跨文化商务沟通 第一章

跨文化沟通中的非语言的沟通障碍摘要语言是人类最直接表达感情的方式，但语言不是唯一的表达方式。

非语言在人际交往与商务沟通中具有极其重要的意义。

非语言的情感表达是通过声音、面部表情、手势、以及空间距离等来进行的沟通。

有时，在沟通中，语言传递的信息不一定是最准确，最真实的心想法，但是我们可以通过非语言形式了解对方的心情及其心想法，从而思考对策，建立友好的商务关系。

在国际商务沟通中，由于不同的民族有着不同的文化，一个不起眼的动作可能会引起对方的误会，造成商务沟通的失败所以，在商务沟通中，我们不可忽视非语言的重要性。

对此，在沟通中要时刻注意自己的表情、动作以及声音质量，也要注意对方的表情、形态等，可以从中获得信息以及对方的想法。

知己知彼方能百战百胜，，所以我们要从非语言沟通文化中研究其重要性以及需要注意的文化差异。

从而促进商务关系的建立。

关键词：声音，面部表情，手势，空间距离Nonverbal munication barriers in cross-cultural municationAbstractLanguage is the most direct form of affection, but language is not the only way of expression. The language in interpersonal munication and business munication is of great significance. Nonverbal emotional expression is through voice, facial expressions, gestures, as well as the space distance and so on for munication. Sometimes, in the munication, language transfer is not necessarily the most accurate information, the most true inner thoughts, but we can understand each other's mood through nonverbal forms and their inner thoughts, countermeasures to thinking, to establish friendly business relations.In international business munication, due to the different nationalities have different cultures, an obscure action may cause the misunderstanding of the other party, causing the failure of the business munication, therefore, in business munication, we must not ignore the importance of nonverbal. To pay more attention to their own expression in munication, movement and sound quality, also should pay attention to the other person's facial expression, forms, etc., can get information, and each other's ideas. Know thy enemy. Can ever victorious, so we should study from the culture of nonverbal munication and need to be aware of the importance of cultural differences. To promote the establishment of business relations.Key Words: voice, facial expressions, gestures, space distance目录第1章绪论I I I1.1研究背景 11.2研究意义 11.3研究容 11.4论文组织 1 第2章非语言沟通中的声音品质 22.1声音速度 22.2声音音调 22.3声音补白 22.3声音质量 2 第3章非语言沟通中的面部表情33.1目光的接触 (3)3.2嘴部的表达 (3)3.2.1微笑 (3)3.2.2抿嘴巴 (3)3.2.3咬嘴唇 (4)3.3鼻子的情感表达 (4)第4章非语言沟通中的空间距离54.1公共距离 (5)4.2社交距离 (5)4.3私人距离 (5)4.4亲密距离 (5)第5章非语言沟通中的手势 (6)5.1见面问候 (6)5.2竖手指 (6)5.3打招呼 (6)结论7 参考文献8辞9第1章绪论1.1 研究背景在跨文化商务沟通中，非语言的因素会造成沟通障碍，在此情况下，并不利于建立双方合作伙伴关系，在此我们将做详细分析。

Text 1 Culture and Communication 文化与交际(翻译官：彭炳铭2019.9.20.)Paragraph 1.The term “culture” comes from anthropologists’ studies of human societies. 文化这一术语出自人类学家对人类社会的研究。

Culture is the particular configuration of behaviors, norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and basic assumptions that differ from society to society .文化是由特定行为、道德规范、态度、价值观、信仰、和基本假说等要素构成，这些要素因社会不同而不同。

This means that culture is not “objective” in the sense that phenomena in the natural world are (or seem to be ) objective.意思是：大自然的现象都是客观的，在这个意义上讲，文化就不是“客观的”。

Culture can look different depending upon who does the looking, when they look and from what direction.1/ 20文化看起来是不同的，这有赖于谁在看、何时看、从什么方向（角度）来看。

This makes culture difficult to grasp. 这就使得文化很难掌握。

Paragraph 2.Culture has been defined in many ways but a classic definition is : 文化的定义是多方面的，但有一个经典的定义是：Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior, acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups … the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.”【译文】文化包含各种外显和内隐的行为模式，这些行为模式通过符号习得和传播，构成了人类群体与众不同的成就。

跨文化商务沟通中文版pdf
1 跨文化商务沟通的意义
跨文化商务沟通指的是不同文化背景之间进行商务交流的过程。

在全球化的今天，各种文化之间的交流和合作越来越频繁，因此跨文
化商务沟通的能力已经成为我们必不可少的技能之一。

一方面，跨文
化商务沟通可以增进相互信任，提高工作效率和质量，减少误解和矛盾；另一方面，能够有效地应对不同文化间的差异，加强合作关系，
提高竞争力，拓展市场。

2 跨文化商务沟通的挑战
跨文化商务沟通涉及到语言、文化、历史、习惯等方方面面，因
此对沟通双方的语言能力、文化素质、人际交往能力都有着较高的要求。

其中最大的挑战就是文化差异，不同的文化背景可能会影响到双
方的认识和行为方式。

比如，在与中国商务人员交流时，会涉及到
“面子文化”的因素，而这在西方文化中并没有这样的概念。

此外，
沟通的效果还可能受到时间差异、地理距离、宗教信仰等因素的影响。

3 如何提高跨文化商务沟通能力
要提高跨文化商务沟通能力，首先要了解对方文化的背景、价值观、习惯和历史。

其次，要增强自身的语言能力、沟通技巧和文化意识，在交流中要注重语气、语速、表达方式、体态语等细节，提高感
官上的理解力，同时也要有耐心和诚信，避免误解和冲突。

最后，还
需要积极主动地了解外部环境和市场情况，扩大自己的视野和经验，从而成为一名跨文化商务人才。

总之，跨文化商务沟通是一项重要的技能，可以帮助我们更好地理解世界和促进商务关系的发展。

通过认真学习和不断练习，我们一定能够成为优秀的跨文化商务人才。

智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案第一章1、The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.culturecommunicationethnocentrismsender答案: ethnocentrism2、The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.intercultural communicationculturebusiness communicationfeedback答案: culture3、A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.ethnocentrismnoisecommunicationhorizontal communication答案: noiseand profits for both the individuals and organizations.lateral communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationintercultural communication答案: business communication5、The communication at the same level in an organization.horizontal communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationlateral communication答案: horizontal communication6、When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as “ life way of a population” in its broad sense, meaning what characterizes the particular way of life of a population.对错答案: 错7、Cul ture is all men’s medium; there is no aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.对错答案: 对8、The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels; a level of norms and values, or an invisible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of some form.错答案: 错9、Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, and communication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.对错答案: 对10、In the global village, neighbors communicate free of troubles and difficulties.对错答案: 错11、With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion and dysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.对错答案: 错第二章1、A good mastery of grammar of one language can guarantee a successful communication.对错答案: 错2、Long before writing was developed,we learned to speak first.对答案: 对3、There should always be an attachment at the end of a business memo.对错答案: 错4、A recommendation report is to recommend something to others.对错答案: 错5、Which is not verbal communication?Chat with your leaders and colleaguesDiscuss an issue in a groupGreeting with a smileLeave a message答案: Greeting with a smile6、____ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.NoiseMessageSourceContext答案: Noise7、It is a universal truth that language is by culture and in turn it __ culture.influenced, reflectsdisplayed, influencesdetermined, reflectsshaped, influences答案: influenced, reflects8、Why should we take notes during a business call?Listen attentivelyServes as a record to take follow-up actionReport on the call to someone elseReflect on the call答案: Listen attentively,Serves as a record to take follow-up action,Report on the call to someone else9、How can you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation?AgeAppearanceInterestOccupation答案: Age,Interest,Occupation10、Before making a business call, what kind of questions can you reflect?Do you need to report to your boss?Do you need to get information?Do you want to sell something, or convince the person of an idea?Do you need to ask for the person’s help or support?person of an idea?,Do you need to ask for the person’s help or support?第三章1、Nonverbal behavior reflects the speaker’s subconciousness.对错答案:A2、Depending on the culture,a smile can indicate joy and amusement, it can also indicate embarrassment.对错答案:A3、Posture is the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.对错答案:对4、Intimate distance is most common when friends, old classmates, acquaintances and relativestalk.对错答案:错5、People in __ cultures usually view silence as lack of communication and are generally ____ with it.low context uncomfortablehigh context uncomfortablehigh context comfortable答案:low context uncomfortable6、Which of the following countries uses high-context language?CanadaGermanyJapanUnited States答案:Japan7、The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying “Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ____.complementingrepeatingcontradictingsubstituting答案:substituting8、Which statements are correct about nonverbalcommunication?Nonverbal behavior is easily controlledA smile sometimes doesn’t mean a sincere smileNonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we derive from conversation.Nonverbal communication is more than the complement of verbal communication.答案:9、How does nonverbal behavior control the pace or flow of communication?Gesture of stoppingClap handsRaise voice答案:Be silent Gesture of stopping Clap hands Raise voice10、Which of the countries belong to individualistic culture?ItalyAmericaFranceGreece答案:Italy America France第四章1、Power distance is a conceptual was developed by Hofstede to describethe extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequallythe power of multinational organizationsthe power differential between developed and less developed countriesthe power difference between men and women答案:2、Hofstede’s _ index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.value orientationcultural dimensionscultural valuespower distance答案:power distance3、These are the most significant studies of cultural values except ___.Hall's High- and Low- Context TheoryKluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five Value OrientationsFons Trompenars’s model of culture with seven dimensionsGeert Hofstede's six Cultural Dimensions答案:Fons Trompenars’s model of culture with seven dimensions4、The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is____.a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipa view of group orientation of social relationshipa view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipnone of the above答案:a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship5、Low-context communication is characterized by explicit speaking.对错答案:对6、Chinese culture is high-context in comparison to western culture.对错答案:对7、Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchical cultures.对错答案:对8、At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.对错答案:错9、Power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions is roughly similar to the value Kluckhohn calls hierarchy.对错答案:错10、In a culture emphasizing masculinity, it is more possible for men to play a nurturing role.对错答案:错第五章1、Etiquette is simply showing respect for others.对错答案:错2、Etiquette refers to the guideline for knowing how to behave appropriately in all situations.错答案:A3、Kiss greeting usually happen between two men in the United States.对错答案:错4、It’s OK to write on someone’s business card.对错答案:B5、A handshake should be friendly or respectful gesture, not a show of physical strength. So we should not squeeze other’s hand too hard.对错答案:A6、Before a dish is served, napkins can be placed either on the plate or on the left of forks.对错答案:A7、You’re invited to a business dinner. When do you take your napkin from the table and place it on your lap?Open it immediately.Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.Wait for the oldest person at the table to take his or hers.Wait for all the ladies to take theirs before taking yours if you are a gentle man.答案:Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.8、Which of the following behavior is appropriate in a business dinner?Use the napkin to wipe your nose.Cut all the food in your plate into small pieces.Sip from the side of the spoon when eating soup.Use the knife with your right hand.答案:CD9、What are the benefits of humor in the workplace?Humor can reduce stress.Humor can block negative emotions.Humor can help people develop rapport with each other.Humor can help solve problems.答案:ABCD10、In many Asian countries, the way you treat someone’s business card is a reflection of:How serious you are about the outcome of the meeting.How much you respect them as a person.What you think of their country.company and title.答案:ABCD第六章and a potential cause of shame to the group.对错答案:A2、Whether an international business negotiation succeeds or not is not only determined by the strategies and skills used in formal negotiation, but also closely related to whether enough careful preparation has been made.对错答案:A3、In the opening phase, the atmosphere is the only factor we should consider.对错答案:错4、Bargaining strength refers to the degree of movement that is possible for each party with respect to individual issues on the agenda.对错答案:错5、In some Asian cultures, they will use communication to encourage harmony, preserve face, and develop ____ relationships.Short-termLong-termMiddle-termShort run答案:Long-term6、The purpose of bargaining is to settle the differences that stand in the way of an agreement. Settling the differences involves____.high-context and low-contextconcession andreappraisaladjustment and compromiseaims and objectives答案:adjustment and compromise7、The proposal should be based on a sound analysis of the buyer’s current situation, taking into account of ____ and ____ within which the transaction takes place.the commercial circumstances, the overall contextthe corporate credit, the bank accounting bookthe manager’s stability, the site selectionthe commercial invoice, the chief negotiator’s ability答案:the commercial circumstances, the overall context8、Differences in____, ____, and____ have a profound impact on how successfully the parties are able to negotiate or conduct business transactions.BehavingWays of thinkingManaging conflictHuman resources答案:9、The political system,____, and the counterpart may in some way determine the success or failure of the negotiation.The legal systemThe business systemThe financial systemInfrastructure and logistics system答案:ABCD10、The specific tasks of the opening phase are concluded: To explain the concrete issueTo create suitable atmosphereTo state proposal in opening phaseTodeclare for our intention。