发盘教案资料
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第四章询盘和发盘学习目标:1、掌握询盘函的写作,撰写询盘函;2、掌握发盘的形式和发盘应包括的基本项目;3、合理有效地撰写发盘函。
询盘和发盘是贸易磋商正式开始的初始环节,其中发盘是必不可少的步骤。
正式发盘函又称报价,在法律上称为“要约”。
它是买方或买方向对方提出各项交易条件,并愿意按照这些条件达成交易,订立合同的一种肯定的表示。
出口商一般会在两种情况下发盘:一种是主动向客户发盘,此时由于不知道客户的购买意向,应多考虑发盘的完整性和吸引力;另一种是在收到客户的询盘后作出答复,此时发盘应具有针对性,有的放矢的对对方感兴趣或符合对方要求的商品进行发盘。
第一节询盘一、询盘的类型:询盘也称询价,是为了试探对方对交易的诚意和了解交易条件的意见。
其内容可以涉及价格、品质、数量、包装、交货期以及索取样品、商品目录等,而多数在询问价格。
询盘可以是买方发,也可以是卖方发,可用口头、书面形式。
书面形式可以用电传、电报、邮件,还可以用询价单来询价或是用商务信函来询价。
以下两个询价的实例:买方询盘:Please quote lowest price CFR Singapore for 500 PCS Flying Pigeon Brand bicycle May shipment cable promptly.请报500辆飞鸽牌自行车CFR新加坡的最低价,五月装运,尽速电告。
卖方询盘:Can supply aluminum ingot 99% pct July shipment PIS cable if interested. 可供99%铝锭,七月份装运,如有兴趣请电告。
二、写信要点:1、自我介绍和信息来源;2、说明感兴趣的商品并索要有关的资料;3、要求报价或其他要求。
三、询盘用语(一)术语:1、询盘 Emquiry2、具体询盘 Specific Equiry3、一般询盘 General Enquiry4、询价单 Enquiry Sheet5、报价 Quotation6、佣金 Commission7、折扣 Discount 8、递价 Bid9、折让 Allowance 10、订单 Order11、试订单 Trial Order 12、欧洲主要港口 Eropean Main Ports(EMS) 13、净价 Net Price 14、商标 Trace Mark15、品牌 Brand 16、规格 Specification17、尺码 Size 18、存货 Stock19、批发商 Wholesalers 20、零售商 Retailers21、分销商 Distributors 22、毛利 Gross Profit23、式样 Style 24、设计 Design25、模型 Model 26、花样 Pattern(二)常用句型:句型1:对某产品感兴趣1)We take an interest in various kinds of Man’s Shirts.我们对各种男式衬衫感兴趣。
【课题】询盘、发盘、还盘与接受【教材版本】中等职业教育国家规划教材——电子商务模拟运作.北京:高等教育出版社【教学目标】知识目标:掌握询盘、发盘、还盘与接受的操作流程。
能力目标: 1.根据有关案例资料进行网上模拟询盘。
2. 根据有关案例资料进行网上模拟发盘。
3. 根据有关案例资料进行网上模拟还盘。
4.根据有关案例资料进行网上模拟接受。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点:掌握询盘、发盘、还盘与接受的操作流程。
教学难点:掌握询盘、发盘、还盘与接受的操作流程。
教学途径:1.多用具体实例解释抽象概念,以便于学生接受和理解。
2.教师演示和学生练习相结合。
【教学媒体及教学方法】制作PPT。
演示法、讲授法、练习法、分组讨论法。
【课时安排】2课时(90分钟)。
【教学过程】第一环节导入(3分钟)传统商务意义下的商品贸易,通用交易过程一般分为五个阶段:调研(询价报价)、估价(讨价估价还价)、备货与配送(产品组织生产发送)、支付和结算(收款付款)、鉴定与承诺(产品检验与售后服务承诺)。
电子商务下的交易过程与传统贸易方式一样,通常也包括以下四个阶段:贸易前的准备、商务洽谈及签约、办理交易手续、合同履行与索赔。
今天我们就来学习电子商务交易的业务流程。
第二环节新授课(55分钟)询盘、发盘、还盘与接受一、网上询盘:(10分钟)[讲解]1.概念:网上询盘是准备购买或出售商品的人向潜在的供货人或买主探询进行交易的可能性以及询问有关交易条件的业务行为。
[分析]网上询盘的内容可以涉及某种商品的品质、规格、数量、包装、价格和装运等成交条件,也可以索取样品,其中多数是询问成交价格,因此,在实际业务中,也有人把询盘称作询价。
[讲解]2.交易过程中的两种特殊情况:①如果发出询盘的一方,只是想探询价格,并希望对方开出估价单,则对方根据询价要求所开出的估价单,只是参考价格,它并不是正式报价,因而也不具备发盘的要件。
②网上询盘不是每笔交易必经的程序,如交易双方彼此都了解情况,不需要向对方探询成交条件或交易的可能性,则不必使用询盘,可直接向对方做出发盘。
交易磋商—询盘、发盘【课题名称】交易磋商-询盘、发盘【教材选用】高等教育出版社《外贸业务协调》第二版【设计课时】1课时【教学内容简析】本课内容选自高教版《外贸业务协调》项目一任务二交易磋商。
主要介绍了交易磋商环节中询盘和发盘相关内容,具有很强的实践性与操作性。
掌握询盘和发盘是建立业务关系中非常重要的两个环节。
【授课对象分析】1.学习基础分析在此前的学习中,学生已学会了出口交易前的准备工作,能大致厘清出口贸易的整个流程和各环节。
这些是对本节课学习交易磋商之发盘、询盘的必备基础技能。
2.学习能力分析学生的识记能力较强,因此,能基本掌握询盘、发盘的概念,构成发盘的要件以及发盘的有效期,但对发盘的撤回和撤销之间的区别和时间节点,基本没有自主理解能力,特别是发盘的失效,更需要建立在前面所学内容基础上再次递进理解。
因此,需要教师赋予实例,使之在记忆的基础上,进而理解,从而掌握。
3.学习倾向分析本课属于交易磋商,会浮现较多名词概念及法系规则,相对理论化,因此,需要设计各种实例,让理论实际化,进而引导学生理解并掌握该内容。
【教学目标】1.知识目标能陈述询盘、发盘的概念,构成发盘的要件以及发盘的有效期,发盘的撤回与撤销,发盘的失效。
2.能力目标能辨别询盘信函和发盘信函,从情境中提炼出发盘何时可以撤回何时可以撤销,能够完整清晰地表达。
3.素质目标培养关注世界经济发展动态,国家重大经济战略与时事热点的习惯,拓展国际视野;养成从经济学视角分析、诠释社会生活经济现象的习惯;【重点难点】重点:询盘、发盘的概念,构成发盘的要件,发盘的有效期;难点:发盘的撤回和撤销的区别及各自的时间节点,发盘失效的5种情况。
【教学策略】疫情期间,学生居家学习,主要采用之江汇同步课程+腾讯课堂直播方式。
利用直播完成屏对屏的线上教学,推送之江汇同步课程(录制好的教学视频)完成课后重复观看,弥补直播环节的不足与疑惑,教学步骤参照下图:【课前准备】1.开辟课前预习资源包(见附件1),发布,梳理问题。
第5课发盘及还盘Offers and Counter-offers教学目的要求:了解发盘的含义;掌握实盘和虚盘、还盘等概念;掌握本单元相关边缘业务知识、词汇、术语及有用的表达教学重点与难点:实盘和虚盘、还盘等概念;与发盘及还盘相关的术语及有用的表达教学时数:共计2学时(其中理论课2学时,实验课学时,习题课学时,讨论课学时)教学内容与方法:发盘(报盘):交易的一方向另一方提出买或卖某项商品的各种交易条件并愿意按所提出的条件与对方达成交易,这种口头的或书面的表示即称之为报盘(报价、发盘)。
5.1firm offer即指有约束力的发盘。
是发盘人有肯定订立合同的意图。
实盘一旦由交易的另一方(受盘人)有效接受,发盘人对其发盘的内容,在有效期内不得随意变更或撤销,否则发盘人将承受违约的法律后果。
实盘所列的交易条件必须肯定、明确,不能含糊和模棱两可;也不应有任何保留。
实盘的内容一般应有:货物正确的品名、详细的品质规格、清楚的包装情况、实在的数量、准确的装运时间和装运港口、完备的价格条款和支付条件。
另外,实盘还有两个内容:一个是明确提出这个发盘是个实盘(firm offer or irrevocable).但即或有实盘或不可撤销字样,也不是构成实盘的必要条件。
如果具备构成实盘的上述必要条件,没有实盘字样也是实盘。
另一个是发盘的有效期。
根据各国法律规定和国际贸易惯例,实盘都有有效期。
有效期是对发盘人的约束,以便利受盘人凭以进行研究交易的可能性。
在有效期内,发盘人有必须承担成交的义务,但是超过了有效期,既或受盘人再行接受,发盘人有权拒绝成交。
在规定具体的有效期时,要根据不同的商品,在不同的市场、不同的地理位置以及节假日等情况。
明确规定此期限的起止日期和地点以免误解。
在当前的国家贸易中,使用实盘报价较多。
但遇到下列情况之一,实盘立即失效:1)受盘人在实盘有效期外表示接受,发盘人不受约束。
2)受盘人对实盘中的一项明确表示拒绝或修改,该项实盘立即失效。
《交易磋商——发盘》教学设计方案公开课教案教学设计课件资料第一章:教学目标与内容1.1 教学目标了解交易磋商的基本概念和流程。
掌握发盘的含义、作用和条件。
学会如何制定和发送发盘。
能够运用发盘进行交易磋商。
1.2 教学内容交易磋商的基本概念和流程。
发盘的含义、作用和条件。
制定和发送发盘的方法和技巧。
发盘在交易磋商中的应用实例。
第二章:教学方法与手段2.1 教学方法讲授法:讲解交易磋商的基本概念和流程,发盘的含义、作用和条件。
案例分析法:分析发盘在交易磋商中的应用实例。
实践操作法:引导学生制定和发送发盘。
2.2 教学手段投影仪:展示课件和案例分析。
计算机:用于实践操作和展示发盘实例。
投影胶片:用于展示发盘的样本和示例。
第三章:教学过程与时间安排3.1 教学过程导入:介绍交易磋商的基本概念和流程。
讲解发盘的含义、作用和条件。
案例分析:分析发盘在交易磋商中的应用实例。
实践操作:引导学生制定和发送发盘。
3.2 时间安排导入:5分钟讲解发盘的含义、作用和条件:15分钟案例分析:20分钟实践操作:30分钟第四章:教学评价与反馈4.1 教学评价学生参与度:学生是否积极参与课堂讨论和实践操作。
学生理解度:学生是否能够理解交易磋商的基本概念和流程,以及发盘的含义、作用和条件。
学生应用能力:学生是否能够运用发盘进行交易磋商。
4.2 反馈与改进学生反馈:收集学生的意见和建议,对教学内容和教学方法进行改进。
教师自我评估:教师根据教学情况和学生的表现,对教学进行自我评估和改进。
第五章:教学资源与参考资料5.1 教学资源课件:展示交易磋商的基本概念和流程,发盘的含义、作用和条件。
案例分析:提供发盘在交易磋商中的应用实例。
实践操作指导:指导学生如何制定和发送发盘。
5.2 参考资料教科书:《国际贸易实务》学术期刊:关于交易磋商和发盘的相关论文网络资源:关于交易磋商和发盘的相关信息和实例第六章:教学活动与互动环节6.1 教学活动小组讨论:学生分组讨论发盘案例,分享不同观点和意见。
浙江职业技术学院实训报告系部:专业班级:学号姓名:课程名称:指导教师:1.询盘InquiryDear Sirs:We know your site search is a big exporter of various toys, such as electric toys, inflatable toys, plush toys. We are in the region is a major distributor of toys.We are now looking for a source suppliers as our long-term partner. We would like to request you to send us a copy of your product catalog with the price of one single or sample table, and reported to us to New York's cost, insurance, freight lowest price. Ifyou are a competitive side, we will be your large orders.Hope to hear your reply soon.Paul • Johnson move onMay 6, 2009敬启者:我们从网站搜索得知贵公司是各种玩具的大出口商,如电动玩具、充气玩具、毛绒玩具等。
我们在本地区是一家玩具的大经销商。
我们现在正寻找一位货源供应商作为我们的长期合作伙伴。
我们想请你方寄给我们一本你方的产品目录单或样品单连同价表,同时报给我方你们到纽约的成本加保险费、运费最低价。
如果你方具有竞争力,我方将向你方大量订货。
望早日听到您的答复。
保罗•约翰逊谨上2009年5月6日自行车还盘SPECIMEN:ASKING FOR LOWERING THE PRICEDear Sirs,RE:COUNTER-OFFER FOR BICYCLESThank you for your letter about the offer for the captioned bicycles.Although we appreciate the quality of your bicycles, their price is too high to beacceptable .Refering to the Sales Confirmation No.89SP-754,you will find that we ordered 1000bicycles with same brand as per the terms and conditions stipulated in that Sales Comfirmation, but the price was 10%lower than your present price.Sinece we placed the last order,price for raw materials has been decreased consider ablely.Retailing price for your bicycles here has also been reduced by 5%.Accepting your present price will mean great loss to us , let alone profit.We would like to place repeat orders with you if you could reduce your price at least by 1.5%.Otherwise, we have to shift to the other suppliers for our similar request.Wehope you take our suggestion into serious consideration and give us your reply as soon as possibleyours truly敬启者:谢谢你们对标题下的自行车报价的来信。
Quotation and Offer报价和发盘目的:掌握发盘的基本约束,以及如何进行报价和发盘的信函书写。
在国际贸易中,发盘(Offer)又称发价,在法律上又称“要约”,是指买方或卖方向对方提出的各项交易条件。
发盘通常是一方收到对方的询盘之后所提出的,但也可不经过对方询盘而主动向对方提出。
在实际业务中,当发盘针对一个或几个特定的受盘人明示或暗示发盘人在明确、完整和最终的条件下订立合同的明确意图时,,该盘就为实盘。
受盘人一旦在发盘的有效期内有效地表示接受,这个实盘就为不可撤销,并会对发盘人和受盘人双方产生约束力。
因此,实盘又称为“有约束力的发盘”。
报实盘时必须注意以下三点:(1)发盘必须注明是实盘。
(2)发盘必须明确、清楚、完整、具有最终效力并列出所有的主要交易条件。
(3)发盘必须注明有效期。
完整的报价和发盘应包括以下内容:(1 )对询价表示感谢。
(2 )提供所要求的所有信息,如价格、折扣及付款条件等细节。
(3 )对交货期或装运期的承诺。
(4 )如为实盘,应注明有效期。
(5 )希望对方接受报价订购货物。
Letter 1:Request for quotation for crockeryDear Sirs,You have previously supplied us with crockery and we should be obliged if you would now quote CIF San Francisco for the items named below. The pattern we require is listed in your 2004 catalogue as No.8.500 Teacups and Saucers,200 Tea Plates,100 2-pint Tea-potsWhen replying, please state: (1)discounts allowable, (2) terms of payment, and (3) earliest possible date of delivery.Truly yours,Fred Jackson Letter 2:Exporter’s quotationDear Ms. Chen,Thank you for your letter of 5th April, requesting for a further supply of our crockery, we are pleased to quote as follows:Teacups……………USD500.00 per hundredTea Saucers…………USD200.00 per hundr edTea Plates……………USD180.00 per hundredTea-pots, 2-pint ………USD3.00 eachNet CIF FranciscoThe above quotation is subject to our final confirmation. You are allowed a discount of 5% for items ordered in quantities of 500 or more. The terms of payment are by letter of credit at sight to be opened through the Bank of China and the shipment is to be made within four weeks upon receipt of the covering letter of credit.We hope you will find these terms satisfactory and look forward to the pleasure of your order.Yours faithfully,Leon AllenLetter 3:A firm offer from the sellerDear Sirs,As requested in your letter of April 18th, we offer you firm as follows, subject to your reply reaching us by the end of this month.1 000 dozen cotton shirts at USD60 per dozen CIF New York. The shipment is to be made during June. We require payment by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit payable by draft at sight.This is the best offer we can make at present and we trust that you will accept this offer without loss of time as the demand for our cotton shirts is heavy.For your reference, we are sending you some samples separately.Yours very truly,ChunLetter 4:A non-firm offerDear Sirs,We welcome your inquiry of April 17th and thank you for your interest in our Wanlida DVD. Our products are super-thin. The voice quality is better and pictures are clearer than same sort of products. We are pleased to offer you USD150 per set at CIF New York. Payment is to be made by confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight.Please note that there is no commission on our products, but a discount of 5% may be allowed if the quantity of your order is more than 1 000 sets.We hope you will agree to our offer and look forward to receiving your order. Thank you again for your inquiry.Yours faithfully,ManagerLetter 5:A special offerDear Sirs,In order to start a concrete transaction between us, we take pleasure in making you a special offer, subject to our final confirmation, as follows.Art. No.: 81000 Printed ShirtingDesign No.: 72435-2ASpecifications: 30×36×72×69, 35’’/ 36’’×42 yardsQuantity: 12 600 yardsPacking: in bales or in wooden cases, at seller’s optionPrice: USDXXX per yard CIFC 5% VancouverShipment: to be made in three equal monthly installment; beginning from June 2002Payment: by confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight to be opened 30 days before the time of shipment.We trust the above will be acceptable to you and await your trial order with keen interest.Sincerely yours,John Leeds5.4 Focal Words(焦点词汇)advisevt. 通知,告知We are studying your list of commodities and will advise you of our present interest.Please advise us when you will ship the goods.advisable: adj. 可取的,明智的It is advisable that you should ship the goods by s.s. Red Star.advice: n. 通知,报告We have duly received the advice of opening an L/C.certifyvt. 证明This is to certify that we, the undersigned, have inspected the quality of the above-mentioned goods and found the result as follows.When contractor shall have completed the work, he shall certify in writing, completion of the work to the owner. certificate: n. 证明书The Inspection Certificate of Quality, Quantity and Weight issued by the Shanghai Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau shall be final.offern. 报盘,报价This offer will remain effective for another 10 days from 15th May.vt. 报盘We offer you firm 50 long tons of Tin Foil Sheets at Stg.135 per long ton CIF Shanghai for delivery in June.vi. 给予,提供For quantities of 10 tons and over, we can offer a discount of 15% on list prices.pricen. 价格If prices are right, we should place a first order for 400 raincoats.vt. 定价All our table-cloths are exquisitely made and moderately priced.Our low-priced tweeds have a great market in East African Areas.price list: n. 价格表,价目单Will you please send us a price list of your portable transistor sets.quotevt. 引用,复述The buyer is always requested to quote the number of this Sales Confirmation in the L/C to be opened in favor of the seller.vt. 给…报价Please quote us your lowest price.vi. 报价Will you please quote for the supply of approximately 100 reams of good quality white poster paper.5.5 Useful Sentences(实用语句)1. 发盘用语to offer/ to make an offer/ to submit an offeringto offer firm/ to make a firm offerto offer subject to goods being unsoldto hold an offer open/ to keep an offer opento withdraw an offer/ to cancel an offerto alter an offerto extend an offer2. In our offer, we shall make it our business to charge you the lowest possible price for any quantity you may require, in order to give you an entire satisfaction and to retain your customers.3. If your prices are most favorable than those of other suppliers we shall send you an order.4. This offer is firm subject to your immediate reply, which should reach us not later than the end of this month. There is little likelihood of the goods remaining unsold once this particular offer has lapsed.5. The offer will remain firm until 31st March, beyond which date the terms and prices should be discussed anew.6. The stock on hand at present will be sold at a reduction of at least 50 percent, and purchasers are respectfully invited to avail themselves of this opportunity of providing themselves with articles in furniture and ironmongery at unprecedented low prices.7. As recently the goods are in extremely short supply, we regret being unable to offer the price.8. The item is presently sold out. Therefore, we cannot send you an offer.9. As requested, we are offering you the following subject to our final confirmation.10. On the 17th May, I venture to invite you to have a look at my shop, and wish me success.Counter-offers and Acceptance还盘和接受6.1 Introduction(简介)目的:掌握在接到发盘后,如何撰写还盘和接受的相关信函。