Facebook COO 桑德伯格2012哈佛商学院毕业演讲

桑德伯格：做好这件事，让我在管理岗位上永不止步我们大多数人应该都知道，谢丽尔·桑德伯格是Facebook 的首席运营官，她无所不在的身影让我们都认识了她，但是真正让她被大众所熟知的是之前她在TED 上关于“参与外部活动而不做日常琐事”的演讲。

桑德伯格是一个非常喜欢观察周围环境的人。

在注意到硅谷缺少女性后，她确定了一些能让女性回归该行业的主题，开始和别人分享她所观察到的东西，一开始只是一些不正式的小型聚会。

当她的想法与他人产生共鸣后，他们鼓励她把这些东西公布出来，所以得知要上TED 做演讲时，她明白是时候该公布了。

TED 演讲像病毒一样扩散传播出去，她收到了很多邀请，先是巴纳德学院（Barnard College）的毕业演讲，紧接着又是哈佛大学商学院（Harvard Business School）。

这三段演讲的点击率迅速超过了百万，这样的影响力，除了史蒂夫·乔布斯以外，几乎没有哪个公司的CEO 能做到。

随后，大家都知道她出版了畅销书《向前一步》（Lean In ）。

在此之前，没有人表现出对“女性工作场所”的话题有如此大的兴趣，谈论得如此深刻。

这与桑德伯格运营Facebook 的工作有什么关系呢？《向前一步》一书给她带来的名声不仅帮她吸引了更多的女性使用Facebook，同时还奠定了她在Facebook 上的地位，扩大了她的人际关系网络。

在管理岗位上，随着时间的推移，重复着相同或相似的工作，很多人会感到自己已经停滞不前或是缺乏新鲜感。

还有的管理者会觉得，即使是在内部项目中，也因想法欠缺而项目开展起来有些吃力。

这种情况，我们称之为“能力陷阱”。

1过去我们常说，做自己喜欢的事，总能得到回报。

然而，做自己喜欢的事，也容易走向另一个极端。

比如，我们很乐于去做那些我们擅长的事，于是就会一直去做，最终就使得我们会一直擅长那些事。

做得越多，就越擅长，越擅长就越愿意去做。

这样的一个循环能让我们在这方面获得更多的经验，但却容易陷入“能力陷阱”，在其他方面无法突破。

facebook桑伯格演讲案例尊敬的老师们，自豪的家长们，亲爱的朋友们，激动的兄弟姐妹们，特别是2018届毕业生们：祝贺你们，你们做到了！这实属不易。

你们完成了四年的学业。

你们克服了2015年的大雪。

你们在Muddy Charles酒吧撑过了太多的每周三活动，学到了重要的人生教训：世上根本没有免费的鸡翅。

今天，你们成为了这个世界上最受尊崇的理工学府的毕业生。

哈佛大学的人想让我说“两英里范围内最受尊崇的学府”。

我拒绝了，但你们将很快发现校友会是多么地执着。

问问68届毕业生就知道了：他们参加的募捐活动比你们吃的鸡翅还要多。

我记得，自己在毕业的时候有一种人生走到拐角、前途未明的感觉。

我是那种会在开学第一天就为了期末考试开始紧张学习的人。

对于像我这样的人来说，那种感觉确实令人不安。

大学毕业是我人生中第一次看不清前方的道路。

我记得当时除了兴奋和憧憬之外，还有那么一点点的令人无法忽视的不确定性。

如果你们清楚地知道自己将来要做什么，请举手。

总是有一些人的。

这令人印象深刻。

我不知道自己将来要做什么。

我不知道哪里最适合我，哪里最能让我有所作为。

现在，当我需要建议的时候，我会去找马克·扎克伯格（Mark Zuckerberg），但那时，他还在读小学。

我只肯定一件事：我不想经商，更是从未想过进入技术行业。

我想，这对你们之中举手的那些人来说是一个提醒：不确定性是年轻人的一大特权。

事情的结果未必如你们所料，但在不确定的人生道路上，你们将获得宝贵的经验教训。

今天，我想和你们分享我在大学毕业后第一份工作中学到的经验教训。

那是在印度从事麻风病治疗项目。

自从圣经时代以来，麻风病患者就被与世隔绝，以免传染这种疾病。

我从大学毕业的时候，治疗麻风病的技术挑战已经解决。

医生可以很容易地根据胸口的皮肤斑块，对麻风病作出诊断。

药物可以很容易地治疗这种疾病。

但歧视依然存在，所以麻风病患者总是讳疾忌医。

我永远不会忘记第一次见到麻风病患者的情景。

希拉里2012哈佛演讲原文摘要：1.希拉里2012哈佛演讲背景介绍2.演讲主题及重要性3.演讲内容概括3.1 全球化与跨文化沟通3.2 女性领导力与发展3.3 教育与创新3.4 未来挑战与机遇4.演讲中的亮点与观点5.演讲对现实世界的启示正文：**希拉里2012哈佛演讲：全球化背景下的女性领导力与发展****1.背景介绍**2012年，美国前国务卿、著名政治家希拉里·克林顿（Hillary Clinton）受邀出席哈佛大学年度毕业典礼，并发表了题为“全球化背景下的女性领导力与发展”的演讲。

此次演讲在当时引起了广泛关注，不仅强调了女性在社会发展中的重要地位，还讨论了教育、创新和未来挑战等热点话题。

**2.演讲主题及重要性**在此次演讲中，希拉里围绕全球化背景下的女性领导力与发展这一主题展开论述。

她认为，在全球化的进程中，女性领导力的崛起将对社会产生深远影响。

此外，她还强调了女性在政治、经济、社会等领域的贡献，以及如何在这个大背景下发挥领导力、实现自身价值。

这场演讲对于激发女性自信、促进性别平等具有重要的现实意义。

**3.演讲内容概括**3.1 全球化与跨文化沟通希拉里指出，全球化使各国之间的联系更加紧密，跨文化沟通成为必要技能。

在这个过程中，女性独特的视角和沟通能力使得她们在处理国际事务、解决冲突等方面具有优势。

3.2 女性领导力与发展希拉里强调，女性领导力的崛起将对全球发展产生重要影响。

她认为，女性领导力具有关注细节、同情共鸣、协作共赢等特点，这些品质在社会发展中具有重要意义。

3.3 教育与创新希拉里表示，教育是推动社会进步和创新的关键。

她呼吁社会重视女性教育，认为女性受教育程度的提高将带来更多的社会福祉。

3.4 未来挑战与机遇在面对未来挑战时，希拉里认为，女性应积极参与政治、经济和社会事务，发挥自身优势，为全球发展作出贡献。

同时，她也指出，全球化背景下的女性领导力将面临诸多机遇，女性应勇敢追求自己的梦想，实现自身价值。

I'm honored to be with you today because, let's face it, you accomplished something I never could. If I get through this speech, it'll be the first time I actually finish something at Harvard. Class of 2017, congratulations!I'm an unlikely speaker, not just because I dropped out, but because we're technically in the same generation. We walked this yard less than a decade apart, studied the same ideas and slept through the same Ec10 lectures. We may have taken different paths to get here, especially if you came all the way from the Quad, but today I want to share what I've learned about our generation and the world we're building together.But first, the last couple of days have brought back a lot of good memories.How many of you remember exactly what you were doing when you got that email telling you that you got into Harvard? I was playing Civilization and I ran downstairs, got my dad, and for some reason, his reaction was to video me opening the email. That could have been a really sad video. I swear getting into Harvard is still the thing my parents are most proud of me for.What about your first lecture at Harvard? Mine was Computer Science 121 with the incredible Harry Lewis. I was late so I threw on a t-shirt and didn't realize until afterwards it was inside out and backwards with my tag sticking out the front. I couldn't figure out why no one would talk to me -- except one guy, KX Jin, he just went with it. We ended up doing our problem sets together, and now he runs a big part of Facebook. And that, Class of 2017, is why you should be nice to people.But my best memory from Harvard was meeting Priscilla. I had just launched this prank website Facemash, and the ad board wanted to "see me". Everyone thought I was going to get kicked out. My parents came to help me pack. My friends threw me a going away party. As luck would have it, Priscilla was at that party with her friend. We met in line for the bathroom in the Phoho Belltower, and in what must be one of the all time romantic lines, I said: "I'm going to get kicked out in three days, so we need to go on a date quickly."Actually, any of you graduating can use that line.I didn't end up getting kicked out -- I did that to myself. Priscilla and I started dating. And, you know, that movie made it seem like Facemash was so important to creating Facebook. It wasn't. But without Facemash I wouldn't have met Priscilla, and she's the most important person in my life, so you could say it was the most important thing I built in my time here.We've all started lifelong friendships here, and some of us even families. That'swhy I'm so grateful to this place. Thanks, Harvard.Today I want to talk about purpose. But I'm not here to give you the standard commencement about finding your purpose. We're millennials. We'll try to do that instinctively. Instead, I'm here to tell you finding your purpose isn't enough. The challenge for our generation is creating a world where everyone has a sense of purpose.One of my favorite stories is when John F Kennedy visited the NASA space center, he saw a janitor carrying a broom and he walked over and asked what he was doing. The janitor responded: "Mr. President, I'm helping put a man on the moon".Purpose is that sense that we are part of something bigger than ourselves, that we are needed, that we have something better ahead to work for. Purpose is what creates true happiness.You're graduating at a time when this is especially important. When our parents graduated, purpose reliably came from your job, your church, your community. But today, technology and automation are eliminating many jobs. Membership in communities is declining. Many people feel disconnected and depressed, and are trying to fill a void.As I've traveled around, I've sat with children in juvenile detention and opioid addicts, who told me their lives could have turned out differently if they just had something to do, an after school program or somewhere to go. I've met factory workers who know their old jobs aren't coming back and are trying to find their place.To keep our society moving forward, we have a generational challenge -- to not only create new jobs, but create a renewed sense of purpose.I remember the night I launched Facebook from my little dorm in Kirkland House.I went to Noch's with my friend KX. I remember telling him I was excited to connect the Harvard community, but one day someone would connect the whole world.The thing is, it never even occurred to me that someone might be us. We were just college kids. We didn't know anything about that. There were all these big technology companies with resources. I just assumed one of them would do it. But this idea was so clear to us -- that all people want to connect. So we just kept moving forward, day by day.I know a lot of you will have your own stories just like this. A change in the world that seems so clear you're sure someone else will do it. But they won't. You will.But it's not enough to have purpose yourself. You have to create a sense of purpose for others.I found that out the hard way. You see, my hope was never to build a company, but to make an impact. And as all these people started joining us, I just assumed that's what they cared about too, so I never explained what I hoped we'd build.A couple years in, some big companies wanted to buy us. I didn't want to sell. I wanted to see if we could connect more people. We were building the first News Feed, and I thought if we could just launch this, it could change how we learn about the world.Nearly everyone else wanted to sell. Without a sense of higher purpose, this was the startup dream come true. It tore our company apart. After one tense argument, an advisor told me if I didn't agree to sell, I would regret the decision for the rest of my life. Relationships were so frayed that within a year or so every single person on the management team was gone.That was my hardest time leading Facebook. I believed in what we were doing, but I felt alone. And worse, it was my fault. I wondered if I was just wrong, an imposter, a 22 year-old kid who had no idea how the world worked.Now, years later, I understand that *is* how things work with no sense of higher purpose. It's up to us to create it so we can all keep moving forward together.Today I want to talk about three ways to create a world where everyone has a sense of purpose: by taking on big meaningful projects together, by redefining equality so everyone has the freedom to pursue purpose, and by building community across the world.First, let's take on big meaningful projects.Our generation will have to deal with tens of millions of jobs replaced by automation like self-driving cars and trucks. But we have the potential to do so much more together.Every generation has its defining works. More than 300,000 people worked to put a man on the moon – including that janitor. Millions of volunteers immunized children around the world against polio. Millions of more people built the Hoover dam and other great projects.These projects didn't just provide purpose for the people doing those jobs, theygave our whole country a sense of pride that we could do great things.Now it's our turn to do great things. I know, you're probably thinking: I don't know how to build a dam, or get a million people involved in anything.But let me tell you a secret: no one does when they begin. Ideas don't come out fully formed. They only become clear as you work on them. You just have to get started.If I had to understand everything about connecting people before I began, I never would have started Facebook.Movies and pop culture get this all wrong. The idea of a single eureka moment is a dangerous lie. It makes us feel inadequate since we haven't had ours. It prevents people with seeds of good ideas from getting started. Oh, you know what else movies get wrong about innovation? No one writes math formulas on glass. That's not a thing.It's good to be idealistic. But be prepared to be misunderstood. Anyone working on a big vision will get called crazy, even if you end up right. Anyone working on a complex problem will get blamed for not fully understanding the challenge, even though it's impossible to know everything upfront. Anyone taking initiative will get criticized for moving too fast, because there's always someone who wants to slow you down.In our society, we often don't do big things because we're so afraid of making mistakes that we ignore all the things wrong today if we do nothing. The reality is, anything we do will have issues in the future. But that can't keep us from starting.So what are we waiting for? It's time for our generation-defining public works. How about stopping climate change before we destroy the planet and getting millions of people involved manufacturing and installing solar panels? How about curing all diseases and asking volunteers to track their health data and share their genomes? Today we spend 50x more treating people who are sick than we spend finding cures so people don’t get sick in the first place. That makes no sense. We can fix this. How about modernizing democracy so everyone can vote online, and personalizing education so everyone can learn?These achievements are within our reach. Let's do them all in a way that gives everyone in our society a role. Let's do big things, not only to create progress, but to create purpose.。

Facebook COO雪莉桑德伯格在加州大学伯克利分校2016毕业典礼上的演讲5月14日，Facebook首席运营官、《向前一步》作者雪莉？桑德伯格(Sheryl Sandberg )在加州大学伯克利分校(UC Berkeley)2016毕业典礼上发表演讲。

在丈夫离世一年之际，她讲到了痛失爱人的痛苦以及应付挫折的韧性。

丈夫去世后，她在“向前一步”方面有些新思考，近来也引发不少讨论。

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 2016 Commencement AddressThank you, Marie. And thank you esteemed members of the faculty, proud parents, devoted friends, squirming siblings.Con gratulati ons to all of you …and especially to the magn ifice nt Berkeley graduati ng classof 2016!It is a privilege to be here at Berkeley, which has produced so many Nobel Prize winners,Turing Award winners, astronauts, members of Congress, Olympic gold medalists ・・and that 's just thewomen!Berkeley has always been ahead of the times. In the 1960s, you led the Free Speech Movement. Back in those days, people used to say that with all the long hair, how do we even tell the boys from the girls? We now know the answer: manbuns.Early on, Berkeley opened its doors to the entire population. When this campus opened in 1873, the class included 167 men and 222 women. It took my alma mater another ninety years to award a single degree to a single woman.One of the women who came here in search of opportunity was Rosalind Nuss. Roz grew up scrubbing floors in the Brooklyn boardinghouse where she lived. She was pulled out of high school by her parents to help support their family. One of her teachers insisted that her parents put her back into school —and in 1937, she sat where you are sitting today and received a Berkeley degree. Roz was my grandmother. She was a huge inspiration to me and I 'm so grateful that Berkeley recognized her potential. I want to take a moment to offer a special congratulations to the many here today who are the first generation in their families to graduate from college. What a remarkable achievement.Today is a day of celebration. A day to celebrate all the hard work that got you to this moment.Today is a day of thanks. A day to thank those who helped you get here —nurtured you, taught you,cheered you on, and dried your tears.Or at least the ones who didn 't draw on you with a Sharpie when you fell asleep at a party.Today is a day of reflection. Because today marks the end of one era of your life and the beginning of something new.A commencement address is meant to be a dance between youth and wisdom. You have the youth. Someone comes in to be the voice of wisdom —that 's supposed to be me. I stand up here and tell you all the things I have learned in life, you throw your cap in the air, you let your family take a millio n photos —don' t forget to post them on In stagram and eve—o negoes home happy.Today will be a bit different. We will still do the caps and you still have to do the photos. But I am not here to tell you all the things I ' ve learned in life. ToydtoayteIllwyilol utr what I learned in death.I have never spoken publicly about this before. It ' s hard. But I will do my very best not to blow my nose on this beautiful Berkeley robe.One year and thirteen days ago, I lost my husband, Dave. His death was sudden and unexpected. We were at a friend ' s fiftieth birthday party in Mexico. I took a nap. Dave went to work out. What followed was theunthinkable —walking into a gym to find him lying onthe floor. Flying home to tell my children that their father was gone. Watching his casket being lowered into the ground.For many months afterward, and at many times since, I was swallowed up in the deep fog of grief —what I think of as the void —an emptiness that fills your heart, your lungs, constricts your ability to think or even to breathe.Dave' s death changed me in very profound ways. I learned about the depths of sadness and the brutality of loss. But I also learned that when life sucks you under, you can kick against the bottom, break the surface, and breathe again. I learned that in the face of the void —or in the face of any challenge —you can choose joy and meaning.I ' m sharing this with you in the hopes that today, as you take the next step in your life, you can learn the lessons that I only learned in death. Lessons about hope, strength, and the light within us that will not be extinguished.Everyone who has made it through Cal has already experienced some disappointment. You wanted an A but you got a B. OK, let 's be hyoonuesgtot a—n A- but you ' re still mad. You applied for an internship at Facebook, but you only got one from Google. She was the love of your life … but the n she swiped left. Game of Thrones the show has diverged way too much from the books —and you botheredto read all four thousand three hundred and fifty-two pages.You will almost certainly face more and deeper adversity. There 's loss of opportunity: the job that doesn'wtork out, the illness or accident that changes everything in an instant.There's loss of dignity: the sharp sting of prejudice when it happens. There 's loss o broken relationships that can 't be fixed. And sometimes there 's loss of life itself.Some of you have already experienced the kind of tragedy and hardship that leave an indelible mark. Last year, Radhika, the winner of the University Medal, spoke so beautifully about the sudden loss of her mother. The question is not if some of these things will happen to you. They will. Today I want to talk about what happens next. About the things you can do to overcome adversity, no matter what form it takes or when it hits you. The easy days ahead of you will be easy. It is the hard days—the times that challenge you to your very core —that will determine who you are. You will be defined not just by what you achieve, but by how you survive.A few weeks after Dave died, I was talking to my friend Phil about a father-son activity that Dave was not here to do. We came up with a plan to fill in for Dave. I cried to him, want Dave. ” Phil put his arm around me and said, “Option A is not available. So letkick the shit out of option B. ”We all at some point live some form of option B. The question is: What do we do then?As a representative of Silicon Valley, I 'm pleased to tell you there is data to learn from. After spending decades studying how people deal with setbacks, psychologist Martin Seligman found that there are three P pe'rsosn—alization, pervasiveness, and permanence —that arecritical to how we bounce back from hardship. The seeds of resilience are planted in the way we process the negative events in our lives.The first P is personalization —the belief that we are at fault. This is different from taking responsibility, which you should always do. This is the lesson that not everything that happens to us happens because of us.When Dave died, I had a very common reaction, which was to blame myself. He died in seconds from acardiac arrhythmia. I poured over his medical records asking what I could have—or should have —done. It wasn 't until I learned about the three P ce'ptsetdhat I ac that I could not have prevented his death. His doctors had not identified his coronary artery disease. I was an economics major; how could I have?Studies show that getting past personalization can actually make you stronger. Teachers who knew they could do better after students failed adjusted their methods and saw future classes go on to excel. College swimmers who underperformed but believed they were capable of swimming faster did. Not taking failures personally allows us to recover —and even to thrive.The second P is pervasiveness—the belief that an event will affect all areas of your life. You know that song “ Everything is awesome? ” This is the flip: “ Everything is awful. ”place to run or hide from the all-consuming sadness.The child psychologists I spoke to encouraged me to get my kids back to their routine as soon as possible. So ten days after Dave died, they went back to school and I went back to work. I remember sitting in my first Facebook meeting in a deep, deep haze. All I could think was, “ What is everyone talking about and how could this possibly matter? ” But got drawn into the discussion and for a second —a brief split second —I forgot about death.That brief second helped me see that there were other things in my life that were not awful. My children and I were healthy. My friends and family were so loving and they carried us—quite literally at times.The loss of a partner often has severe negative financial consequences, especially for women. So many single mothers —and fathers —struggle to make ends meet or have jobs that don ' t allow them the time they need to care for their children. I had financial security, the ability to take the time off I needed, and a job that I did not just believe in, but where it 'asctually OK to spend all day on Facebook. Gradually, my children started sleeping through the night, crying less, playing more.The third P is permanence —the belief that the sorrow will last forever. For months, no matter what I did, it felt like the crushing grief would always be there.We often project our current feelings out indefinitely —and experience what I think of asthe second derivative of those feelings. We feel anxious —and then we feel anxious that we're anxious. We feel sad —and then we feel sad that wsaed. Inste'adr,ewe should acceptour feelings —but recognize that they will not last forever. My rabbi told me that time would heal but for now I should “ lean in to the suck. ” It was good advice, but not reallywhat I meant by “ lean in. ”None of you need me t o explain the fourth P …which is, of course, pizza from Cheese Board.But I wish I had known about the three P 's when I was your age. There were so many times these lessons would have helped.Day one of my first job out of college, my boss found out that I didn 't know how to enter data into Lotus 1-2- 3. That 's a spreadsheeatsk y—our parents. His mouth dropped open and he said, ‘I can 't believe you got this job without knowing thaatnd then walked”ou—t of theroom. I went home convinced that I was going to be fired. I thought I was terrible at everything …but it turns out I was only terrible at spreadsheets. Understanding pervasiveness would have saved me a lot of anxiety that week.I wish I had known about permanence when I broke up with boyfriends. It would ve been a ' comfort to know that feeling was not going to last forever, and if I was being honest with myself … neither were any of those relationships.And I wish I had understood personalization when boyfriends broke up with me. Sometimes it 's not youit re—ally is them. I mean, that dude never showered.And all three P 's ganged up on me in my twenties after my first marriage ended in divorce. Ithought at the time that no matter what I accomplished, I was a massive failure.The three P 's are common emotionraelactions to so many things that happen to us —in our careers, our personal lives, and our relationships. You 're probably feeling one of them righ now about something in your life. But if you can recognize you are falling into these traps, you can catch yourself. Just as our bodies have a physiological immune system, our brains have a psychological immune system —and there are steps you can take to help kick it intogear.One day my friend Adam Grant, a psychologist, suggested that I think about how much worse things could be. This was completely counterintuitive; it seemed like the way to recover was to try to find positive thoughts. “Worse?”I said. “Areyou kidding me? How could things be worse?”His answer cut straight through me: “Davecould have had that same cardiac arrhythmia while he was driving your children. ” Wow. The moment he said it,I was overwhelmingly grateful that the rest of my family was alive and healthy. That gratitude overtook some of the grief.Finding gratitude and appreciation is key to resilience. People who take the time to list things they are grateful for are happier and healthier. It turns out that counting your blessings can actually increase your blessings. My New Year 's resolution this year is to writ down three moments of joy before I go to bed each night. This simple practice has changed my life. Because no matter what happens each day, I go to sleep thinking of something cheerful. Try it. Start tonight when you have so many fun moments to list—although maybe do it before y ou hit Kip 's and can still remember what they are.Last month, eleven days before the anniversary of Dave 's death, I broke down crying to a friend of mine. We were sitting —of all places —on a bathroom floor. I said: “Eleven days. One year ago, he had eleven days left. And we had no idea. ”We looked at each other through tears, and asked how we would live if we knew we had eleven days left.As you graduate, can you ask yourselves to live as if you had eleven days left? I don blow everything off and party all the time —although tonight is an exception. I mean live with the understanding of how precious every single day would be. How precious every day actually is.A few years ago, my mom had to have her hip replaced. When she was younger, she always walked without pain. But as her hip disintegrated, each step became painful. Now, even years after her operation, she is grateful for every step she takes without pain —something that never would have occurred to her before.As I stand here today, a year after the worst day of my life, two things are true. I have a huge reservoir of sadness that is with me always —right here where I can touch it. I never knew I could cry so often —or so much.But I am also aware that I am walking without pain. For the first time, I am grateful for eachbreath in and out — grateful for the gift of life itself. I used to celebrate my every five years and friends ' birthdays sometimes. Now I celebrate always. I used to go to sleep worrying about all the things I messed up that day — and trust me that list was often quite long. Now I try really hard to focus on each day ' s moments of joy.It is the greatest irony of my life that losing my husban d helped me find deeper gratitude — gratitude for the kindness of my friends, the love of my family, the laughter of my children. My hope for you is that you can find that gratitude — not just on the good days, like today, but on the hard ones, when you will really need it.There are so many moments of joy ahead of you. That trip you always wanted to take. A first kiss withsomeone youreally like. The day you get a job doing something you truly believe in. Beating Stanford. (Go Bears!) All of these things will happen to you. Enjoy each and every one.I hope that you live your life — each precious day of it —with joy and meaning. I hope that you walk without pain — and that you are grateful for each step.And when the challenges come, I hope you remember that anchored deep within you is the ability to learn and grow. You are not born with a fixed amount of resilience. Like a muscle, you can build it up, draw on it when you need it. In that process you will figure out who you really are — and you just might become the very best version of yourself.Class of 2016, as you leave Berkeley, build resilience.Build resilience in yourselves. When tragedy or disappointment strike, know that you have the ability to get through absolutely anything. I promise you do. As the saying goes, we are more vulnerable than we ever thought, but we are stronger than we ever imagined.Build resilient organizations. If anyone can do it, you can, because Berkeley is filled withpeople who want to make the world a better place. Never stop working to do so —whetherit ' s a boardroom that is not representative or a campus that at institutions like this one, which you hold so dear. My favorite poster atwork reads, “ Nothing at Facebook is someone else ' s problem. ” When you see something that go fix it.Build resilient communities. We find our humanity — our will to live and our ability to love —in ourconnections to one another. Be there for your family and friends. And I mean in person. Not just in amessage with a heart emoji.Lift each other up, help each other kick the shit out of option B —and celebrate each andevery moment of joy.You have the whole world in front of you. I can ' t wait to see what you do with it. Congratulations, and Go Bears!桑德伯格在加州大学伯克利分校 2016毕业典礼上的演讲 谢谢玛丽。

Facebook首席运营官桑德伯格首谈死亡与挫折要拥有扛过一切悲伤的能力雪莉·桑德伯格（Sheryl Sandberg），Facebook的首席运营官，执掌上千亿美金市值的商业帝国。

2015年5月，正在事业蓬勃之际，丈夫Dave Goldberg遽然离世。

桑德伯格在加州大学伯克利分校毕业典礼讲演中，首次分享了她从至亲的死亡中获得的感悟：“我们所经历的每一次挫折，都会在灵魂深处种下坚韧的种子。

我们记忆深处的每一次苦难，都会在日后成为支撑我们走下去的力量”。

当我对所有事情都厌倦的时候，我就会想到你，想到你在世界某个地方生活着、存在着，我就愿意去承受一切。

你的存在对我很重要。

——《美国往事》| 要拥有扛过一切悲伤的能力 |雪莉.桑德伯格在今天这个特殊的时刻，我不会和你们交流我的人生经验，而是试着和你们分享我从死亡中学到的领悟——事实上，我从未在公众场合谈过这个话题。

一年多以前，我失去了我的丈夫， Dave。

事情发生得非常突然和出人意料。

我们当时在墨西哥参加一个朋友五十岁的生日聚会。

我正在午睡，Dave去做运动。

之后发生的一切都是不堪回首的，比如我发现他躺在体育馆的地板上，停止了呼吸。

比如我不得不独自飞回家，告诉我的孩子们他们父亲的死讯。

比如我眼睁睁看着他的棺材渐渐地没入地面。

在那之后的好几个月，在那之后的很多时候，我感觉我自己要被悲痛的吞噬了。

那是种填满你的心脏、你的肺、限制你思考，甚至让你无法呼吸的空虚。

Dave的离去深深地改变了我。

我知道了悲伤的深度。

但同时，我也领悟到，当你们的生活沉入谷底，你们可以反击，冲破表层的障碍，再次呼吸。

我认识到，当你们面对无边无际的空虚，又或者当你们面临任何挑战，你们可以选择过快乐好有意义的人生。

今天，我希望你们可以学习到一些我对于死亡的体悟——那些关于希望，力量，以及我心中永不灭的光。

桑德伯格与丈夫戈德伯格1如果悲剧无法避免我们该如何面对？我相信在座每个人都或多或少有过挫折。

谢丽尔桑德伯格清华20XX毕业演讲稿命运偏爱勇者向前一步20XX年清华大学经济管理学院毕业之际，Facebook首席运营官来清华演讲，为即将毕业的20XX届毕业生送上精彩的演讲，寄语毕业生要想成为领导者，那么就要勇于向前一步，facebook谢丽尔桑德伯格清华20XX毕业演讲稿命运偏爱勇者向前一步谢丽尔桑德伯格清华20XX毕业演讲稿命运偏爱勇者向前一步钱颖一院长、杰出的清华经管学院的教师们、自豪的毕业生亲属、鼎力支持他们的朋友们、以及更重要的是，清华经管学院20XX届的毕业生们：我很荣幸今天来到这里为你们做毕业典礼演讲。

同我的老板马克扎克伯格不一样的是，我不会讲中文。

为此我感到抱歉。

但是，他请我用中文转达他对大家的问候祝贺。

今天能在这里祝贺优秀的同学们毕业，我感到非常兴奋。

当钱颖一院长邀请我今天来做演讲时，我想，来给远比我年轻比我酷的人演讲?这事儿我能做。

我在Facebook每天都要做这样的事情。

因为扎克伯格比我小15岁，并且我们的大多数员工是他的同龄人，而不是我这个年龄的。

我喜欢和年轻人在一起，除非他们问我你在大学时没有手机用是怎样的日子?甚至更糟糕的问题是，谢丽尔，你能过来一下吗?我们想知道岁数大的人对这个新功能有什么看法?我1991年从哈佛大学本科毕业，获得经济学学士学位;1995年从哈佛商学院毕业，获得MBA学位所以可以说，我上了美国的清华大学。

其实这并不是那么久远的事情。

但是我能告诉你们的是，这个世界在这短短的25年当中发生了翻天覆地的变化。

在哈佛商学院时，我所在的班级曾尝试进行学院的第一次在线课程。

我们当时必须给每人发一张写有我们网名的列表，因为那时在网上使用真名是件让人难以想象的事。

但是最后还是没有搞成，因为电脑系统不断崩溃当时根本无法实现90人同时在线交流。

不过在系统崩溃之间的几个短暂瞬间里，我们窥见了未来一个技术可以实现我们和同事、家人、朋友连接在一起的未来。

现在的世界已经是我坐在你们这个位置时难以想象的世界了。

Facebook COO 雪莉·桑德伯格在加州大学伯克利分校2016毕业典礼上的演讲5月14日，Facebook 首席运营官、《向前一步》作者雪莉•桑德伯格（Sheryl Sandberg）在加州大学伯克利分校（UC Berkeley）2016毕业典礼上发表演讲。

在丈夫离世一年之际，她讲到了痛失爱人的痛苦以及应付挫折的韧性。

丈夫去世后，她在“向前一步”方面有些新思考，近来也引发不少讨论。

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 2016 Commencement Address Thank you, Marie. And thank you esteemed members of the faculty, proud parents, devoted friends, squirming siblings.Congratulations to all of you…and especially to the magnificent Berkeley graduating class of 2016!It is a privilege to be here at Berkeley, which has produced so many Nobel Prize winners, Turing Award winners, astronauts, members of Congress, Olympic gold medalists…. and that’s just the women!Berkeley has always been ahead of the times. In the 1960s, you led the Free Speech Movement. Back in those days, people used to say that with all the long hair, how do we even tell the boys from the girls? We now know the answer: manbuns.Early on, Berkeley opened its doors to the entire population. When this campus opened in 1873, the class included 167 men and 222 women. It took my alma mater another ninety years to award a single degree to asingle woman.One of the women who came here in search of opportunity was Rosalind Nuss. Roz grew up scrubbing floors in the Brooklyn boardinghouse where she lived. She was pulled out of high school by her parents to help support their family. One of her teachers insisted that her parents put her back into school—and in 1937, she sat where you are sitting today and received a Berkeley degree. Roz was my grandmother. She was a huge inspiration to me and I’m so grateful that Berkeley recognized her potential. I want to take a moment to offer a special congratulations to the many here today who are the first generation in their families to graduate from college. What a remarkable achievement.Today is a day of celebration. A day to celebrate all the hard work that got you to this moment.Today is a day of thanks. A day to thank those who helped you get here—nurtured you, taught you, cheered you on, and dried your tears.Or at least the ones who didn’t draw on you with a Sharpie when you fell asleep at a party.Today is a day of reflection. Because today marks the end of one era of your life and the beginning of something new.A commencement address is meant to be a dance between youth and wisdom. You have the youth. Someone comes in to be the voice of wisdom—that’s supposed to be me. I stand up here and tell you all thethings I have learned in life, you throw your cap in the air, you let your family take a million photos –don’t forget to post them on Instagram —and everyone goes home happy.Today will be a bit different. We will still do the caps and you still have to do the photos. But I am not here to tell you all the things I’ve learned in life. Today I will try to tell you what I learned in death.I have never spoken publicly about this before. It’s hard. But I will do my very best not to blow my nose on this beautiful Berkeley robe.One year and thirteen days ago, I lost my husband, Dave. His death was sudden and unexpected. We were at a friend’s fiftieth birthday party in Mexico. I took a nap. Dave went to work out. What followed was the unthinkable—walking into a gym to find him lying on the floor. Flying home to tell my children that their father was gone. Watching his casket being lowered into the ground.For many months afterward, and at many times since, I was swallowed up in the deep fog of grief—what I think of as the void—an emptiness that fills your heart, your lungs, constricts your ability to think or even to breathe.Dave’s death changed me in very profound ways. I learned about the depths of sadness and the brutality of loss. But I also learned that when life sucks you under, you can kick against the bottom, break the surface, and breathe again. I learned that in the face of the void—or in the faceof any challenge—you can choose joy and meaning.I’m sharing this with you in the hopes that today, as you take the next step in your life, you can learn the lessons that I only learned in death. Lessons about hope, strength, and the light within us that will not be extinguished.Everyone who has made it through Cal has already experienced some disappointment. You wanted an A but you got a B. OK, let’s be honest—you got an A- but you’re still mad. You applied for an internship at Facebook, but you only got one from Google. She was the love of your life…but then she swiped left.Game of Thrones the show has diverged way too much from the books—and you bothered to read all four thousand three hundred and fifty-two pages.You will almost certainly face more and deeper adversity. There’s loss of opportunity: the job that doesn’t work out, the illness or accident that changes everything in an instant. There’s loss of dignity: the sharp sting of prejudice when it happens. There’s loss of love: the broken relationships that can’t be fixed. And sometimes there’s loss of life itself. Some of you have already experienced the kind of tragedy and hardship that leave an indelible mark. Last year, Radhika, the winner of the University Medal, spoke so beautifully about the sudden loss of her mother.The question is not if some of these things will happen to you. They will. Today I want to talk about what happens next. About the things you can do to overcome adversity, no matter what form it takes or when it hits you. The easy days ahead of you will be easy. It is the hard days—the times that challenge you to your very core—that will determine who you are. You will be defined not just by what you achieve, but by how you survive.A few weeks after Dave died, I was talking to my friend Phil about a father-son activity that Dave was not here to do. We came up with a plan to fill in for Dave. I cried to him, “But I want Dave.”Phil put his arm around me and said, “Option A is not available. So let’s just kick the shit out of option B.”We all at some point live some form of option B. The question is: What do we do then?As a representative of Silicon Valley, I’m pleased to tell you there is data to learn from. After spending decades studying how people deal with setbacks, psychologist Martin Seligman found that there are three P’s—personalization, pervasiveness, and permanence—that are critical to how we bounce back from hardship. The seeds of resilience are planted in the way we process the negative events in our lives.The first P is personalization—the belief that we are at fault. This is different from taking responsibility, which you should always do. This isthe lesson that not everything that happens to us happens because of us. When Dave died, I had a very common reaction, which was to blame myself. He died in seconds from a cardiac arrhythmia. I poured over his medical records asking what I could have—or should have—done. It wasn’t until I learned about the three P’s that I accepted that I could not have prevented his death. His doctors had not identified his coronary artery disease. I was an economics major; how could I have?Studies show that getting past personalization can actually make you stronger. Teachers who knew they could do better after students failed adjusted their methods and saw future classes go on to excel. College swimmers who underperformed but believed they were capable of swimming faster did. Not taking failures personally allows us to recover—and even to thrive.The second P is pervasiveness—the belief that an event will affect all areas of your life. You know that song “Everything is awesome?”This is the flip: “Everything is awful.”There’s no place to run or hide from the all-consuming sadness.The child psychologists I spoke to encouraged me to get my kids back to their routine as soon as possible. So ten days after Dave died, they went back to school and I went back to work. I remember sitting in my first Facebook meeting in a deep, deep haze. All I could think was, “What is everyone talking about and how could this possibly matter?”But then Igot drawn into the discussion and for a second—a brief split second—I forgot about death.That brief second helped me see that there were other things in my life that were not awful. My children and I were healthy. My friends and family were so loving and they carried us—quite literally at times.The loss of a partner often has severe negative financial consequences, especially for women. So many single mothers—and fathers—struggle to make ends meet or have jobs that don’t allow them the time they need to care for their children. I had financial security, the ability to take the time off I needed, and a job that I did not just believe in, but where it’s actually OK to spend all day on Facebook. Gradually, my children started sleeping through the night, crying less, playing more.The third P is permanence—the belief that the sorrow will last forever. For months, no matter what I did, it felt like the crushing grief would always be there.We often project our current feelings out indefinitely—and experience what I think of as the second derivative of those feelings. We feel anxious—and then we feel anxious that we’re anxious. We feel sad—and then we feel sad that we’re sad. Instead, we should accept our feelings—but recognize that they will not last forever. My rabbi told me that time would heal but for now I should “lean in to the suck.”It was good advice, but not really what I meant by “lean in.”None of you need me to explain the fourth P…which is, of course, pizza from Cheese Board.But I wish I had known about the three P’s when I was your age. There were so many times these lessons would have helped.Day one of my first job out of college, my boss found out that I didn’t know how to enter data into Lotus 1-2-3. That’s a spreadsheet—ask your parents. His mouth dropped open and he said, ‘I can’t believe you got this job without knowing that”—and then walked out of the room. I went home convinced that I was going to be fired. I thought I was terrible at everything…but it turns out I was only terrible at spreadsheets. Understanding pervasiveness would have saved me a lot of anxiety that week.I wish I had known about permanence when I broke up with boyfriends. It would’ve been a comfort to know that feeling was not going to last forever, and if I was being honest with myself…neither were any of those relationships.And I wish I had understood personalization when boyfriends broke up with me. Sometimes it’s not you—it really is them. I mean, that dude never showered.And all three P’s ganged up on me in my twenties after my first marriage ended in divorce. I thought at the time that no matter what I accomplished, I was a massive failure.The three P’s are common emotional reactions to so many things that happen to us—in our careers, our personal lives, and our relationships. You’re probably feeling one of them right now about something in your life. But if you can recognize you are falling into these traps, you can catch yourself. Just as our bodies have a physiological immune system, our brains have a psychological immune system—and there are steps you can take to help kick it into gear.One day my friend Adam Grant, a psychologist, suggested that I think about how much worse things could be. This was completely counterintuitive; it seemed like the way to recover was to try to find positive thoughts. “Worse?”I said. “Are you kidding me? How could things be worse?”His answer cut straight through me: “Dave could have had that same cardiac arrhythmia while he was driving your children.”Wow. The moment he said it, I was overwhelmingly grateful that the rest of my family was alive and healthy. That gratitude overtook some of the grief.Finding gratitude and appreciation is key to resilience. People who take the time to list things they are grateful for are happier and healthier. It turns out that counting your blessings can actually increase your blessings. My New Year’s resolution this year is to write down three moments of joy before I go to bed each night. This simple practice has changed my life. Because no matter what happens each day, I go to sleepthinking of something cheerful. Try it. Start tonight when you have so many fun moments to list—although maybe do it before you hit Kip’s and can still remember what they are.Last month, eleven days before the anniversary of Dave’s death, I broke down crying to a friend of mine. We were sitting—of all places—on a bathroom floor. I said: “Eleven days. One year ago, he had eleven days left. And we had no idea.”We looked at each other through tears, and asked how we would live if we knew we had eleven days left.As you graduate, can you ask yourselves to live as if you had eleven days left? I don’t mean blow everything off and party all the time—although tonight is an exception. I mean live with the understanding of how precious every single day would be. How precious every day actually is.A few years ago, my mom had to have her hip replaced. When she was younger, she always walked without pain. But as her hip disintegrated, each step became painful. Now, even years after her operation, she is grateful for every step she takes without pain—something that never would have occurred to her before.As I stand here today, a year after the worst day of my life, two things are true. I have a huge reservoir of sadness that is with me always—right here where I can touch it. I never knew I could cry so often—or so much.But I am also aware that I am walking without pain. For the first time, I am grateful for each breath in and out—grateful for the gift of life itself.I used to celebrate my every five years and friends’birthdays sometimes. Now I celebrate always. I used to go to sleep worrying about all the things I messed up that day—and trust me that list was often quite long. Now I try really hard to focus on each day’s moments of joy.It is the greatest irony of my life that losing my husban d helped me find deeper gratitude—gratitude for the kindness of my friends, the love of my family, the laughter of my children. My hope for you is that you can find that gratitude—not just on the good days, like today, but on the hard ones, when you will really need it.There are so many moments of joy ahead of you. That trip you always wanted to take. A first kiss with someone youreally like. The day you get a job doing something you truly believe in. Beating Stanford. (Go Bears!) All of these things will happen to you. Enjoy each and every one.I hope that you live your life—each precious day of it—with joy and meaning. I hope that you walk without pain—and that you are grateful for each step.And when the challenges come, I hope you remember that anchored deep within you is the ability to learn and grow. You are not born with a fixed amount of resilience. Like a muscle, you can build it up, draw on it when you need it. In that process you will figure out who you really are—and you just might become the very best version of yourself.Class of 2016, as you leave Berkeley, build resilience.Build resilience in yourselves. When tragedy or disappointment strike, know that you have the ability to get through absolutely anything. I promise you do. As the saying goes, we are more vulnerable than we ever thought, but we are stronger than we ever imagined.Build resilient organizations. If anyone can do it, you can, because Berkeley is filled with people who want to make the world a better place. Never stop working to do so—whether it’s a boardroom that is not representative or a campus that’s not safe. Speak up, especially at institutions like this one, which you hold so dear. My favorite poster at work reads, “Nothing at Facebook is someone else’s problem.”When you see something that’s broken, go fix it.Build resilient communities. We find our humanity—our will to live and our ability to love—in our connections to one another. Be there for your family and friends. And I mean in person. Not just in a message with a heart emoji.Lift each other up, help each other kick the shit out of option B—and celebrate each and every moment of joy.You have the whole world in front of you. I can’t wait to see what you do with it.Congratulations, and Go Bears!桑德伯格在加州大学伯克利分校2016毕业典礼上的演讲谢谢玛丽。

桑德伯格向前一步读后感第一篇：桑德伯格向前一步读着桑德伯格的《向前一步》，再也不想放下它，直到用了一下午+晚上的时间读完。

不知为何，看到很多地方，我都有想哭的冲动，要知道，这绝对不是一本催泪的书，这本书教你自信自强，努力向前，实现平衡多赢的生活。

但是字里行间体现出的桑德伯格成长中的心理历程，引起了我太多的共鸣。

虽然她的社会地位和成就让我终生只能望其项背，但是作为女性，心路的成长又是何其的相似。

想起小时候得了奖不愿声张，成绩好也觉得实在没什么，作文被选成学校优秀作文，自己有的却不是高兴，而是觉得丢人和欺骗，觉得自己的文章根本没有好到那样的程度，好一段时间都有抬不起头的感觉。

种种这些，都是心灵深层次的自卑在作祟。

而这，正是自我贬低，缺乏自信的根源。

到了工作里，丧失了一些机会，因为对方不想要女生，怕照顾家庭耽误工作。

这些隐形的性别歧视是存在的，你很难改变。

接受不能改变的，改变不能接受的。

既然无法改变，抱怨只能徒增烦恼，不如整理好自己的心态，积极进取，去寻找下一个真正属于自己的机会。

或许甚至无需用“歧视”这个字眼来一味得增加这种认知的错误性，这只是一些人的认识而已，也有很多人不这么认为，意见和认识无所谓对和错，绝对的真理几乎并不存在。

只有你足够强大，才能影响到规则，像桑德伯格的成功和坚持一定影响了很多男性对女性的认知。

同时因为宝宝还小，放弃了些可能需要出差的好机会，这其实又是反方向的一种自我否定，内心觉得事业家庭无法兼顾，而且默认选择了家庭。

的确，社会对女性的期待困扰着我们，周围最亲近的人，也会跟你说，女生这么辛苦干什么呢？现在工作不累又能多陪孩子不是很好么？你想要的生活太理想化，务实一点？这些观点和声音牵掣着你，阻碍着你，也让你怀疑，迷茫和停滞。

不过如果你始终放不下自己内心的呼唤，不如继续向前吧，哪怕一步，即使失败也无悔，因为曾经的努力。

如果你不够坚强，就请先假装坚强吧；如果你不够自信，就先假装自信吧。

(1)Congratulations everyone, you made itAnd I don't mean to the end of college, I mean to class daybecause if memory servessome of your classmates had too many scorpion bowls at the Kong last nightand are with us todayGiven the weatherthe one thing Harvard hasn't figured out how to controlsome of your other classmates are at someplace warm with a hot cocoaso you have many reasons to feel proud of yourself as you sit here todayCongratulations to your parentsYou have spent a lot of moneyso your child can say she went to a "small school" near BostonAnd thank you to the class of 2014 for inviting me to be part of your celebrationIt means a great deal to meand looking at the list of past speakers was a little dauntingI can't be as funny as Amy Poehlerbut I'm gonna be funnier than Mother Teresa25 years agoa man named Dave I did not know at the time but who would one day become my husbandwas sitting where you are sitting today23 years agoI was sitting where you are sitting todayDave and I are back this weekendwith our amazing son and daughter to celebrate his reunionand we both share the same sentimentHarvard has a good basketball teamStanding here in the yard brings memories flooding back for meI arrived here from Miami in the fall of 1987with big hopes and even bigger hairI was assigned to live in one of Harvard's historic monuments to great architectureCanadayMy go-to outfit, and I'm not making this up, was a jean skirtwhite leg warmers and sneakers and a Florida sweaterbecause my parents who were here with me then as they're here with me nowtold me everyone would think it was awesome that I was from FloridaAt least we didn't have InstagramFor me, Harvard was a series of firstsMy first winter coat, we needn't need those in MiamiMy first 10 page paper, they didn't assign those in my high schoolMy first Cafter which my proctor told me that she was on the Admissions Committee and I got admitted to Harvard for my personalitynot my academic potentialThe first person I ever met from boarding schoolI thought that was our really troubled kidsThe first person I ever met who shares the name with a whole buildingor so I met when the first classmate I met was Sarah Wigglesworthwho bore no relation at all to the dormwhich would have been nice to know with that very intimidating moment But then I went on to meet othersFrancis Strauss, James WellsJessica Science Center BMy first love, my first heartbreakthe first time I realized that I love to learnand the first and very last time I saw anyone read anything in LatinWhen I sat in your seat all those years agoI knew exactly where I was headed. I had it all planned outI was going to the World Bank to work on global povertyThen I would go to law schoolAnd I would spend my life working in a nonprofit or in a governmentAt Harvard's commencement tomorrow as your dean describedeach school is gonna stand up and graduate togetherthe college, the law school, the med school and so onAt my graduation, my class cheered for the PhD studentsand then booed the business schoolBusiness school seemed like such a sellout18 months later, I applied to business schoolIt wasn't that I was wrong about what I would do decades after graduating I had it wrong a year and a half laterAnd even if I could have predicted I would one day work in the private sector I never could have predicted Facebookbecause there was no internetand Mark Zuckerberg was at elementary schoolalready wearing his hoodyNot locking into a path too earlygave me an opportunity to go into a new and life changing fieldAnd for those of you who think I owe everything to good luckafter Canaday I got QuadedWhat's that? Barron(2)There is no straight path from your seat today to where you are goingDon't try to draw that line. You will not just get it wrongYou'll miss big opportunities and I mean big, like the InternetCareers are not ladders. Those days are long gonebut jungle gymsDon't just move up and down. Don't just look upLook backwards, sideways, around cornersYour career and your life will have starts and stops and zigs and zags Don't stress out about the white space, the path you can trybecause there in lives both the surprises and the opportunitiesAs you open yourself up to possibilitythe most important thing I can tell you todayis to open yourself up to honestyto telling the truth to each otherto being honest with yourselvesand to being honest about the world we live inIf you watched children, you will immediately notice how honest they are My friend Betsy was pregnant and her sonfor the second child, son Sam was 5he wanted to know where the baby was in her bodySo yes Mommy, are the babies arms in your arms?And she said, no no Sam, baby's in my tummywhole babyMom, are the baby's legs in your legs?No, Sam, whole baby's in my tummyThen Mommy, what's growing in your butt?As adultswe are almost never dishonestand that can be a very good thingWhen I was pregnant with our first childI asked my husband Dave if my butt was getting bigAt first, he didn't answer but I pressedSo he said, yeah, a littleFor years my sister-in-law said about him what peoplewill now say about you for the rest of your life when you do something doneand that guy went to HarvardHearing the truth at different times along the way would have helped meI would not have admitted it easily when I sat where you sitBut when I graduated, I was much more worried about my love life than my careerI thought I only had a few years very limited time to find one of the good guys before he was to, or before they were all takenor I got too oldSo I moved to DC, and met with guyand I got married at the nearly decrepit age of 24I married a wonderful man but I had no business making that kind of commitmentI didn't know who I was or who I wanted to beMy marriage fell apart within a yearsomething that was really embarrassing and painful at the timeand it did not help that so many friends came up to me and saidI never knew that, never thought that was going to work orI knew you weren't right for each otherNo one had managed to say anything like that to mebefore I marched down an aisle when it would have been far more usefulAnd as I lived through these painful months of separation and divorceboy, did I wish they had?And boy, did I wish I had asked them?At the same time in my professional life, someone did speak upMy first boss out of college was Lant Pritchettan economist who teaches at the Kennedy School who is here with us todayAfter I deferred to law school for the second timeLant sat me down and saidI don't think you should go to law school at allI don't think you want to go to law schoolI think you think you should because you told your parents you would many years ago He noted that he had never once heard me talk about the law with any interestI know how hard it can be to be honest with each othereven your closest friends, even when they're about to make serious mistakes but I bet sitting here today, you know your closest friends' strength, weaknesses what cliff they might drive offand I bet for the most part you've never told themand they've never askedAsk themAsk them for the truth because it will help youand when they answer honestlyyou know that that's what makes them real friendsAsking for feedback is a really important habit to get intoas you leave the structure of the school calendar and exams and grades behind On many jobs if you want to know how you're doingif you're going to have to ask andthen you're gonna have to listen without getting defensiveTake it from me, listening to criticism is never fun(3)but it's the only way we can improveA few years ago, Mark Zuckerberg decided he wanted to learn Chineseand in order to practicehe started trying to have work meetings with some ofour Facebook colleagues who are native speakersNow you would think his very limited language skillswould keep these conversations from being usefulOne day he asked a woman who was therehow it was going, how did you choose the FacebookShe answered with a long and pretty complicated sentenceSo he said, simpler pleaseShe spoke againSimpler pleaseThis went back and forth a couple of timesSo she is blurted out in frustration, my manager is badThat he understoodSo often the truth is sacrificed to conflict avoidanceor by the time we speak the truth, we've used so many caveatsand preambles that the message totally gets lostSo I ask you to ask each other for the truth and other peoplecan you list it in simple and clear language?And when you speak your truthcan you use simple and clear language?As hard as it is to be honest with other peopleit can be even more difficult to be honest with ourselvesFor years after I had childrenI would say pretty often I don't feel guilty working even when no one asked Someone might say, Sheryl, how's your day today?And I would say, great I don't feel guilty workingOr do I need a sweater?Yes, it's unpredictably freezing and I don't feel guilty workingI was kinda like a parrot with issuesThen one day on the treadmill, I was reading this article on Sociology Journal about how people don't start out lying to other peoplethey start out lying to themselvesand the things we repeat most frequentlyare often those liesSo the sweat was pouring down my faceI started wondering what do I repeat pretty frequentlyand I realized I feel guilty workingI then did a lot of researchand I spent an entire year with my dear friend Nell Scovellwriting a book talking about how I was thinking and feelingand I'm so grateful that so many women around the world connected to it My book of course was called Fifty Shades of GreyI can see a lot of you connected to it as wellWe have even more work to do in being honest about the world we live in We don't always see the hard truthsand once we see them, we don't always have the courage to speak out When my classmates and I were in collegewe thought that fight for gender equality was one that was overSure, most of the leaders in every industry were menbut we thought changing that was just a matter of timeLamont Library right over thereone generation before us didn't let women through its doorsBut by the time we sat in your seat, everything was equalHarvard and Radcliffe was fully integratedWe didn't need feminism because we were already equalsWe were wrongI was wrongThe world was not equal thenand it is not equal nowI think nowadayswe don't just hide ourselves from the hard truthand shut our eyes to the inequitiesbut we suffer from the tyranny of low expectationsIn the last election cycle in the United Stateswomen won 20% of the Senate seatsand all the headlines started screaming outwomen take over the SenateI felt like screaming back, wait a minute everyone50% of the population getting 20% of the seatsThat's not a takeover. That's an embarrassmentJust a few months ago this yeara very well respected and well-known business executives in Silicon Valley invited me to give a speech to his club on social mediaI've been to this club a few months before when Ihave been invited for a friend's birthdayIt was a beautiful building and I was wandering aroundlooking at it, looking for the women's room(4)when a staff member informed me very firmlythat the ladies' room was over thereand I should be sure not to go up stairsbecause women are never allowed in this buildingI didn't realize I was in an all-male club until that minuteI spent the rest of the night wondering what I was doing therewondering what everyone else was doing therewondering if any of my friends in San Francisco would invite me toa party at a club that didn't allow Blacks or Jews or Asians or gaysBeing invited to give a business speech at this clubhit me even more egregiousbecause you couldn't claim that it was only social business that was done there My first thought was, "Really?"ReallyA year after "Lean In"this dude thought it was a good ideato invite me to give a speech to his literal all-boys clubAnd he wasn't alonethere is an entire committee of well respected businessmanwho joined him in issuing this kind invitationTo paraphrase Groucho Marxand don't worry, I won't try to do the voiceI don't want to speak in any club that won't have me as a memberSo I said noand I did it in a way I probably wouldn't have even 5 years beforeI wrote a long and passionate emailarguing that they should change their policiesThey thanked me for my prompt response and wrote thatperhaps things will eventually changeOur expectations are too lowEventually needs to become immediatelyWe need to see the truth and speak the truthWe tolerate discrimination and we pretend that opportunity is equalYes we elected an African-American presidentbut racism is pervasive stillYes, there are women who run Fortune 500 companies5 percent to be precisebut our road there is still paved with words like pussy and bossywhile our male peers are leaders and results focusedAfrican-American women have to prove that they're not angryLatinos risk being branded fiery hot headA group of Asian-American women and men in Facebookwore pins one day that said I may or may not be good enoughYes, Harvard has a woman presidentand in two years, the United States may have a woman president(5)But in order to get thereHillary Clinton is gonna have to overcome 2 very real obstaclesunknown and often ununderstood gender biasand even worse, a degree from YaleYou can challenge stereotypes that's subtle and obviousAt Facebook, we have posters around the wall to inspire usDone is better than perfectFortune favors the bold. What would you do if you weren't afraid?My new favoritenothing at Facebook is someone else's problemI hope you feel that way about the problems you see in the worldbecause they are not someone else's problemGender inequality harms men along with womenRacism hurts Whites along with MinoritiesAnd the lack of equal opportunity keeps all of usfrom failing our true potentialSo as you graduate todayI want to put some pressure on youI want to put some pressure on you to acknowledge the hard truthsnot shy away from themand when you see them to address themThe first time I spoke out about what it was like to be a woman in the workforce was less than five years agoThat means that for 18 years from where you sit to where I standmy silence implied that everything was okayYou can do better than I didAnd I mean that so sincerelyAt the same timeI want to take some pressure off youSitting here today you don't have toknow what career you want or how to get the career you might wantLeaning in does not mean your path will be straight or smoothand most people who make great contribution start way later than Mark Zuckerberg Find a jungle gym you want to play and start climbingnot only will you figure out what you want to do eventuallybut once you do, you'll crush itLooking at you all here todayI'm filled with hopeAll of you who were admitted to a "small school" near Bostoneither for your academic potential or your personality or bothyou've had your first, whether it's a winter coat, a love or a Cyou've learned more about who you are and who you want to beAnd most importantlyyou've experienced the power of communityyou know that while you are extraordinary on your own we are all stronger and can be louder togetherI know that you will never forget Harvardand Harvard will never forget youespecially during the next fundraising drive Tomorrowyou all become part of a lifelong communitywhich offers truly great opportunityand therefore comes with real obligationYou can make the world fair for everyoneexpect honesty from yourself and each other demand and create truly equal opportunitynot eventually, but nowAnd tomorrow by the wayyou get something Mark Zuckerberg does not havea Harvard degreeCongratulations, everyone。

桑德伯格2016年哈佛大学毕业演讲：认识自己才是人生最重要的归途！（附视频演讲稿）英语演讲君有话说雪莉·桑德伯格，她曾任克林顿政府财政部长办公厅主任、谷歌全球在线销售和运营部门副总裁。

现任Facebook首席运营官，被媒体称为'Facebook的第一夫人'，她也是第一位进入Facebook董事会的女性成员。

同时，她还是福布斯上榜的前50名'最有力量' 的商业女精英之一。

2013年，她宣布自己是女权主义者，登上《时代周刊》杂志封面，并被《时代》杂志评为全球最具影响力的人物。

今天英语演讲君为大家带来的是她在哈佛大学2014年毕业典礼上的演讲。

现在就让我们把自己当成一位听众，体验一下传说中的哈佛毕业典礼演讲，一起了解这位优秀的女性。

英语演讲中英文对照版Congratulations everyone, you madeit.祝贺大家，你们做到了。

And I don’t mean to the end ofcollege, I mean to class day, because ifmemory serves,some of your classmateshad too many scorpion bowls at theHong Kong last night and are with ustoday.我指的不是大学毕业，而是成功出席今天的毕业典礼。

如果我没记错，某些同学虽然昨晚在香港餐厅喝了太多scorpion bowls（一种鸡尾酒），但今天还是来了。

Congratulations to your parents.You have spent a lot of money, so your child can say she went to a “small school” near Boston. And thank you to the class of 2014 for inviting me to the part of your celebration. It means a great to me. And looking at the list of past speakers was a little d aunting.I can’t be as funny as Amy Poehler, but I’m gonna be funnier than Mother Teresa.祝贺你们的家长，你们花了很多钱，让子女能够说自己是从波士顿附近的这所“小学校“毕业的。

最精彩的三场哈佛大学毕业演讲五六月的毕业季，让毕业演讲又火了一次。

看了那么多的名人毕业演讲，发觉他们每个人都活成了一本书。

奥巴马、马特·达蒙、J.K. 罗琳、娜塔莉·波特曼、斯皮尔伯格、乔布斯、比尔·盖茨、马克·扎克伯格这些响当当的名字你一定不陌生，小U精挑细选为大家整理了3场最精彩的哈佛大学毕业演讲。

1马克·扎克伯格Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格可以说是哈佛最成功的辍学生之一。

小扎从哈佛辍学后，专心开发Facebook。

现在，哈佛授予了本科没毕业的他荣誉博士学位，并邀请他给2017届毕业生做演讲。

小扎很激动，开启了自家网站刷屏、刷照、秀恩爱模式。

在细雨蒙蒙的哈佛广场上，“辍学生”扎克伯格终于被授予了学位证书，像他多年前预测的那样。

Mom, I always told you I'd come backand get my degree.妈，我一直和你说，我会回来拿到学位的。

完事儿还不忘@老婆，小U哭晕在厕所……终于穿上战袍了！拿到学位后看（傻）向（傻）父（一）母（笑）。

终于拿到学位啦！老妈和老婆都以我为荣！下雨了还这么多人，哥就是这么有人气！全家秀马克·扎克伯格在哈佛大学2017年366届毕业典礼上发表演讲。

演讲中谈到创业建议、对自己恋情回顾、建立平等平权的新型社会以及创造一个人人都有目标的世界的三种方式等话题。

他演讲的主题是Purpose。

Purpose is that sense that we are partof something bigger than ourselves, thatwe are needed, that we have somethingbetter ahead to work for. Purpose is whatcreates true happiness.目标让我们感觉自己存在大于自身的一部分，感觉自己是被需要的，感觉前方有更好的东西等着我们去为之奋斗。

哈佛商学院女毕业生有多少退出了职场？（英文）
Lauren Everitt;陆照鸿
【期刊名称】《大学英语》
【年(卷),期】2013(000)009
【摘要】对哈佛商学院女毕业生的一项最新研究显示, 她们之中不少为照看孩子而放弃了全职工作。

When Sheryl Sandberg returned to Harvard Business School （HBS） for a talk in 2011, her pointed 2 answer to a question from an audience of MBAs drew stunned silence 3 .＂If current trends continue,＂Sandberg said, ＂15 years from today,
【总页数】3页(P37-39)
【作者】Lauren Everitt;陆照鸿
【作者单位】不详
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G649.712
【相关文献】
1.如何走好职业之路——谢丽尔·桑德伯格2012年哈佛商学院毕业演讲 [J], Sheryl Sandberg;刘戈
2.论女性职场小说促成女毕业生就业创业的功效 [J], 赵云洁;
3.论女性职场小说促成女毕业生就业创业的功效 [J], 赵云洁
4.职场“黄金前三年”的压力管理——大学毕业生如何应对职场中的前三年 [J],
邵朱梅
5.今年毕业季,应届毕业生有了更多选择 [J], 远见
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

桑德伯格清华毕业演讲：命运偏爱勇者主讲人：谢丽尔·桑德伯格（Facebook公司首席运营官）时间：2015年6月27日主办：清华大学经济管理学院【编者按】6月27日，清华大学经济管理学院2015毕业典礼在清华大学综合体育馆举行。

Facebook公司首席运营官谢丽尔•桑德伯格（Sheryl Sandberg）作毕业典礼演讲。

桑德伯格是清华经管学院毕业典礼历年来第一位女性演讲嘉宾。

在她的演讲中，桑德伯格回顾了她从踏入职场至今的心得体会，并用自身经历介绍了过去25年中互联网带给整个世界的巨大变化。

桑德伯格鼓励毕业生说，“从现在起的未来25年，你们将帮助塑造属于你们这一代人的世界”，“作为清华的毕业生，你们不仅将成为中国的领袖，还将成为全球的领袖。

”以下是桑德伯格视频及演讲全文：I am honored to be here today to address Dean Yingyi Qian, Tsinghua School of Economics and Management's distinguished faculty, proud family members, supportive friends, and most importantly, the class of 2015. Unlike my boss, Mark Zuckerberg, I do not speak Chinese. For that I apologize. But he did ask me to pass along this message -- zhuhe. I am thrilled to be here to congratulate this magnificent class on your graduation.钱颖一院长、杰出的清华经管学院的教师们、自豪的毕业生亲属、鼎力支持他们的朋友们、以及更重要的，清华经管学院2015届的毕业生们：我很荣幸今天来到这里为你们做毕业典礼演讲。

我从Facebook首席运营官身上学到的5件事乔布斯，是用来膜拜的。

而桑德伯格，则是给我们指路的。

如今，于我们有益的榜样，早已不是站在神坛上高不可攀的天才，而是跟我们一样有血有肉、有困惑、有思考，并且输出参考方法的人物。

最早了解到桑德伯格，源于微博上某姑娘推荐她的《向前一步》，她就像朋友一样，温和地讲述着她过往的迷茫、思考的过程，还有得出的观点。

（PS：想了解桑德伯格的大概，可以戳这里《她是Facebook的二当家，曾被预言为美国第一位女财政部长，就连小扎上班都要向她报个到》）书籍《向前一步》一开始，因为这个书名散发出非常浓烈的励志味道，多少有些犹豫，在向下翻看评论时，发现推荐人里除了众多爱推书的大佬之外，竟然还有最爱的女导演王潮歌，于是豪不犹豫的下了单。

她的品味，是品质的保证。

桑德伯格一直致力于男女平等，所以在书中，这个主题贯穿始终。

因此，有可能本书会更受女性和非男权男性的欢迎，同时，也免不了会有一些根深蒂固的男权主义者对她的观点嗤之以鼻。

但是无论男女，那些生活态度和工作方式，在我看来，是放之四海而皆准的。

桑德伯格有着良好的家庭出身、过人的天资与良好的教育，这些先天优势，也许是大部分普通人难以望其项背的，可是她在书中提出的那些非常现实、常见的工作和生活方式，完全可以借为己用。

1、往桌前坐这么简朴的一句话，执行起来可并不轻松。

回想一下，每次班级上课或者部门开会，最吃香的位置是哪里？是隐蔽、更偏远的座位，还是老师或者领导的眼前。

以我的观察来看，在非付费的集会中，能偷懒的位置最吃香。

就像书中说的，“她们自己选择成为旁观者”。

为什么呢？因为旁观者最轻松，不用担心与领导对视，不用担心被老师提问。

这种偷懒的经历积累多了，不出意外的话，最后一定是“出落”成一个平庸之辈。

选择隐秘位置的人中，除了确实想偷懒的，还有另外一类，他们有想往前坐的意愿，最终却并没有往前坐的行动，这是为什么呢？因为他们（包括曾经的我）患了“冒充者综合征”——有能力、意愿的人，因自我怀疑而苦恼，简言之就是不自信。

Facebook美女COO桑德伯格访谈录Facebook's COO, Sheryl Sandberg, works closely with wunderkind CEO Mark Zuckerberg. She joined Facebook after her tenure as a VP at Google and also served at the Treasury Department under President Bill Clinton.Sandberg spoke to ForbesWoman Publisher Moira Forbes about keeping up with the tech world's furious pace of change while still making time to meet with every employee at Facebook. 曾在比尔·克林顿政府的财政部供职，继而担任Google副总裁，目前担任Facebook的首席运营官……谢丽尔·桑德伯格(Sheryl Sandberg)与CEO马克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)一直密切合作，她告诉《福布斯》自己如何跟上科技世界的紧张步伐，又能保证有时间与Facebook每位员工都有交流的机会。

Moira Forbes: When you joined Facebook, you decided to meet and speak with every single employee at the company. Why did you do this, and what did you learn? 加入Facebook时，你决定与每位员工当面交流。

你在这期间学到了什么？Sandberg: I recognized the company had gotten to where it was based on those peoples' work. If you come into an organization and you're new, starting from a place where you really have great respect, showing that you respect the work of the people that came before you is the most important thing to do. 我意识到公司的走向取决于这些人的工作。

马克·扎克伯格哈佛毕业演讲：怎样创造一个人人皆有使命感的世界2017年5月25日，Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格（Mark Zuckerberg）在三百年剧院举行的哈佛大学第366届毕业典礼上发表了以下这篇演讲。

虽然迟来几日，但造就出品必属精品。

福斯特（Faust）校长、校监委员会成员、老师、校友、朋友、自豪的父母、校管理委员会成员，以及从全世界最伟大的大学毕业的学子们！我很荣幸今天能够跟你们在一起，因为说实话，你们完成了我从未做到过的事……等我完成这场演讲，这将是我第一次在哈佛大学做完一件事。

2017届的毕业生们，祝贺你们！我本来不大可能站在这里发表演讲，不仅仅因为我是辍学生，还因为从技术上讲，我们属于同一代人。

我们走过这片庭院相隔还不到10年时间，我们学习的是相同的理念，并曾在相同的经济学入门课程“Ec10”中打过瞌睡。

我们走到这里的道路可能有所不同，尤其是那些来自Quad校区（译注：Quad距离哈佛主校区较远）的同学，但今天我想跟大家分享我学到的东西，是关于我们这一代人以及我们正在共同创造的这个世界。

不过，首先，我在过去几天想起了很多美好的回忆。

你们当中还有多少人清楚地记得在收到哈佛大学的录取通知时自己在做什么？我当时正在玩游戏《文明》（Civilization），于是冲到楼下找到我爸。

出于某种原因，他的反应是把我打开电邮那一刻录下来。

那段视频本来也有可能会非常伤感，我发誓，被哈佛录取仍然是爹妈最为我感到骄傲的事情。

你们在哈佛上的第一堂课是什么？我的是“计算机科学121”，哈利·刘易斯（Harry Lewis）真是超级棒。

我当时要迟到了，于是胡乱穿了一件T恤，直到后来才发现内外前后都反了，衣服后面的商标露在胸前。

我想不明白为什么没有人理我，除了金康新（KX Jin），他没有在意我的衣服。

之后，我们开始一起做作业。

现在，他在Facebook 负责很大的一块业务。

桑德伯格演讲：平静的大海无法造就优秀的水手（演讲原文）Facebook 首席运营官雪莉·桑德伯格（Sheryl Sandberg）于当地时间6月8日星期五，在麻省理工学院2018年毕业典礼上发表演讲，强调了利用技术造福人类的重要性。

在加入Facebook 之前，桑德伯格曾担任Google 全球在线销售和运营副总裁，美国前总统比尔·克林顿下属的美国财政部长，麦肯锡咨询公司的管理顾问，以及世界银行的经济学家。

演讲全文Esteemed faculty, proud parents, devoted friends, squirming siblings but especially Class of 2018: Congratulations, you made it!It wasn't always easy. You plowed through four years of problem sets. You conquered the snow of 2015. You survived way too many Weekly Wednesdays at the Muddy Charles and learned this important life lesson: There's no such thing as a free chicken wing.Today, you are graduates of the most revered technical institution in the world. The Harvard people tried to get me to say 'most revered institution within a 2-mile radius.' I said no, but you'll soon find out how persistent alumni associations can be. Just ask the class of '68: They've been to more fundraisers than you've eaten chicken wings.One thing I remember from graduation is that feeling of turning one corner and not being able to see clearly around the next.For someone like me who, yes, very annoyingly started studying for finals the first day of the semester, that was unsettling. Graduation was the first time in my life that the next steps were not clearly laid out. I remember the feeling ofexcitement and possibility, mixed in with just a teeny bit of crushing uncertainty.If you know exactly what you're going to do for your career, raise your hand. There are always some. That is impressive.I did not. I didn't know where I would fit in best or contribute most. These days, when I need advice, I turn to Mark Zuckerberg, but back then, he was in elementary school.I was sure of only one thing: I didn't want to go into business, and it never even occurred to me to go into technology.I guess that's a warning for those of you who put your hands up: Certainty is one of the great privileges of youth. Things won't always end up as you think, but you will gain valuable lessons along life's uncertain path.The lesson I want to share with you today is one I learned in my very first job out of college: working on a leprosy treatment program in India. Since biblical times, leprosy patients were ostracized from communities to prevent the disease from spreading.By the time I graduated from college, the technical challenges had been solved. Doctors could easily diagnose leprosy that showed up in skin patches on your chest and medicine could easily treat the disease. But the stigma remained, so patients hid their disease instead of seeking care.I will never forget meeting patients for the first time, extending my arm and watching them recoil because they were not used to even being touched.The real breakthrough didn't come from technicians or doctors but from local community leaders. They knew that they had to erase the stigma before they could erase the disease, so they wrote plays and songs in local languages and went aroundthe local community, encouraging people to come forward without fear.They understood that the most difficult problems and the greatest opportunities we have are not technical. They are human.In other words, it's not just about technology. It's about people.This is a lesson you've learned here at MIT, and not just those of you graduating with technical degrees, but those who studied management or urban planning, or Course 11 or Course 15, in MIT speak. You know it's people who build technology, and people who use it to make their lives better, to get educated, to get health care, to share an infinite number of cat videos that are all unique and totally adorable — unless you're a dog person.Today, anyone with an internet connection can inspire millions with a single sentence or a single image. This gives extraordinary power to those who use it to do good — to march for equality; to reignite the movement against sexual harassment; to rally around the things they care about and the people they want to be there for be there for.But it also empowers those who seek to do harm.When everyone has a voice, some raise them in hatred. When everyone can share, some share lies. When everyone can organize, some organize against the things we value the most.Journalist Anne O'Hare McCormick wrote about the impact of new technology. She said we had created the ultimate democracy, where anything said by anyone could be heard by everyone, but she worried about whether it provoked partisanship or tolerance, whether it was time wasted or time well spent. She wondered if it explained 'all the furious fence-building, the fanned-up nationalisms, and the angers and neuroses of ourShe wrote this in 1932, about the radio — and by the way, she was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for journalism.The fact that the challenges we face today are not new does not make them less pressing. Like the generations before us, we have to solve the problems that our technology brings.I believe there are three ways we can deal with these challenges: We can retreat in fear,we can barrel ahead with a single-minded belief in our technology or we can fight like hell to do all the good we can do with the understanding that what we build will be used by people and people are capable of great beauty and great cruelty.I encourage you to choose the third option: To be clear-eyed optimists; to see that building technology that supports equality, democracy, truth and kindness means looking around corners -- and throwing up every possible roadblock against hate, violence and deception.You might be thinking, given some of the issues Facebook has had, isn't what I'm saying hitting pretty close to home?Yes. It is.I am proud of what Facebook has done around the world —proud of the connections people have created. Proud of how people use Facebook to organize for democracy, the Women's March, Black Lives Matter. Proud of how people use Facebook to start and grow businesses and create jobs all around the world.But at Facebook, we didn't see all the risks coming, and we didn't do enough to stop them.It's painful when you miss something, when you make the mistake of believing so much in the good you are seeing that you don't see the bad. It's hard when you know that you let peopleIn the middle of one of my toughest moments, Michael Miller, former Superintendent of the Naval Academy, kindly reached out to remind me that smooth seas never make good sailors.He's right. The times in my life that I have learned the most have definitely been the hardest. That is when you will learn the most about yourself. You can almost feel yourself growing; you can feel the growing pains. When you own your mistakes, you can work harder to correct them and even harder to prevent the next ones.That's my job now. It won't be easy and it's not going to be fast. But we will see it through.Yet the larger challenge is one all of us here must face. The role of technology in our lives is growing and that means our relationship with technology is changing.We have to change too. We have to recognize the full weight of our responsibilities. It's not enough to be technologists, we have to make sure that technology serves people. It's not enough or even possible to be neutral. Tools are shaped by the minds that make them as well as the hands that use them.It's not enough to have a good idea, we have to know when to stop a bad one. This is hard because technology changes faster than society. When I was in college, no one had a cell phone. Today there are more cell phones than people on earth.We are in one of the most remarkable moments in human history and you will not just live through it, you will shape it.Many of you will work on technologies that will change the world. You will connect the rest of the world, create new jobs and disrupt old ones, give machines new powers to think and give us the means to communicate in ways we haven't even thought of.We are not passive observers of these changes. We can't be. Trends do not just happen, they are the result of choices people make.We are not indifferent creators, we have a duty of care and when even with the best of intentions you go astray, as many of us have, you have the responsibility to course correct.We are accountable to the people who use what we build, to our colleagues, to ourselves and to our values.So if you are thinking about joining a team, an NGO, a startup or a company, ask if they are doing good for the world.Research at that other school down the river shows that we become more creative when we ask 'Could we?' And we become more ethical when we ask 'Should we?'So ask both.Know that you have an obligation to never shy away from doing the right thing, because the fight to ensure tech is used for good is never over; to make sure that technology reflects and upholds the right values, we have to build with awareness, and the best way to be more aware is to have more people in the room with different voices and different views.There are still skeptics out there when it comes to the value of diversity. They dismiss it as something we do to feel better, not to be better.They are wrong. We cannot build technology for equality and democracy unless we have and we harness diversity in its creation.More people with more diverse backgrounds are working in technology than ever before and are graduating in your class today than ever before.But our industry is still lagging at MIT. Even the newest technology can contain the oldest prejudices and our lack ofdiversity is at the root of some of the things we fail to see and prevent.It is up to all of us to fix that, people like me, and people like you; everyone graduating today and all the graduates to come.So continue the example you have lived at MIT. Continue to engage with people outside your discipline, your gender, your race. Talk with people who grew up in different places, who believe different things, who live and worship differently than you do. Talk with them, listen to them, get their perspectives as you have done here and encourage them to work in and with technology too.To all the current and future educators here today, let's reform our educational system so we give everyone the opportunity to learn to code. This is a basic language now that needs to be taught in all of our schools so that more people have a choice. When some kids learn it and some don't, that creates an unequal playing field long before people go into the workforce.And to all the future leaders in tech, that's you. Know that you have a chance to right wrongs, not reinforce them.Tech institutions can be some of the strongest voices for progress in the workplace, but we can always do better. Encourage your employers and policymakers to ensure that everyone, including contractors, earns a living wage. Fight for paid family leave with equal time for all genders because equality in the workplace will not happen until we have equality in the home and because no one should be forced to choose between the job they need and the family they love. Give people bereavement leave because when tragedy strikes, we need to be there for each other.And build workplaces where everyone, everyone, is treated with respect.We need to stop harassment and hold both perpetrators and enablers accountable and we need to make a personal commitment to stop racism and sexism, including the expressions of bias that become commonplace and accepted instead of rejected and fought.I want you to know that you can impact the workplace from the very day you enter it.A few months ago, surveyed people to understand how the #MeT oo movement was influencing work. After so many brave women spoke out, we found evidence of an unintended backlash: Almost half of male managers in the U.S. are now uncomfortable having a work meeting alone with a woman and even more uncomfortable having a work dinner alone with a female colleague.These are the informal moments where men have long gotten more mentoring than women -- and now it looks like it could get worse. For the men here: Someone may pull you aside in your first week at work and say, 'never being alone with a woman.'You know they're wrong. You know how to work with all people. So give them advice instead.Tell them they have the responsibility to make access equal for women and that if they don't feel comfortable having dinner with women, they shouldn't have dinner with men. Group lunches for everyone.In one of my early jobs, I had a boss who treated me quite differently from the two men on my team and not in a good way. He spoke to them with kindness and respect but belittled mepublicly. I tried to talk to him, but that made it worse. My two male teammates right out of school themselves stepped up and it stopped.Even if you're the most junior person in the room, you have power. Use it, and use it well.Class of 2018, it's not the technology you build that will define you. It's the teams you build and what people do with your technology. We have to get this right because we need technology to solve our greatest challenges.When I sat where you are sitting today, I never thought I would work in technology, but somewhere along that uncertain path, I learned new lessons and became a technologist. And technologists have always been optimists.We're optimists because we have to be. If you want to do something that has never been done before, so many people will tell you it cannot be done.Graduates of this amazing university have helped sequence the human genome, paved the way for the treatment of AIDS and made an MIT balloon appear in the middle of the Harvard-Yale football game.We're optimists because we run the numbers.Our world can feel polarized and dangerous, but in many critical ways, we are so much better off. A century ago, global life expectancy was 35 for 2 billion people.Today it is 70, for 7 billion.When I graduated, 1 in 3 people lived in extreme poverty. Today it is 1 in 10. It is still way too high but we have made more progress in our lifetimes than in all of human history.Our challenge now is to be clear-eyed optimists, or to paraphrase President Kennedy, optimists without illusions: Tobuild technology that improves lives and gives voice to those who often have none while preventing misuse, to build teams that better reflect the world around us with all its complexity and diversity.If we succeed —and we'll succeed —we will build technology that better serves not just some of us, but all of us.MIT graduate and former faculty member David Baltimore won a Nobel Prize for his work on the interaction between viruses and the genetic material of the cell. But before that, he helped bring biologists, lawyers and physicians together to debate new gene editing technology. They were worried that it had the potential to cause more harm than good, but they concluded that the opportunities for progress were too great, so they created voluntary ethical guidelines and continued the research.That decision led to some of the greatest advances in genetic science and medicine.It also set a standard that we as technologists can follow: Seek advice from people with different perspectives, look deeply at the risks as well as the benefits of new technology and if those risks can be managed, keep going even in the face of uncertainty.Class of 2018, you are now graduates of one of the most forward-thinking places on earth.You will have tremendous opportunities and you will be highly sought after. You will use what you learned here to work on some of the most critical questions we face.I hope you will use your influence to make sure technology is a force for good in the world. Technology needs a human heartbeat; the things that bring us joy and the things that bring us together are the things that matter most.The future is in your hands. Congratulations!。

19位“大牛”的25岁：成功人士们当时都在干什么(组图)科技博客BusinessInsider近日就19位声名远扬的成功人士25岁时在做什么进行了盘点。

有的人年纪轻轻便知道自己想要做什么，然后为之而不懈努力。

有的人得经过不断彻底改造自己，不停更换转行转业，才找到适合自己的工作。

成功之路并不总是一帆风顺，对于如今功成名就的人而言也是如此。

01. 家政女王斯图尔特在做股票经纪人在其名字在全美家喻户晓之前，玛莎·斯图尔特（MarthaStewart）在华尔街做了五年的股票经纪人。

在此之前，她还做过模特，客户包括联合利华、香奈儿等知名品牌。

“当时华尔街很少女性职员……”斯图尔特接受PBS纪录片系列《MAKERS》的采访时说，“我从来不认为自己会不胜任自己的工作，我想做股票经纪人的经历让我想到了很多。

”1972年，斯图尔特离开华尔街做全职母亲。

一年后，她成立了一家家庭餐厅公司。

02. 亿万富翁库班在达拉斯做酒吧服务员25岁那年，马克·库班（MarkCuban）从印第安纳大学毕业后便迁至达拉斯。

一开始他做的是酒吧服务员，后来在一家PC软件零售商当销售员。

实际上他是被解雇的，因为他想要的是做成一笔交易，而不是一大早开店做生意。

这帮助激发了他创立了首家公司MicroSolutions。

“我去到达拉斯的时候，生活相当窘迫——得在一个三房公寓与六个人睡在地板上。

”库班在他撰写的书《如何在商业竞技中取胜》（Howto Win at the Sport ofBusiness）中写道，“以前我常常都会驱车周围溜达，看看那些大房子，然后想象自己住在里面的感觉，以此作为激励。

”03. 《赫芬顿邮报》创始人在为BBC四处参与各地的音乐节21岁那年，阿里安娜·赫芬顿（AriannaHuffington）在一个机智问答节目中结识了英国知名记者亨利·伯纳德·列文（Henry BernardLevin）。