非谓语动词作状语(2)

分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。

To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。

Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。

【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。

The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。

Point 2 作结果状语。

常表示令人意外的结果。

Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。

结果发现他出去了。

（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。

He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。

Point 3 作原因状语。

常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。

Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。

非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1. 主要用作目的状语。

常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。

so as to 不用于居首。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。

He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。

He went to France to learn French。

他去法国学习法语。

They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。

They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。

(停下来的目的2.作结果状语。

表示出乎意料的结果。

做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。

He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。

He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。

His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。

The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。

He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

非谓语动词做状语---专题语法非谓语做状语，相对比较简单。

常见的考法是有一个逗号连接两个不完整的句子，例如：（1）To acquire some social experience, I plan to go to a foreign company to do part-time work during the summer vacation.（2016年高考英语新课标卷1书面表达）为了获得社会经验，我计划这个暑假去一家外国公司做兼职工作。

在这个例子中，非谓语部分在开头，逗号前。

（2）China’s Chang’e-4 probe has become the first spacecraft to land the far side of the moon, marking a milestone in space exploration. 中国的嫦娥4号探测器首次从月球背面成功着陆，这是太空探索的里程碑。

非谓语在逗号后。

常见的形式有以下几种：具体的考察方式分为以下几类：1. 非谓语作状语，一般情况下要看清楚与句子主语的逻辑关系（1）主动A. 作状语的非谓语动词和句子主语构成主动关系，并且动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用doing形式。

Singing songs, we headed for our school. 唱着歌，我们出发去了我们学校。

句中sing与we构成主动关系，且动作与head同时发生，故用singing。

B. 作状语的非谓语动词和句子主语构成主动关系，并且动作已完成时，用having done 的形式。

Having finished my homework, I played basketball with my classmates.完成我的作业后，我和我的同学们一起打篮球。

C. 作状语的非谓语动词和句子主语构成主动关系，并且动作未发生时，用to do的形式。

To make it easy, I explained the theory as clearly as possible.为了使这个理论简单，我尽可能清楚地解释这个理论。

非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词作为状语是指在句子中不能作谓语，但可以做状语的动词形式。

它可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等状语，可以提供句子里的信息，使句子充实而生动。

一、非谓语动词作时间状语1.由过去分词组成的状语过去分词表示过去发生的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去发生。

如：He left without saying goodbye, leaving me standing there alone.他没有说再见就走了，留下我独自站在那里。

2.由现在分词组成的状语现在分词表示正在进行的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该正在进行。

如：She comes to visit us every week, bringing us some nice food.她每周都会来看望我们，并带来一些美食。

3.由having done 组成的状语having done 表示过去已经完成的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去完成的动作之后发生。

如：Having finished the exam, he went home and had a good rest.考试结束之后，他回家好好休息了。

二、非谓语动词作原因状语由because of，due to，owing to，thanks to等引导，接名词或动词不定式，作原因状语，表示主句动作的原因。

如：Because of the heavy rain, we had to cancel our picnic.由于下雨，我们不得不取消野餐了。

三、非谓语动词作条件状语由if，unless，in case，on condition that，provided (that)，supposing (that)等引导，接动词不定式，作条件状语，表示“假设”的意思，表示主句动作的前提，即要想主句动作成立，必须满足什么条件。

非谓语动词作状语1. 作目的状语只能用不定式不定式作状语表示目的时前面可用in order或so as以示强调, 也可将不定式或in order加不定式置于句首（so as较少置于句首）。

如：To ensure the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.(上海2007春)2．不定式和动词-ing形式作结果状语不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only。

另外，还可用于too ... to ..., enough to ..., so / such ... as to等结构中。

动词-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与动词-ing形式表示的动作是因果关系。

如：He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (广东2005)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山东2005)3. 在表示时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况时，通常要用动词-ing形式或过去分词，不用不定式。

句子主语与动词-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，句子主语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。

如：Faced with a bill for $10,000, John has taken an extra job.(陕西2006)Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖北2006) 注意：（1）作方式或伴随状语时常用过去分词，习惯上不用动词-ing形式的被动式。

高考英语之非谓语动词作状语高考英语的状语在句中主要修饰动词，形容词和句子，非谓语作状语常表：目的，时间，条件，结果，伴随，原因，让步，方式等。

下面为大家作进一步讲解。

1.to do 作状语,常表目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。

（1）表目的，译为“为了“例如：——Ｉget some money from the bank to buy you a gift.我从银行取了些钱，为了给你买份礼物。

——To be admitted into a key university, he buried himself into study.为了被重点大学录取，他专心致志于学习。

解析：to do 放句首，表强调。

另外：in order to , so as to 也表目的状语。

So as to 不放句首。

（2）表结果，常使用only/just to do, 却…，表意料之外的不良后果。

so/such ……as to do如此……以至于, ……enough to do，足够，too……to太……而不能……结构。

例如：——She is such a lazy girl as not to pass the exam.她是如此懒一个女孩，（以至于）没有及格。

解析：so 用法为So + adj. +a/an +n. 。

such用法为such + a/an +adj.+ n. 。

too 后用法与so相同。

Enough 前常用adj. 和adv. 。

注：n. 表名词。

adj.表形容词。

adv. 表副词。

——She hurried to the station , only to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶到车站，却被告知，火车已经离开了。

解析：only to do ,表意料之外的事，此处told 与she 之间为被动关系。

（3）作原因状语，常用在表情感，态度等形容词后。

例如：happy,surprised ,sorry 等。

非谓语做状语的用法非谓语动词可以作状语有四种主要用法：1）动词现在分词和过去分词表示时间、条件方式让步或伴随的状况：这个用法中，如果句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，我们要用现在分词。

若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，就要使用过去分词或现代分词的被动式。

例：The crowd dispersed, chattering still about the shocking scene. 人群渐渐散去，路上人们还小声谈论着那惊人的场景。

2）动词不定式作目的状语：动词的不定式形式可以单独使用表目的，也可用在短语so as to do sth.或in order to do sth.之类里面。

如果这类的目的状语用在句首，通常后面需要加一个逗号隔开。

如：To win the election, he must make sure that the citizens support his vision for urban development. 想要赢得选举，他必须确保市民们支持他的城市发展愿景。

3）分词短语表示原因：非谓语动词作状语的这个用法可以置于句首，也可以放在句末，多用逗号隔开。

如：Seeing the effectiveness of mask wearing for preventing the spread of COVID, many European countries also started enforcing the use of masks. 看到戴口罩对预防新冠肺炎传播的有效性，许多欧洲国界也开始增强对口罩使用的要求。

4）不定式或现在分词表示结果：这两者分别在于不定式表示结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示未曾预料或令人不愉快的，不定式前常加only；现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。

例如：He rushed to his office, only to realise that it was a public holiday. 他急忙赶到了他的办公室，才想起来那天是公共假日。

2022考研英语：非谓语动词作状语的用法清明小长假来袭，这是各位考生在年后的第一个节假日，都教授提醒大家，千万不要松懈哦，头脑中学习的弦要紧绷，一旦松下来会花费更多的时间来绷紧。

下面都教授就带各位考生来学习一下非谓语动词作状语的情况以及对该状语在语言层面、逻辑层面进行解析。

在对非谓语动词作状语这类句子的理解中，包括逻辑层面和语义层面上，尤其是非谓语作状语时，考生一定要注意其充当原因或结果的可能性，因为这些在考研中经常会成为潜在的隐形考点，下面都教授就通过几个例子带大家来分析一下。

【例1】Feeling threatened , companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels , trying to anticipate every possible accident。

【解析】●语言层面感觉到收到了威胁，公司通过书写冗长的警示标签作为回应，尝试着希望能够预测到没一起可能的事故。

●逻辑层面原因：感觉受到了威胁结果：写警告作为回应表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语【例2】Fed up with increasing rates , customers , notably chemical , coal , and agribusiness companies , are complaining that these are evidence that the railroads are abusing their market power。

(Economist July , 2022)【解析】●语言层面客户们特别是化工、煤炭和农业公司，已经受够了价格的上涨，他们抱怨道：这些就是铁路部门正在滥用其市场权力的证据。

●逻辑层面原因：受够了价格的上涨。

结果：他们开始抱怨。

表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语。

【例3】Observers doubt that this aggressive target that some 40% of Prada s revenues in America will come from the internet in 5 years is realistic , nothing that it currently sells only bags , wallets and other accessories online , not its main clothing and footwear collections。

语法填空之非谓语动词作状语和补语1．分析逻辑关系(1)作状语：①表目的、出乎意料的结果或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；②表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词/过去分词；③表自然而然的结果用现在分词。

(2)作补语：根据具体结构用(to) do/doing/done①如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，且表正在进行，用doing。

②如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系，且表完成，用done。

2．牢记5种用法①不定式作宾补：allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、persuade、tell等＋sb. to do sth.。

②用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。

“look at/see/watch/notice/observe; make/let/have; hear/listen to; feel”＋sb.＋do sth.。

注意：但在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be_made_to_do。

③have sb./sth.doing “让某人/某物一直做”；have sb./sth.done “让某人/某物被做”。

④主语＋系动词＋形容词(easy、hard、impossible、important等)＋to do⑤too＋adj./adv.＋to do或adj./adv.＋enough＋to do3.固定句型识记不定式作补语：advise sb. to do allow sb. to do ask sb. to dobeg sb. to do cause sb. to do encourage sb. to do expect sb. to do forbid sb. to do force sb. to do help sb. (to) do invite sb. to do inspire sb. to do order sb. to do permit sb. to dopersuade sb. to dorequire sb. to doremind sb.to dotell sb. to dowant sb. to dowarn sb. to dowish sb. to dowait for sb. to docall on sb. to do 号召某人去做rely on sb. to do 指望某人做某事-ing 作补语catch sb. doing 发现、撞见某人做某事find sb. doing 发现某人做某事keep sb./sth. doing 使...处于...状态leave sb./sth doing 使...处于...状态课堂练习1．On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2．You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit.3．The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________ (improve) water quality.4．Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________ (stay) and watch. 5．They are required________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.6．Nervously ________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．7 ________ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.8．Ordinary soap，________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 9．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs________ (take)．10.People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.课后练习Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago,and has since put 1to good use,saving dozens of old tree stumps (树桩) from 2 (remove) by turning them into impressive works of art.Rizea became a woodcarver 3(complete) by accident.Three years ago,after buying himself a new chainsaw(链锯),he 4(start) “playing” with it on a block of wood.He tried carving a human face into the wood,and to his surprise,it turned out pretty good.Today,he is so good at woodcarving that his home city allows him to workhis magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art 5(create) in the local parks.“In 99% of the cases,the wood just doesn’t match my ideas,” he said in an interview.“I first have to remove all the rotten parts,and sometimes,6is left isn’t enough for my designs.”Following his recent rise to fame,Rizea has been asked by many 7 (city),including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks 8 works of art.He promises to honor their requests,but he will never repeat any of the artworks 9(find) in his home city.In spite of his obvious talent,the Romanian 10(art) recently got into an art school in order to fully master woodcarving.参考答案：1.it 2.being pletely4.started5.have been created6.what7.cities8.into9.found10.artist课后练习（二）How would you feel if you woke up and found your information in the computer—including your photos,your recent documents—no longer 1 (access)?What if you found out that they had been wiped from your computer, 2 (leave) you with nothing but heartache?Guess what?It happens to people every single day.Every day,people across the country head into their local Apple store in 3(tear),broken computer in hand,praying as they wait in line 4an expensive repair might,just might,recover the priceless,irreplaceable files.A few get lucky. 5for the rest,there’s nothing anyone can do 6(help).Hasn’t it happened to you?If your computer remains unprotected,it will,and it’s only 7matter of time.But thanks to recent breakthroughs in computer backup(备份) technology,you now have a number of options to choose from,and if you’re smart,when your computer 8(crash),you shouldn’t have any trouble 9(get) 100% of your files back that same day.I’m not talking about an external hard drive.I’m talking about an online backup solution that runs 10(quiet) inthe background on your computer.If you have one installed (安装),when your computer crashes,you’ll be just one click away from bringing your files back to life.参考答案：1.accessible2.leaving3.tears4.that5.But6.to help7.a8.crashes9.getting10.quietly。

非谓语作状语的5种形式非谓语动词作状语主要有以下五种形式：1. 分词作状语（现在分词和过去分词）- 现在分词表示主动和进行，通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况。

- 过去分词表示被动和完成，通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况。

Example:- (现在分词) Running in the park, I found a lost wallet.- (中文翻译) 在公园跑步时，我找到了一个丢失的钱包。

- (过去分词) Given more time, I could finish the task.- (中文翻译) 如果给我更多的时间，我就能完成这个任务。

2. 不定式作状语- 表示目的、结果或原因。

Example:- (目的) To improve my English, I read books in English every day.- (中文翻译) 为了提高我的英语水平，我每天阅读英文书籍。

- (结果) He worked hard to pass the exam, only to fail.- (中文翻译) 他努力工作以通过考试，结果却失败了。

- (原因) To see her smile is to understand her happiness.- (中文翻译) 看到她的微笑就能理解她的幸福。

3. 句子作状语- 通常是一个完整的句子，用来修饰主句，表示原因、条件、时间等。

Example:- (原因) Because it was raining, we canceled the trip.- (中文翻译) 因为下雨，我们取消了旅行。

- (条件) If it rains, we will stay at home.- (中文翻译) 如果下雨，我们就待在家里。

- (时间) When the bell rings, the class will start.- (中文翻译) 当铃声响起时，课程就开始了。

非谓语动词作状语在成份上,非谓语动词都可以作状语.在时态上,ing表"进行",ed表"完成",在语态上,ing 表"主动",ed表"被动".在概念上,ing表"抽象,习惯",不定式表"具体,偶然,将来".非谓语动词(非谓)做状语主要就是要把握非谓与主句主语的"主被动关系"和主句"动作发生的先后顺序".一般说来,在时间上,非谓的一般式与谓语动作同时发生,完成式先于谓语动作之前发生,进行式在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行.(注意否定词not要加在非谓前)eg: They had a good time at the party, singing and dancing. (一般式)(在派对上玩和唱歌跳舞是同时的,且与主语they呈主动关系)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (完成式)(排队等了半个小时后,那个老人忽然意识到自己把支票忘在车上了."排队"这个动作发生在"意识到忘带支票之前")They seemed to be eating something that they had cooked on the fire. (进行式,常常是不定式的进行式.)二.详解1. 不定式作状语表示目的,结果,原因等.其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,如果不是则要加上其自身的主语,即独立主格结构.(ing和ed也一样).不定式要把握以下几点:*表目的用不定式 eg: To finish the work before time, we'd better ask Tom for help. 为了提前完成工作,我们最好找Tom帮忙.* 动作还没发生,将来的,用不定式.*表出乎意料的结果要用不定式.eg: 我们终于到了那里,却发现没有人在那里.In the end, we arrived there only to find nobody there. (对)In the end, we arrived there only finding nodody there. (错)现在分词在句中作结果时表示意料之中的事,而不定式表意料不到的事情.2.分词作状语形式意义ing与逻辑主语呈主动关系,与主句动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生.having done与逻辑主语为主动关系,动作发生在主句动作之前.done与逻辑主语为被动关系,动作完成.being + done 与逻辑主语为被动关系,与为主动作同时发生,一般作原因状语,放名首.having been done与逻辑主语为被动关系,先于主句动作发生.eg: Given more time, he would finish the plan. 多给些时间他就能完成计划.Getting off the bus, she saw her mother. 一下车她就看见了她妈妈.Having passed the exam, she told everybody the good news.通过了考试后,她把这个好消息告诉了每个人.Having been told many times, she still couldn't understand me.跟她说了很多次她还是不能理解我的意思.Being asked to give a speech, she didn't know how to refuse.被邀做演讲时,她不知道怎么拒绝.注:以上各点也适用于非谓语动词做其它成份的情况.混合练习(按步骤:*找主语 *找主句谓语 *判断非谓与主语的主被动关系 *比较非谓和主句动作先后,对照上表来做就不容易出错了)1 _____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. ImprovedD. Having improved【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。

非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1。

主要用作目的状语。

常与 in order to do （为了或 so as to do(以便连用。

so as to 不用于居首。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。

He sat down to have a rest。

他坐下来休息。

He went to France to learn French. 他去法国学习法语.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。

They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路. （停下来的目的2。

作结果状语。

表示出乎意料的结果。

做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有：to find， to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make，to produce 等。

He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了.He woke up to find everybody gone。

他醒来发现大家都走了。

His family was too poor to support him。

他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活. The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf。

这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。

He is old enough to go to school。

他到上学年龄了.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词是指不具有谓语功能的动词形式，常常充当句子中的修饰成分，起到修饰动词、形容词、副词或名词等作用。

在英语中，非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。

本篇文章将以不定式、动名词和分词分别为依据，介绍非谓语动词作状语的用法和例句。

这些例句都是常见的日常生活和工作场景，希望能对大家的英语学习有所帮助。

（一）不定式作状语不定式是指由to加动词原形构成的动词形式，作为非谓语动词充当状语时，主要表达的是目的、结果、原因、方式、条件等语义。

1. 作目的状语不定式作目的状语常常放在句子前面，表示为了什么目的而去做某事。

- In order to finish the project on time, we worked overtime.- 为了按时完成项目，我们加班工作。

- He left early so as to catch the train.- 他早早离开以便赶上火车。

2. 作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示某个行动或决定的结果。

- He refused to help his sister, causing her great disappointment. - 他拒绝帮助妹妹，使她感到极度失望。

- She failed to complete the task, resulting in a delay.- 她未能完成任务，导致了延误。

3. 作原因状语不定式作原因状语表示为什么会发生某件事情。

- She woke up early to prepare breakfast for her family.- 她早早醒来为家人准备早餐。

- John stayed up late to finish his homework.- 约翰熬夜完成他的作业。

4. 作方式状语不定式作方式状语表示行动的方式。

- He drove carefully to avoid accidents on the icy road.- 他小心地驾驶以避免在冰路上发生事故。

非谓语动词作状语例句
1. 她坐在河边垂钓，静静地等待鱼儿上钩。

2. 他推开门，一边笑着一边走进了屋子。

3. 放学后，他和朋友们一起打篮球，汗流浃背地奔跑着。

4. 她一边吃着早餐，一边浏览报纸上的新闻。

5. 他经过公园，看到一群小孩在草地上疯跑。

6. 在参观博物馆时，她拿出相机记录下了每个展品。

7. 他站在舞台上，挥着手向观众致意。

8. 爸爸开车带我们去郊外游玩，一路上欢声笑语地唱歌。

9. 她躺在沙滩上晒太阳，闭上眼睛享受着悠闲的时光。

10. 妈妈忙着做饭，同时还指示我们收拾房间。

非谓语作状语结构非谓语动词，顾名思义就是不作谓语的动词本质上也是由动词变过来的，但是为了区别它与动词，就在它的形式上与动词有区别。

非谓语动词有三种变形to do 也就是不定式doing 现在分词/动名词done过去分词按照大体的词性，可以分成三类，动名词，不定式，分词(过去分词和现在分词)非谓语在句中的作用就是做除谓语以外的其他句子成分，如主语，宾语，表语，宾补，状语，定语，同位语。

非谓语作状语的知识如下：状语，是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词以及句子的原因，方式，时间，地点，目的，程度，等等等。

非谓语只有分词和不定式可以作状语，(动名词不能做状语，顾名思义动名词，把动词变成名词的性质，那就相当于一个名词，名词是不能做状语的。

一般常见做状语的是副词。

)先说不定式作状语表原因，目的，结果(谐音记忆：不(不定式)状(状语)，因目果意思就是，为什么不说话，因为我的眼睛只有苹果)〔1〕不定式作原因状语关键点是：基本结构中的主系表，表语是有表示心情状态形容词充当，如：开心，伤心……例：I am so happy to see you.因为见到你我很高兴〔2〕不定式作目的状语这个不用我说，大家一看到不定式，最开始想的就是目的状语例：I study hard to server people well.我努力学习是为了更好地服务人民。

〔3〕不定式作结果状语关键点：意料之外的结果例：I hurried to school, only to find the gate locked.我急急忙忙去学校，结果发现门锁了。

分词作状语〔主动用doing，被动用done〕表原因，条件，时间，让步，方式，伴随，结果。

〔谐音巧记：因挑食(时间)让柿(方式)拌着果〕〔1〕分词作原因状语例：Being ill, he didn't go to school.因为生病了，他没去学校。

主语是he，他与ill的关系是他生病，主动，用现在分词。

非谓语动词作状语一、读下列例句，体会句子表达的意义1. 动词不定式作状语To learn English well, he went to England.In order to achieve the aim, we must learn from other countries.常可与in order to (为了)或so as to (以便)连用。

总结：1）目的状语He ran to the station only to find the train had left.His father died, leaving him a lot of debts.总结：2）结果状语动词不定式和ving形式作结果状语区别：1) 动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only连用构成only to do sth2) 动词ing形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的情况或结果。

We are excited to hear the news.总结：3)原因状语To turn to the left, you could find a post office.总结：4) 条件状语2. 动词ing形式作状语可表示原因.结果.条件.让步.方式伴随等，可转化为相应的状语从句Walking out of the room, he saw the boy still there.= when he walked out of the room, he...总结：1) 表时间Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.= Because he was ill, he...总结：2) 表原因His father died, leaving him a lot of money.= his father died and left him ...总结：3) 表结果(并列谓语)Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=if you work hard at your lessons, you...总结：4) 表条件Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Athough they knew all this, they...总结：5) 表让步He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= He lay on the grass and stared at the ...总结：6) 方式.伴随或补充说明(并列结构）3. 过去分词ed作状语过去分词做状语可表示被动和完成的动作。

非谓语动词做状语（1）不定式to do 做状语1.She has been making efforts in order to prove herself2.Nice to meet you . We are glad to hear the news．3. He rushed to XueDa only to find the teacher hadn’t arrived yet.He was stuck in snow, missing the plane to Shanghai .和动词不定式固定搭配表结果的：too……to, enough…to ，so…as to…，only to doTom is too young to go to school. He is brave enough to catch a snakeHe tried to cover the facts only to let them outv-ing做状语与v-ed做状语1）v-ing作状语时，v-ing的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

He went out shutting the door behind him. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. v-ed作状语时，v-ed表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the city looks beautiful.★非谓语作状语时，动词一定要和主语保持一致。