Lesson 21.wail: to say something in a loud, sad, and complaining way 大声哭叫，嚎啕大哭例：The child wailed with pain.cry: to produce tears from your eyes, usually because you are unhappy or hurt 哭，哭泣，流泪例：She cried every time she sees the movie.weep: (formal or literary) to cry, especially because you feel very sad（因悲伤而）哭泣，流泪例：She wept bitterly when her pet died.sob: to cry noisily while breathing in short, sudden bursts 啜泣，呜咽，抽噎例：A little boy was sobbing in the corner of the room.whimper: to make low crying sounds, or to speak in this way 呜咽，啜泣，抽噎地说例：”Okay,” he managed to whimper.moan: to make long low sound expressing pain, unhappiness, etc. 呻吟，呜咽例：The patient moaned all right.2.frenzy: a state of uncontrolled excitement or emotion 狂乱，疯狂，狂热例：They fell into a frenzy of helpless alarm at the news.mania: a very strong desire for something or interest in something, especially one that affects a lot of people at the same time 狂热，热衷，癖好例：The whole country is in the grip of football mania.delirium: extreme excitement 狂喜，极度兴奋hysteria: extreme excitement that makes people cry, laugh, shout, etc. uncontrollably 歇斯底里例：News of the victory produced mass hysteria.3.glisten: to shine and look wet or oily (潮湿或油亮之物) 闪光，闪耀例：His brows glistened with sweat.glitter: to shine brightly with flashing points of light 闪烁，闪光例：Her ring glitters with a big diamond.flash: to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time, or to make something shine in this way (使)闪光（闪亮）例：Why is that guy flashing his headlights at me?shimmer: to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly 发微光，闪闪发亮例：The lake shimmered in the moonlight.sparkle: to shine in small bright flashes 闪闪发光，闪耀，闪烁例：The diamond sparkled.Lesson 31.ignorant: not knowing facts or information that you ought to know 无知的，没有学识的，愚昧的例：I’m ignorant about politics.illiterate: someone who is illiterate has not learned to read or write 不识字的，文盲的例：People who have never gone to school are usually illiterate.uneducated: not educated to the usual level, or showing that someone is not well educated 没受教育的，没受良好教育的，没有教养的例：He was uneducated.unlearned: not established by conditioning or learning未受教育的，不熟练的例：Our sales director is unlearned.2.jeer: to laugh unkindly at someone to show that you strongly disapprove of them 嘲笑，嘲弄例：Of course they jeered at you—you lose the game, right?scoff: to laugh at a person or idea, and talk about them in a way that shows you think they are stupid 嘲笑，讥笑，嘲弄例：They scoffed at the idea that anything could be changed.sneer: to smile or speak in a very unkind way that show you have no respect for someone or something冷笑，讥笑，嘲笑例：He sneered at my attempt and said it was impossible to me.gibe: to say something rude or insulting which is intended to make another person look foolish 嘲笑例：”No doubt he’ll give me the chance to fight him again,” he gibed, tongue in cheek.flout: to deliberately disobey a law, rule, etc. 公然无视，违抗(法律、规定等)例：Countries that flout the agreement will have sanctions imposed on them.Lesson 41.mortal: not living for ever不会长生不死的，终有一死的例：Her father’s death reminded her that she was mortal, too.fatal: resulting in someone’s death 致命的例：The blow on his head was fatal to him.deadly: very dangerous 非常危险的例：This disease is deadly.lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death 致命的，致死的，具有杀伤力的例：In situation like this, she wishes she had a gun or some lethal weapon.2.faithful: remaining loyal to a person, belief, political party etc. and continuing to support them (对人、信仰、政党等)忠诚的，忠实的，守信的例：He is faithful to his principles.loyal: always supporting your friends, principles, country, etc. (对…)忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的例：He wanted to be loyal to his family.constant: literary loyal and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的例：Mary is one of my constant friends.staunch: giving strong, loyal support to another person, organization, belief etc. 坚定的，忠实可靠的例：They are staunch trade unionists.resolute: doing something in a very determined way because you have very strong beliefs, aims, etc. 坚定的，坚决的例：She resolutely resisted his amorous advances.Lesson 51.Fashion is the prevalent custom in dress, manners, speech, etc. of a particular place or time, especiallyas established by the dominant section of society or the leaders in the fields of art, literature, etc. Fad emphasizes the impulsive enthusiasm with which a fashion is taken up for a short time.2.Incredulous expresses a person’s unwillingness or inability to believe. Incredible usually describessomething that is too unusual or improbable to be possible, something is inconceivable.3.Passion usually implies a strong emotion that has an overpowering or compelling influence connotingparticularly sexual love or intense anger. Eagerness shows great enthusiasm, zeal, or sometimes impatience in the desire for or pursuit of something.4.Feeling,when unqualified in the context, refers to any of the subjective reactions, enjoyable orunenjoyable, that one may have in a situation and usually connotes an absence of reasoning. Emotion implies a strong feeling with physical as well as mental manifestations.5.Reveal implies a making known of something hidden or secret, as if by drawing back a veil. Showimplies putting or bringing something into sight so that it can be seen or looked at.6.Tempt expresses the influence of a powerful attraction that intends to overcome scruples or judgment.Incline refers to a more or less vague mental temperament toward some action, practice or thing.7.Exasperate implies intense irritation that exhausts one’s patience or makes one lose one’s self-control.Disappoint shows the failure to satisfy one’s hopes or expectations.8.Indulge implies a yielding to the wishes or desires of oneself or another because of a weak will or anamiable nature. Tolerate implies self-imposed restrain of one’s resistance to what if offensive or repugnant.9.Amuse shows the agreeable occupation of the mind, especially by something that appeals to the s enseof humor. Merry shows something that is full of fun and laughter.nguish means to suffer with longing. Suffer means to undergo something that is painful orunpleasurable, as injury, grief, a loss, etc.1.keen: a keen sense of smell or keen sight or hearing is an extremely good ability to smell, see, hear, etc.灵敏的，敏锐的例：Dogs have a very keen sense of smell.calculating: making careful and clever plans to get what you want, without caring about anyone else 有打算的，工于心计的，用尽心机(做利己损人之事)的例：The criminal had a cold, calculating mind.perspicacious: good at judging and understanding people and situations 明察是非的，敏锐的，有洞察力的例：It is very perspicacious of you to find the cause of the trouble so quickly.astute: able to understand situations or behavior very well and very quickly, especially so that you can get an advantage for yourself 精明的，敏锐的，狡黠的例：It is an astute move to sell just before price goes down.2.intelligent: having a high level of mental ability so that you are good at understanding ideas andthinking quickly andclearly 有智慧的，聪明的，悟性强的例：Dolphin is an intelligent animal.bright: intelligent and likely to be successful 聪颖的例：He is very bright.brilliant: extremely good, clever, or skillful 辉煌的，聪颖的，才华横溢的例：She is brilliant but her work lacks organization.clever: able to learn and understand things quickly 才思敏捷的，聪明的例：How clever he is.smart: intelligent 聪颖的，精明的，机灵的例：The new employee was smart and quick to learn.Lesson 71.dirt: any substance that makes things dirty, such as mud or dust 尘土，灰尘，烂泥，污物例：He washed the dirt off his car.filth: an extremely dirty substance 污物，污秽例：Go and wash that filth off your hands@soot: black powder that is produced when something is burnt煤烟(灰)例：There was a lot of soot up the chimney.grime: dirt that forms a black layer on surfaces (表面的)尘垢，污垢例：His face and hands were covered with grime from the coal dust.2.libido: someone’s desire to have something 欲望passion: a very strong, deeply felt emotion, especially of sexual love, of anger, or a belief in an idea or principle强烈的情感，激情(尤指性爱、愤怒或对某种思想、原则的信念)例：He spoke with passion.love: to have a strong feeling of caring for and liking someone, combined with sexual attraction 爱情，恋爱，性爱例：He was the only man she had ever loved.lust: a very strong desire to have something, usually power or money 强烈的欲望(通常指对权力或金钱的欲望)例：His lust for power will never be satisfied.Lesson 12plex refers to that which is composed of many elaborately interrelated or interconnected parts, sothat much study or knowledge is needed to understand or make use of it (a complex mechanism);complicated is applied to that which is highly complex and hence ve ry difficult to analyze, solve, or understand (a complicated problem).2.Delusion implies belief in something that is contrary to fact or reality, resulting from a deception, amisconception, or a mental disorder (to have delusion of grandeur);illusion suggests the false perception or interpretation of something external (perspective in drawing gives the illusion of depth).3.Intellectual suggests keen intelligence with interest and ability in the more advanced fields ofknowledge (the intellectual pursuits of scholars); intelligent implies the ability to learn or understand from experience or to react successfully to a new experience (an intelligent boy); clever implies quickness in learning our standing; but sometimes denotes a lack of thoroughness or depth (a clever dog).4.Probable is used to that which appears reasonable on the basis of evidence or logic but is neithercertain nor proved (the probable cause of the disease);possible applies to that which although not probable, may conceivably exist, occur, be done etc. (a possible solution to the problem); likely suggests greater probability than possible, but less credibility than probable (it is likely to rain).Lesson 141.assert: to state firmly that something is true (坚决)主张，断言例：She asserted his innocence,declare: to state officially and publicly that a particular situation exists or that something is true 宣布，表明例：The doctor finally declared that the man was dead.affirm: to state publicly that something is true 断言，申明，确认例：The general affirmed rumors of an attack.2.fragile: not strong and therefore easily broken or damaged 脆弱的，易碎的，易损坏的例：This glass dish looks very fragile.brittle: hard but easily broken 脆的，易碎的例：The branches were very dry and brittle.3.mix: if you mix two or more substances or if they mix, they combine to become a singlesubstance, and they cannot be easily separated (使)混合，搅合例：She mixed flour and milk together.mingle: if two feelings, sounds, smell, etc. mingle, they combine with each other but can stillbe recognizedseparately (使)混合例：The smell of sweat and stale cigar smoke mingled together.merge: to combine or join together to form one thing 融合；合并例：The company plans to merge its subsidiaries in the US.mon: existing in large numbers or happening often and in many places 大量的，常见的，多发的例：Heart disease is one of the commonest causes of death.general: of an ordinary kind, not one particular kind 普通的例：I spend about ten hours a week doing general cooking and cleaning.popular: liked by a lot of people 受大众喜爱的，受欢迎的例：Hilary was popular at school.。
