SecretsOfRE_Chap10_2
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中英文对照学习版Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban《哈利波特与阿兹卡班囚徒》Chapter Twenty-OneHermione’s Secret第21章赫敏的秘密‘Shocking business ... shocking ... miracle none of them died ... never heard the like ... by thund er, it was lucky you were there, Snape ...’“真是骇人听闻……骇人听闻……他们一个都没死,真是奇迹……从没听说过这种事……我的天呐,幸亏你在那儿,斯内普……”‘Thank you, Minister.’“谢谢您,部长。
”‘Ord er of Merlin, Second Class, I'd say. First Class, if I can wangl e it!’“梅林爵士团勋章,二级,我敢保证。
一级,如果我能争取到的话!”‘Thank you very much ind eed, Minister.’“非常感谢您,部长。
”‘Nasty cut you've got there ... Black's work, I suppose?’“你这伤口很严重啊……是布莱克干的吧?”‘A s a matter of fact, it was Potter, Weasl ey and Granger, Minister ...’“实际上是波特、韦斯莱和格兰杰,部长……”‘No!’“不会吧!”‘Black had bewitched them, I saw it immediately. A Confundus Charm, to judge by their behaviour. They seemed to think there was a possibility he was innocent. They weren't responsibl e for their actions. On the other hand, their interference might have permitted Black to escape ... they obviously thought they were going to catch Black singl e-hand ed. They've got away with a great d eal before now ... I'm afraid it's given them a rather high opinion of themselves ... and of course Potter has always been allowed an extraordinary amount of licence by the Headmaster -’“布莱克蛊惑了他们,我立刻就看出来了。
英语作文大自然的秘密Nature holds countless secrets, each more fascinating than the last. From the microscopic world of bacteria to the vast expanses of the cosmos, the mysteries of nature are endless. Let's explore a few of these secrets in this essay.The Language of TreesTrees communicate with each other through a complex underground network. They send signals and nutrients to one another, helping each other to survive and thrive. This underground web of life is a secret language of nature that has only recently been discovered by scientists.The Migration of MonarchsEvery year, the Monarch butterfly embarks on an epic journey, traveling thousands of miles from North America to Mexico. This incredible feat of navigation is a testament to the innate abilities of these small creatures, and the secrets of their migration are still being unraveled.The Camouflage of ChameleonsChameleons are masters of disguise, able to change their color to blend in with their surroundings. Their ability to shift hues is not just for camouflage; it also serves as a form of communication. The secrets of their color-changing abilities are rooted in the microscopic structures of their skin.The Echolocation of BatsBats navigate the night sky using a form of sonar known as echolocation. They emit high-pitched sounds that bounce off objects and return to them, allowing them to map out their environment. This is a secret of nature that has inspired technologies used by humans, such as radar.The Intelligence of DolphinsDolphins are known for their playful behavior and high intelligence. They have complex social structures and are capable of problem-solving and communication. The secrets of their intelligence are still being studied, revealing more about the cognitive abilities of non-human species.The Adaptability of BacteriaBacteria are the ultimate survivors, able to adapt to a wide range of environments. They can develop resistance to antibiotics, which is a secret of nature that poses a significant challenge to human health. Understanding how bacteria adapt can help us combat these superbugs.The Symbiotic RelationshipsNature is full of symbiotic relationships where different species live together for mutual benefit. For example, bees and flowers have a relationship where bees get nectar and in return, they pollinate the flowers. These relationships are a secret of nature that ensures the survival of both species.The Mysteries of the Deep SeaThe deep sea is one of nature's best-kept secrets. It is home to strange and wondrous creatures that have adapted to theextreme conditions of darkness and pressure. The secrets ofthis alien world are slowly being revealed through deep-sea exploration.In conclusion, the secrets of nature are as diverse as the natural world itself. From the microscopic to the macroscopic, from the terrestrial to the aquatic, each secret teaches us something new about the interconnectedness and complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore and learn, weuncover more of the intricate tapestry that is our natural world.。
自深深处英文有声书I recently had the pleasure of listening to an audiobook in English called "Into the Deep." The book brought me on a journey of self-discovery and introspection as I followed the protagonist's struggles and triumphs. The author's vivid descriptions and engaging storytelling kept me hooked from start to finish.最近我有幸听了一本英文有声书,名为《Into the Deep》。
这本书带领我一起踏上了自我探索和内省的旅程,跟随着主人公的挣扎和胜利。
作者生动的描述和引人入胜的叙述让我从头到尾都着迷不已。
The protagonist, a young woman named Emily, faces a series of challenges that force her to confront her deepest fears and insecurities. Through her journey, I couldn't help but reflect on my own struggles and how I have dealt with similar situations in my life. Emily's determination and resilience inspired me to face my own fears head-on and strive for personal growth.主人公是一个年轻的女子,名叫艾米莉,她面临一系列挑战,迫使她直面自己最深的恐惧和不安。
播放秘密的作文英文Title: Unveiling Secrets: An Exploration of the Power of Secrets in Human Interaction。
Secrets have always held a mysterious allure, captivating our minds and intriguing our senses. From childhood whispers to clandestine affairs, secrets permeate our lives in multifaceted ways, shaping our relationships, influencing our decisions, and sometimes even defining who we are. In this discourse, we delve into the enigmatic realm of secrets, exploring their significance, their impact, and the intricacies of their concealment.At the heart of the secret lies its duality—a delicate balance between concealment and revelation. It is this dichotomy that lends secrets their power, for they possess the potential to both bind and divide. In intimate relationships, secrets can serve as the glue that binds two individuals together, fostering a sense of trust and exclusivity. Yet, they also have the capacity to sow seedsof doubt and suspicion, creating rifts that threaten to tear relationships apart. Thus, the decision to disclose or withhold a secret becomes a nuanced calculation, influenced by factors such as trust, vulnerability, and the perceived consequences of revelation.One of the most profound effects of secrets lies in their ability to shape our identities and perceptions of others. We are often defined by the secrets we keep—our hidden desires, fears, and insecurities shaping the masks we present to the world. In turn, our perception of others is colored by the secrets they harbor, leading us to speculate about their true intentions and motivations. This interplay of secrets and perceptions underscores the complexity of human relationships, reminding us that what lies beneath the surface is often far more intriguing than what meets the eye.Yet, despite their allure, secrets can also exact a heavy toll on those who bear them. The burden of secrecy weighs heavily on the soul, fostering feelings of guilt, shame, and isolation. In a world where authenticity isprized above all else, the act of concealing one's true self can feel like a betrayal of the self. Moreover, the fear of discovery looms large, casting a shadow over every interaction and decision. In this sense, secrets become a prison of our own making, constraining us with invisible chains forged from deception and deceit.Nevertheless, it would be remiss to overlook the potential benefits of secrets, for they can also serve as catalysts for growth and transformation. In the privacy of our innermost thoughts, secrets provide a sanctuary where we can explore our deepest desires and confront our greatest fears. They offer us the freedom to experiment with different facets of our identity, unfettered by the judgments of others. Moreover, the act of sharing a secret can be an act of profound intimacy, forging connections that transcend the superficialities of everyday life.In conclusion, secrets occupy a unique and complex place in the tapestry of human experience. They are simultaneously a source of fascination and dread, a testament to the depth and complexity of our inner worlds.Whether we choose to embrace them or cast them aside, one thing remains clear: secrets will always hold sway over the human imagination, beckoning us into the shadows in search of the truths that lie hidden within.。
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。
纪录片秘密的英语作文Title: Unraveling the Secrets: A Documentary Review。
"Secrets" hold an enigmatic allure in the human psyche, often prompting curiosity and intrigue. Recently, I had the pleasure of watching a documentary that delved deep into the realm of secrets, exploring their impact on individuals and societies. This documentary, aptly titled "Secrets Unveiled," brought to light various facets of secrets, shedding light on their nature, implications, and the human urge to uncover them.The documentary began by posing fundamental questions: What defines a secret? Why do humans keep secrets? These questions set the stage for a profound exploration of the human condition. One of the key insights gleaned from the documentary was the dual nature of secrets—they can be both empowering and burdensome. While some secrets empower individuals by providing a sense of control or identity, others weigh heavily, causing emotional turmoil andisolation.The documentary artfully portrayed real-life accountsof individuals grappling with secrets. One poignant story featured a woman who had kept her true identity hidden for years, fearing rejection and judgment. Her journey towards self-acceptance and the eventual revelation of her secret underscored the documentary's theme of liberation through disclosure. This narrative arc resonated deeply,highlighting the universal desire for authenticity and connection.Moreover, "Secrets Unveiled" delved into the societal impact of secrets. It explored how institutional secrecy, such as government secrets or corporate scandals, can shape public discourse and influence collective perceptions. The documentary raised thought-provoking questions about the balance between transparency and privacy in various domains, sparking conversations about accountability and trust.One particularly compelling segment of the documentary focused on the psychology of secrets. It delved into thecognitive and emotional processes involved in secret-keeping, highlighting the tension between the urge to conceal and the need for disclosure. Through expert interviews and psychological analyses, the documentary offered valuable insights into the complexities of human behavior regarding secrets.Furthermore, "Secrets Unveiled" examined the role of secrets in art, literature, and culture. It showcased how secrets have inspired creativity and storytellingthroughout history, serving as powerful narrative devices. By weaving together artistic interpretations and historical anecdotes, the documentary underscored the enduring fascination with secrets across different eras and cultures.In terms of cinematography and production value, "Secrets Unveiled" excelled in capturing the essence of secrecy. The use of lighting, music, and visual symbolism enhanced the storytelling, creating an immersive viewing experience. The documentary's pacing was well-balanced, allowing viewers to absorb the complexities of its subject matter without feeling overwhelmed.In conclusion, "Secrets Unveiled" is a captivating exploration of the multifaceted nature of secrets. Through compelling narratives, insightful analysis, and artistic presentation, the documentary offers a rich tapestry of perspectives on secrecy. It prompts viewers to reflect on their own relationships with secrets, fostering a deeper understanding of human psychology and society. Overall, "Secrets Unveiled" is a must-watch for anyone intrigued by the mysteries that lie beneath the surface of our lives.。
我的秘密英语作文Title: My Secret。
Everyone has secrets. Some are small and harmless, like a hidden stash of candy, while others are more significant, holding the power to change lives. In this essay, I'll delve into the concept of secrets, exploring their nature, significance, and impact on our lives.Firstly, let's discuss what secrets are. Secrets are pieces of information that are deliberately kept hidden from others. They can range from personal thoughts and feelings to actions and events that we wish to conceal. Secrets can be kept for various reasons, including fear of judgment, protection of privacy, or simply because they hold sentimental value to us.One of the most intriguing aspects of secrets is their significance in our lives. They can serve as a form of power, granting us control over information and how it isperceived by others. Secrets can also foster intimacy and trust within relationships, as sharing a secret can create a bond of confidentiality between individuals. However, secrets can also be burdensome, weighing heavily on our conscience and causing stress and anxiety.Now, let's consider the impact of secrets on our mental and emotional well-being. While some secrets may be harmless, others can have a profound effect on our mental health. Keeping a significant secret can lead to feelings of guilt, shame, and isolation. It can also strain relationships, as the burden of secrecy creates barriers to honest communication and trust.In my own experience, I have grappled with the weight of a secret that I have kept hidden for some time. It has been a source of inner turmoil, causing me to question my values and integrity. Despite the temptation to confide in others, I have chosen to keep this secret to myself, fearing the potential consequences of disclosure.As I reflect on my secret, I realize the importance ofcarefully considering the implications of sharing or keeping it hidden. While revealing the truth may bring temporary relief, it could also have far-reaching consequences that cannot be undone. Conversely, keeping a secret may preserve the status quo but at the cost of internal conflict and emotional strain.In conclusion, secrets are a complex and multifaceted aspect of human nature. They can hold both power and vulnerability, shaping our relationships and influencing our mental and emotional well-being. While some secrets may be harmless, others carry significant weight and require careful consideration of their impact. Ultimately, whether to keep or share a secret is a deeply personal decisionthat requires introspection and consideration of the consequences.。
不让人知道的秘密英语作文Title: Keeping Secrets: The Art of Concealing Truths。
In the realm of human interaction, secrets often play a significant role, shrouding aspects of our lives in mystery and intrigue. Whether out of necessity, discretion, or personal choice, the act of concealing information can be both a burden and a privilege. In this essay, we delve into the intricacies of keeping secrets and explore the nuances of secrecy in various contexts.To begin with, secrets serve as a mechanism for maintaining privacy and safeguarding sensitive information. Individuals may withhold certain details about their personal lives to protect themselves or others from potential harm or judgment. This could involve concealing past mistakes, unconventional preferences, or private struggles that they deem too delicate to share openly. By keeping such secrets, individuals exercise control over their narrative and preserve a sense of autonomy in theirrelationships and social interactions.Furthermore, secrets can also be a source of power and leverage in interpersonal dynamics. In professional settings, for instance, employees may possess confidential knowledge or insights that give them a competitive edge or bargaining leverage over their peers or rivals. Similarly, in politics and diplomacy, governments may engage in covert operations or withhold classified information to manipulate outcomes or maintain strategic advantage on the global stage. In these contexts, the ability to keep secrets is not only valued but often essential for achieving desired outcomes and preserving national interests.However, the act of keeping secrets is not without its ethical considerations and moral dilemmas. While some secrets may be innocuous or benign, others can have far-reaching consequences, causing harm or injustice if revealed or kept hidden. For instance, concealing evidence of wrongdoing or withholding information that could prevent harm to others may betray ethical principles and compromise the integrity of individuals or institutions involved.Moreover, the burden of secrecy can weigh heavily on those entrusted with confidential information, leading tofeelings of guilt, anxiety, or isolation as they navigate the complexities of truth and deception.In relationships, the dynamics of secrecy can profoundly impact trust and intimacy between partners, friends, or family members. While some level of privacy is essential for maintaining autonomy and individuality within relationships, excessive secrecy or deception can erode trust and breed suspicion. Secrets kept from loved ones, whether out of fear, shame, or a desire to protect them, can create barriers to open communication and hinder genuine connection. Ultimately, the choice to disclose or withhold information in relationships requires careful consideration of the potential consequences and the underlying motivations driving secrecy.Moreover, the digital age has transformed the landscape of secrecy, presenting new challenges and opportunities for concealing information. With the proliferation of social media, online communication platforms, and data encryptiontechnologies, individuals have greater means to protecttheir privacy and control the dissemination of personal information. However, this also raises concerns about the erosion of privacy rights and the potential for abuse of power by corporations and governments seeking to exploit personal data for profit or surveillance purposes.In conclusion, the art of keeping secrets is a multifaceted phenomenon shaped by individual values,societal norms, and the complexities of human relationships. While secrecy can serve as a means of protection, empowerment, or privacy, it also carries ethical responsibilities and moral implications that warrantcareful consideration. As we navigate the intricacies of truth and deception in our lives, it is essential to strike a balance between transparency and discretion, recognizing the power and limitations of secrecy in shaping ourpersonal and collective experiences.。
A QUICK-GUIDE FOR CITATION: TURABIANThis quick guide provides selected examples of frequently used citation formats. For additional examples, consult the complete style manual, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th edition, available at the Reference Desk.Turabian format maintains a minimum 1 inch margin on all sides, on all pages. Indentation is 6 to 8 spaces.1. Book, single author (17.1.1):Example of a bibliographic entry:Schuller, Gunther. The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 1930-1945 New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1989.Example of note:1.Gunther Schuller, The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 1930-1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 89.2. Book, two or more authors (17.1.1):Examples of a bibliographic entry:Giddins, Gary and Scott DeVeaux. Jazz. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.Burkholder, J. Peter, Donald J. Grout and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music, 8th ed. New York: W. W.Norton, 2010.Example of note:2. Gary Giddins and Scott DeVeaux, Jazz (New York: W.W. Norton, 2009), 445.3. Editor or translator in addition to an author (17.1.1):Example of a bibliographic entry:Grout, Donald J. A History of Western Music, Edited by Peter J. Burkholder and Claude V. Palisca. 8th ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.Editor or translator in addition to an author (17.1.1) –cont.:Example of note:3. Donald J. Grout, A History of Western Music, 8th ed., ed. Peter J. Burkholder and Claude V. Palisca (New York: W.W. Norton, 2009), 35-53.4. Chapter and other titled parts of a book (17.1.8):Example of a bibliographic entry:Szwed,John. “Vamp.” In So What: The Life of Miles Davis. 1-5. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002.Example of note:4. John Szwed, “Vamp,” i n So What: The Life of Miles Davis (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002), 1-5.5. Journal Article (17.2.2):Example of a bibliographic entry:Dorian, Patrick C., “Confessions of a Sideman –or– A View from the Side (and the Back): How Spanish Jazz Producer Jordi Suñol Moved the 18 Musicians of the Phil Woods Big Band Relatively Unscathed in and out of8 European Countries 17 Times, on 20 Planes and 15 Buses, Performing 21 Sets of Music in 23 Days (andNight) –or– How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bus,” Jazz Educators Journal 31, no. 6 (May 1999): 15-56.Example of note:Patrick C. Dorian “Confessions of a Sideman –or– A View from the Side (and the Back): How Spanish Jazz Producer Jordi Suñol Moved the 18 Musicians of the Phil Woods Big Band Relatively Unscathed in and out of 8European Countries 17 Times, on 20 Planes and 15 Buses, Performing 21 Sets of Music in 23 Days (and Night) –or– How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bus,” Jazz Educators Journal 31, no. 6(May 1999): 14-56.6. Journal Article, online (17.2.7):Example of a bibliographic entry:Bohlman, Philip V. "Musicology as a Political Act." Journal of Musicology 11, no. 41 (August 1993): 411- 436./stable/764020 (accessed March 28, 2011).Journal Article, online (17.2.7) –cont.:Example of note:6. Philip V. Bohlman, “Musicology as a Political Act,” Journal of Musicology 11, no. 41 (August 1993): 411- 436, /stable/764020 (accessed March 28, 2011).*ALWAYS include the stable link when referencing an online source. DO NOT copy the link from the address bar and paste that into the citation. If you are using an article database, there will almost always be a link or button to the “persistent”, “stable” or “perma” link.**ALWAYS remove hyperlink.7. Magazine Article, print (17.3):Example of a bibliographic entry:Coss, Bill. "Cecil Taylor’s Struggle f or Existence: Portrait of The Artist as a Coiled Spring." Downbeat, October 26, 1961.Example of a bibliographic entry (online magazine):Coss, Bill. "Cecil Taylor’s Struggle f or Existence: Portrait Of The Artist As A Coiled Spring." Downbeat, October 26, 1961: 30 pars. /default.asp?sect=stories&subsect=story_detail&sid=890 (accessed April 12, 2011).Example of note (online magazine):7.Bill Coss, “Cecil Taylor’s Struggle for Existence: Portrait of the Artist as a Coiled Spring.”Downbeat, October 26, 1961, 30 pars. /default.asp?sect=stories&subsect=story_detail&sid=890 (accessed April 12, 2011).**ALWAYS remove hyperlink8. Newspaper article, print (17.4):* in most cases only cite articles from daily papers in notes –but if possible weave into text See below.…In a Daily Variety article (October 4, 2001) Richard Ginnell mentions some of Coltrane’s more notable contributions to the jazz world.Newspaper article, print (17.4) –cont.:Example of note:8. Richard S. Ginnell, "The John Coltrane Tribute: 75th Anniversary," Daily Variety, October 4, 2001.9. Sound Recording (17.8.4):Example of a bibliographic entry:Coltrane, John. A Love Supreme.Impulse Records 000061002. CD, 1964.Example of note:9. Miles Davis, Kind of Blue, “Freddie Freeloader,”Sony Records 64935 (CD), 1959.10. Encyclopedia Reference (17.5.3):Examples of a bibliographic entry:Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. “World War I.”The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Edited by Bruno Nettl and Ruth M. Stone. New York: Garland, 1998- 2002.Example of note:10.Johannes Tall, "Estonia," in The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, eds. Bruno Nettl and Ruth M. Stone(New York: Garland, 1998-2002).11. Online Encyclopedia Reference (17.5.3):Examples of a bibliographic entry:Grove Music Online, s.v. "Sibelius, Jean," /index.html?authstatuscode=200 (accessed September 18, 2011).Adams, Stephen. s.v. “Schafer, R. Murray.” Grove Music Online. (accessed November 19, 2007).Online Encyclopedia Reference (17.5.3) –cont.:Example of note:11. Grove Music Online, s.v. “Schafer, R. Murray” (by Stephen Adams), (accessed November 19, 2007).11. Book Review:Example of a bibliographic entry:Midelfort, H.C. Erik. Review of Witchcraft, Magic, and Culture, 1736-1951, by Owen Davies. Journal of Social History 35, no. 1 (Fall 2001) : 210-211.Example of note:12. H.C. Erik Midelfort, review of Witchcraft, Magic, and Culture, 1736-1951, by Owen Davies,Journal of Social History 35, no. 1 (Fall 2001) : 210-211.12. Oral History Interview (17.6.3)*:Example of a bibliographic entry:Adams, Helen. 1974. Interview by Sara McAllister, 8 July. Tape recording. Marshall University Oral History Collection, Huntington, West Virginia.Example of note:13. Helen Adams, interview by Sara McAllister, tape recording, 8 July 1974, Marshall UniversityOral History Collection, Huntington, West Virginia.*This is the basic format for an interview citation, though the citation itself varies with the interview. Please refer to Turabian for more specific details.。
蜜罐里的秘密感恩类英语作文英文回答:Gratitude is a powerful emotion that can have aprofound impact on our lives. When we feel grateful, we are acknowledging the good things in our lives and appreciating the people who make them possible. This can lead tofeelings of happiness, joy, and contentment.There are many ways to cultivate gratitude. One way isto simply pay attention to the good things in your life. Take time each day to notice the things that make you happy, and express your appreciation for them. This could be anything from a beautiful sunset to a kind word from a friend.Another way to cultivate gratitude is to keep agratitude journal. Each day, write down three things that you are grateful for. This can help you to focus on the positive aspects of your life and to appreciate the thingsthat you have.Gratitude can also be expressed through actions. Oneway to show your gratitude is to help others. When you help others, you are not only making a difference in their lives, but you are also making a difference in your own. Helping others can make you feel good about yourself and can strengthen your relationships with others.Gratitude is a powerful emotion that can have apositive impact on our lives. By cultivating gratitude, we can focus on the good things in our life and appreciate the people who make them possible. This can lead to feelings of happiness, joy, and contentment.中文回答:感恩是一种强有力的情感,它会对我们的生活产生深远的影响。
我该如何保守秘密英语作文How to Keep a Secret。
Keeping a secret is an important skill that can help build trust and maintain healthy relationships. Whetherit's a personal secret or a professional one, knowing how to keep information confidential is crucial. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of keeping secrets and provide some tips on how to do so effectively.First and foremost, it's important to understand why keeping a secret is so important. When someone confides in you, they are trusting you with sensitive information that they may not want others to know. By keeping their secret, you are showing that you respect and value their trust. Breaking that trust can not only damage your relationship with that person, but it can also have wider implications. For example, if you work in a professional setting, leaking confidential information can have legal and ethical consequences.So, how can you effectively keep a secret? The first step is to understand the gravity of the information you have been entrusted with. Take a moment to consider the potential consequences of sharing this information with others. Is it something that could harm someone's reputation or livelihood? If so, it's best to keep it to yourself.Next, it's important to be mindful of who you share the secret with. Even if you trust someone implicitly, it's always possible that they may let something slip unintentionally. It's best to err on the side of caution and keep the secret to yourself unless absolutely necessary to share it with someone else.In addition, it's important to be mindful of your own behavior. If you are in possession of a secret, try to avoid discussing the topic with others or behaving in a way that could draw attention to the information you are trying to keep confidential. This could include avoiding certain conversations or social media posts that couldinadvertently reveal the secret.Finally, it's important to be prepared for thepossibility that you may be asked directly about the secret. In these situations, it's best to be honest withoutdivulging the confidential information. You can politely decline to answer the question or simply state that it'snot your place to share that information.In conclusion, keeping a secret is an important skill that requires trust, respect, and discretion. By understanding the gravity of the information, being mindful of who you share it with, and being cautious of your own behavior, you can effectively keep a secret and maintainthe trust of those who confide in you. Remember, a secretis a precious thing, and it's important to treat it as such.。
Curiosity has always been a driving force in human nature, propelling us to explore the unknown and uncover secrets that lie just beyond our reach. From childhood, Ive been captivated by the allure of secrets, and my journey to uncover them has been both thrilling and enlightening.Growing up in a small town, I was surrounded by a community where everyone seemed to know everyone elses business. It was in this environment that my fascination with secrets truly blossomed. I remember the first time I overheard a hushed conversation between my parents about a family secret. It was a moment that sparked my curiosity, and I found myself wondering what other secrets were being kept from me.As I grew older, my interest in secrets expanded beyond my own family. I began to notice the subtle glances exchanged between neighbors, the whispered words in the school corridors, and the unspoken rules that governed our small community. It was as if there was an entire hidden world operating just beneath the surface of everyday life, and I was determined to uncover it.My pursuit of secrets led me to read voraciously, devouring novels, biographies, and historical accounts that promised to reveal the hidden truths of the world. I found myself drawn to stories of spies, secret societies, and unsolved mysteries. Each book was a gateway to a new world of secrets, and I was eager to explore them all.One of the most significant secrets I discovered during my reading was the existence of the Enigma code used by the Nazis during World War II. Thestory of how a team of brilliant mathematicians and cryptanalysts managed to crack the code and turn the tide of the war was nothing short of extraordinary. It was a testament to the power of human ingenuity and the importance of uncovering secrets in the pursuit of justice and truth.In high school, my fascination with secrets took a more personal turn when I became involved in a local theater group. We were preparing for a production of The Importance of Being Earnest, a play filled with secrets, mistaken identities, and hidden truths. As I delved into the script, I found myself identifying with the characters who were trying to uncover the secrets that lay at the heart of the story. It was a role that allowed me to channel my own curiosity and passion for secrets into a creative and engaging performance.As I reflect on my journey to uncover secrets, I realize that it has taught me valuable lessons about the world and myself. Secrets can be powerful, but they can also be dangerous. They can bring people together or drive them apart. They can reveal the best and worst of human nature. But most importantly, they have shown me that the pursuit of knowledge and truth is a neverending journey that can lead to personal growth and a deeper understanding of the world around us.In conclusion, the allure of secrets has been a constant companion throughout my life, guiding me on a path of discovery and selfdiscovery. It has taught me to question, to explore, and to seek out the hidden truths that lie just beneath the surface. And while some secrets may remainforever hidden, the journey to uncover them is a rewarding one that has shaped who I am today.。
秘密英语作文In the quiet solitude of my room, I discovered a secret that has the power to change the course of my life. It was an English composition book, hidden under a pile of old photographs and forgotten memories. The pages were filled with the musings of a young mind, exploring the depths of language and the intricacies of human emotion.The first entry was dated three years ago, a simple narrative about a day at the park. The words were basic, the sentences short and unadorned. Yet, there was a raw honesty in the description of the rustling leaves and the laughter of children playing. It was a stark contrast to the polished essays I had been writing lately, filled with complex vocabulary and sophisticated structures.As I flipped through the pages, I noticed a gradual transformation. The vocabulary expanded, the sentences grew longer and more complex. It was fascinating to see the evolution of my writing skills, the growth of my linguistic prowess. Each entry was a testament to my journey, a silent witness to my struggles and triumphs.But it was the last entry that truly captivated me. It was an essay on the power of secrets, written with a maturity and depth that surprised me. The essay spoke of the burden of keeping secrets, the weight they carry, and the relief that comes with sharing them. It was a reflection of my own life,a mirror to my own experiences.This secret English composition book was more than just a collection of words on paper. It was a diary of my growth, a chronicle of my development as a writer and as a person. It was a reminder that every word we write, every sentence we craft, is a step forward in our journey of self-discovery.In the end, the secret was not the book itself, but the lessons it held. It taught me the importance of authenticity in writing, the value of simplicity in expression, and the power of words to reveal our deepest selves. It was a secret that I would carry with me, a treasure that would guide me in my pursuit of the written word.。
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Privacy is a treasure that we all hold dear in our modern society.It is the right to be free from intrusion,to keep personal information confidential,and to maintain a sense of individuality in a world that increasingly seeks to connect and share every aspect of our lives.In the digital age,the value of privacy has become even more significant.With the rise of social media,online transactions,and the Internet of Things,our personal data is more vulnerable than ever before.Cybersecurity breaches and data leaks have become commonplace,leading to a heightened awareness of the importance of protecting our privacy.The concept of privacy extends beyond just the digital realm.It also encompasses our physical spaces and interactions.For example,the right to privacy in ones home is a fundamental aspect of personal freedom.No one should have the right to enter or monitor a persons home without consent,as this infringes upon the individuals sense of security and autonomy.Moreover,privacy is essential for fostering creativity and personal growth.When we have the space to express ourselves freely without fear of judgment or exposure,we are more likely to explore new ideas and develop as individuals.This is particularly important in a society that values innovation and selfexpression.However,the pursuit of privacy must be balanced with the need for transparency and accountability,especially in matters of public interest.For instance,government officials and public figures should be subject to a certain level of scrutiny to ensure that they are acting in the best interests of the people they serve.In conclusion,privacy is a treasure that must be carefully guarded and respected.It is a fundamental right that allows us to maintain our individuality,protect our personal information,and foster personal growth.As we navigate the complexities of the modern world,it is crucial that we continue to advocate for and uphold the value of privacy.。
<Hannibal509@>译第十章 抗逆向工程技术(中) Confusing Disassemblers搞晕反汇编器Fooling disassemblers as a means of preventing or inhibiting reversers is not a particularly robust approach to antireversing, but it is popular none the less. The strategy is quite simple. In processor architectures that use variable-length instructions, such as IA-32 processors, it is possible to trick disassemblers into incorrectly treating invalid data as the beginning of an instruction. This causes the disassembler to lose synchronization and disassemble the rest of the code incorrectly until it resynchronizes.要通过愚弄反汇编器来达到阻止或者延缓逆向工程的目的并不算是一个太好的主意,不过尽管如此这种技术仍然相当流行。
实现它的基本策略很简单。
在指令长度不固定的处理器体系结构中,我们可以想办法诱骗反汇编器把错误的或者无效的地址当作一条指令的起始地址去进行分析,从而导致反汇编器工作失常,不能正确的将该指令以下的指令反汇编出来。
Before discussing specific techniques, I would like to briefly remind you of the two common approaches to disassembly (discussed in Chapter 4). A linear sweep is the trivial approach that simply disassembles instruction sequentially in the entire module. Recursive traversal is the more intelligent approach whereby instructions are analyzed by traversing instructions while following the control flow instructions in the program, so that when the program branches to a certain address, disassembly also proceeds at that address. Recursive traversal disassemblers are more reliable and are far more tolerant of various antidisassembly tricks.在详细讨论各种技术细节之前,我们先要简要的回顾一下两种常见的反汇编的方法(在第四章中有详细讨论)。
其中一种我们称为:“linear sweep”(逐行扫描?!呵呵)。
这种方法的技术含量并不高(黎哥说:我最讨厌你们这些打劫的,一点技术含量都没有),反汇编器只是依次逐个地将整个模块中的每一条指令都反汇编成汇编指令。
另一种反汇编方法我们称为“Recursive traversal”(递归分析?但愿这个名字还算可以让您接受,不过下面我在提到这两种方法时还是都直接使用它们的E文名字比较好),这是一个比较体现技术能力的活,在这种方法中反汇编器是沿着程序的指令执行控制流来一步一步进行反汇编的,因此,如果程序中指令是顺序逐条执行的,反汇编器也就将顺序逐条反汇编机器码,但是如果程序的某个地方中出现了某种分支,反汇编器就将把这个地址记录下来,并分头反汇编各个分支中的指令。
显然 “Recursive traversal”式的反汇编器更可信赖,也能抵御更多的反-反汇编的伎俩。
Let’s take a quick look at the reversing tools discussed in this book and see which ones actually use recursive traversal disassemblers. This will help you predict the effect each technique is going to have on the most common tools. Table 10.1 describes the disassembly technique employed in the most common reversing tools.现在我们来看看在本书中讨论的反汇编工具中哪些是“linear sweep”式的,哪些是“Recursive traversal”式的,知道这些信息有助于你对哪些反汇编技术能对哪些器起作用有一个清醒的认识:表10.1列出的是目前常见的反汇编器实现的技术。
Linear Sweep Disassemblers对付“Linear Sweep”式的反汇编器Let’s start experimenting with some simple sequences that confuse disassemblers. We’ll initially focus exclusively on linear sweep disassemblers, which are easier to trick, and later proceed to more involved sequences that attempt to confuse both types of disassemblers.好了,现在我们就开始一点一点把反汇编器搞晕吧,柿子先捡软的捏,我们先拿实现“linear sweep”式的反汇编器开刀。
我们先把它搞晕,然后再考虑怎么对付“Recursive traversal”式的反汇编器。
Consider for example the following inline assembler sequence:我们先来看看下面的代码,这是一段内联的汇编代码:_asm{Some code...jmp After_emit 0x0fAfter:mov eax, [SomeVariable]push eaxcall AFunction}When loaded in OllyDbg, the preceding code sequence is perfectly readable, because OllyDbg performs a recursive traversal on it. The 0F byte is not disassembled, and the instructions that follow it are correctly disassembled. The following is OllyDbg’s output for the previous code sequence.我们把编译后的程序装入OllDbg,嗯,生成的反汇编代码的可读性相当的好,因为OllDbg是一个“recursive traversal”式的反汇编器,那个0F字节并没有被反汇编,而这个字节下面的指令仍然被正确的反汇编了出来。
如下所示:0040101D EB 01 JMP SHORT disasmtest.004010200040101F 0F DB 0F00401020 8B45 FC MOV EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-4]00401023 50 PUSH EAX00401024 E8 D7FFFFFF CALL disasmtest.401000In contrast, when fed into NuMega SoftICE, the code sequence confuses its disassembler somewhat, and outputs the following:但是,如果我们让SoftIce来反汇编这段代码的话,呃呃,我想反汇编器已经被这些代码搞晕了,SoftIce给出了如下反汇编结果:001B:0040101D JMP 00401020001B:0040101F JNP E8910C6A001B:00401025 XLAT001B:00401026 INVALID001B:00401028 JMP FAR [EAX-24]001B:0040102B PUSHAD001B:0040102C INC EAXAs you can see, SoftICE’s linear sweep disassembler is completely baffled by our junk byte, even though it is skipped over by the unconditional jump. Stepping over the unconditional JMP at 0040101D sets EIP to 401020, which SoftICE uses as a hint for where to begin disassembly. This produces the following listing, which is of course far better:正如您所看到的,SoftIce是一个“linear sweep”式的反汇编器,它完全被我们插在代码中的那个无用的字节搞晕了。
这种情况一直要持续到SoftIce运行到0040101D的那句无条件转移指令JMP才会有所改观。
在这句JMP中,EIP被改为401020,这时SoftIce会把这个地址当作下一条指令的起始地址,重新进行反汇编,生成了如下所示的代码,嗯,这些代码看上去算是差不多正确了。
001B:0040101D JMP 00401020001B:0040101F JNP E8910C6A001B:00401020 MOV EAX,[EBP-04]001B:00401023 PUSH EAX001B:00401024 CALL 00401000This listing is generally correct, but SoftICE is still confused by our 0F byte and is showing a JNP instruction in 40101F, which is where our 0F byte is at. This is inconsistent because JNP is a long instruction (it should be 6 bytes), and yet SoftICE is showing the correct MOV instruction right after it, at 401020, as though the JNP is 1 byte long! This almost looks like a disassembler bug, but it hardly matters considering that the real instructions starting at 401020 are all deciphered correctly. 不过这些代码也不过只能算是差不多正确了,SoftIce还是搞不清楚0F这个字节到底是什么的干活☺。