v-ing 形式作状语
v-ing 形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关
系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when, while , after, if, unless, although , though 等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。
1.作时间状语
Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息,她感到害怕。
Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.
Turning around , he saw a tiger running up.
2.作结果状语
The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
Her husband died, leaving her four children.
They fired, killing many people in the street.
3.作伴随状语
He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.
He came running.
She stood waiting for a bus.
He sat there reading a book.
The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
4.作原因状语
Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。
Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.
Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn
't get in touch with him.
5.作让步状语
Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。
Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读,她总是竭尽全力。
Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕, 他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。
6.作条件状语
Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。
Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作,每天做三双
鞋。
Using your head, you 'll find a good way.
Working hard, you 'll surely succeed.
7. 作目的状语
He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚,想通过考试。注意：
、V-ing 的时态和语态。
F 表以动词
:
1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作在与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生，完成式则表示该动 作发生在
谓语动作之前，在句中只能作状语表示时间和原因。如：
Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside.（分词动作与谓语动作同时发生 ） The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones.（分词动作在谓语动作之后发生 ） Havi ng fini shed his homework, the boy went out to play football.（
分词动
作在谓语动作之前发生
）
Having turned off the TV set, he baga n to do his homework.
2.现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出，而被动式表明主语承受该动作。如： Being no ticed by so many people, she felt n ervous, not knowing what to say. Being helped by the teacher, she will lear n En glish well. Having bee n show n the lab, we were take n to see the library.
Having bee n tran slated into many Ian guages, the book was widely read all over the world.
Not havi ng heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. Not havi ng bee n washed in the correct way, the coat has faded.
二、现在分词可以与 when, while, if, though 等连词使用。如：
When doing your homework, you must n't liste n to the music.
Though hav ing bee n warned many times, she got to school late aga in. While read ing the book, she no dded from time to time.
三、v-ing 形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
Rushi ng into the dinin g-room, supper was wait ing for me. （ X ） Rushi ng into the dinin g-room, I found supper was wait ing for me. While visit ing a stra nge city, a guide-book is very help ful.
（ X ） While visit ing a stra nge city, you may find a guide-book very help ful. 四、当现在分词的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，可以带有自己的主语 属于独立主格结构，有时前面还可加介词 with 构成复合结构。
3. 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加
加在have 前。如：
not （never ）。注意完成式的否定式应将 not （never ）
--名词或代词主格。这样的结构
