(普版)Unit 3 (4)

人教版高中英语选修六课后阅读训练12.【Unit3Period4】及答案解析Ⅰ.阅读理解ANow,we know that if we do not get enough vitamins,we are at risk of developing a number of diseases.As a result,vitamin supplements(补品),though expensive,are popular with people who worry that they are not getting enough vitamins from the foods they eat.But contrary to what many people think,medical experts have found little evidence that most supplements do anything to improve health or protect against disease.In fact,medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful.For example,too much vitamin E can cause bleeding.People should discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors,as some vitamins can produce harmful side effects when mixed with medicines.Experts,however,do say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent disease.People who know they lack a particular vitamin should take vitamin supplements.Some older adults,for example,may not have enough vitaminB-twelve.This is because,as people get older,their body loses its ability to take it from foods.Also,people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the skin makes this vitamin from sunlight.Different vitamins are found in different foods.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil.It is also in the yellow partof eggs.Sweet potatoes,carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A.Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods,like fruits.Vitamin K can be found in pork products.In fact,for most people,a balanced diet can ensure enough of the vitamins our bodies need.So,it is important for us to eat a mixture of foods every day to ensure that we get enough vitamins our bodies need.【语篇概述】本文是说明文。

人教统编版高中英语必修一Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Reading and thinking: Living Legends教学设计一、设计依据与思路(Basis)《普通高中英语课程标准（2022年版）》明确指出高中英语课程的基本理念之一是发展英语学科核心素养，落实立德树人根本任务。

同时课程标准还强调对学生语言能力、学习能力、思维品质、文化意识的综合培养。

根据高中英语学业质量水平一对学生综合能力的阐述以及对加强基础知识和基本技能训练的要求，本节读思课通过精心设计的阅读学习活动，培养学生的高阶思维能力，引导学生运用语言表情达意，提升学生的综合语言运用能力。

二、课型(The type of the class)Reading and Thinking主题语境：人与自我——优秀品行；人与社会——体育语篇类型：杂志文章三、教学目标(Teaching aims)1、语言能力(Language ability) Master the key words and expressions related to sports and fitness.2、学习能力(Learning ability)Make predictions according to pictures and titles。

3、思维品质(Thinking qualities)Learn the standards of being living legends and understand sportsmanship deeply.4、文化意识(Cultural awareness)Talk about some living legends at home and abroad.四、教学重点和难点(Teaching key and difficult points)1、教学重点(Teachingkeypoints)(1)Make predictions according to pictures and titles;2）Improve reading skills and summarize the qualities of living legends.2、教学难点(Teaching difficult points)1）Learn the rhetorical devices in the text;(2)Students can flexibly apply the content learned in this lesson to explore the excellent qualities of living legends by using critical thinking, and then talk about the legends in their hearts.五、教学方法 Teaching methods）交际法(municative Method),小组讨论法(Group Discussion Method),任务型教学法(Task Based Teaching Method)六、教学手段(Teaching aids) Multimedia。

Unit 3 A taste of English humourLanguage points教案Teaching goals1．Target languagea. Humour, comedy, content, performer , astonish , fortunate, ordinary, bored, entertain , throughout, homeless, moustache, worn, failure, overcome, leather, pick out.b Make Ss get knowledge of the new words and phrases.2．Ability goalsGet Ss to use some useful new words and expressions correctly.Enable Ss to make sentences with the useful sentence patterns.3．Learning ability goalsTo help students master the important language points.To help students to make sentences by using the words and phrases.Teaching important pointsGet Ss to master the usage of the words and phrases.Teaching difficult pointshelp students get knowledge of the language points.Teaching methodsInspiration, Questioning and Discussion.Teaching aidsA computer, a projector and a recorder.Teaching proceduresStep I , review the new words and phrases.Step II. Teaching the important language points一．词语辨析1. specially / especially / particularly【解释】specially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。

七年级下册英语书科学普及版重点内容(一)七年级下册英语书科学普及版重点内容Unit 1 Traveling•词汇：行李、旅行方式、地点、时间等•语法：一般现在时、一般过去时•对话：在机场、在火车站、在旅行社等Unit 2 Hobbies•词汇：爱好、运动、音乐、绘画等•语法：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时•对话：询问、回答爱好、谈论兴趣Unit 3 School Life•词汇：学科、科目、活动、课程表等•语法：一般现在时、一般过去时•对话：询问、回答课程安排、谈论学校生活Unit 4 Food and Health•词汇：食物、饮品、水果、蔬菜等•语法：可数、不可数名词、there be句型•对话：订购食物、吃饭、谈论健康饮食Unit 5 Clothes and Shopping•词汇：服装、颜色、购物、价格等•语法： a/an、可数名词的单复数、物主代词•对话：买衣物、问询衣物信息、谈论购物经验Unit 6 Traditions and Customs•词汇：节日、习俗、礼仪、庆祝等•语法： be动词的一致性、情态动词can•对话：谈论节日习俗、庆祝活动Unit 7 Friends Forever•词汇：友谊、人物特征、情感、描述性词汇等•语法：形容词的比较级、最高级•对话：描述朋友、谈论友谊、交流感受以上是七年级下册英语书科学普及版的重点内容。

通过学习这些单元，学生将拓展词汇量，掌握基本语法知识，并能运用所学内容进行简单的对话交流。

该教材旨在培养学生的英语学习兴趣，提高听、说、读、写能力。

希望同学们能够善于运用所学知识，不断提升自己的英语水平。

人教新起点版四年级上册英语-Unit 3 Transportation - Lesson
4 Transportation for Family导学案 (3)
课程目标
1.学生能够熟练掌握家庭成员的交通工具。

2.学生能够口头表达家庭成员所使用的交通工具。

3.学生能够根据图片描述家庭成员正在使用的交通工具。

教学重点
1.熟练掌握单词bike、bus、car、train的发音和拼写。

2.了解家庭成员的交通工具。

教学难点
1.能够口头表达家庭成员所使用的交通工具。

2.能够根据图片描述家庭成员正在使用的交通工具。

教学内容
1.通过扩大语言环境的方式巩固学生对单词bike、bus、car、train的掌握。

2.呈现图片，并通过提问让学生了解家庭成员所用的交通工具。

3.让学生一起完成练习册上的相关练习，巩固所学知识。

教学过程
1.热身启动
•让学生迅速说出单词bike、bus、car、train的发音。

2.新课内容呈现
•呈现图片，并问学生图片上的人使用的是什么交通工具。

•让学生说出家庭成员常用的交通工具。

•引导学生说出自己的家庭成员所用的交通工具。

3.练习与巩固
•让学生完成练习册上的相关练习。

课后作业
1.让学生自己画出自己和家庭成员使用的交通工具，并写下交通工具名称。

2.让学生在家庭生活中多关注家庭成员所用的交通工具，并尽可能口头表达出来。

参考资料
1.人教新起点版四年级英语上册（2016版）。

2.练习册上的相关练习。

必修三Unit41．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally ad v.精神地；思想地2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智力；智慧；才智3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的→universally ad v.全体地，一致地4．determine v t.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的→determination n．决心；果断5．agency→n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agent n．代理人；经纪人6．transmit v t.&v i.传输；发送→transmission n．传送；传递；发送；发射→transmitter n．发射机；发射台；传播者，传输者7．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint v t.使失望；使沮丧→disappointment n．失望；沮丧8．desire n．渴望；欲望v t.渴望；期望→desirable adj.合意的；可取的；值得拥有的9．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently ad v.独立地；自立地1．launch v t.&n.发射；发起；上市①The enemy launched an attack again.发起②The new model will be launched in July.上市③China will launch another satellite into space.发射④The official launch date is in May.上市，发行2．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围v t.&v i.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行①A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.轨道②You should come within his orbit.势力范围③The earth take a year to orbit the sun.环绕……运行3．signal v t.&v i标志者；标明；发信号n.信号；标志①At an agreed signal they left the room.信号②Don't fire until I signal.发信号③The announcement signalled a clear change of policy.标明Words And Phrases知识要点1determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的(教材P40)However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。

Unit ThreeSection AMy Father “Dr. Pat”参考译文我的父亲，“帕特医生”[1]在美国文学中，有关黑人中产阶级，尤其是南方黑人中产阶级的作品很少。

其实在我成长的过程中，这一阶层中出现过一些美国生活中最复杂和最具吸引力的人物。

[2]我深信，我的父亲就是其中之一。

他是位极有才华、思想开放的人物，16岁进了大学,18岁读医学院，一直到获得三个学位，才离开学校。

不过当我懂事时，他仅仅是位牙医（当时我们镇上已有一位黑人医生开业，事业很成功），兼任药剂师，配制一些奇特而有效的药水，最著名的是“帕特医生的小木屋咳嗽糖浆”。

这是一种棕黑色，有甜味，刺激性很强的药水，它保证能根除最顽固的伤风咳嗽，销售得很快。

[3]除了是一名医务人员，他还是一名出色的表演家。

每个星期日下午，他就把装满“小木屋咳嗽糖浆”的纸板箱子塞进家里的汽车，前往四、五个教堂。

在那些地方，他总会被请求“讲几句话”，于是开始恭维“姐妹们”的漂亮外貌及“兄弟们”有远见和卓识来选择如此有魅力的人间尤物。

当教徒们安静下来时，他的脸神严肃起来，以响亮的声音宣讲“黑人们应该永远互相帮助，这样我们才能都过得舒服。

”[4]教堂的主体是灰色的，位于棉花田边上，紧靠着萧瑟的坟地。

在父亲“演讲”时，一律身穿白制服的工作人员散发着红、禄色的传阅材料，上面印有他的照片，所获医学学位的一览表及一两条格言（“双鸟在林不如一鸟在手”）。

另一宣传材料是白色的，上面也有他的照片，还有一首诗歌“人人引吭高歌”，不过没提到它的作者是詹姆斯. 威尔顿.约翰逊。

[5]在他的“演讲”中，他背诵了自己的诗歌，也背了莎士比亚和弥尔顿的诗歌以强调黑人要互相爱护和支持，尤其是要爱护和支持自己的专业人员。

为了表明这一点他总是要我和哥哥站起来，提高嗓门，“这是我的两个男孩，一个将来要成为医生，另一个要当律师，但是我需要得到你们的帮助，这俩孩子是我的也是你们的，在上帝的帮助下，我们要很好地把他们抚养大。

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现]ENGLISH JOKES1．(1)C：What’s that fly doing in my soup?W：Swimming, I think！①(2)C：What’s that?W：It’s bean soup.C：I don’t want to know what it’s been. I want to know what it is now.②(3)C：Waiter, will the pancakes③ be long?W：No, sir. Round.④2．Sherlock Holmes⑤ and Doctor Watson went camping⑥ in a mountainous area⑦. They were lying in the open air⑧ under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at⑨the stars and whispered○10，“Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of？”Watson replied，“I think of⑪how short life is and how long the universe has lasted⑫.”“No, no, Watson！” Holmes said.“What do you really think of？” Watson tried again.“I think of how small I am and how vast⑬the sky is.”“Try again, Watson！” said Holmes. Watson tried a third time⑭.“I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.” Holmes said，“Watson, you fool⑮！Y ou should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent！”[读文清障]第一部分为餐馆笑话，是发生在顾客与服务员之间机智、幽默的对话。

必修三 Unit 4 单词及课文录音2019普通高中教科书英语必修三听单词录音Unit Four 词汇表▼▼▼▼1. astronaut n.字航员;太空人2. procedure n.程序;步票;手续3. mental adj.精神的;思想的4.cm abbr. (centimetre or centimeter)厘米5.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的6. rocket n.火箭;火箭弹7. gravity n.重力;引力8.frontier n.边境;国界;边远地区8. vehicle n.交通工具;车辆10.universe n.宇宙;天地万物11.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的determine vt.查明;确定;决定12.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星13. launch vt.&n.发射;发起;上市14. orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围v.&vi.沿轨道运行;环绕...运行15.giant adj,巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人16.leap n.跳跃;剧增;剧变(leapt, leaptor leaped, leaped)vi.&vt,跳过;跃过17.mankind n.人类18.agency n. (政府的) 专门机构;服务机构;代理处19. transmit vt.& vi.传输;发送20. data n. [pL.]资料;数据21. disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的22. desire /n.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望23. carryon继续做，坚持干24. ongoing adj.持续存在的;仍在进行的;不断发展的25. on board在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上26. independently adj.独立地;自立地independent adj. 独立的;自立的27. spacecraft /speskr:ft/n.航天器;宇宙飞船28.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间28. jade n.玉;翡翠;玉器30.dock vi. & vt. (两架航天器)对接; (使）...进港 n.码头;船坞31.signal vt. & vi.标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志32.in the hope of doing sth抢着...的希望33. so as to （do sth）为了;以便34.recycle vt.回收利用;再利用34. muscle n.肌肉;实力;影响力35. lack n.缺乏;短缺vt. 没有;缺乏36. float vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮vt.使浮动;使漂流37.otherwise adv.否则;要不然37. beyond prep.在更远处;超出38. solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的solar system太阳系;类太阳系39. current adj.当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白40.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的41. soap n.肥皂42. towel n.毛巾;抹布43. microwave n. ( also microwave oven )微波炉44. tissue n. 纸巾; ( 人、动植物细胞的)组织45. facility n.设施;设备46. keen adj.热衷的;渴望的47. globe n.地球;世界;地球仪48. argue vt. &vi.论证;争辩;争论argument n.争论;争吵;论点49. fatal adj.致命的;灾难性的50. shallow adj.肤浅的;浅的51. pattern n.模式;图案;模范52. analysis n. (pl. analyses ) (对事物的)分析;分析结果53. as a result所以;结果(是)54. high-end adj.高端的55. monitor n.监视器;监测仪 vt.监视;监测;监控56. regularly adv.经常;定期地regular adj.定期的;经常的;正常的57. foam n.泡沫橡胶;泡沫58. pillow n.枕头59. smartphone n.智能手机60. resource n.资源;财力:物力61. limited adj.有限的62. provide for sb提供生活所需63. closing adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭:倒闭in closing最后64. mystery n.神秘事物;谜65. run out用完;耗尽66. attach vt.系;绑;贴66. oxygen n.氧;氧气67. Sputnik 1 “旅伴一号”(苏联发射的人类第一颗人造卫星)68. the USSR abbr. the Union of Soviet Socia listRepublics苏联69. Yuri Gagarin 尤里.加加林(苏联宇航员)70. Neil Armstrong 尼尔●阿姆斯特朗( 美国宇航员)71. NASA abbr. National Aeronautics and S paceAdministration (美国)国家航空与航天局72. Voyager 1“旅行者一号”73. Soyuz 11“联盟11号”74. Challenger “挑战者”国际空间站号航天飞机75. the International Space Station JadeRabbit“玉兔”月球车76. Mars 火星77. Jupiter n.木星78. Typhoon Goni台风天鹅79. GPS abbr. global positioning system 全球(卫星)定位系统课文录音Unit FourSpace Exploration原文，录音及翻译Reading and Thinking 录音SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER太空: 最后的边缘“Are we alone? What's out there? " Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.仰望星空，(人们)不禁要问:“我们是孤独的吗?那里是什么?”人们一直想更多地了解太空，而且科学家在努力工作寻求答案，为了查明字宙的秘密他们制做了交通工具把那些勇敢的人带到太空找出宇宙的秘密。

Unit 3Alienation and the InternetWill Baker1. The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage，it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.1 It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas. I developed this position2 years before the Internet came into wide spread use. And I am excited at the potential for the Internet to dramatically alter our global society for the better. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences.2. There has been much talk about the“new information age.”But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.3 At first this might sound like an apparent contradiction：how can something，that is on the one hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas，alienate the participants？3. I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a“problem”with the Internet. When I questioned him further he said that he was“addicted，”4 and has“forced”himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic，in that moderate use of the Internet was just not possible for him.5 I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration，therefore when he described his internet binges，6 when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop，it gave me pause to think. He said，“the Internet isn‘t real，but I was spending all my time on line，so I just had to stop.”He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed7 his sense of reality，and that it made him feel lonely and depressed.4. The fragmentation of society has been lamented for some time now. It seems to me that it probably began in earnest after World War II when a generation returned from doing great deeds overseas. They won the war，and by God they were going to win the peace. Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created.“Progress”was their mantra.8 So even prior to the Internet‘s widespread popularity，folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors. And when we fast-forward to today we see an almost cruel irony in that people can and often do develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe，without leaving their homes. But at the expense of the time that would have otherwisebeen available for involvement in other activities which might foster a sense of community in their villages，towns and cities.5. Last weekend my wife and I invited our extended family to our home to celebrate our daughter‘s birthday. During the celebration my young nephew spent the entire time on my computer playing a simulated war game. My brother-in-law and I were chatting nearby and it struck us that in generations past，his son，my nephew，would have been outside playing with his friends. But now the little fellow goes on line to play his games against his friends in cyberspace.6. It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge. However，based on my personal experience I can understand how，as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload.9 And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in the process. Is the Internet a real place？Depending upon how a“real place”is defined it might very well be. At the very least，I believe that when we use the Internet，we are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us—perhaps another unintended consequence. Some would argue that the virtual existences created by some users who debate，shop，travel and have romance on line are in fact not real. While others would argue that，since in practical terms，folks are debating，shopping，travelling and having romance，the converse is true.7. All of this being said，I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives. This would allow us to maximize its potential without losing our sense of place.10 However like most things that is easier said than done. It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else，and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace，where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster.11 The widespread use of the automobile forever changed our society and culture，and perhaps a similar sort of thing is occurring now. I am not at all certain where the“information superhighway”will lead us：some say to Utopia，12 while others feel it‘s the road to hell. But I do know that we all have the ability to maintain our sense of place in the world. Whether we choose to take advantage of this ability is another matter.因特网与人际之疏远威尔·贝克1 因特网为思想的自由交流提供了一个非凡的平台。

UNIT3Inside viewconversation1Janet: So where are we nowAndy: This is the West End. It’s famous for cinemas and theatres. I used to work in a theatre near here.Janet: Really What did you doAndy: I moved the scenery between acts in the play. If I’m not mistaken, I worked on Pygmalion by George Bernard ShawJanet: If I remember correctly. That was made into a musical film, wasn’t it My Fair Lady I remember seeing it on TV.(Phone ringing)Andy: Oh, oh, it’s Joe.(Andy picked up the phone)Andy: Hey!... Yes, we’re on our way…I don’t think we’re that late. Chill out Joe, we’ll be there.(Andy hung up the phone)Andy: Anyway, come on, we’d better get a move on.Janet: How far is it from hereAndy: It’s not far. Maybe five minutes’ walk. Joe gets cross if I’m late. Joe: Hello Janet, hello Andy. Late as usual.Andy: Actually, by my watch, I’m bang on time.Joe: Well let’s get on with it. This is Toby Jenkins, the theatre critic. Toby: Nice to meet you, are you ready to startAndy: Hang on a minute! Janet, can you check the sound level Can you hear me ok ,JanetJanetJanet: Hi Andy, I can’t hear you. What’s upAndy: Can you hear me nowJanet: Ouch! Yes, that’s much louder.Joe: Let’s stop wasting time please. Just get on with the interview, will you Janet: 那么，我们现在在哪Andy: 这是伦敦西区, 他因影院、戏院而出名.。

必修四 Unit 3 A Taste of English Humour 品味英国人的幽默 I ． Vocabularyhumour n.幽默；滑稽 punchline n.故事、笑话中的妙语； 关键语 verbal adj.口头上 nonverbal adj.不用语言的 mime n. 哑剧 comedy n.戏剧 up to now 直到现在 brighten vt.使更愉快；使更有希望 depressed adj.忧愁的；沮丧的 content adj.满足的；满意的 feel/be content with 对…满足 astonish vt.使惊诧 astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的 fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的 unfortunately adv.不幸地 badly off 穷的；缺少的 ordinary adj.平常的；普通的bored adj.厌烦的subtle adj.微妙的；精巧的；技艺精湛的 entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 charming adj.迷人的；有魅力的 tramp n.流浪的；行乞者 throughout prep.遍及；贯穿 adv.到处；始终；全部 moustache n.小胡子 worn adj.用旧的；用坏的；破烂的 worn-out adj.磨破的；穿旧的stiffly adv.僵硬地 failure n.失败（者） optimism n.乐观；乐观主义 overcome vt. & vi.战胜；克服 underdog n.失败者；处于劣势的一方 snowstorm n.暴风雪 leather n. 皮革pick out 挑出；辨别出cut off 切断；断绝 chew vt. & vi.咀嚼mouthful n.一口；满口enjoyment n.享受；欢乐；乐趣convince vt.使信服convincing adj.令人信服的direct vt. & vi.导演；指示；指挥star in 担任主角；主演outstanding adj.突出的；杰出的confidence n.信心；信念costume n.服装；戏装gesture n.姿态；手势 II． Reading A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR 无语的幽默大师As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from thehuman face ”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than CharlieChaplin.正如维克特·雨果曾经所说的：“欢笑就是驱走人们脸上冬霭的阳光”，至今为止，在这方面查理·卓别林做得最好。

Unit 3 网霸的出现‎与漫延1 瑞安·哈利根几个‎月来一直受‎同学嘲弄。

他们通过即‎时信息散布‎谣言，说这位十三‎岁的男孩是‎同性恋。

一位颇具人‎气的女同学‎假装喜欢他‎，并和他在网‎上聊天，结果却把他‎们交流的信‎息复制下来‎与朋友分享‎。

这位家住美‎国佛蒙特州‎的少年因无‎法应对这种‎羞辱，自杀身亡。

2 英国十五岁‎的盖尔·琼斯在一度‎每半小时接‎到20个无‎声电话后也‎自杀了。

她的父亲格‎林怀疑半夜‎的最后一次‎来电把她推‎入死亡的深‎渊。

3 这是网霸行‎为带来的灾‎难中的两个‎极端例子，但绝非罕见‎。

自从200‎3年哈利根‎和2000‎年琼斯自杀‎以来，上网的孩子‎越来越多，因此包括发‎送威胁性信‎息、暴露私人信‎息和在网上‎上传羞辱他‎人的录像和‎图片的网霸‎行为很有可‎能相应增加‎。

4 总部位于华‎盛顿的皮尤‎互联网与美‎国生活项目‎组于上个月‎进行的一项‎研究发现，美国三分之‎一的青少年‎网民都曾受‎过网霸攻击‎。

而且，随着网上交‎流从即时信‎息和聊天室‎发展到社交‎网站和Yo‎uTube‎视频网站，网霸行为发‎生的场所日‎益成为青少‎年生活的中‎心，并日益公共‎化。

5 对网霸行为‎产生的原因‎及其影响的‎研究才刚刚‎起步，但有一点逐‎渐变得清晰‎：网上交流的‎某些方面使‎人们变得具‎有侵略性，促使人们去‎尝试现实生‎活中不敢尝‎试的事情。

6 更为严重的‎是，网络影响面‎大以及网络‎“始终在线”的文化特点‎使得网霸行‎为对受害者‎造成的伤害‎远远超过普‎通操场上的‎欺辱行为。

“这是操场欺‎辱的升级版‎。

”来自威斯康‎星大学的犯‎罪学家贾斯‎廷•帕钦如是说‎。

2006年‎由英国尤佳‎互联网市场‎调查公司进‎行的研究发‎现，每八个年轻‎人中就有一‎个认为网络‎欺凌比肉体‎欺辱更可怕‎。

7 原因之一是‎网上信息的‎受众人数巨‎大。

“遭受一个孩‎子的网络欺‎凌就算没人‎知道也已经‎够糟了，如果有几百‎个或上千个‎同龄人看了‎录像那将是‎灾难性的。