牛津译林版高中英语选修八Grammar and usage1. serve (P8)v. [T] in a shop, restaurant or hotel, to deal with a customer by taking their order, showing or selling them goods etc: 服务,接待Are you being served, madam?That's the restaurant where they refused to serve Giles because he was so rude.v.[I or T] to provide food or drinks: 提供食物,饮料等Do they serve meals in the bar?Breakfast is served in the restaurant between 7 and 9We arrived at the hotel and were served with champagne and canapés.All recipes in this book, unless otherwise stated, will serve (= be enough for) 4 to 5 people.[+ object + adjective] Serve the tarts hot with custard or whipped cream.v.[T] to provide with something that is needed: 提供所需之物London's hospitals, so says the report, are out of touch with the communities that they serve.v.[I or T] to work for; to do your duty to: 服务,工作,服役He served in the army in India for twenty years.She has served on the committee for the last fifteen years.He served under Harold Wilson as Transport Minister.servicen. [U] the act of dealing with a customer in a shop, restaurant or hotel by taking their order, showing or selling them goods, etc: 服务,接待The only trouble with this café is that the service is so slow.[C] a system or organization that provides for a basic public need:the ambulance/health/postal/prison service[C or U] the operation of a system:There isn't any railway service on Sundays.We hope to be operating a normal service as soon as possible.services plural noun UKa place beside a large road at which fuel, food, drink and other items that people want on their journey are sold:We stopped at the services to get petrol.servantn.a person who is employed in another person's house, doing jobs such as cooking and cleaning, especially in the pastpublic servant/servant of the state a person who works for the government:Public servants should be incorruptible.in servicein use:v. [T]1)to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown: 抚养Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents.The lambs had to be raised by hand (= fed artificial milk by people)when their mother died.The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs.The soil around here isn't good enough for raising (= growing) crops.2) to cause sth. to increase or become bigger, better, higher, etc: 抬高, 提高The government plan to raise taxes.I had to raise my voice (= speak more loudly) to make myself heard over the noise. The inspector said that standards at the school had to be raised.Our little chat has raised my spirits (= made me feel happier).3) to lift sth. to a higher position: 举起Would all those in favor please raise their hands?He raised the window and leaned out.Mary Quant was the first fashion designer to raise hemlines.3. abuse (9)v. [T] 1) to use or treat someone or sth. wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage: 虐待She is continually abusing her position/authority by getting other people to do things for her.I never expected that he would abuse the trust I placed in him.Several of the children had been sexually/physically/emotionally abused.2) to speak to someone rudely or cruelly: 辱骂The crowd started abusing him after he failed to save a goal.n. [U] rude and offensive words said to another person: 辱骂He had apparently experienced a lot of verbal abuse from his co-workers.He hurled (a stream/torrent of) abuse at her (= He said a lot of rude and offensive things to her).'Idiot!' is a mild term of abuse (= an insulting expression).child abusen. [U] when adults intentionally treat children in a cruel or violent way: 虐待儿童4. get caught (P9)v. [L + past participle] (getting, got, got or US gotten) sometimes used instead of 'be' to form the passive:I got shout ed at by some idiot for walking past his house.They're getting marri ed later this year.pressv. [I or T; usually + adv. or prep.] to push sth. firmly, often without causing it to move permanently further away from you: 按,压Press the button to start the machine.He pressed his face against the window.Can you press a bit harder on my shoulders, please?The crowd pressed against the locked doors trying to get into the building.Press down firmly on the lever.[T] to make clothes smooth by ironing them: 熨烫I'll just press these trousers.[T] to put a weight on fruit in order to remove the juice: 榨汁to press grapes[T] to make a record or CD: 制唱片Over 3000 copies of the CD were pressed and sent some out to college radio stations. [T] to make sth. flat and firm by putting it under sth. heavy: 压扁The children pressed some flowers.pressed turkey breastn. [C usually singular] a firm push against sth. using the fingers: 按,压To start the machine, just give this button a press.[S] when you make cloth smooth with an iron: 熨烫Can you give this shirt a quick press?[C] a piece of equipment which is used to put weight on something in order to crush it, remove liquid from it or to make it flat: 熨斗a garlic/trouser/wine pressto try hard to persuade someone to do something: 强迫,迫使[+ object + to infinitive] The committee pressed him to reveal more information.He's pressing me for an answer.Can I press you further on(= persuade you to say more about) this issue?pressuren. [U] the force you produce when you press sth.: 压力He put too much pressure on the door handle and it snapped.You can stop bleeding by applying pressure close to the injured area.[C or U] the force that a liquid or gas produces when it presses against an area:gas/water pressureThe new material allows the company to make gas pipes which withstand higher pressures.The gas is stored under pressure (= in a container which keeps it at a higher pressure than it would usually have).[U] when someone tries to make someone else do sth. by arguing, persuading, etc: 压力(抽象)public/political pressureTeachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours.[+ to infinitive] Pressure to abandon the new motorway is increasing.The government is facing pressure from environmental campaigners.He only asked her under pressure from his wife (= because his wife forced him to). She's putting pressure on him (= trying to persuade him) to get married.FORMAL The international community are trying to bring pressure to bear on the government (= trying to persuade them) to resolve the situation.[C or U] a difficult situation that makes you feel worried or unhappy:She's got a lot of pressure on her at work just now.Be nice to him - he's been under a lot of pressure recently.Can you work well under pressure?n.[C] a suggestion that sth. unpleasant or violent will happen, especially if a particular action or order is not followed: 威胁[+ to infinitive] She carried out her threat to throw away any clothes that were left on the floor.The threat of jail failed to deter him from petty crime.Drunken drivers pose a serious threat (= cause a lot of harm) to other road users.He says he'll tell the authorities but it's just an empty threat (= it will not happen).be under threat of sth.to be in a situation where people are threatening you with sth. bad or unpleasant: 在……的威胁之下She left the country under threat of arrest if she returned.threatenv. [T] to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them, or cause problems for them if they do not do what you want: 威胁They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun.[+ to infinitive] They threatened to kill him unless he did as they asked.[I] If sth. bad threatens to happen, it is likely to happen: 预兆,征兆Look at those clouds! There's a storm threatening.[T] to be likely to cause harm or damage to sth. or someone: 对……造成威胁v. [I or T] to fight against sth. or someone that is attacking you: 抗拒……的诱惑The soldiers resisted (the enemy attacks) for two days.[T] to refuse to accept or be changed by sth.: 拒绝The party leader resisted demands for his resignation.He tried to run away from the police and was charged with resisting arrest.The new hybrid crops are much better at resisting disease.[T] to stop yourself from doing sth. that you want to do: 克制自己去做某事I can never resist temptation/chocolate/the urge to laugh.[+ ing form of verb] She couldn't resist laughing at him in those clothes.resistancen. [U] when sth. or someone resists:resistance to diseaseGovernment troops offered no resistance (to the rebels).There's a lot of resistance (= opposition) to the idea of a united Europe.[U] a force which acts to stop the progress of sth. or make it slower:The car's speed was reduced by air/wind resistance.[C or U] SPECIALIZED the degree to which a substance prevents the flow of an electric current through it:Copper has (a) low resistance.resistantadj. 1) not wanting to accept sth., especially changes or new ideas:Why are you so resistant to change?2) not harmed or affected by sth.:a stain-resistant carpeta disease-resistant variety of tomato。
