2015-2016沪教牛津版初中英语七年级上册全套教学案[学生自学用]7A UNIT 1 Making friendsⅠ重点单词：World n. 世界country n.国家Japan n.日本Germany n.德国German adj.德国的n.德国人grammar n.语法blog n.博客sound n. 声音Everyone n.人人〔谓语动词要用单数〕Hobby n.爱好<复数hobbies〕age n. 年龄elder adj. 年长的dream n.梦想complete v.完成Us pron.我们yourself pron.你自己friendly adj. 友爱的engineern.工程师flatn.公寓mountain n. 山Ⅱ重点短语：1.colse to 接近= near 反义词：far 〔away〕from 远离2.Go to school 去上学3.Be good at 擅长=do well in 反义词：be bad /poor at=do badly in不擅长4.Make friends with 与……交朋友make friends 交朋友5.All over遍与6.I’d like to=would like to 愿意Ⅲ重点句型：1.what does···mean？2.welcome to3.I like···because···4.My dream is to be··？5.How old is/are ····？6.What does ····do？详细讲解：1.Read a German girl’s blog.<Page1〕〔1〕German ：① adj.德国的〔德国人的,德语的〕This is a German car.② n.德国人,是可数名词.复数形式要在后面加"s〞. 意为"德语〞时,是不可数名词.speak German.我还知道：中日不变,英法变,其余后面加S 〔关于单复数〕中国China,中国人/中文Chinese日本Japan,日本人/日语Japanese, 法国France,法国人/法语French英国England/Britain/U.K.英国人/英语English〔2〕girl’s 是名词"girl〞的所有格形式,意为"女孩的···〞所有格：在名词后加上"’s〞构成所有格,表示一种所属关系,表示"···的〞它的构成有以下方式：①一般情况下在名词词尾加"’s〞如：Tom’s books 汤姆的书②以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格,一般在其后面直接加"’〞即可.如：parents’ names 父母的名字〔page2〕；Teachers’ Day 教师节③表示两人或多人各自的所属关系,要在各个词尾分别加"’s〞；表示两人或多人共同的所属关系,只需要在最后一个词的词尾加"’s〞.如：Lily’s and Linda’s bikes. 丽丽和琳达的自行车.<注意：两人各有一辆车〕Lily and Linda’s room. 丽丽和琳达的房间.〔注意：两人共住一间房〕④表示某人的家、店铺、办公室时,常省略"’s〞后面的名词house,shop,office等.At my uncle’s = at my uncle’s home 在我叔叔家2.I’m from Germany. =I’m from Germany.<page3>come from =be from 来自3.I have an elder sister and an elder brother.<page3>Elder ：形容词,"年长的〞.与"younger〞相对.主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系. 不能用于"than〞前面.elder brother 哥哥younger brother 弟弟elder sister 姐姐younger sister 妹妹Older：泛指新旧、老幼或年龄大小的关系.可以用于"than〞前面.My elder brother is one year older than I. 我哥哥比我大一岁.4.Every day,I go to school by school bus.〔page3〕①go to school是一个固定搭配,不要在"school〞前加"the〞.因为它并不指具体的某所学校.所在在前面不要加任何冠词.Go to bed 睡觉；go to hospital去医院；at home 在家注意：play basketball/football<球类〕,不用加"the〞.Play the piano/violin〔乐器〕,要加"the〞.②by school bus "乘坐校车〞：by +交通工具乘坐····By bike 骑自行车by taxi 坐出租车by car 乘小汽车5.I like my school because the teachers are all very friendly.<page3>① because "因为〞,引导原因状语从句,语气很强烈.可以用来回答"why〞引导的特殊疑问句.②friendly 形容词,友好的.〔注意：虽然以-ly结尾,但不是副词,而是形容词〕类似的词有：lovely〔可爱的〕lonely〔孤独的〕lively 〔生动的〕daily〔每日的〕ugly〔丑的〕silly 〔傻的〕6.My dream is to be an engineer .我的梦想是成为一名工程师.〔page3〕①一般来说,is后面都不加"to〞,但这里"to be an engineer〞做表语.这样结构的例子有：my job/work/task is to feed animals.② dream: n.梦想可数名词.V.做梦dream of /about <doing> sth.7.I like many sports.many ：许多.修饰可数名词复数.Many people 许多人Much：许多.修饰不可数名词much water/time 许多水/手机a lot of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词.8.About yourself.Yourself是反身代词,"你自己〞.第一人称：单数myself——复数ourselves第二人称：单数yourself——复数yourselves第三人称：单数himself/herself/itself——复数：themselves9.What does your father/mother do?你父亲/母亲是做什么工作的？What does/do +某人+do？询问某人现在从事何种职业或做什么工作.其他句型还有：①what +be+某人？〔一般不用于第二人称〕如：what’s your brother ？——he’s a waiter.②what is sb’s job?如：what’s your father job？——he is a worker.③what do/does +某人+want to be？如：what do you want to be？——I want to be a teacher.10.I’d l ike to be your e-friend.我想成为你的网友.〔page11〕I’d like =I would like 想要用法：①would like +名词如：I’d like an apple.②would like +to do sth注意：①would like 没有人称和数的变化.②would like 构成的一般疑问句中,表示"一些〞和"某物〞时,要用"some〞和"sonething〞,而不用"any〞和"anything〞.③由"would like 〞引导的疑问句的回答方式.Would you like some bread.——Yes,please./No,thanks.Would you like to join us.——Yes,I’d love /like to.或者,but···〔委婉〕11.best wishes 最美好的祝愿.〔注意wish要加es〕Ⅴ语法：一、特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what, who, whom, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how等放在句首提问的句子,叫特殊疑问句.答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答.<一〕各种疑问词的用法：1.what用于对句子的主语、宾语、表语提问.用于提问"事情、东西〞,还可以提问"##、职业、时间〞等.如：what’s your name？2.Who, whom, whose只能指人,who"谁〞,常作主语,whom"谁〞,常作宾语,whose"谁的〞,常作定语或表语.Who taught you English last year? 去年哪个老师教你们英语？Whose father works in Beijing? 谁的爸爸在工作？3.which用来询问人或物,一般有特定的选择X围.Which is your sister of the two girls?那两个女孩中,哪个是你姐姐？〔限定在这两个女孩中〕4.when, where, why, how分别对时间、地点、原因和方式When did you arrive here? 你什么时候到这里的? 〔对时间〕Where were you last night? 你昨晚在哪里？〔对地点〕Why were you late again? 你怎么又迟到了？〔对原因〕How do you go to school? 你怎样上学的？——by school bus〔对方式〕注意：①when与what time的区别：when指的是大体的时间,而what time询问的是具体的时间.--What time shall we meet? -- At ten o’clock.--When shall we meet? --Tomorrow.②how many用于询问"多少〞,且后面接可数名词复数.——提问数量how much用于提问"多少〞,后面接不可数名词,也可对"钱〞提问.——提问不可数名词的数量和价格.③ how old用于提问年龄"多大岁数〞；对应名词"age〞how long用于提问时间或长度"多长时间,长度多长〞,回答用"for+一段时间〞；对应"leight〞. how soon用于提问时间"还要多久〞,回答用"in+一段时间〞；how far提问距离"有多远〞；how often用于提问频率"多长时间一次〞.How tall提问高度：How tall are you? = What is your height?〔对应height〕How often 提问"多久一次. 〞（二）句型结构：1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序：疑问词〔+主语〕+谓语动词+其他成分.如：Who is there？谁在那儿？Which book is his？哪本书是他的？2．如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序？（1）疑问词+be+主语+其他？如：who is your teacher？（2）疑问词+助动词+主语+行为动词〔其他〕？如：What does your father do？Why do you like English.〔三〕回答：不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答.如：-How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了？-She’s only five. / Only five. <她>才5岁. 〔四〕对划线部分提问规则：第一步,找准特殊疑问词.第二步,提前或加助动词:〔BE动词am is are was were,情态动词can could may must will would shall should,助动词〔完成时中〕have has had.〕第三步,作变化抄剩余词.<主语时态的变化,如I变You ;前边加does do,后边动词用原形.>1.He is thirteen years old.<对划线提问>A：找准疑问词：How oldB：提前BE动词：isC：抄剩余词：he即：How old is he?2 They went to work yesterday morning.A：找准疑问词：WhenB:加助动词：〔过去时〕didC：作变化〔将went 变为go〕并抄剩余词：they go to work.即：When did they go to work?3 . Her mother goes to school by bike.A:找准特殊疑问词：HowB:加助动词〔三单时〕：doesC:作变化<goes—go>抄剩余词：her mother go to school即：How does her mother go to school?二、不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a 和an两个,泛指"一〞的概念,但并不强调数量,只表示名词为不特定者,且仅用在单数可数名词前.1.a用于发音以辅音音标〔不是以辅音字母〕开头的单词前面；My mother is a doctor.2.an用于发音以元音音标〔不是元音字母〕开头的单词前面.My father is an engineer.An actor； a doctor ；an apple ； a pen ；an egg①表示"一〞,用于可数名词的单数形式前.The company needs a worker.②表示"一类〞,指一类人或事物,用在可数名词单数前.An elephant is bigger than a cat.③某示"某一个〞,不具体指明是何人何物.A teacher wants to see you.④表示"每一〞.We work five days a week.⑤表示"第一次提到〞；首次提到人或物,但不特别指明是哪一个.Long long ago, there was a king.⑥用于固定词组中：a few一些〔加可数名词〕a little一些〔加不可数名词〕a lot of许多a great deal of 大量a moment ago刚才a piece of 一片have a cold感冒have a try试一试in a word总之in a hurry匆忙地after a while过了一会儿7A UNIT 2 Daily life重点单词：daily 每天的article 文章never从不break n. 休息v.打破打碎usually经常so因此bell 铃声ring 打,戒指seldom很少ride,骑,乘guitar,吉他band乐队,传送带together,一起grade年级Geography n. 地理；地形market,市场practice, 不可数名词, 练习v.练习常考短语：junior high school 初中senior high school 高中primary school 小学on foot 步行take part in 参加go to bed睡觉get up起床have a good/great/wonderful time =enjoy oneself =have fun 玩得开心,愉快.经典句型：1.How do /does... go to school?2.How long is...3.I alway have a good time...4.Is...close to...?5.Once a month ,I...6.How often do you...?7.They think ...as...详细讲解：1.Listen to a boy talking about his weekend.Listen ①不与物动词Listen!The boy is singing.②若要加宾语,要加"to〞. 如：Pleasen listen to the teacher.Listen for 留心听2.辨析That’s right .All right与That’s all right①That’s right 对的,正确的.〔对别人所说的话表示肯定〕②All right 好吧；身体康复了；令人满意的③That’s all right 不用谢；没关系〔客气话和道歉的回应〕3.Which of these things do you doonce or twice a week?<page16>①助动词do/does/did后面要跟动词原形;②once or twice a week每周一两次注意：在英语中,表示一次用"once〞,两次用"twice〞,表示三次或者三次以上就用"基数词+times〞〔time在这里是可数名词,表示次数,需要加"s〞〕如：once a week, twice a week, three〔four/ five…〕times a week4. brush one’s teeth刷牙〔page16〕Brush①在这里是动词,表示"刷〞②n.可数名词,"刷子〞复数形式是" brushes〞.如：I need some brushes for paiting.Tooth的复数形式是" teeth〞牙齿〔因为每个人刷牙的时候不止刷一颗牙齿,所以要用复数〕2.how often do you watch television〔page 23〕①how often 多久一次,询问动作发生的频率〔上节学过的特殊疑问句,现在再来复习〕辨析watch、look、see、read3.ride a bicycle 骑自行车〔page 16〕动词短语,交通工具前要加限定词〔如a ,the〕同义词：by bicycle/bike 介词短语,交通工具前不用加限定词4.My school is close to my home, so I alwaysgo to school on foot.〔page17〕①be close to 离……近= near =beside= not far away from<上节课学过〕③so在此处用作连词,表示结果"因此；所以〞的意思.不可以将because和so同在一个句子里.〔他们两个就像两只老虎,一山不能容二虎.类似的还有although/ though 和but.〕④go to school on foot= walk to school步行去学校go to…on foot = walk to …5.Classes start at 8 am, and I am seldom late.〔page17〕①Start 在这里是不与物动词,开始.同义词：begin 反义词：end、finish还可以做与物动词,后加n./pren./to do/doingstart at: 几点开始②be late: 迟到be late for school ····迟到如：He gets up late in the morning,so he is often late for shcool.Later 副词. 后来,过后. 一段时间+later 如：He come back two days later.③at 在这里表示时间,"在〞如：at half past two 在两点半注意：arrive+地点名词=reach /get to 〔但是后面是home、here、there则不需要加介词〕6.I enjoy learning about different places in the world.〔page17〕①Different:不同的.反义词：sameBe different from "与····不同〞② enjoy doing sth= like/love doing sth. very much 喜欢做某事③learn about:获悉；了解7.We have our morning break at 9:50.a.m.〔page17〕Break n. 可数名词休息. have /take a break=have /take a rest 休息一下V.动词.打破,打碎. Break the window 打破了窗户11.When the bell rings, I run to the playground withmy best friends Tom and Jack.〔page17〕①when在这里不是表示询问时间,而是一个连词,表示"当···时候〞,后面加一个句子.此处连接两个先后发生的动作；也可表示两个动作同时发生.② ring 是不与物动词,"打〞n. ,环形物〔戒指〕.如：give sb. a ring给某人打个. A magic ring 一枚魔戒12.How Short it is.〔page17>这是一个由"how〞引起的感叹句句型为：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语〔有时也可以省掉主谓语〕What+a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！What a kind man he is！What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语！What fine weather it is today！What beautiful flowers these are！exercise是练习,一般用语,可指训练,锻炼,操练等①作可数名词用,"练习,习题,体操,功课,操练〞等,常用复数.I'm doing my exercises.我在做练习/功课.②作不可数名词用,"锻炼,运动〞.Take more exercise,and you will be healthy.多多锻炼,你会健康的.③作动词用,"训练,锻炼〞.You must exercise yourself in order to be stronger and healthier.为了更健康更强壮,你必须锻炼自己.Grammar一、一般现在时〔一〕含义：表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征或状态.1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态.如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作.如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床.3.表示客观现实和普遍真理.如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转.4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来.如：If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a party. 如果你今天下午来,我们就举行一个宴会.5. 一般现在时还可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排将要发生的情况〔这时都有一个表示未来时间的状语〕.但仅限于少数动词.如: begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, return, stop, close等.如：The meeting begins at seven. 7点开会.〔二〕一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be<am,is,are>+其它.如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩.2.行为动词：主语+行为动词<+其它>.如：We study English.我们学习英语.当主语为第三人称单数<he, she,it>时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数,即要在动词后加"-s" 或"-es".如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语.〔三〕一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化.①否定句：主语+ be + not +其它.如：He is not a worker.他不是工人.②一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它.如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句.如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化.〔do/does〕①否定句：主语+ don't< doesn't > +动词原形<+其它>.如：I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句.如：She does not play the guitar.②一般疑问句：Do< Does > +主语+动词原形+其它.如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句.如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句.如：How does your father go to work?〔四〕动词碰到第三人称单数时,要进行相应的变化:动词+s的变化规则1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks work - works2. 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3. 以"辅音字母+y〞结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如：study-studies carry - carries4. have - has二、频度副词一般现在时常用下列副词或副词短语来作时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes , seldom, hardly, never, every day<week, year, night>, on Sundays, on Monday, in the evening, once/ twice/ three times a month例句: I often visit my teachers. 我经常看望我的老师.例句: They do morning exercises every day. 他们每天做早操.①其中根据频度的"密疏〞,频度副词的排列顺序是：always, usually, often, sometimes ,②频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,be动词、助动词和情态动词之后；而副词短语经常位于句末或句首.例如：I often get up early. 我经常起得早.He is always kind to others. 他总是对别人很好.I walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学.③对频度副词提问时,用how often.--How often do you go to see your grandparents? --Once a week.7A Unit3 The EarthⅠ核心词汇：Earth 地球quiz 小测试pattern 模式protect 保护report 报告part 部分land 陆地v.登陆field 田地large 大的provide 提供pollution 污染burn 燃烧energy 能源ground 地面kill 杀死important 重要的fact 事实kilometer 公里own 拥有catch 捕捉problem问题pollute<动词> 污染call v.呼叫,称呼,打给···Ⅱ重要短语:protect tne Earth 保护地球protect sb./sth.from 保护某人/物,使不受伤害provide…..with为…..提供be covered by 被····覆盖make energy 制造能源put….into把…..倒入、放入〕……stop doing sth 停止做某事<不做这件事了〕只指一件事stop to do sth停下来做某事〔停止做这件事,去做另外一件事〕throw away扔掉throw about 乱扔如：Don’t throw ab out the waste paper.have a good time 玩得高兴=enjoy oneselfget up 起床Ⅲ重点句型：7.The Earth provides us with air,Water and food.8.It's +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.9.There be +主语+介词短语10.We can ask people not to do sth.Ⅳ详细讲解：1.some are large.<page31>3.It's important for us to protect the Earth for our future.<page31>为了我们的未来,保护地球很重要.注意：It's +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.It在句中作形式主语,整整的主语为不定式to protect the Earth.动词不定式作主语,可以放在句前也可以放在句后. 句中的谓语动词用单数.4.Air has no smell.空气无味.〔page35〕no:①修饰可数名词时,相当于not a/an如：she has no brother=she doesn’t have a brother②修饰不可数名词时或者可数名词复数时,相当于not any.There are no desk in the classroom.=There aren’t any desks in the classroom.5.We can ask people not to eat shark fin soup.我们可以让人们不喝鱼翅汤.〔page37〕Ask sb. to do sth. 要求/请求某人做某事〔固定搭配〕Ask sb. not to do sth.要求/ 请求某人不要做某事如：Our teachers always ask us to do homework after class.8.Fewer and fewer fish in the sea each year.<page39>海洋中的鱼越来越少.①Fewer and fewer 越来越少比较级+and+比较级表示"越来越···〞more and more beautiful.② fish 在这里表示可数名词"鱼〞.表示鱼的数量,单复数是一样的.也可以表示不可数名词"鱼肉〞. We have fish for dinner.10.We need air to breath.我们需要空气来呼吸.①Need sb./sth. to do sth.需要某人/某物做某事Need to do sth. 需要做某事<You need to go there at once>Need doing sth. 需要做某事<主语是物,主动形式表被动：the flowers need watering.>②Need也可作情态动词,但仅用于否定句或疑问句中,后接动词原形.例：Does he need to hand in his examination paper now? 他需要现在交卷吗？- Must I finish my homework now?我必须先在完成我的作业吗？- No,you needn’t.不,不需要.In the end "最后,最终〞常常是单独使用的.At the end of "在···末尾〞Ⅴ语法专讲：Grammar一、名词的数：名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类.可数名词有复数形式.不可数名词一般没有复数形式.可数名词的单数往往要与补丁冠词a或an连用,复数则使用其复数形式.〔一〕可数名词的单复数1. 单数可数名词：表示名词的单数,要在名词前加不定冠词a或an. a加在以辅音开头的名词前,an加在以元音开头的名词前.如：a book an apple（1）少数以辅音字母加o结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s.如：photo-photos相片piano-pianos钢琴zoo-zoos radio-radios2.一些名词的不规则变化①元音发生变化man-men男人woman-women女人foot-feet脚tooth-teeth牙②单复数形式相同Deer-deer鹿fish-fish鱼sheep-sheep绵羊Chinese-Chinese中国人③词尾发生变化Child-children孩子ox-oxen公牛④有些名词只有复数形式Clothes衣服trousers裤子glasses眼镜scissors剪子〔二〕不可数名词1.不可数名词的确切数量的表达方式当表示不可数名词的确切数量时,通常可在不可数名词前面加上表示数量的单位词.a glass of water一杯水two glasses of water两杯水A kilo of meat一公斤肉two kilos of meat两公斤肉2.不可数名词的不确切数量的表达方式当表示不可数名词的各种大概、不确切的数量时,课运用下列单词和短语：单词：not <any> / no没有；little几乎没有；a little / some一些；most大部分；all全部短语：a lot of / lots of /plenty of / much / a great deal of/.... 许多二、There be句型注意事项：3.There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致.〔主谓一致〕①如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用"is〞"was〞.例如：There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the glass.②如果句子的主语是复数名词,be动词就用"are〞"were〞.例如：There are many birds in the tree.There were many people in the street yesterday.2.如果there be 句型后的主语是几个并列名词时,要根据第一个名词的数确定be的形式,如果该名词是单数或不可数名词,be要用单数；若该名词是复数,be用复数.〔就近原则〕如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.3.There be句型表示"存在有〞, have\has表示"拥有〞"所有〞,两者不能同时使用.There is going to have a class meeting next Wednesday. <错>There is going to be a class meeting next Wednesday. <对>下周三有个班会.7A UNIT 4 Seasons重点单词：Australia n.澳大利亚Australian n.澳大利亚人〔复数加s〕footprint n.足迹,脚印wet 潮湿puddle n.水坑snowy adj.下雪多的dry 干燥的kick v.踢town n,城镇Trip n.旅行everything 每件事shine n.光亮,晴天picnic 野餐bright adj.明亮的brightly adv.明亮地spend 花费relative n.亲戚during 在···的时候grandparent 祖父母packet 小包feel 连系动词+形容词"感觉,触摸〞Blow 吹〔the wind blow the rain〕重点短语：Take a tip 去旅行Go on a picnic 去野餐= have a picnicKnock +on/at 敲打put forward "把……向前拨〞,向前移,提出Make snowmen 堆雪人fly kites 放风筝go swimming 游泳go fishing/shopping/boating···经典句型：12.waht about ···？=how about··？意思为"····怎么样呢？〞常用于询问消息或征询意见.后面加n./prep./v-ing 如：How about going home now？13.The weather is ···in ···详细讲解：8.I love all four seasons.四个季节我都喜欢.〔page43〕①All+the/指示代词/物主代词②all+of+n <of可以省略〕如：All of boys in our class are very handsome.all+of+代词〔of不可以省略〕如：All of us want to go Shenzhen.③all作主语的同位语时,放在be动词之后,行为动词之前.如：we all go to school every day.每天我们都去上学.④作人称代词的同位语时,all可以放在这些人称代词之后.如：Our teacher loves us all.⑤all作副词,"全部地,全都〞修饰形容词、副词和介词.如：we are all right.9.Watch us go···看着我们离去··〔page44〕watch sb. do sth.看见某人做过某事〔强调动作的全过程〕watch sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事〔强调动作正在进行〕类似用法的词还有：see, hear10.See how deep the puddles get. 看水坑变得多深.〔page44〕这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,从句由疑问副词how引导,从句的语序是陈述语序. Please tell me how far it is from your home to Yifu.请告诉我从你家到伊芙有多远.11.What is the weather like in spring?〔page44〕= How is the weather in spring?What is sb./sth. like?= How is sb./sth.?询问"某人或某事怎样〞的常用句型.后面可接时间或地点的介词短语.如：what’s the weather like in Beijing?--It’s cloudy.5. In spring, the weather starts to get warm.在春天,天气开始变暖〔page45〕.〔1〕statr意为"开始〞,同义词为begin.均可接to do sth.或doing sth.开始做某事注意：①当谈论一项长期的习惯性的活动时,用动名词. I start learning English.我开始学习英语.②主语是物不是人时,用不定式. It start to snow.③start/begin本身是ing形式时,后面接不定式.I’m starting/ beginning to write the letter.④其后的动词与想法,感情有关时,多用不定式.She began/ started to understand it.〔2〕此外,start还有〔机器〕发动,创办,动身出发等含义.<3> get 作连系动词,意为"变得〞,后常接形容词作表语. The weather starts to get cool.如：The wind is getting stronger and strong. I want to become a teacher.When she saw me, her face turned red. The boy is growing thinner.Eggs soon go bad in hot weather.6. Winter is often cold and snowy.冬天经常寒冷多雪.〔page45〕①snowy形容词,意为"下雪多的〞,是由名词snow加y构成的.② Snow 作不可数名词"雪〞；作可数名词"一场雪〞. play with snow. It is a heavy snow.③ snow作动词,意为"下雪〞. It is snowing heavily.雪正下得很大7. People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festival.〔page45〕在春节期间,人们通常都是和亲戚一起度过.<1>①spend 动词"度过〞,spend time with sb.意为"与某人一起度过时光〞I usually spend my free time with my best friend, Tom.②人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth. "某人花费多少时间/金钱在某事上〞如：spend money on books③人+ spend+时间/金钱+ <in> doing sth. 表示"花费多少时间/金钱做某事〞如：She spends all day <in> learning English.<2>during介词,"在……期间〞the Spring Festival= the Chinese New YearDon’t speak during the meal.吃饭时别说话.〔1〕get marry意为"结婚〞（2）be/get married to sb表示与某人结婚.Jane was married to a doctor last month（3）marry sb表示嫁给某人；与......结婚.例如：John married Mary last week.（4）marry sb to sb表示父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇.（5）例如：She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女儿嫁给了一位商人.〔6〕marry作不与物动词时,往往用副词或介词短语来修饰.例如：She married very early. 她很早就结婚了.〔7〕marry 一般不与介词with 连用.例如：She married an Englishman〔8〕若问某某是否结婚,而不涉与结婚的对象,可用be / get married的形式, 相当于系表结构.例如：你结婚了吗？Are you married?/ Have you got marrie4.The weather in the middle and east of China is quite different.〔page54〕中国中部和东部的天气很不相同.weather是不可数名词in the middle在中间Grammar 形容词形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态,一般置于它所修饰的名词之前作定语,或连系动词之后作表语.本单元主要讲解形容词在句中作定语,表语和用在"It is +adj.+to do sth〞句型中.一、形容词的用法1、形容词作定语<1>大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时,其位置在被修饰的名词前,说明名词的品质或特征.She is a tll girl.她是一个高个子女孩.He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师.<2>但在下列情况下,形容词却放在它所修饰的名词之后.a. 当被修饰的词是不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything,nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词,作定语时要后置.I would like something cheap.我想要点便宜的东西.Is there anything new in that book?那本书里有什么新东西吗？b. 形容词短语作定语时,要放在所修饰的名词的后面.这些形容词短语多由"形容词+介。
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