寿命。

2. 使用电脑时请注意保持正确的坐姿，避免长时间使用造成身体不适。

3. 在使用过程中，如遇到故障或异常情况，请及时联系售后服务中心进行处理。

家庭情况说明书范文篇一：个人家庭情况说明个人家庭情况说明本人**************学生。

本人家住农村，家中现有父亲，母亲，共有三人。

由于家乡地处小乡村，家乡经济欠发达，家庭收入甚微，仅靠农耕为主，平时家里没有什么特别经济收入，大学期间的高额学费和生活费，使得本来困难的家里更加雪上加霜。

父母身体不好且多病，家中生活困难。

我的亲朋好友都为我感到高兴能有机会上大学。

怀着满腔的热情，我离开了我钟爱的故土来到他乡求学。

带着家乡们的自豪与执著，我一直在努力的做着我应该做的事情——学习。

父母省吃俭用的钱把钱寄给我。

他们希望我能过的好。

父母只想让我好好学习，我只能用学习成绩来回报他们，每次向家里报告好成绩的时候，都可以感受到父母舒心的笑容，还有他们的嘱咐，让我再接再历。

也许是父母们对与儿女的关爱，他们总是要我们不要太薄对自己，总是把最好东西留给我们，他们自己说“钱我们俩回努力去挣的，你尽管按你的需要去做你的事情吧！只要你将来能够有所作为。

”每当我听到这句话，我都回感到阵阵心痛。

一种欲摆无奈的心情。

我只愿为他们减轻些。

在到大学之前我就有了一个想法：申请国家助学贷款来充当学费，申请勤工俭学岗位来充当伙食费，平时省吃俭用，还要申请国家助学金来充当一部分伙食费和生活费，尽量减轻家里的负担。

在大一里，我按照自己的想法去做，申请国家助学金、勤工俭学岗位。

大学阶段是我人生中一个极为重要的阶段。

在这两年中，我在各个方面都获得了巨大的进步，综合素质得到了很大的提高。

我也要特别感谢院里的大力培养以及老师在专业方面的深入指导和同学们在工作、生活中给我的支持和帮助。

在平时的生活中，朴素节俭﹑性格开朗，严以律己宽以待人。

平时也很善于和同学沟通，也乐于帮助同学，只要是自己能够做到的都尽力帮助，建立了良好的人际关系，获得了大家的尊重和支持。

优秀的人生需要的不仅是丰富的知识，更重要的是具备良好的社会责任感和个人道德修养。

这种深深扎根在心中的观念使我力争成为一名全面发展的学生。

投标说明书经典版模板一、前言在当今竞争激烈的市场环境下，企业为了获得更多的商机和合作机会，常常需要参与各类投标。

而投标说明书作为企业参与投标的重要文件，其编写质量直接关系到企业是否能够成功中标。

本文将介绍一份经典版的投标说明书模板，希望能为广大企业提供一些参考和借鉴。

二、投标背景在这一部分，需要对投标的背景进行简要介绍。

包括投标项目的名称、招标单位的基本情况、招标项目的目的和要求等。

同时，还可以介绍一下企业自身的背景和实力，以便招标单位更好地了解投标企业。

三、投标内容在这一部分，需要详细说明投标企业的具体投标内容。

可以按照招标文件的要求，逐一列出投标企业能够提供的产品或服务，并进行详细描述。

同时，还可以突出投标企业的优势和特色，以增加中标的机会。

四、投标方案在这一部分，需要对投标方案进行详细阐述。

投标方案是指投标企业为满足招标单位的需求，所提供的解决方案和实施计划。

可以从技术方案、管理方案、服务方案等多个方面进行说明，并突出投标企业的创新性和可行性。

五、投标条件在这一部分，需要列出投标企业的相关条件和要求。

包括企业的注册资金、人员配备、技术实力、质量管理体系等。

同时，还可以列出投标企业的成功案例和荣誉证书，以增加投标企业的信誉度和竞争力。

六、投标报价在这一部分，需要详细说明投标企业的报价情况。

可以按照招标文件的要求，逐一列出各项费用，并进行详细说明和计算。

同时，还可以说明投标企业的报价策略和优惠措施，以增加中标的机会。

七、投标保证金在这一部分，需要说明投标企业需要提供的投标保证金。

包括保证金的金额、缴纳方式、退还条件等。

同时，还可以说明投标企业对于保证金的管理和使用情况，以增加投标企业的可信度。

八、投标文件的准备在这一部分，需要说明投标文件的准备工作。

包括投标文件的编制流程、编制人员的要求、文件的格式和规范等。

同时，还可以提供一些编制投标文件的经验和技巧，以帮助投标企业提高编制质量。

九、投标文件的提交在这一部分，需要说明投标文件的提交方式和时间。