电子信息工程英文翻译

外文原文一、a question for study or discussion1．Research background and purpose1.1 conceptualizeElliptic filter (Elliptic filter), also known as the Call filter (Cauer filter), is in the passband and stopband ripple of a filter. Elliptic filter when compared to other types of filters, in order under the same conditions with minimal fluctuations in the passband and stopband. Same as its wave in passband and stopband, which distinguish it from the Butterworth filter with flat passband and stopband and flat passband and the stopband ripple or resistance with flat, cut than the snow filter passband ripple.A low-pass filter with a frequency response range of the ellipse：Four-order low-pass elliptic filter frequency response。

1.2 scientific researchIn the low-frequency (600Hz=500KHz) commonly used in band-pass filter, large LC filters, poor stability, stability of Crystal filters, but can only be made of narrow-band filter, bad shock and vibration resistance. Active filters are small, but stability and decay characteristics are often poor, and debugging easy. Ceramic filter is poor and low-frequency seismic performance of low temperature coefficient. And than snow filter Butterworth filter transfer function is a polynomial divided by a constant, for the whole network, all zeros in infinite, only infinite stopband attenuation is infinite, and the elliptic filter in both with zeros and poles on the limited frequency. Zero ripple in the passband, that it has a minimum across the passband and stopband ripple, This is distinguished from Butterworth filter with flat passband and stopband。

1 The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.晶体管开启了现代电脑工业的革命2 The storage cell only requires one capacitor and one transistor, whereas a flip-flop connected in an array requires 6 transistors.存储单元仅需要一个电容和晶体管，并而不像触发器整列那样需要6个晶体管3 There has been a never ending series of new op amps released each year since then, and their performance and reliability has improved to the point where present day op amps can be used for analog applications by anybody.从此以后每年都有新系列的运放发布，他们的性能和可靠性得到了提升，如今任何人都能用运放来设计模拟电路。

4 This is capable of very high speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry.它具有高速转换能力，从而能适应高速采样速率，但它的基本形式非常耗电。

5 During the “on” period , energy is being stored within the core material of the inductor in the form of flux.在”on”阶段，能量以涌浪形式存储在电感的核芯材料里面6 The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost.频率合成器的设计目标是取代系统中多个振荡器，从而减小板卡面积和成本。

电子信息工程专业英语教程第三版译者：唐亦林p32In 1945 H. W. Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods. Until this time, feedback analysis was done by multiplication and division, so calculation of transfer functions was a time consuming and laborious task. Remember, engineers did not have calculators or computers until the '70s. Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system's stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive. Feedback system design was still complicated, but it no longer was an art dominated by a few electrical engineers kept in a small dark room. Any electrical engineer could use Bode's methods find the stability of a feedback circuit, so the application of feedback to machines began to grow. There really wasn't much call for electronic feedback design until computers and transducers become of age.1945年HW伯德提出了一套系统方法，用图形化方法来分析反馈系统的稳定性。

1.As data networks advanced…also grew more complex.由于数据网络从面向终端的系统向分组交换、计算机与计算机连接的方向发展, 执行网络功能所必需的协议也变得愈来愈复杂。

2.An additional bit called a parity bit…during transmission.在每个字符的后面有时还包括一个称为奇偶校验位的附加位, 它们测试数据位在传输过程中是否被意外改变。

3.As already stated, with…downlink（FDD paired bands）.如前所述, 在非对称通信量应用中, TD-SCDMA利用可用频谱的效率比其他3G标准高, 因为它在只利用一个频带（TDD单一频带）而不是两个独立的频带（FDD成对频带）进行上行与下行通信。

4.Although often simpler to implement, …digital modulation.虽然光纤系统的模拟调制易于实现, 但其效率较低, 且要求在接收端有比数字调制高得多的信噪比。

5.At present, the bandwidth…electronics （）is possible.目前传输100km的几吉赫兹的调制信号和传输300km的几百兆赫兹的调制信号都是可能的, 因此光纤系统的可用带宽并没有得到充分利用。

6.Both TD-SCDMA deployments-TSD…unpaired bands awarded.TD-SCDMA的两种部署——TSM和TDDCLR的数据速率、频谱利用率、覆盖率、移动性和可靠性等性能是一样的, 并基本上为所有取得非成对TDD频段牌照的运营商所采用。

7.Crossbar sw itching was carried…selection for all calls.纵横制交换由一个称为标志器的特定电路控制, 标志器提供整个号码的公共控制并选择所有呼叫的路由。

电子信息工程专业英语教程第三版译者:唐亦林p32In 1945 H. W。

Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods. Until this time, feedback analysis was done by multiplication and division，so calculation of transfer functions was a time consuming and laborious task. Remember, engineers did not have calculators or computers until the ’70s。

Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system’s stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive. Feedback system design was still complicated, but it no longer was an art dominated by a few electrical engineers kept in a small dark room。

Any electrical engineer could use Bode's methods find the stability of a feedback circuit，so the application of feedback to machines began to grow。