科普仁爱版初中英语一般过去时和现在完成时PPT课件

现在进行时句子结构 am/is/are+doing
句子结构
肯定形式：主语+am/is/are + V-ing + ....

结构
否定形式：主语+ am/is/are not+ V-ing + ....
疑问形式：1)一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are+主语+ V-ing + ....?
2)特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+ V-ing + ...?
11．以ould结尾且读音为/ud/的情态动词过去式。 can—could，shall—should，will—would 12．把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。 come—came，become—became 13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。
Hear/hɪə /—heard/hɜ:d/， say/seɪ/—said/sed/，
动词-ing 的构成形式
一般在动词后面直接加-ing。 read --- reading sing --- singing 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e加-ing。 make --- making take --- taking 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母， 要双写这个字母,再加-ing。swim --- swimming 以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing。 lie --- lying tie --- tying die --- dying
6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。 keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept 7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。 break—broke，speak—spoke 8．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。 sell—sold，tell—told 9．动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。 stand—stood，understand—understood 10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是/ɔ :t/的过去式。 bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought， catch—caught，teach—taught

week.
had
七嘴八舌
1. I _h__a_v_e__b__e_e_n(be) busy these days. I _h_a_v_e_n_’__t__g_o_ne(not
go) to the cinema for weeks. 2. How many units _h_a_v_e__ you __l_ea_r_n_t_ (learn) so far? 3. Lily with her parents _h_a_s__g_o_n_e(go) to Sanya . They will
die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on
come / get back—be back go to town—be in town
lose—be missing
catch a cold—have a cold
close—be closed / not open open—be open
4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours. been asleep
5、When have you cleaned the classroom? did clean
It’s clean now.
6、How long have you caught a cold? had 7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last
7. They __h__a_v_e__s_t_a_y_e_d__(stay) in the park during the past
three hours.
（三）值得注意几个问题
１）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并 且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：

❖ have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一 段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一 段时间的状语。
Exercises
❖ Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。 -Where is Tom?
-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books. ❖ 我在北京待了5年了。
the past 5 years.
❖
用法二：
表示过去某个时间开始的动作 或存在的状态，一直持续到现
在并可能还将持续下去。动词
使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用
for+段时间
since+点时间
since+句子（过去时）
E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years.
Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时态
Present perfect tense 现在完成时
❖构成:
have/has + 过去分词
❖用法一：
表示过去发生的某一动作
对现在造成的影响或产生 的结果.现在完成时这一时 态强调是过去动作与现在 的联系,也就是强调现在的 影响和结果.
I lived there 2 years ago
His father has been dead for 2 years. ❖ The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)
The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.
❖ The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)

动作本身或动作的持续性、持久性。
eg：1. We’ve been looking for you everywhere.where have you been?
我们一直在到处找你，你上哪儿去了？
2. What have you been doing?
你一直在做什么？
3. I’ve been writing a laboratory report.
现在完成时连用。
eg: 1. I have not written to my parents recently. 我最近一直未给父母写信。
2. I have met him many times before.
我以前见过他多次。
2021
13
现在完成进行时 的主要用法
2021
14
表示一个持续了一段时间，刚刚结束或仍在继续进行的 动作。与现在完成时有所有同的是现在完成进行时强调
我已经学了10多年的英语。
三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.
eg：1. Have you ever been to the Summar Palace?
你曾去过颐和园吗?
2. I have never had a car.
我从未有过汽车。
2021
3
四.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time…，It’s the first time …连用。
A.went
B.have gone
C.has gone D.will go
17.She ____an actress for some time . A.was B.being
C.is
D.has been
2021

就在午夜前天开始下雨。 They talked till one o’clock this morning. 他们一直谈到深夜一点。
注意:not…..until
he didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework. He wasn’t late for class until he lost his watch. He didn’t go there until he had something to do .
Should have done 本应该干某 事而实际未干
❖You should have finished your
homework yesterday.
❖He should have repaid my money. ❖Jim should have come to college. ❖I should have come to help you
• Some • I have some money • I have some friends. • Would you like some apples? • Any • I have not any friends • Do you have any questions? • You can visit me any time. • no • I have no friends.
P100 by/till/until
• by 强调的是到某个时间前某事 已经发生，包括这个时间点在内；
•而before强调的是在某个时间点 之前，不包括这个时间点在内。
• till 则是强调动作一直持续到这 个时间点为止，有时表示动作或 状态持续时间比较长
For example:

work→worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like→liked live→lived hope→hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音 plan→planned 节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped
drop→dropped
结尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先 study→studied
一般过去时
Байду номын сангаас
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态； 过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词 前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用 助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为 动词。
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 ，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/
例子
Play→plays leave→leaves swim→swims
pass →passes fix→fixes teach→teaches wish→wishes do→does
study→studies carry→carries fly→flies
初中语法专题（一）
时态
一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时

A. watch
B. will watch
•
3C. .Jaurdeyw_a_tD_c_h_intghe
D. watches Great Wall twice,
and
now
she
still
______ to go there.
A. went to , wanted B. goes to , wants
(leave)Beijing . 4.Do you know if hew_il_l_c_o_m_e_ (come)back in three weeks .
5.A: When __d_id__ you _g_e_t__ (get ) your motorbike ?
B: I ._h_a_v_e__h_a_d_ (have) it for about a year . A: __D_o__ you d_r_i_v_e_ (drive) it much ? B: Yes. I u_s_e__ (use) it every day . A: You m_u_s_t_d_ri_v_e__ (drive)very well . I _h_a_v_e_ never l_ea_r_n_t (learn) to drive .
终止性动词表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生 后立即结束，产生某种结果，动作不能再继续 下去。Eg: come , leave , die , arrive , begin , finish , buy , borrow , open 等。
记住下列终止性动词改为延续性动词的表达法：
A. 动词改为“be + 相应的介词”
• C．从否定、疑问结构上区别 • 1．一般过去时的否定式、疑问式多是借助动词

②助动词（只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态 和语气等动词形式。） do、does/did/done
③情态动词（表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人 的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓 语动词。） can、may、could、need、must、 shoud
④系动词（后跟形容词构成系表结构）
look、taste、smell、feel、get、become
⑤实义动词（行为）动词（有完整的词义，并能单独 作谓语）
及物动词后面必须跟宾语 buy, catch, invent, found, like,
及物动词后面必须跟宾语 agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die,
Did Jane play the guitar last night?
Jane didn’t play the guitar last night.
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2. 句子构成: “主语+动词的过去式+其他”; 1) 系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was
are → were 陈述句:主语+be动词的过去式+其他 否定句:主语+be动词的过去式+not+其他 疑问句: be动词的过去式+主语+其他?
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eg： Mike was in the United States last year. Mike was not (wasn’t) in the United Stat --Was Mike in the United states? --Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
③以“辅音+y “结尾变y 为i再加-es.

10. I will go there when I _____(have, will home to the party unless he _____(be, will be, am, is, are) invited. 12. I’ll wait here until my mother ____(come, comes, will come) back. 13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you ______(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it. 14. Once you _____(see, sees, will see) him, you will never forget him.
谓语动词使用过去式形式， 加ed，分为规则和不规则变 化。表示过去经常发生的动 作，也可用“used to do ” 和“would +动词原形”。
构成规则
例子
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清 look→looked
辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读 play→played
/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。
什么情况下用？
①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在 的状态。②表示主语通常的能力、 兴趣爱好、和性格特征。③表示客 观的事实或真理。④表示按照时刻 表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。 （只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示开 始或移动意义的词。）⑤在时间状 语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用 一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句
中用一般现在时表将来。（主将 从现）

am/ is are
was were
不是所有的动词都是were was would 和 could
不是所有的句子都是在问过去是 不是这样那样？
其他的词句该怎么变化呢？
They don’t watch TV in the evening. They _d__id_n_’_t_w_a_t_c_h_ TV last night.
规则动词过去式-ed的发音
1.在以清辅音结尾的规则动词后,
-ed读作/ t / work ed
/w3:k/t/
2.在以浊辅音或原音结尾的规则动词后,
-ed读作/d /
live ed /lIv /d/
played /pleI /d/
3.在以/t/或/d/结尾的规则动词后,
-ed读作/Id /
visit ed /’vIzIt /Id/
用于一般过去时的时间状语
1.与ago 连用：
a moment
two minutes
three hours
five days
ago
one week
six months
four years
2.与last 连用
time night
last
week month
term
3.与yesterday 连用： Monday
昨天，早餐我吃面条。 I __h_a_dnoodles for breakfast yesterday morning.
他每天都吃水果。 He __h_a_s_ fruit every day.
昨天他吃了3个苹果。
He __h_a_d_ 3 apples yesterday.
have/ has