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基于ACL的校园网络安全策略的研究与应用随着网络时代的到来，校园网络安全已经成为一项紧迫的任务。
网络攻击已经成为校园网络面临的常见问题之一。
为了防止校园网络被攻击，需要制定有效的安全策略。
ACL（Access Control List）是网络安全中常用的一种控制访问的技术。
ACL可以通过过滤网络流量，控制数据流动，限制对网络资源的访问。
ACL还可以用于防范校园网络中的各种攻击，例如DDoS、SQL注入等。
本文将研究并应用ACL技术在校园网络中的安全策略。
主要内容包括：1. 校园网络的安全需求分析校园网络中存在的主要安全问题有：未经授权的网络访问、网络攻击、数据泄露和恶意软件传播等。
因此，校园网络需要有一套完整的安全策略来确保网络的安全。
2. ACL技术在校园网络中的应用ACL可以基于源IP地址、目标IP地址、端口、协议等多种参数来限制访问。
利用ACL可以实现对特定用户、IP地址范围或端口的访问控制，限制非法访问。
例如，可以设置ACL只允许特定的IP地址或MAC地址进行访问或者禁止特定的IP地址或MAC地址进行访问。
3. ACL的配置策略在ACL的配置方面，可以根据校园网络实际情况确定配置策略。
例如，可以为重要的服务器设置较为严格的访问控制，可以设置黑名单防止恶意攻击等。
4. ACL技术的优点与不足ACL技术的优点主要包括：灵活性高、配置简单、可以方便地针对特定用户进行访问控制等。
不足之处包括：ACL规则较为复杂，需要仔细考虑配置，必要时需要进行调试。
针对以上问题，需要综合考虑ACL技术的优点与不足，采取相应的措施，构建适合校园网络的安全策略。
网络规划中如何设置网络设备的安全策略随着互联网的快速发展，网络安全问题日益突显，保护网络设备的安全成为企业和个人所面临的重要挑战之一。
网络规划中，合理设置网络设备的安全策略是保障网络信息安全的重要环节。
本文将就如何设置网络设备的安全策略进行探讨。
【背景介绍】随着互联网时代的到来，网络设备以其高效连接性和便捷性成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
然而，网络设备同时也面临着来自网络黑客、病毒入侵等安全威胁。
为了保护网络设备的安全，网络规划中必须设置合理的安全策略。
【网络设备的安全策略设置原则】网络设备的安全策略设置的首要原则是综合考虑保护隐私、防范攻击、提高网络抗毁性和确保数据完整性等方面的要求。
具体而言，可以从以下几个方面考虑：1. 物理安全策略在网络规划中，首先要确保网络设备的物理安全，即要将服务器机房、交换机等设备放置在特定安全区域内，并设置相应的门禁系统和监控设备，防止未经授权的人员接触设备。
2. 访问控制策略设置访问控制是网络安全的重要措施。
通过在网络设备上设置访问控制列表（Access Control List, ACL），可以限制特定IP地址或特定用户对设备的访问和操作权限。
此外，还可以设置强密码和定期修改密码的策略，以提高设备的安全性。
3. 防火墙策略防火墙是网络安全中最为重要的设备之一。
在网络规划中，合理设置防火墙策略可以有效地防御外部攻击并控制网络访问。
设置防火墙的规则和策略，如限制特定端口的访问、屏蔽某些IP地址或域名等，可以大大提高网络设备的安全性。
4. 安全补丁管理策略网络设备的安全性与其软件版本密切相关。
定期更新并安装最新的安全补丁是防止网络设备受到已知漏洞攻击的重要手段。
因此，在网络规划中，应建立完善的安全补丁管理策略，并及时检测并修复已知的漏洞。
【网络设备安全策略的实施与管理】1. 安全策略的实施一旦确定了网络设备的安全策略，需要确保这些策略的有效实施。
可以采用自动化的网络安全管理工具，帮助实施和监控网络设备的安全策略。
安全策略(模板)1.引言在当今数字化时代，安全问题日益突出。
为了保护组织的敏感信息和财产，制定一套完善的安全策略至关重要。
本文档提供了一个安全策略模板，旨在帮助组织制定适合其需求的安全策略。
2.目标我们的安全策略旨在实现以下目标：保护组织的敏感信息和财产不受未经授权的访问、使用、修改或损坏。
提高员工的安全意识和培训，以减少内部威胁和人为失误。
遵守适用的法律法规和合规要求。
建立有效的安全准则和措施，以应对安全事件并提供快速响应。
定期评估和改进安全策略，以适应不断变化的威胁环境。
3.安全意识和培训我们将实施以下措施来提高员工的安全意识和培训：定期举行安全培训，以教育员工有关安全最佳实践和政策的重要性。
提供在线培训资源和指南，使员工随时能够研究和更新安全知识。
组织模拟演和测试，以确保员工掌握应对安全事件的正确步骤。
向员工提供报告安全漏洞和风险的渠道，并建立奖励机制以激励参与。
4.访问控制为了确保只有经过授权的人员可以访问组织的敏感信息和资源，我们将采取以下措施：强制实施复杂密码策略，包括密码长度、特殊字符和定期更换密码的要求。
实施多因素身份验证来确保用户的身份真实性和安全性。
建立权限管理系统，授予用户最低权限原则，以减少潜在的滥用风险。
定期审查和撤销不再需要的员工权限。
5.数据保护和备份为了保护组织的敏感信息和数据免受损坏、丢失或泄露，我们将采取以下措施：实施加密技术来保护存储和传输的敏感数据。
建立定期备份策略，确保及时备份重要数据，并将备份存储在安全的地点。
定期测试和恢复性演练备份数据，以确保其完整性和可用性。
建立访问日志和监控系统，以检测异常行为和潜在的数据泄露风险。
6.安全事件响应我们将建立一个有效的安全事件响应计划，以快速应对和恢复安全事件。
以下是我们的措施：成立一个专门的安全团队来管理和响应安全事件。
建立预案和流程，明确安全事件的报告、处理和恢复步骤。
分配责任和权限，以确保安全事件得到及时的解决和恢复。
基于ACL的校园网络安全策略什么是ACL？ACL全称是Access Control List，翻译过来就是访问控制列表。
ACL是一个重要的网络安全技术，是网络管理员用来实现对网络流量的控制和限制的一种常用的技术。
它基于路由器或交换机的访问控制，通过一个规则列表对网络中的连接请求进行过滤和控制。
ACL通过配置规则列表来实现数据包过滤，规则中在特定条件下匹配到的数据包就会被阻挡或是允许通过。
ACL的应用场景1. 限制用户的上网行为在学校里，网络是必不可少的工具，但是学生上网的行为却可能影响到整个学校的网络安全。
因此，为了保护网络安全，我们可以利用ACL技术来限制学生上网行为。
例如，学校可以针对某些应用程序进行限制，例如P2P下载、视频网站等，以减轻网络拥堵。
同时，还可以针对恶意软件和病毒进行防范。
2. 保障教师工作效率ACL技术可以帮助保证教师工作时的网络通畅。
教师经常需要访问某些特定网站以获取需要的信息，但是有时会受到学生的上网行为干扰。
因此，学校可以利用ACL技术，针对某些学生进行限制，以保证教师能够高效地完成工作。
3. 保护网络安全ACL技术可以帮助防范网络攻击，保护学校网络的安全。
例如，可以对来自外部的垃圾邮件进行屏蔽，对攻击尝试进行预防等。
如何配置ACL下面，我们来看一下如何配置ACL。
1. 配置ACL规则ACL规则就是访问控制列表中的一条条规则。
规则一般由以下几部分组成：源地址、目的地址、协议类型、端口号、允许或阻止等。
例如，我们可以针对学生计算机的IP地址进行限制。
access-list 1 deny host 192.168.1.2access-list 1 deny host 192.168.1.3access-list 1 permit any上面的配置表示，禁止IP地址为192.168.1.2和192.168.1.3的计算机上网，其他计算机可以正常上网。
2. 将ACL应用到接口接下来，需要将上面的ACL规则应用到学校的路由器或交换机的接口上。
MRSL限制物质在生产中的使用和安全策略执行程序概述本文档旨在介绍MRSL（Manufacturing Restricted Substances List）限制物质在生产中的使用和安全策略的执行程序。
MRSL是一份由环保组织制定的清单，其中列出了在制造过程中受限制的物质，以保护环境和人类健康。
目标我们的目标是确保在生产过程中遵守MRSL的限制，并采取适当的安全策略，以确保产品的质量和可持续性。
我们将采取以下步骤来实现这一目标。
步骤1. 确定MRSL限制物质清单我们将首先获取最新版本的MRSL限制物质清单。
为了确保准确性和可靠性，我们将从可信赖的环保组织或相关行业协会处获取该清单。
2. 审查产品和制造过程我们将对我们的产品和制造过程进行审查，以确定是否存在使用受限制物质的情况。
这将涉及审查产品成分、原材料和生产过程中使用的化学物质。
3. 建立供应链合规要求我们将与供应链合作伙伴合作，确保他们了解并遵守MRSL限制物质清单。
我们将与供应商签订合规协议，并要求他们提供相关的合规证明文件。
4. 建立内部控制程序我们将建立内部控制程序，以确保在生产过程中遵守MRSL的限制。
这将包括培训员工，制定操作规程，并建立监测和报告机制。
5. 定期检查和测试我们将定期检查和测试产品，以确保其符合MRSL的限制。
这将包括取样和实验室测试，以验证产品中受限制物质的含量是否符合标准。
6. 持续改进我们将持续改进我们的制造过程，以减少或消除对受限制物质的依赖。
我们将积极寻求替代品和更环保的材料，以提高产品的可持续性。
结论通过严格执行MRSL限制物质在生产中的使用和安全策略执行程序，我们将确保产品符合环保要求，并保护环境和人类健康。
我们将持续努力改进我们的制造过程，以实现更可持续的生产。
iis配置安全策略（IIS configuration security policy）Web server security settings and application WEB server settingsFirst, this is about some of the settings of IIS, because of using Win2K server version in the other brother, I will not, at the same time before I manage the server only when two months here, never touched like is, even in the commissioning of the machine is not. As a result of a lot of friends ask IIS settings, I will write out my accumulated two months of experience, please don't laugh at me. There is a shortage of places to point out. Well, not many words, here we go!Two, first of all, we open audit strategyOpening security audit is the most basic method of intrusion detection in win2000. When someone tries to invade your system in some ways (such as trying user passwords, changing account policies, unauthorized access to files, etc.), it will be recorded by security audits. Many administrators have been hacked into the system for months without knowing until the system is broken. The following audits must be opened, and others can be added as needed:Policy settingIn turnSuccess, failurefailSuccess, failurefailfailSuccess, failurefailfailSkill attack, failureClose unnecessary portsClosing ports means reducing functionality, and you need to make a little bit of a decision on security and functionality. If the server is installed behind the firewall, the risk will be less, but never think you can sit back and relax. Using the port scanner to scan the open ports of the system and determine which services are open is the first step in hacking your system. The reference table of the well-known ports and services in the \system32\drivers\etc\services file is available for reference. The concrete method is:Online neighbor > property > local connection >property >internet protocol (tcp/ip) > attribute > Advanced > option >tcp/ip Filter > attribute open tcp/ip filter, add TCP, UDP, protocol.Then turn off the default sharing, many of them, like IPC is the default share ah, you can in the computer management inside the shared list can see ah, right click to turn off Gongheng, or you can play in CMD net share view sharing list.. this thing is the trouble. Because every time these are automatically restart, sharing and open ah. Now there are some batch file, but it can not completely solve the default sharing problem. The need to increase this batch file at the start, as long as the system operation, automatically run this batch file to delete this sharing effect.Then we build the web site, the management tool, the --Internet Service Manager - a new web site, or the default web site. Well, we built a site next to the site to bind a domain name, usually we are parsing international top-level domain to their own server, as long as you where the domain name service provider domain name resolution to this server can be IPWell, we open the properties of the web site built, hey hey, that host head to fill your top-level domain name on the OK, you have a few fill a few. It's very simple. Next, configure the appropriate script mappings. Inside the execution permission configuration of the home directory.First, we'll delete some useless scripts that might cause the server to be attacked!1 *.htr this is a more powerful document, delete it. Otherwise, anyone can do illegal operations through your web, and even format your hard disk.Delete it at 2 *.hta.3 *.idc, so delete him.4 *.printer this is a printer file. Get rid of him5 *.htw, *.ida *.idq, these are index files that can be removed. In fact, as long as the useful reservations, such as ASP, ASA, php,CGI, to keep, delete all other go:)The executable file you can configure ah, if not to support ASP will delete ASP script map on the line, to support CGI, PHP (the interpreter installed), the configuration of program execution of these documents can be.. For example, to perform PHP, your PHP installation in c:\php, you are in the main directory configuration in the application configuration, add executable c:\php\php.exe, extension of.Php, so the site can run PHP, if you want him to run PHP3, repeat the above work, just an.Php3 extension line. Oh. CGI is the sameAdd the CGI executable file. The extension is.Cgi.The next thing we need to do is to delete some default virtual directories from the default site (you can choose to stop or not run), such as iisadmin, or you might die miserably!! Oh, it's simple.. As you create a virtual directory is very simple ah, right click on the web site, create a virtual directory, for example to build a new fantasy deification arena, a jxqyvirtual directory name, and then point to your program where you can use the www.*****.com/ jxqy to access your fantasy myth the.Also, if you build this web site to send friends or sell to customers, do you want to make some restrictions on his website? (don't be stingy ah, too many restrictions on yo), to open the web site, there is a link, see? One is infinite, one is limited, and we choose the following restrictions. How many people should we limit? Come on, 150 people, then fill in the 150 link, link timeout? General 150 is enough!! Let's make some restrictions on the performance of the website. That's the property of the web site. Here's the performance here, huh?. How much do you want to click on this site every day? How much do you want? Choose your own, the following choice to start broadband restrictions.. General 20kb/s is fine... What is the maximum CPU occupation?2% is ok. Well, I have to think about the service station on the server: do you see that document in the properties of the web site? That is set the site default home page, your station want to use what file for home page, here in tune. Ha-ha。
Windows7 安全策略的原理及应用众所周知电脑的安全一向是人们所无比关心的一个问题，而windows7在这一方面有了革命性的创举，让我们的电脑更加安全，同时也让我们用户的信息有更加可靠的载体。
下面我们就让一起来看一下windows7的安全特性吧！一、UAC（用户账户控制）基本上只要是windows7的用户都比较熟悉的一个安全策略应该就是用户账号控制了吧。
UAC（用户账户控制）是windows中vista 的首创，但是vista中得的UAC的功能真的有点不给力的。
在Vista中得UAC有着非常强大的阻止未经许可操作的能力，它会将计算机中得可疑进程全部排除在内核之外，只有获得了用户许可后的进程才能够运行，这大大降低了vista的方便程度，让许多用户对这个安全功能嗤之以鼻。
经过微软公司的改良，windows7上的UAC终于横空出世了。
Windows7在保障计算机系统安全性的前提下，尽量减少了UAC的弹出提示框的次数，从而提高了系统操作的流畅性，真正让用户接受了这个有些麻烦却又非常安全的安全功能。
可以说windows7的UAC真正的让一个比较先进的安全技术实现了大众化。
要启用ＵＡＣ首先你要打开控制面板，打开其中的用户账户和家庭安全，点添加或删除账户。
这时候如果你是管理员，你就可以用管理员权限在新添加的账户中任意授权新建的这个账户的权限，当然管理员账户与其它账户都可以设置密码，在众多的账户中切换时都需要密码。
所谓的管理员账户与添加的任意账户，看到的操作页面都是一模一样的，差别就在于管理员，也就是计算机的实际拥有者可以查看计算机中的所有内容，而其它账户就只可以查看管理员所给予的权限范围之内的内容。
因此这个功能可以很好的保护计算机用户的隐私，我想给你看什么，你才能看什么。
所以，可以说ＵＡＣ是ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ７安全体系的重要组成部分，也是用户接触最频繁的一个安全功能。
二、Bitlocker(磁盘锁)Bitlocker驱动器加密技术也是早在vista中就已经使用的技术了，但在windows7中才真正的为人们所熟识。
关于MRSL物质的生产限制和安全控制策略1. 背景MRSL（Manufacturing Restricted Substances List）是一份限制生产和使用的物质清单，旨在确保产品在制造过程中不含有危害人体健康和环境的化学物质。
为了遵守相关法规和标准，制定并实施MRSL物质的生产限制和安全控制策略至关重要。
2. 目标本文档的目标是提供一套简单的策略，以确保MRSL物质的生产受到限制并采取安全控制措施，以保障产品质量和消费者的健康。
3. 生产限制策略3.1 研究和了解MRSL物质清单首先，我们需要全面研究和了解MRSL物质清单，确保对于禁止和限制使用的物质有清晰的认识。
这可以通过参考相关法规、标准和行业指南来实现。
3.2 审查供应链为了控制MRSL物质的使用，我们需要审查供应链，了解原材料和化学品的来源。
与供应商合作，要求他们提供有关MRSL物质的声明和证明文件，确保其产品符合相关要求。
3.3 建立替代方案针对MRSL物质，我们应该积极寻找和研发替代品或替代工艺。
与研发团队合作，寻找更环保和安全的替代方案，以减少对MRSL物质的依赖。
4. 安全控制策略4.1 建立生产标准操作程序（SOPs）制定和实施MRSL物质的安全控制策略需要建立生产标准操作程序（SOPs）。
这些程序应明确规定使用MRSL物质的限制，确保操作人员在生产过程中准确执行。
4.2 培训和教育为了确保安全控制策略的有效实施，我们应该进行员工培训和教育。
培训内容应包括MRSL物质的认识、安全使用方法和应急措施等，以提高员工的意识和技能。
4.3 监测和检测建立监测和检测机制，定期检查生产过程中MRSL物质的使用情况。
使用合适的检测方法和设备，确保产品符合相关要求，并及时发现和处理潜在的问题。
5. 结论通过制定和实施MRSL物质的生产限制和安全控制策略，我们可以确保产品在制造过程中不含有危害人体健康和环境的化学物质。
这将有助于提高产品质量、满足法规要求，并保护消费者的健康和安全。
Windows系统安全策略Windows系统安全策略调研和有关测试在命令⾏下，通过netsh ipsec static来配置IPSEC安全策略。
⼀个IPSEC由⼀个或者多个规则组成；⼀个规则有⼀个IP筛选器列表和⼀个相应的筛选器操作组成；这个筛选器列表和筛选器可以是系统本⾝所没有的，如果没有则需要⾃⾏建⽴，⽽⼀个筛选器⼜由⼀个或多个筛选器组成，因此配置IPSEC的时候必须分步进⾏。
规则由筛选器列表和筛选器操作构成。
⽽且存放在策略⾥，策略器由策略器列表来存储，这样就决定了⼀个步骤：建⽴空的安全策略，建⽴筛选器列表，建⽴筛选器操作，这三步不需要特定的顺序，建⽴筛选器需要在空筛选器列表建⽴成以后。
允许某些⽹段(ip)地址访问server2(ip 192.168.56.107)的某些指定端⼝:四台测试虚拟机：Server1 56.104 server2 56.107 server3 56.105 server4 56.106例1：允许server1只能访问server2的8000端⼝（8000是IIS服务）, 其它ip例如server3,server4禁⽌访问server2的8000端⼝。
具体安全策略设置操作如下：第1步：在server2上创建策略，名字叫做107-policy。
C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add policy name="107-policy" description="server2-ip107-policy"第2步：创建筛选器操作(创建过滤动作)（permit和block：⾃定义）C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add filteraction name=Permit action=permitC:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add filteraction name=Block action=block第3步：创建筛选列表和筛选器创建筛选列表：C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add filterlist name="blacklist" description="heimingdan"C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add filterlist name="whitelist" description="baimingdan"创建筛选器（分别为过滤器创建规则）：C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add filter filterlist="blacklist" srcaddr=any dstaddr=me dstport=8000 protocol=tcp mirrored=yes description="jinzhi all ip access my 8000 port"C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add filter filterlist="blacklist" srcaddr=192.168.56.0 srcmask=255.255.255.0 srcport=0 dstaddr=me dstport=0 protocol=TCP desc="jinzhi 56wangduan access me" mirrored=yesC:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add filter filterlist="whitelist" srcaddr=192.168.56.104 dstaddr=me dstport=8000 desc="56.104 8000 port access me" protocol=TCP mirrored=yes第4步：创建策略规则（将（筛选）过滤器与过滤动作关联）C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add rule name="jinzhi-56net-access" policy="107-policy" filterlist="blacklist" filteraction="Block" desc="zuzhi 56net suoyouzhujitongxin"C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static add rule name="yunxu-56net-access" policy="107-policy" filterlist="whitelist" filteraction="Permit" desc="yunxu bufen56net zhuji 8000port tongxin"第5步：激活安全策略C:\Users\Administrator>netsh ipsec static set policy name="107-policy" assign=y第6步：查看测试结果。
2.1 Security Policy2.1.0 What is a Security Policy and Why Have One?The security-related decisions you make, or fail to make, as administrator largely determines how secure or insecure your network is, how much functionality your network offers, and how easy your network is to use. However, you cannot make good decisions about security without first determining what your security goals are. Until you determine what your security goals are, you cannot make effective use of any collection of security tools because you simply will not know what to check for and what restrictions to impose. For example, your goals will probably be very different from the goals of a product vendor. V endors are trying to make configuration and operation of their products as simple as possible, which implies that the default configurations will often be as open (i.e., insecure) as possible. While this does make it easier to install new products, it also leaves access to those systems, and other systems through them, open to any user who wanders by.Y our goals will be largely determined by the following key tradeoffs:1. services offered versus security provided -Each service offered to users carries its own security risks. For some services the risk outweighs the benefit of the service and the administrator may choose to eliminate the service rather than try to secure it.2. ease of use versus security -The easiest system to use would allow access to any user and require no passwords; that is, there would be no security. Requiring passwords makes the system a little less convenient,but more secure. Requiring device-generated one-time passwords makes the system even more difficult to use, but much more secure.3. cost of security versus risk of loss -There are many different costs to security: monetary (i.e., the cost of purchasing security hardware and software like firewalls and one-time password generators), performance (i.e., encryption and decryption take time), and ease of use (as mentioned above). There are also many levels of risk: loss of privacy (i.e., the reading of information by unauthorized individuals), loss of data (i.e., the corruption or erasure of information), and the loss of service (e.g., the filling of data storage space, usage of computational resources, and denial of network access). Each type of cost must be weighed against each type of loss.Y our goals should be communicated to all users, operations staff, and managers through a set of security rules, called a "security policy." We are using this term, rather than the narrower "computer security policy" since the scope includes all types of information technology and the information stored and manipulated by the technology.2.1.1 Definition of a Security PolicyA security policy is a formal statement of the rules by which people who are given access to an organization's technology and information assets must abide.2.1.2 Purposes of a Security PolicyThe main purpose of a security policy is to inform users, staff and managers of their obligatory requirements for protecting technology and information assets. The policy should specify the mechanisms through which these requirements can be met. Another purpose is to provide a baseline from which to acquire, configure and audit computer systems and networks for compliance with the policy. Therefore, an attempt to use a set of security tools in the absence of atleast an implied security policy is meaningless.Another major use of an AUP is to spell out, exactly, the corporate position on privacy issues and intellectual property issues. In some countries, if the company does not explicitly state that e-mail is not secure, it is considered to be so and any breach could cause privacy and confidentiality liabilities. It is very important to spell out what is and is not acceptable in intellectual transfers and storage and what the corporate privacy policies are to prevent litigation about same. An Appropriate Use Policy (AUP) may also be part of a security policy. It should spell out what users shall and shall not do on the various components of the system, including the type of traffic allowed on the networks. The AUP should be as explicit as possible to avoid ambiguity or misunderstanding. For example, an AUP might list any prohibited USENET newsgroups. (Note: Appropriate Use Policy is referred to as Acceptable Use Policy by some sites.)2.1.3 Who Should be Involved When Forming Policy?In order for a security policy to be appropriate and effective, it needs to have the acceptance and support of all levels of employees within the organization. It is especially important that corporate management fully support the security policy process otherwise there is little chance that they will have the intended impact. The following is a list of individuals who should be involved in the creation and review of security policy documents:·site security administrator·information technology technical staff (e.g., staff from computing center)·administrators of large user groups within the organization (e.g., business divisions, computer science department within a university, etc.)·security incident response team·representatives of the user groups affected by the security policy·responsible management·legal counsel (if appropriate)The list above is representative of many organizations, but is not necessarily comprehensive. The idea is to bring in representation from key stakeholders, management who have budget and policy authority, technical staff who know what can and cannot be supported, and legal counsel who know the legal ramifications of various policy choices. In some organizations, it may be appropriate to include EDP audit personnel. Involving this group is important if resulting policy statements are to reach the broadest possible acceptance. It is also relevant to mention that the role of legal counsel will also vary from country to country.2.1.4 What Makes a Good Security Policy?The characteristics of a good security policy are:1. It must be implementable through system administration procedures, publishing of acceptableuse guidelines, or other appropriate methods.2. It must be enforceable with security tools, where appropriate, and with sanctions, whereactual prevention is not technically feasible.3. It must clearly define the areas of responsibility for the users, administrators, and management. The components of a good security policy include:1. Computer Technology Purchasing Guidelines which specify required, or preferred security features. These should supplement existing purchasing policies and guidelines.2. A Privacy Policy which defines reasonable expectations of privacy regarding such issues as monitoring of electronic mail, logging of keystrokes, and access to users' files.3. An Access Policy which defines access rights and privileges to protect assets from loss or disclosure by specifying acceptable use guidelines for users, operations staff, and management. It should provide guidelines for external connections, data communications, connecting devices to a network, and adding new software to systems. It should also specify any required notification messages (e.g., connect messages should provide warnings about authorized usage and line monitoring, and not simply say "Welcome").4. An Accountability Policy which defines the responsibilities of users, operations staff, and management. It should specify an audit capability, and provide inc ident handling guidelines(i.e., what to do and who to contact if a possible intrusion is detected).5. An Authentication Policy which establishes trust through an effective password policy, and by setting guidelines for remote location authentication and the use of authentication devices (e.g., one-time passwords and the devices that generate them).6. An A vailability statement which sets users' expectations for the availability of resources. It should address redundancy and recovery issues, as well as specify operating hours and maintenance downtime periods. It should also include contact information for reporting system and network failures.7. An Information Technology System & Network Maintenance Policy which describes how both internal and external maintenance people are allowed to handle and access technology. One important topic to be addressed here is whether remote maintenance is allowed and how such access is controlled. Another area for consideration here is outsourcing and how it is managed. 8. A Violations Reporting Policy that indicates which types of violations (e.g., privacy and security, internal and external) must be reported and to whom the reports are made. A non- threatening atmosphere and the possibility of anonymous reporting will result in a greater probability that a violation will be reported if it is detected.9. Supporting Information which provides users, staff, and management with contact information for each type of policy violation; guidelines on how to handle outside queries about a security incident, or information which may be considered confidential or proprietary; and cross-references to security procedures and related information, such as company policies and governmental laws and regulations. There may be regulatory requirements that affect some aspects of your security policy (e.g., line monitoring). The creators of the security policy should consider seeking legal assistance in the creation of the policy. At a minimum, the policyshould be reviewed by legal counsel. Once your security policy has been established it should be clearly communicated to users, staff, and management. Having all personnel sign a statement indicating that they have read, understood, and agreed to abide by the policy is an importantpart of the process. Finally, your policy should be reviewed on a regular basis to see if it is successfully supporting your security needs.2.1.5 Keeping the Policy FlexibleIn order for a security policy to be viable for the long term, it requires a lot of flexibility based upon an architectural security concept. A security policy should be (largely) independent from specific hardware and software situations (as specific systems tend to be replaced or moved overnight). The mechanisms for updating the policy should be clearly spelled out. This includes the process, the people involved, and the people who must sign-off on the changes. It is also important to recognize that there are exceptions to every rule. Whenever possible, the policy should spell out what exceptions to the general policy exist. For example, under whatconditions is a system administrator allowed to go through a user's files. Also, there may be some cases when multiple users will have access to the same userid. For example, on systems with a "root" user, multiple system administrators may know the password and use the root account.。
