初中英语语法：八种时态详解与练习
?概念:
央语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
二.种类：（基本时态）
一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时
一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时
亠般现在时
一、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
二、常搭配的时间状语：
always, usually, ofte n, sometimes, every week （day, year, mon th,）, once a week,
on Sun days, etc.
三、基本结构
①be动词（is,am,ar? ；②行为动词（主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s或es外）否定形式：①am/is/are+not②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，贝U在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn',同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does,同时，还原行为动词。例句：
I go to school at 6 every morni ng.每天早上我七点去上学。
Summer follows spri ng.春天之后是夏天。
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary schoo我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
四、基本用法：
1）描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week （mo nth , year , etc.） , sometimes , seldom , usuall 等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：
They raise ducks as a sideli ne他们以养鸭为畐寸业。
She does n't ofte n write to her family, only once a mon th.她不常给家里写信，仅一月一圭寸而已。
I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。
It seldom rains here 这儿很少下雨。
2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
He can speak five foreig n Ian guages他能说五种外语。
That is a beautiful city那是座美丽的城市。
Chan gjia ng River is one of the Ion gest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长河流之一。
She majors in music 她主修音乐。
All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。（强调每个家人）
My sister is always ready to help others .我妹妹总是乐于助人。
3）陈述客观事实、客观真理。
顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态"。例如：
The earth goes around the sun地球绕着太阳转。
Ten mi nus two is eight 十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sou nd光的速度比声音的速度快。
The Un ited States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean美国位于太平洋西岸。
4）根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：
I'll tell him the news whe n he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的词以外，常见的还有：now.
today , no wadays 等等。
练习题：
用动词的适当形式填空：
1. Why Tom absent today ? ( be )
2. Mike _____ (go)to school at seve n in the morni ng.
3. My mother ________ (like) ______ (go) shopp ing.
4.1 can ________ (draw) many beautiful pictures.
5. Does he _______ (like) _________ (jump) ?
6. The students _________ (speak) En glish in class.
7. The student _______ (speak) Chin ese after class.
8. Let's __________ and play football . ( go )
9. He ____________ like swim ming . ( not )
10. ________ your sister study En glish at school ? No , she _________ . ( do )
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. I _____________ (write) to you as soon as I _______ (get) to London.
2. He does n't feel well and ___________ (not eat) any food this morning.
3. He ______ not _______ (see) me come in, for he___________ (read) someth ing with great in terest.
4. Don't make a ni ose. Gran dpa ________ (sleep).
5. It _______ (take) me two hours to fin ish my homework last ni ght.
6. What _____ your mother _______ (do) at eight yesterday eve ning? She ______ (wash) clothes.
7. ______ i t _________ (rain) whe n school was over yesterday?
8 The teacher told us the earth __________ (move) round the sun.
单项选择：
I. __________________________________________ T he stude nts will go to the Summer Palace if it _______________________________________ t omorrow.
A.d on't rain
B. does n't rain
C. won't rain
3. The picture ______ ni ce.
A.lo oks
B.is looked
C.look
D.is look ing
4. She _____ dow n and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lai n C. laid D. lay
6. We shall go to Shan ghai on bus in ess before you ___ back n ext week.
A. wil come
B. came
C. would come
D. come
7. Don't smoke until the plane _____ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take
8. I saw her ___ the room this morni ng. A.to en ter B. en tered C. en ter D. en ters
11. He told us _____ at eight. A. worki ng B. to work C. work D. worked
12. You'd better ______ at home and ______ your homework.
A. to stay, do
B. stay, do
C. to stay, to do
D. stay, to do
14. Uncle Wang knows _______ a washi ng mach ine.
A. how to make
B. to make
C. how maki ng
D. what to make
15. Jim decided ______ Polly to Ling Feng whe n he was back to En gla nd.
A. to leave
B. left
C. leav ing
D. leave
4）改句子
1. We have four less on s.（否定句）
2.1 have many books.（改为否定句）
3. Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）
4.She lives in a small tow n near New York. （改为一般疑问句）
5.1 watch TV every day.（改为一般疑问句）
6. David has got a goal.（改为一般疑问句）
7. We have four less on s.（否定句）
8. Tom does his homework at home.否定句：一般疑问句：划线提问
9.1 usually play football on Friday afternoon.否定句：一般疑问句：划线提问
亠般过去时
一、概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
二、常搭配的时间状语：
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, ni ght, mon th,), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
三、基本结构：
①be动词的过去式(was/were)；
②行为动词的过去式(即在动词原形后加ed,不规则变化的动词除外)
否定形式：①was/were+not②在行为动词前加did n't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
一般过去时用谓语动词的过去式构成，即在动词原形后加ed,不规则变化的特殊动词除
外。例句：
He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么事？
We ofte n played together whe n we were childre n.我们小时候常在一起玩。He used to smoke a lot, but he does n 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。
四、基本用法
主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。
常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.), yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( after noon , eve ning ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , 等等。…)
使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个
时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；二是指"说话、
写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间，在这个意义上，"现在的那个时间点"是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：
He got his driv ing lice nse last mon th.他上个月拿至U了驾照。
--Where's Jim?吉姆在哪里？
--He just wen t out 他刚刚出去。
练习：
写出下列动词的过去式
is/am _______ fly _______ plant ________ are _________ drink _________
play ______ go __________ make ________ do/does _________ worry ________
eat _________ draw _______ p ut ______ throw __________ pass ________
用be动词的适当形式填空
1. The little dog ____ two years old this year.
2. She ______ happy yesterday.
3. They _____ glad to see each other last mon th.
4. Today ____ the sec ond of June. Yesterday _____ the first of Jun e. It _____ Childre n's Day. All the stude nts _____ very excited.
句型变换：
1 There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：_________________________________________________________________________
一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_________________________________________________________________________
否定回答：_________________________________________________________________________
2 They played football in the playgro und.
否定句：_________________________________________________________________________
一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_________________________________________________________________________
否定回答：_________________________________________________________________________ 用所给动词的适当形式填空:
I. 1 _____ (watch) a carto on on Saturday.
2. Her father ______ (read) a n ewspaper last ni ght.
3. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car.
4. _____ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. Gao Sha n _______ (put) the book on his head a mome nt ago.
6. Don't _____ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clea n)
7. What ________ she _________ (find) in the garde n last morning?
She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
8. What ________ you ______ j ust now? I ________ s ome housework. (do)
9 We all ________ (have) a good time last ni ght.
10. She likes _______ n ewspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. (read)
II. He _________ football now, but they _________ b asketball just now. (play)
句型转换：
1、Lucy did her homework at home.
(改否定句)Lucy _________________________ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)
__________ he ______________________ meat in the fridge?
3、She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问)
_______________________________ she ___________ t here?
4、There was some orange in the cup(变一般疑问句)
________ there ____________ o range in the cup?
中译英：
1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
1 _______________________________________ excit ing weeke nd.
2 Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。
Jenny likes ___________________ . She _________ a n En glish book last ni ght.
3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。