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题目：2023上海高考英语语法题详解一、题目分析本次上海高考英语语法题主要考察了动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、复合句以及倒装句等语法点。
其中，动词时态和语态的考察较多，涉及了现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时等时态，以及被动语态的用法。
非谓语动词的考察主要集中在不定式和动名词作宾语和补语的情况。
形容词和副词的比较级则主要考察了两者之间的比较，以及多音词的比较级形式。
复合句的考察主要涉及了宾语从句和状语从句。
倒装句则主要考察了部分倒装的情况。
二、解题思路对于动词时态和语态，首先要根据上下文确定时间状语，再根据时间状语选择合适的时态和语态。
对于非谓语动词，要分析句子结构，确定主语和动词之间的关系，再根据关系选择合适的非谓语动词形式。
对于形容词和副词的比较级，要掌握比较级的用法和规则，特别注意多音词的比较级形式。
对于复合句，要分析从句结构和从句的成分，再根据需要选择合适的连词和从句类型。
对于倒装句，要了解倒装的用法和规则，特别是部分倒装的情况。
三、实例解析例如，题目：What did you do last weekend? 这句话应该用一般过去时态，因为last weekend 表示过去的时间状语，所以应该用动词过去式did作为助动词。
答案为：I did something interesting last weekend.再例如，题目：The movie has been on for an hour, and the audience is still enjoying it.这句话中，“still enjoying it”应该用现在完成进行时态，因为句子中出现了for an hour这个时间状语，表示动作已经持续了一段时间，所以应该用现在完成时态来表示过去的动作对现在的影响。
答案为：The movie has been on for an hour, and the audience has been enjoying it for a long time.四、备考建议首先，要系统学习语法知识，掌握各种语法点的含义、用法和规则。
(1)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a sophomore (二年级学生），I am feeling the time flies. Recalling about the past one year, so many thoughts (1) _________ (flood) in my mind. At this time, 1 just can’t tell my real idea. The memory is just like so fresh, and all (2) _________ things happened yesterday!When first day I came to University, I really feel that the school is very good, but at the first sight of the dormitory, something (3) _________ (disappoint) come up to me! The condition of the dormitory is really very poor with only one room, no lavatory! I saw something sad in my father’s eyes, maybe that time he thought of the poor condition! So with a big smile on my face, I told my father “it doesn’t matter, Dad. In this kind of condition, I will get myself (4) _________ (good)!5, My father felt better. But when he was coming back, seeing his back, I just wanted to cry! I felt in this city I was just isolated, from that time, I said to myself, you have no others (5) _________ can help you here, just depend on yourself.And then I came to my dormitory 303. I considered that I would spend four years here (in fact I moved to another one year later) and my dorm mates (6_________ (be) all there. Most of them came from Sichuan and they were chatting with a happy voice, but I can5t understand them! Again, I felt myself (7) _________ (isolate)! I hated that kind of feeling, and then I said hello to them!|To my surprise they are very friendly to me and warm-hearted! I no longer felt afraid. And I got along well with them. But at the first night here, I burst out to tears in that I was missing my family. I don’t know(8) _________ Everyday when I was at home, I was just eager to go to school,(9) _________ (experience) the wonderful college life but when coming here,I am just eager to go back! Ifs quite strange though, you (10)_________ know this kind of feeling!答案： 1， are flooding 2, the 3, disappointing 4, better 5, who 6, are 7, isolated 8, why 9, to experience 10, must!(2)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I felt in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search I found one and (1) _____ ____ my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those. I looked (2) _________ the bars at my jailer (看守）.He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him “Have you got a light” He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. (3) _________ he came close and lit the match, his eyes inadvertently (无意地）locked with mine. At that moment^ I smiled. I don’t know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness, perhaps it was because, (4) _________ you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to some. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was (5) ____ _____ a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn’t want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and generated a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, (6) _________ (look) at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.I kept smiling at him, now aware of him as a person and not just a jailer. And his looking at me seemed to have a new impression too. Do you have kids he asked Yes, here, here. I took out my wallet and nervously looked for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes (7) _________ (fill) with tears. I said that I feared that I’d never see my family again, never have the chance to see them (8) _________ (grow) up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word,he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the jail, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the tow a"My life (9) _________ (save) by a smile. Yes, the smile The unaffected, unplanned, natural connection between people. I really believe that (10) _________ that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn’t be enemies. We couldn’t have hate or envy or fear.答案： 1， Because of 2, through 3, As 4, when 5, as though6, looking 7, filled 8, grow 9, was saved 10, if~(3)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Highways turned into free parking lots; high-speed trains shuttled (穿梭）with the minimum possible intervals but still struggled to take the strain; armed police (1) _________ (be) called to help evacuate (疏散）stranded crowds--------$These are not screen shots from Hollywood film 2012 but rather a reality show (真人秀) currently taking place in China, (2) _________ billion people are on their weeklong National Day holidays.(3) _________ the holiday kicked off on Tuesday, relativelycomfortable weather across the country, toll-free (免费通行）highways, admission ticket discounts, and lower gas prices have combined (4) _________ (make) this so-called Golden Week the best time for traveling. At least that was the theory. But such miracles rarely happen (5) _________ millions of minds think alike —the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘）of crowds have been seen almost everywhere.No other description (6) _________ (allow) better visualization of the situation than the Chinglish phrase “people mountain, people sea,” as netizens re-branded Golden Week as “golden mess.” 98,000 — The number of visitors (7) _________ (receive) by the Summer Palace in Beijing on Wednesday (8) _________ crowds flocked to catch a glimpse of a giant rubber duck installed by Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman.The temporary exhibit, (9) _________ has caused quite a buzz in China, was transferred to this former royal garden and residence prior (10) _________ the Golden Week.'答案： 1， were 2， where 3, Since 4, to make 5, when6, allows 7, received 8, as 9, which 10,to(4)#Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This kind of damage is inevitable if cells exist frozen in permafrost (永久冻土层）for thousands of years and cannot make repairs, Christner said. Imagine that a microbe is in ice for (1) _________ (extend) periods of time and its DNA is progressively getting cut into pieces. There will eventually be a point (2) _________ the microbe’s DNA become s sodamaged that it's no longer a viable informational storage molecule. What is left is a corpse.The situation would seem dire for the longevity of microbes in ice. But curiously, researchers have been able (3) _________ (revive) microbes buried in ice and permafrost for hundreds of thousands to millions of years. In fact, Christner managed to revive several different types of bacteria from near (4) _________ bottom of the Guliya ice cap on the Qinghan-Tibetan plateau in Western China — ice that is 750,000 years old, from long (5) _________ the age of humans.But (6) _________ is it possible for microbes to counter expectations and survive (7) _________ such long periods when frozen The survival of microorganisms in ancient glacial ice and permafrost has typically been ascribed to their ability to persist in a dormant, metabolic ally inert state. But even this explanation (8) _________ (not account) for the background levels of ionizing radiation (9) cause damage to these microbes’ DNA, frozen (10) _________ the bottom of a glacier or not.、答案： 1，extended 2, when 3, to receive 4, the 5, before6, how 7, for 8, the 9, infecting 10, even though(5)\A simple change — switching on captions (字幕）一can make a big difference when students watch educational videos, an SF State professor has discovered. Robert Keith Collins, (1) _________ assistant professor of American Indian studies, found that students test scores and comprehension improved dramatically (2) _________ captions were used while (3) _________ (watch) videos. The tool is often utilized for students with learning disabilities, but Collins says his results showcaptions can be beneficial to all students.Collins developed the idea (4) _________ he was a member of a faculty learning committee(教师学习委员会）focused on ways to make the classroom (5) _________ (many) accessible to all students. During the first year of a two-year case study, he showed videos (6) _________ captions to establish a baseline of student comprehension. (7) _________ that baseline was established, he turned captions on and began to see improvements. Those improvements continued into the second year of the study.Not only were students talking about how much having the captions (8) _________ (help) them as they (9) _________ (take)notes，their tests cores went up, Collinssaid. During the baseline year, there were a lot of Cs. In the second years, they went from Cs, Ds and Fs to As, Bs and Cs. (10) _________ was really significant improvement.答案：~1, an 2, when 3, watching 4, while 5. more6, without 7. Once 8. doesn’t account 9. that 10. at(6)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that.best fits each blank.When people want to direct the attention of others, they naturally do so by pointing, starting from a very young age. Now, researchers (1) _________ (report) in Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, on October 10 have shown that elephants spontaneously get the main idea ofhuman pointing and can use it (2) _________ a cue for finding food.That’s all the more impressive given that many great apes (3) _________ (fail) to understand pointing (4) _________ it’s done for them by human caretakers, the researchers say. By showing (5) _________ African elephants spontaneously understand human pointing, without any training to do so, we (6) _________ (show) that the ability to understand pointing is not uniquely human but has also evolved in a lineage of animal very remote from the primates, says Richard Byrne of the University of St Andrews, noting that elephants are part of an ancient African radiation of animals, including the hyrax (蹄兔）， golden mole (金驢鼠），aardvark (土膝），and manatee (海牛）.What elephants share with humans is (7) _________ they live in an elaborate and complex network in which support, empathy, and help for others are critical for survival.It may be only in (8) _________ a society that the ability to follow pointing has adaptive value, or, more generally, elephant society (9) _________ have selected for an ability to understand when otha's are trying to communicate with them, and they are thus able to work out (10) _________ pointing is about when they see it..]答案：1. reporting 2, as 3, fail 4, when 5, that6, has shown 7, that 8, such 9, may 10, What：(7)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The influence of genes outside the nucleus was known to an earlier generation of field ecologists and crop breeders, said Dan Kliebenstcin, professor in the UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences and Genome Center and senior author (1) _________ the paper published Oct. 8 in the online journal eLife. This is the first time (2) _________ the effect has been quantified (3) _________ a genomic approach, he said.Bindu Joseph, a postdoctoral researcher in Kliebenstein5s lab, and Kliebenstein studied how variation in 25,000 nuclear genes and 200 organellar genes (4) _________ (affect) the levels of thousands of individual chemicals, or metabolites, in leaf tissue from 316 individual Arabidopsis plants.They found that 80 percent of the metabolites (5) _________ (measure) were directly affected by variation in the organellar genes —about the same proportion (6) _________ were affected by variation among the much (7) _________ (large) number of nuclear genes. There were also indirect effects, (8) _________ organellar genes regulated the activity of nuclear genes that in turn affected metabolism.[At first ifs surprising, but at (9) _________ level you almost expect it, Kliebenstein said. These organelles produce energy and sugar for cells, (10) _________ they are very important.答案： 1，on 2, that 3, with 4, affected 5, measured6, that 7, larger 8, where 9, another 10, so(8)~Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Earlier studies have suggested that texting while driving is on a par with (和一样） driving while intoxicated with alcohol as a significantrisk factor for highway accidents. Indeed, some research suggested that texting (1) _________ (slow) driver reaction times more than being drunk. Other studies reinforce the myth of multitasking and show that very few %) people can competently undertake two or (2) _________ (many) tasks at once. Moreover, our brains allow us (3) _________ (focus) completely only on a single task at any given time, so those people demonstrated as multitaskers are simply better at switching seamlessly between two activities. Texting (4) _________ driving is already banned in some countries, (5) _________ (include) the UK for this reason.There seems to be a mentality that use of electronic devices is dangerous (6) _________ everyone but me, the team says. While the US government has introduced a public awareness campaign (7) _________ (base) around the “” web site, the means to correct for such a risky practice as texting while driving is in dispute. The team’s study provides useful evidence (8) _________ (regard) attitudes to this issue.If further research conclusively demonstrates that texting while driving is as dangerous as driving drunk this study suggests that a promotional campaign should be undertaken to assure that this point (9) _________ (understand), the team suggests. Lantz points out that, our study, particularly our measurement of impulsiveness, is exploratory. We have been working (10) _________ (develop) that measurement and it is still a work in progress, he says.<答案：1， slows 2, more 3, to focus 4, while 5, including6, for 7, based 8, regarding 9, is understood 10, to develop，(9)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagescoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New research on the reproductive habits of zebrafish offers an explanation as to why some animals5 bodies repair tissues. The research team previously (1) _________ (notice) that male zebrafish regenerate their pectoral fins (胸鳍）poorly, as (2) _________ (compare) to females. Their latest findings, (3) _________ (publish) in the October 14 issue of the Cell Press journal Developmental Cell, reveal the basis for this sex-specific regenerative deficiency: structures that are used (4) _________ (improve) reproductive success. The scenario represents an example of the tradeoffs (权衡，折衷）between reproduction and survival.(5) _________ (lead) by first author Junsu Kang, the scientists identified anatomical (解-剖的）structures (6) _________ male fish use during mating that produce a signal (7) _________ impedes regeneration of the pectoral fins after injury. As such, fish (8) _________ (appear) to trade an ancient ability to regenerate tissue easily for a new-found way of enhancing reproductive success. This valuable information could help scientists begin to explain (9) _________ humans are less able to regenerate tissue and (10) _________ also be us ed to improve the body’s tissue regenerative capacity..答案：1， noticed 2, compared 3, publishing 4, to improve 5, Led6, that/ which 7, that 8, appear 9, is understood10. to develop{Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Researchers studying young bonobos (倭黑猩猩）in an African sanctuary have discovered striking similarities (1) _________ the emotional development of the bonobos and that of children, suggesting these great apes regulate their emotions in a human-like way. This is important to human evolutionary history (2) _________ it shows the socio-emotional framework commonly applied to children works equally well for apes. Using this framework, researchers can test predictions of great ape behavior and, as in the case of this study, confirm humans and apes (3) _________ (share) many aspects of emotional functioning. Zanna Clay, PliD, and Frans de Waal, PhD, of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, conducted the study at a bonobo sanctuary near Kinshasa, (4) _________ capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The results (5) _________ (publish) in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Detailed video analysis of daily social life (6) _________ the sanctuary allowed Clay and de Waal to measure how bonobos handle their own emotions as well as (7) _________ they react to the emotions of others. They found the two were related in that bonobos that recovered quickly and easily from (8) _________ own emotional upheavals (剧变，隆起），(9)_________ (lose) a fight, showed more empathy for their fellow great(10)________ (note) those bonobos more often gave body comfort (kissing, embracing, touching) to those in distress.~答案：1， between 2, Because 3, share 4, the 5, the6, at 7, how 8, appear 9, why 10, could~Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurs in the Pacific Ocean but plays an important part in the world’s climate system. Researchers have (1) _________ now been unsure as to how (2) _________ (rise) temperatures would affect ENSO in the future. But this new study suggests that droughts and floods (3) _________ (drive) by ENSO will be more intense.(4) _________ ENSO phenomenon plays a complicated role in the global weather system. The El Nino part of the equation sees a warming of the eastern and tropical Pacific, (5) _________ its cooler sister, La Nina, makes things chillier in these same regions.Like water in a bathtub, the warmer or cooler waters slosh back and forth across the Pacific Ocean. They are responsible for rainfall patterns (6) _________ Australia and the equatoria（赤道的）region, but their effects are also felt much (7) _________ (far) away. During the Northern Hemisphere winter, for example, you can get more intense rainfall over the southern part of the US in a (8) _________ (warm) El Nino phase.For years, scientists have been concerned about how this sensitive weather system (9) _________ be changed by rising temperatures from global warming. Now, in this new paper, published in the journal Nature, researchers (10) _________ (give) their most “robust” projections yet. Using the latest generation of climate models, they found a consistent projection for the future of ENSO.,答案： 1，until 2, rising 3, driven 4, The 5, while6, across 7, further 8, warmer 9, might 10, give(12)~Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.People like to climb mountains on this festival, so Double Ninth Festival Ls also called “Mountain-climbing Festival”. The 9th lunar month, (1) _________ clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing. So people, both ancient (2) _________ present, love to go sightseeing this month.Apart from expelling bad luck and disasters, climbing mounting also indicates “climbing to a (3) _________ (high) position”，and it is also an important reason why ancient people pay much attention about this custom. Another reason (4) _________ climbing mountains are valued by people, especially by the elderly is that is has a meaning of “climb toa longevous life”. Also for this reason people believe that (5) _________ (climb) mountains can make people live a more longevous life.It is really (6) _________ (refresh) to climb mountains and enjoy the beauty of nature at this bright and clear time in autumn. Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already prevailing in the Tang Dynasty, and a lot of poems were devoted to this custom./Chrysanthemum (7) _________ (originate) in China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century . Chrysanthemum blossomin the ninth lunar month have a beautiful name of “flower of longevity”. The chrysanthemum flowa- wine is unique in brewing. In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine, (8) _________ would not be drunk until the same day next year.The wine is said to have wholesome effects on sharpness of the eye, alleviation of headache, drop of hypertension, reduction of weight and removal of stomach trouble, thus (9) _________ (contribute) to longevity. It is said that the drinkers of the chrysanthemum wine would be free from evil and have strong physique (10) _________ cold weather.答案： 1， with 2, and 3, higher 4, that 5, climbing6, refreshing 7, originated 8, which 9, contributing10, against、(13)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The authors examined how discounts influence pleasure-related consumption experiences. They found that discounts generally make consumers happier. But they also found that (1) _________ (pay) a lower price for a product reduces the need to justify the expenditure, (2) _________ causes people to pay less attention during consumption, dampening enjoyment. The relative strength of these opposing forces (3) _________ (depend) on when the product is consumed after payment —right away or after a delay.The authors conducted four experiments involving real spending and consumption, (4) _________ (use) a variety of products (chocolates, music, orange juice) and different durations of consumption delay. In one of the experiments, participants (5) _________ (purchase) one of two types (6) _________ chocolate truffles (松露）at either the regular price of $1 or a discount of 50 cents. Half of (7) participants consumed the chocolate right away, and the other half waited for a week (8) _________ consuming the chocolate. Consumers enjoyed the chocolate less when theyhad to wait a week.！"'Our research provides new insight for better understanding the mixed effects of discounts on sales and loyalty, (9) _________ (offer) an explanation for why discounts may increase sales in the short run, but (10) _________ have negative long-term effects on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty,” the authors conclude.答案： 1， playing 2, which 3, depends 4, using 5, purchased 6, of , 7, the 8, before 9, offering 10, could；(14)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In the study, researchers looked at a group of about 100 patients with speech and language disorders and noticed many of them were teachers. For a control, they compared them (1) _________ a group of more than 400 Alzheimer’s patients from the Mayo Clinic Study on Aging. Teachers were about times (2) _________ (many) likely to develop a speech and language disorder than Alzheimer's disease. For other occupations, there was no difference (3) _________ the speech and language disorders group and the Alzheimer^ group.(4) _________ compared to the 2008 . census, the speech and language cohorthad a higher proportion of teachers, but it was consistent with the differences (5) _________ (observe) with the Alzheimer^ dementia group.This study has important implications for early detection of progressive speech and language disorders, says Mayo Clinic neurologist, Keith Josephs, ., (6) _________ is the senior author of the study. A largecohort study (7) _________ (focus) on teachers may improve power to identify the risk factors for these disorders. "Teachers are (8) _________ daily communication,” says Dr. Josephs. “It’s a (9)_________ (demand) occupation, and teachers may be more sensitive to (10) _________ development of speech and language impairments (损伤）《答案： 1， to , 2, more 3, between 4, When 5, observed6, who 7, focusing 8, in 9, demanding 10, the^(15)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Shoppers are more likely to buy a product from a different location when a pleasant sound coming from a particular direction draws attention to the item, according to a new study in (1) _________ Journal of Consumer Research. "Suppose that you are standing in a supermarket aisle (通道)，（2) _________ (choose) between two packets of cookies, one placed nearer your right side and the other nearer your left. (3) _________ you are deciding, you hear an in-store announcement from your left, about store closing hours," write authors Hao Shen and Jaideep Sengupta. "Will this announcement, (4) _________ is quite irrelevant (5) _________ the relative merits of the two packets of cookies, influence your decision”]In the example above, most consumers would choose the cookies on the。
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧在上海高考英语考试中，语法填空题通常会占据比较大的分值。
因此，认真准确地完成语法填空题能够有效地提高考生的英语成绩。
然而，这类题目因为其对语法知识的考查和灵活运用所涉及的难度较高，即使是一些高分考生也可能因为不完全掌握技巧而失分。
为此，本篇文章将针对上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧进行详细的介绍。
首先，正确理解文章意思前往语法填空题的考试情景中，每个选项都对应于文章或段落中的一个空缺处。
因此，正确理解文章的意思是解答语法填空题所必须的基本前提。
考生需要精读整篇文章或段落，把握其主旨和基本含义，从而能够正确地辨认所需填充的语法部分，排除不必要的选项。
其次，掌握第一、二语法规则在解答语法填空的过程中，主要使用的是第一和第二语法规则。
这两个语法规则的应用范围非常广泛，掌握它们对于正确选出选项至关重要。
第一语法规则是指词类匹配，主要是指名词、动词、形容词的搭配。
这里我们以名词为例。
在语法填空中，名词的考察重点在于选项和文章间是否有一定的逻辑关系。
这个逻辑关系往往是指具有一定同义或反义的词类之间的匹配关系。
例如，文章中提到了“the ocean”，那么选项中的“sea”就是一个正确的选项。
第二语法规则则是指句子成分、时态和语法语境。
在语法填空中，动词时态和语态的考察占据了很大的比重。
除此之外，考生还需要关注不同形式的词汇所产生的句子成分的不同的影响。
第三，注意选项之间的区别在语法填空题目中，考生常常会遇到相似的选项，这需要选手在选项上进行深度的比较和分析。
首先，选项中的逻辑关系与文章中的语义关系是否一致，其次，选项中的单词用法是否合理，是否符合上下文推理。
如果考生能够注意到这些问题，并将其正确地运用到解答过程中，那么就能够有效地筛选出正确的选项。
第四，保持心态平稳、有效地使用时间语法填空题目的难点和复杂性常常会导致考生在考试过程中精神紧张和慌乱，从而影响解答准确率。
因此，保持心态平稳是解答语法填空的关键所在。
（最新版）上海高考题型分析——语法填空考情分析五年考情分析—语法填空年份题材类别字数难度2014 居住在纽约和自动售货机生活类300 285 中2015 来自陌生人的礼物和书信生活类349 303 中2016 爱心和压力生活类340 283 中2017年1月关于最新电影（疯狂动物城）生活类240 难2017年6月动物的存在生活类280 难2018 没有孩子在身边的生活生活类369 难2019年1月从终点开始向后工作生活类274 中2019年6月奥里萨岛数百万只小橄榄海龟自然类241 难试题探究1、命题特点语法填空考查语法点趋势统计时间虚词动词形容词副词情冠介代连倒装谓语非谓语2014 011151241 2015 111150241 2016 011150341 2017年1月001121131 2017年6月001130131 2018 001031131●动词的非谓语用法是重要考点分值占3分；●虚词的考察侧重介代连●形容词和副词每年必考，倒装特殊句式成为热点考察，另外动词的作谓语时态语态每年必考。
2、考点解读注意：在掌握以上考点的同时也不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查，如：not…until…；not only…but (also)…；so…that…；not…but…；as…as…；either…or…；more…than…；neither…nor…；such…that…；hardly…when…；no sooner…than…等。
能力要求：1．阅读/理解语篇的能力2．分析句子结构的能力3．熟练运用语法的能力4．单词拼写能力解题步骤：1. 通读全文，了解大意既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前就应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意。
2. 分析语境，试填空格读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特定语境及解题思路去填空。
3. 对照考点，解决难题在解题过程中要先易后难。
在做好有把握的题后，对照各考点及题数，仔细推敲，解决难题。
1 上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧 2014上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这种题型进行了分析，总结出十条语法填空的解题技巧。
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对代词、动词、形容词等形式变化的掌握程度。 技巧一：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，
有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。 例1： A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
考点聚焦知识体系 ： 时态：考纲要求的11种时态 谓语动词 语态：主动语态和被动语态 be+过去分词 动词 情态动词 动词不定式 一般式、进行式、 完成式 主动与被动
非谓语动词 动名词 一般式、 完成式 主动与被动 现在分词 一般式、完成式 主动与被动 分词 过去分词
技巧二：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和
宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。 例2：The king decided to see the painter by (he)．
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。 考点聚焦知识体系 1.人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 所有格 形容词性 my our your your his her its their
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧(2)2014上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平.本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示.本人就这种题型进行了分析，总结出十条语法填空的解题技巧.一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对代词、动词、形容词等形式变化的掌握程度.技巧一：动词形式变化.动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词).学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习.例1：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语.从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given.考点聚焦知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态 be+过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：代词形式变化.代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词.另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等.例2：The king decided to see the painter by (he)．由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself.考点聚焦知识体系1.人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I we you you he she it they宾格me us you you him her it themmy our your your his her its their所有格形容词性名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs反身代词myself ourself yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 其它类介词的考查方法是不给提示词的.如.指示代词：this that these those such same不定代词：some any each every one none no one few a few little a little all both other another others neither either 等疑问代词：what which who whom whose 等，用于特殊疑问句连接代词和关系代词是考主从复合句的连接关系，应根据主从复合句的关系确定选用.技巧三：形容词、副词比较级变化.英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化.构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the.例3：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”.考点聚焦知识体系：原级构成比较级（在形容词或副词后加er或在前面加more）注意不规则变化最高级（在形容词或副词后加est或在前面加most）形容词副词比较等级同级比较比较级基本句型最高级其它特殊用法二、未给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的.技巧四：固定短语结构.根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语.例4：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy．从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves.例5：His boss was____angry as to fire him．如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so... as to，所以，so是正解.技巧五：从句引导词.从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度.例6：He did not do_____his father had asked him to do．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what.例7：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who.考点聚焦知识体系（本知识体系也适用于技巧八）肯定陈述句一般问句否定特殊问句疑问句1.简单句反义问句选择问句do祈使句 don’t thatlet 连词What whether, as if, as though感叹句 becausehow 连接代词 what，who whom whose 连接词 which how many/much2.并列句并列连词 no matter+wh-等句子连接副词 when where why how -ever 名词性从句 no matter+wh- 等主语从句表语从句种类宾语从句同位语从句先行词关系代词that which who whim whose 3.从句 As 等关系词定语从句关系副词 when where why限制性种类非限制性表时间表原因表地点表条件状语从句表目的表结果表让步表方式表比较技巧六：短语介词结构.短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等.例10：Mr Smith took a plane to London ____ of taking a train．此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of.例11：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____ of him．细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解.技巧七：连词、关联短语结构.常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also等.例12：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for.例13：____ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and，故答案为Both.技巧八：冠词、介词和常用的副词.冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much 等，但一般不会考查．ly形式的方式副词.例14：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车.例15：Old Tom’s grand·daughter used to visit him _____ Saturday afternoons．Saturday afternoons是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解.例16：Though Liu Qiang did the same work ____ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay ______ Zhang Wen．第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than.例27：It was only one day left , _____ ，his father had no idea to answer him．观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however.语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力.上述十条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率.2014高考英语新题型–语法填空高频考点与高分技巧(1)按该题2014高考课改考纲要求及已考该题型省份（广东卷）7年的考试规律，“纯空格题”仅考冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等.(2)介词、连接词、动词每年会有两道小题，是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点.(3)冠词：考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本…)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法.(4)代词：主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词.备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词.(5)连接词：考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where(三年考了两年)、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词.如何判断名词性从句？规律：可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句.注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语或表语时常填 what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)(6)动词：时态重点考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态.语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视.非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing形式.答案特点：(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词.已先行考试的广东卷7年高考题的答案印证了这一点.(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词.究竟由几个单词组成？没有规定，高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词.若需填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态.(3)要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词，平均每词约4-6个字母.(4)若所填词位于句首，第一个字母要注意大写.特别提醒：“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况.非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词.答题思路：(1)纯空格试题.首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词.然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词.我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：(1)纯空格题（无提示词）：通常考——冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词 )、介词、和连词、从句引导词.(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考——谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、.非谓语动词、词类转换等.两个分句结构连接,考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法.1.…The exam, ________was originally to be held in our class room, was changed to the library at the last minute. 2…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away________there was a garage.3. It is such an important issue ______ we couldn’t af ford to ignore.4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.答案：which where as whom具体分析方法：（一）纯空格题1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词).[例1] I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __38_ gets there almost in a second.and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it.2、名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词his, their等形容词性物主代词，或some, any, other(s), another等限定词.[例2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help __33__ rice crop grow up quickly.名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his.[例3] The little boy pulled ___33___ right hand out of the pocket … （his）[例4] …the head o f the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a.3、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词.[例因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as.4、若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词.[例6] …two worlddollars.因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and.（考and的可能性较小）5、若两句(主谓关系算一个句子).[例因I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before.[例9] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37he felt very happy…因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but.6、若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等).[例句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may.[例11] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ___33___ bring home a regular salary.这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确).7、若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大).8、由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词.还是that.味精)!(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等，还是填do, does, did等.[例13] __41__with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.由can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装.(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it.由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it.(4)so /such…that…句型.[例16] This made the goat so jealous___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey.由句式结构可知，这是so…that…句型，应填that.(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型.[例17] Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager careshe pays.由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填than.句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心.(二)给出了动词的试题.1、动词不在主语或宾语的位置首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词.然后按以下两点进行思考.若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态.[例18] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.walked away.虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed.[例20] In Logan, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模) 因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken.若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词.若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：2、作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况.[例21] …but it is not eno ugh only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book.因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize.[例22] __35__ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking.3、作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式.[例23e’ll have to work two more hours a day.因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填.[例24] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed). 因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed.4、作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词.这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号.[例25] He saw the stone, 37(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语.[例26] The headmaster went into the lab, ___40___ (follow) by the foreign guests.句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语.5、不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式.[例27] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film.[因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned.点睛技巧：语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题.做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空.1．语法填空的考查范围(1)语境测试(上下文)；(2)语法测试：动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等.①动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等；②引导词：一些从句的使用，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等；③形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换，形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等；④介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法；⑤名词、冠词：注意名词的单数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法；⑥代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系；⑦并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比的词，以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however 的用法；⑧句型：要求归纳整理，并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型，如：not...until...; not only...but (also)．..; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...；more...than...; neither...nor...；such...that...；hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等.2014高考英语语法填空高频考点考点1. 动词的时态和语态(1). The sun was setting down when my car ______ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village .(2). Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention.(3).People stepped on your feet or ______ ( push ) you with their elbows.(4).“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ________ ( inform ).(5).After a four-day journey, the young man ______ ( present ) the water to the old man.(6). He ______( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.broke； results；pushed；was informed；presented；was pretending小结：动词的时态、语态是每年的考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常1-2道题. 重点考查的是时态，且多与语态一起考查.时态理解错误在考生中是常见的，把握命题人的意图是至关重要的.1).先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，2). 谓语动词的话，判断用主动语态还是被动语态，3). 判断用那种时态（根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词）.4). 确定所填动词的形式，保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致.5). 特别注意：时态变化时不规则动词的拼写.考点2 . 非谓语动词(1). While she was getting me _______ ( settle ) into a tiny but clean room.(2). The Proverb, “ Plucking up a crop _______( help ) it grow,” is based the following story.(3). She wished that he was as easy ________ ( please ) as her mother.(4). He spit it out , ______ ( say ) it was awful.(5). --- and then I noticed a man ______ ( sit ) at the front.settled ；to help；to please；saying；sitting / sit小结：非谓语动词每年必考，至少1道题，主要考查：1). 动名词和不等式做宾语的区别；2). 非谓语动词做宾补的区别；3). 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构.解题：确定非谓语动词；（先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，所给的动词就是非谓语动词）；确定用那种非谓语动词；（在句子中作什么句子成分，结合固定搭配和习惯用法）；确定语态；（结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定填那种语态）；确定用那种时态；（非谓语动词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作生的先后关系确定时态）.考点3. 情态动词小结：情态动词主要考查：推测和可能性；情态动词+ Have done ；虚拟语气； shall, should, can 和must 所表示的特定语气.重点注意：1).must , can, could, may, might 表示可能性( 按可能性大小排列 ).2). must/ could/may/ might ( have done) 表示对发生事情的推测.3).should/ought + to + have done 表示对过去的责备.4).will/ shall 表示请求、许可.5). could /might/ should + have done 表示虚拟语气等.考点4. 冠词（1）.--- the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _____ small town some 20 kilometers away.（2）.Shopping at this time of the year was not ______ pleasant experience.（3）.A young man came across a spring of clear water, _______ water was sweet.（4）.We had _______ amazing conversation.a ;a ;the ; an小结：冠词是高考的常考点. 若空格后面的名词或形容词+ 名词前没有物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格、指示代词等限定词时，很可能填冠词.实战：1) . 如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“ 一个（本、种、杯 ------）” 时，一般填 a/an.如果可翻译成“ 这、这些、那、那些”时，一般填 the .2) . 泛指填a\an , 特指填the.3). 如果名词后面有: of 短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the.定冠词的用法比较不好记，下面的顺口溜或许能帮助大家.特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器.语法填空讲练第1篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上.According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also expressed their great concern about it. Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of adolescents.Nowadays, school violence is 31 hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, 32 calls for our great concern. We should try every effort 33 (prevent) violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school 34 their personal safety could not 35 (guarantee). In fact, violence can 36 (learn). Children learn violent behavior from adults or from 37 they see on television or on the Internet.If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence 38 violence, for it will result in 39 (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.All in all, every student should behave 40 (he) and keep away from violence.答案：文章向我们介绍了作者对校园暴力的看法.31．a 这里需要一个不定冠词表示某个的意思.32．这里要用which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，因为先行词为物，所以要用which.33．to prevent 不定式作目的状语.34．if／as long as 人身安全得不到保障是辍学的条件，所以应该用引导连接条件状语从句连词.35．be guaranteed 所给动词和其逻辑主语是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态.36．be learned 事实上；暴力是可以学的.37．what 引导一个宾语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，所以要用what.38．with 表示方式，意思是“用”.39．more 由语境可知，以暴力对付暴力，只能产生更多的暴力.40．himself behave oneself表现良好，行为良好.语法填空讲练第2篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上.In the 1950s, a family that owned a farm near Beulah, Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm (榆树). The bull paced 31 the tree, dragging the heavy iron chain, which led to a groove (槽) in the bark (树皮). The groove 32 (deep) over the years. Though for whatever reason, it did not kill the tree.33 some years, the family took their bull away. They cut the chain, leaving the loop around the tree and one link 34 (hang down).Then one year, agricultural catastrophe struck Michigan in 35 form of Dutch elm disease. All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected 36 died. Everyone thought that the old elm would be the next. The farm owners considered 37 (go) the safe thing: pulling it out and chopping it up into firewood before it died.Amazingly 38 (amazing), the tree did not die. Nobody could understand 39 it was the only elm still standing in the county. It' s said that 40 doesn' t kill you will make you stronger. Or, as a plant pathologists (病理学家 ) put it , "Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places."答案：这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章.文章通过叙述一棵老榆树大难不死的故事告诉我们这样一个道。
►专题09 代词、介词、形容词副词、情态动词等用法+高考题型组合练_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精讲【考情链接】语法填空题将语法知识的考查融千一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观，准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。
考查形式包括有提示词(4~5个)和无提示词(5~6 个)两种。
有提示词的考向主要有:名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。
【要点梳理】➢考点一：代词常考代词人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s).例1: We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers, especially ________ from one-child families, like to make net friends and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and happiness.解析：此题的正确答案为those。
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧2014上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。
本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。
本人就这种题型进行了分析，总结出十条语法填空的解题技巧。
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对代词、动词、形容词等形式变化的掌握程度。
技巧一：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。
例1：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。
从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
考点聚焦知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态be+过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。
另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例2：The king decided to see the painter by (he)．由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
考点聚焦知识体系1.人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I we you you he she it they宾格me us you you him her it them所有格形容词my our your your his her its their 性名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs反身代词myself ourself yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves其它类介词的考查方法是不给提示词的。
