This document is under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND Creative Commons Attribution Grid Workf
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:1.38 MB
- 文档页数:9
英语报关问题解释Captivating the essence of international trade, the intricacies of customs clearance in English can be both a gateway to global markets and a labyrinth of regulations. When venturing into the realm of exporting and importing, understanding the nuances of English customs documentation is not just beneficial but imperative.First and foremost, the term "customs clearance" refers to the process by which goods are approved to enter or leave a country. This process involves a meticulous examination of documents, a declaration of the goods, and the payment of duties and taxes as required. It's a crucial step that ensures compliance with national laws and international agreements, safeguarding the economic and security interests of the state.In the English language, customs clearance is often associated with a suite of documents that are as diverse as the goods themselves. The Commercial Invoice, for instance,is a crucial document that itemizes the shipment, providing a detailed description of the goods, their quantity, and value. This document is the cornerstone for calculating duties and taxes.Another pivotal document is the Bill of Lading, which serves as a contract between the shipper and the carrier, outlining the terms of the shipment and the conditions underwhich the goods are transported. It also acts as a receipt of shipment and a document of title, which can be essential for financial transactions.The Packing List, while seemingly straightforward, is equally important. It details the number of packages in a shipment, their contents, and often includes measurements and weights. This document aids in the identification and verification of the shipment's contents.Customs declarations are the formal statements made bythe importer or exporter, detailing the nature of the goods and their intended use. These declarations are subject to scrutiny and are vital for the assessment of duties and taxes.Moreover, understanding the terminology is key. Termslike 'Harmonized System Code' (HS Code), which is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products, or 'Customs Valuation', whichrefers to the process of determining the value of goods for duty purposes, are commonplace in the customs lexicon.Navigating the complexities of English customs clearance requires not only a grasp of the language but also a keen awareness of the legal and procedural frameworks. It's afield where attention to detail is as important as theability to communicate effectively in English.In conclusion, mastering the art of English customs clearance is a blend of technical knowledge, linguistic proficiency, and a strategic approach to international trade.It's a domain where every word, every document, and every declaration counts, making it an indispensable aspect of global commerce.。
英文合同常见条款表达方式1. 前言Preamble一份标准英文合同通常可以分为前言( Preamble )、正文( Operative part )、附录( Schedule )及证明部分即结束词( Attestation )四大部分组成。
前言(Preamble )由Parties ^及Recitals ” 两部分组成。
“Parties ”为必备条款,在很多时候称为“ commencement ”即合同的开场白,主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、注册地及地址、邮编及在合同中的简称。
当然,并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素,在许多简单合同中,只是提一下各方的名称。
I. 以下为’Parties ”的常用表达方式:1. This Agreement is entered into by and between __ and ____ .本协议由以下双方_____ 和___ 签署。
2. This Agreement is entered into by and between __ (hereinafter referred to as ___ )and ___ (hereinafter referred to as " ____ "), whereby it is agreed as follows:本协议由以下双方_____ (以下简称_____ )和 ______ (以下简称___)签署,达成如下协议:注:在很多合同中,这部分加入签约事由,如:This Agreement is entered into through friendly negotiations between ____ Co.(hereinafter referred to as the ’Party A ”) and ________ Co. (hereinafter referred to as the’Party B ”)based on equality and mutual benefit to develop business on the terms and conditions set forth below:本协议由_____ (以下称为甲方)和以下称为乙方)为发展业务在平等互利的基础上签订,其条款如下:This Agreement is entered into between __________ (hereinafter referred to as "Company"),and ____ , (hereinafter referred to as "Employee") pursuant to paragraph VIII(2) of theEmployee Handbook, whereby it is agreed as follows:本“协议” —(以下简称“公司”与__________ (以下简称“雇员”根据“雇员手册”第Vlll(2)款签署,“协议”内容如下:ll. 以下为标准的“ Parties ”条款:3. This Agreement is made and entered into this ___ t h day of ____ in the year of ____by and between _____ , a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of thelaws of ______ , with its principal place of business at ___________ (hereinafter referred to as “____ ”), and ___ , a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of thelaws of ______ , with its principal place of business at ___________ (hereinafter referred to as “____ ”), whereby it is agreed as follows:本合约由_____ ,在_____ 法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司,其主要营业地点在 _____ (下称_____ ,与_____ ,在_____ 法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司,其主要营业地点______ (下称代理人) ,于______ 日签订和缔结,协议如下:lll. “Recitals ”由数个以"Whereas" 字样开头的句子所组合而成(这些句子俗称为“ Whereas Clauses ”,表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实(例如订约的目的、背景来由等)的共同认识,订立此合约。
Confidentiality AgreementThis Agreement is executed onBETWEEN1.(Disclosing Party)2. (Receiving Party A )3. (Receiving Party B)Background(A)The Parties to this Agreement have agreed to disclose and share certain information for the Purpose, and the Receiving Party has agreed to keep that information confidential, on the terms and conditions set out in this Agreement.1. Operative provisions1.1 DefinitionsIn this document:Agreement means this agreement together with any schedules or annexures any amendments made in accordance with this agreement; Confidential Information means all unpatented inventions, ideas, know-how, concepts, trade secrets, processes, techniques, software, products and all other intellectual property, financial and business information and all other commercially valuable information of the Disclosing Party which the Disclosing Party regards as confidential to it and all copies, notes and records and all related information generated bythe Receiving Party based on or arising out of any such disclosure. Confidential Information excludes, or as the case requires, ceases to include information which is, or becomes:(a) available to the public at the date of its disclosure to the Receiving Party;(b) at the date of its disclosure to the Receiving Party, already properly in the possessionof the Receiving Party in written form otherwise than by prior confidential disclosure from the Disclosing Party;(c) after the date of its disclosure to the Receiving Party, available to the public from sources other than the Receiving Party;(d) after the date of its disclosure to the Receiving Party, properly available to the Receiving Party from a third party having no obligation of confidentiality to the Disclosing Party;(e) demonstrated by the Receiving Party to be independently developed by an employee or agent of the Receiving Party having no knowledge of such information the subject of the disclosure; or(f) required to be disclosed by law;Disclosing Party means the Party which is disclosing information, including Confidential Information;Parties means the parties to this Agreement and their respective successors and permitted assigns, and Party means any one of them; Purpose means the provision of information relating toxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx to undertake due diligence work for the potential sale of the property and business with the controlling party of the property; Receiving Party means the Party which is receiving information, including Confidential Information;Representative of a party means a partner, director, officer, employee, related corporation (as defined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), representative (including financial adviser, legal adviser or accountant) or agent of the party.2. Disclosure and use of Confidential Information2.1In return for the Disclosing Party or any Representative of the Disclosing Party agreeing to disclose or make available any Confidential Information to the Receiving Party, the Receiving Party agrees:(a) to use all Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party solely for the Purpose;(b) to keep confidential all Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party (subject to disclosure permitted under clause 2.2); and(c) otherwise to comply with the terms of this Agreement.2.2The Receiving Party may disclose Confidential Information only to those of his Representatives who:(a) have a need to know (and only to the extent that each has a need to know) for the(b) are aware that the Confidential Information must be kept confidential and are subject to appropriate obligations of confidentiality; and(c) if requested by the Disclosing Party, have agreed in writing to comply with the terms of this document as if the Representative were a party to this document;or if required by law to do so.2.3 The Receiving Party must, at its own expense:(a)ensure, at all times, that each Representative to whom Confidential Information has been disclosed under clause 2.2 complies with this document and any agreement contemplated by paragraph 2.2(b) or by paragraph 2.2(c) (a Confidentiality Agreement);(b) notify the Disclosing Party immediately if it becomes aware of a suspected or actual breach of this document or a Confidentiality Agreement;(c) immediately take all steps reasonably required to prevent or stop the suspected or actual breach of this document or a Confidentiality Agreement;(d) comply with any direction issued by the Disclosing Party and provide any assistance reasonably requested from time to time regarding enforcement of this document or a Confidentiality Agreement; and(e) assign any Confidentiality Agreement to the Disclosing Party at its2.4The Receiving Party must, at all times:(a) deal only with the Disclosing Party or its appointed agent in relation to negotiation for the Sale of the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx; (b) not to contact any person fro the abattoir operation without consent of Disclosing Party;(c) not to visit or inspect the abattoir operation without company or consent of Disclosing Party;3. Security and control3.1 The Receiving Party must:(a) establish and maintain effective security measures to safeguard Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party from disclosure, access or use not authorised by this document; and(b) keep Confidential Information under its control.4. Acknowledgements and indemnity4.1 The Receiving Party acknowledges that it is aware that any breach by the Receiving Party of any obligation in this document may result in the Disclosing Party suffering damage, and that an award of damages may be insufficient to compensate the Disclosing Party for that breach. Accordingly, in addition to other remedies that may be available, theDisclosing Party (and if applicable any other Representative of the Disclosing Party) may seek and obtain injunctive relief against such a breach or a threatened breach.4.2 The Receiving Party acknowledges and agrees that the Disclosing Party has executed this document on behalf of itself and other Representatives of the Disclosing Party, and that this document is intended to be for the benefit of the Disclosing Party and its Representatives.4.3The Receiving Party indemnifies the Disclosing Party and its Representatives (the “indemnitee”) from and against any and all losses, damages, expenses and legal costs (on a solicitor and own client basis and whether incurred by or awarded against the indemnitee) that the indemnitee may sustain or incur as a result, whether directly or indirectly, of any breach bythe Receiving Party of any obligation in this document.4.4 The Receiving Party acknowledges that the Disclosing Party or any of its Representatives:(a) makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the Confidential Information or its usefulness in achieving any purpose; and(b) to the extent not excluded by law, disclaims and excludes all liability for all claims, expenses, losses, damages and costs that theReceiving Party may incur as a result of the Confidential Information, for any reason, being inaccurate or incomplete in any way or incapable of achieving any purpose.5. Intellectual property rightsThe Receiving Party acknowledges that this document does not transfer any interest in any intellectual property, and that the Disclosing Party retains (and does not waive) any rights the Disclosing Party may have in respect of patents, trade marks, copyright, moral rights or other intellectual property or proprietary rights enforceable under the laws of any country.6. ExclusionsThe obligations of confidentiality under this document do not extend to the excluded information.7. Return of Confidential Information7.1 The Disclosing Party may at any time require the Receiving Party to cease using its Confidential Information.7.2 On receiving a notice pursuant to clause 7.1, or upon completion of the Purpose, the Receiving Party’s right to possess or use Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party ceases and the Receiving Party mustimmediately, at the Disclosing Party ’s discretion:(a) return all Confidential Information to the Disclosing Party;(b) destroy and certify in writing to the Disclosing Party the destruction of all Confidential Information;(c) destroy and permit that the Disclosing Party to witness the destruction of all Confidential Information; or(d) destroy all copies, summaries, notes or reproductions of, all Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party in the Receiving Party’s possession or control.8. Continuing obligationsThe obligations of confidentiality under this document continue to apply to the Receiving Party(in addition to any permitted assignee) after assignment or termination of this document or completion of the Purpose.9. WaiverThe failure of the Disclosing Party at any time to insist on performance of any provision of this document is not a waiver of its right at any later time to insist on performance of that or any other provision of this document.10. AssignmentThe Receiving Party must not assign or otherwise transfer any or all of its obligations arising out of this document without the written consent of the Disclosing Party.11. Governing lawThis document is governed by the laws of, and any dispute will be heard in the courts of, the State of New South Wales, AXXXXX.12.ExecutionSIGNED AS AN AGREEMENT。
20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方:XXX乙方:XXX2024商业银行房产抵押借款协议样本版B版本合同目录一览1. 借款人与银行的基本信息1.1 借款人的基本信息1.2 银行的基本信息2. 借款金额与用途2.1 借款金额2.2 借款用途3. 借款期限与还款方式3.1 借款期限3.2 还款方式4. 利率与费用4.1 利率4.2 费用5. 抵押房产5.1 房产基本信息5.2 房产价值评估6. 抵押权设立与变更6.1 抵押权设立6.2 抵押权变更7. 借款的发放与支付7.1 借款的发放7.2 借款的支付8. 借款的管理与监督8.1 借款的管理8.2 借款的监督9. 借款的还款与解除9.1 正常还款9.2 逾期还款9.3 抵押权的实现10. 违约责任10.1 借款人的违约责任10.2 银行的违约责任11. 争议解决11.1 争议的解决方式11.2 争议的管辖法院12. 其他条款12.1 通知与送达12.2 合同的修改与解除12.3 合同的适用法律13. 附录13.1 房产抵押登记证明13.2 借款申请表13.3 其他相关文件14. 签署页14.1 借款人签字14.2 银行签字第一部分:合同如下:第一条借款人与银行的基本信息1.1 借款人的基本信息1.1.1 借款人名称:____________1.1.2 借款人地址:____________1.1.3 借款人联系人:____________1.1.4 借款人联系电话:____________1.1.5 借款人身份证号码:____________1.2 银行的基本信息1.2.1 银行名称:____________1.2.2 银行地址:____________1.2.3 银行联系人:____________1.2.4 银行联系电话:____________1.2.5 银行开户行名称:____________1.2.6 银行开户行地址:____________第二条借款金额与用途2.1 借款金额2.1.1 借款本金金额:人民币(大写):____________元整(小写):____________元2.1.2 借款利息金额:人民币(大写):____________元整(小写):____________元2.1.3 借款总额:人民币(大写):____________元整(小写):____________元2.2 借款用途2.2.1 借款人需明确说明借款的具体用途,并承诺用于合法、合规的用途第三条借款期限与还款方式3.1 借款期限3.1.1 借款期限为____________个月/年3.1.2 借款期限自借款发放之日起计算3.2 还款方式3.2.1 借款人同意按照银行规定的还款计划进行还款3.2.2 还款方式包括但不限于等额本息、等额本金、按期还息到期还款等第四条利率与费用4.1 利率4.1.1 借款利率为年利率____________%,按照银行规定的利率浮动方式进行调整4.1.2 利率调整方式:____________4.2 费用4.2.1 借款人应支付给银行的相关费用包括但不限于:贷款评估费、抵押登记费、保险费、罚息等4.2.2 费用的计算方式、收取标准和支付时间按照银行的规定执行第五条抵押房产5.1 房产基本信息5.1.1 房产地址:____________5.1.2 房产所有权人:____________5.1.3 房产面积:____________平方米5.1.4 房产用途:____________5.1.5 房产所有权证号:____________5.2 房产价值评估5.2.1 借款人应按照银行的要求进行房产价值评估5.2.2 房产评估价值:人民币(大写):____________元整(小写):____________元第六条抵押权设立与变更6.1 抵押权设立6.1.1 借款人同意将抵押房产设定为银行借款的抵押物6.1.2 抵押权设立的方式:____________6.1.3 抵押权设立的时间:____________6.2 抵押权变更6.2.1 如抵押权需变更,借款人应提前____________个工作日向银行提出申请,并说明变更原因及变更内容6.2.2 银行同意变更后,双方应签订抵押权变更协议,并办理相应的变更手续第八条借款的发放与支付8.1 借款的发放8.1.1 银行在确认借款人符合贷款条件后,将借款发放至借款人指定的银行账户8.1.2 借款发放时间:____________8.1.3 银行应提供借款发放的书面凭证8.2 借款的支付8.2.1 借款人应按照约定的用途使用借款资金8.2.2 借款人不得将借款资金用于非法、违规的用途8.2.3 借款人应确保借款资金的合理、有效使用第九条借款的管理与监督9.1 借款的管理9.1.1 借款人应按照银行的要求,定期提供借款资金使用情况的报告9.1.2 银行有权对借款人的借款资金使用情况进行检查、监督9.1.3 借款人应配合银行进行借款管理及监督工作9.2 借款的监督9.2.1 银行有权对借款人的财务状况、经营状况等进行监督9.2.2 借款人应保证其提供的信息真实、准确、完整9.2.3 银行有权要求借款人提供必要的证明材料第十条借款的还款与解除10.1 正常还款10.1.1 借款人应按照约定的还款计划进行还款10.1.2 借款人应按时足额支付借款本息10.1.3 借款人未按约定时间还款的,应支付逾期利息,逾期利息的计算方式为:逾期本金×逾期利率×逾期天数10.2 逾期还款10.2.1 借款人未按约定时间足额还款的,构成逾期还款10.2.2 银行有权采取包括但不限于催收、诉讼等措施追讨逾期借款10.2.3 逾期还款的借款人应承担因逾期还款产生的全部费用及损失10.3 抵押权的实现10.3.1 如借款人未按约定时间还款,银行有权依法实现抵押权10.3.2 银行实现抵押权的方式包括但不限于:拍卖、变卖抵押物等10.3.3 借款人应协助银行办理抵押权的实现手续第十一条违约责任11.1 借款人的违约责任11.1.1 借款人未按约定时间、金额还款的,应承担违约责任11.1.2 借款人未按照约定用途使用借款资金的,应承担违约责任11.1.3 借款人提供虚假信息的,应承担违约责任11.2 银行的违约责任11.2.1 银行未按照约定时间发放借款的,应承担违约责任11.2.2 银行未按照约定利率提供贷款的,应承担违约责任11.2.3 银行未按照约定履行借款管理及监督职责的,应承担违约责任第十二条争议解决12.1 争议的解决方式12.1.1 双方发生的争议,应通过友好协商解决12.1.2 如协商不成,任何一方均有权向合同约定的管辖法院提起诉讼12.2 争议的管辖法院12.2.1 双方约定,本合同争议的管辖法院为:____________人民法院第十三条其他条款13.1 通知与送达13.1.1 双方之间的通知、送达均以书面形式进行13.1.2 通知、送达地址为双方在合同中约定的联系地址13.2 合同的修改与解除13.2.1 合同的修改、解除需经双方协商一致,并书面确认13.2.2 合同的修改、解除不得影响借款人承担的违约责任13.3 合同的适用法律13.3.1 本合同适用中华人民共和国法律第十四条附录14.1 房产抵押登记证明14.2 借款申请表14.3 其他相关文件第二部分:其他补充性说明和解释说明一:附件列表:1. 房产抵押登记证明附件要求: original copy of the property mortgage registration certificate附件说明: This document serves as evidence of the registration of the mortgage on the property. It includes information about the property, the borrower, and the lender, as well as the terms of the mortgage.2. 借款申请表附件要求: original application form for the loan附件说明:This document contains the borrower's personal information, contact details, and the purpose of the loan. It also includes the borrower's consent to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement.3. 房产所有权证号附件要求: original copy of the property ownership certificate附件说明: This document proves that the borrower owns the property being mortgaged. It includes the property's legal description, the owner's name, and evidence of the owner's right to mortgage the property.4. 房产评估报告附件要求: original appraisal report of the property附件说明:This document provides an independent assessment of the property's value. It is used to determine the amount of the loan and the value of the collateral.5. 借款合同副本附件要求: photocopy of the loan agreement附件说明: This document is a duplicate of the original loan agreement. It includes all the terms and conditions of the loan, including the borrower's obligations and the lender's rights.6. 贷款发放凭证附件要求: original loan disbursement voucher附件说明: This document serves as proof that the lender has disbursed the loan amount to the borrower. It includes the date, the amount disbursed, and the recipient'saccount details.7. 还款计划表附件要求: repayment schedule附件说明:This document outlines the borrower's repayment obligations, including the due dates, payment amounts, and any interest due.8. 房产抵押设立证明附件要求: original certificate of establishment of mortgage附件说明: This document confirms that the mortgage has been properly established on the property. It includes the details of the mortgage and the date of its establishment.9. 房产抵押变更证明附件要求: original certificate of change in mortgage附件说明: This document is issued if there are any changes to the mortgage, such as an extension of the loan term or a reduction in the loan amount.10. 违约通知附件要求: original notice of default附件说明: This document is sent the lender to the borrower when a default occurs. It outlines the nature of the default and the steps required to cure the default.11. 催收信件附件要求: original collection letter附件说明: This document is sent the lender to the borrower to demand payment of the outstanding loan balance. It includes the total amount due, the due date, and the consequences of nonpayment.12. 法律文件附件要求: original legal documents附件说明: This category includes any legal documents that are part of the loan agreement, such as the deed of trust, the promissory note, and any other agreements that govern the relationship between the borrower and the lender.说明二:违约行为及责任认定:1. 逾期还款违约行为: Failure to make loan payments the due date.责任认定: The borrower is required to pay late fees and interest on the outstanding balance until the payment is received. In serious cases, the lender may have the right to declare the entire outstanding balance due immediately.2. 未按约定用途使用借款资金违约行为: Using the loan funds for purposes other than those agreed upon in the loan agreement.责任认定:The borrower is required to repay the outstanding balance immediately and may be subject to additional penalties or fines.3. 提供虚假信息违约行为: Providing false or misleading information to the lender.责任认定: The borrower is liable for any resulting losses or damages and may be required to repay the entire loan amount plus interest.4. 未按约定时间还款违约行为:Failure to make loan payments the agreedupon deadline.责任认定: The borrower is required to pay late fees and。
英语能力介绍1Oh my goodness! Let me tell you about my English abilities. I have been passionate about English for a long time, and it has become an integral part of my life. When it comes to speaking, I performed incredibly well in the English speech contest. I was able to express my thoughts fluently and vividly, and the audience was deeply impressed by my confident and clear pronunciation. How amazing it was!As for listening, I can catch the key points accurately when listening to English podcasts or news. I can understand various accents and dialects, which enables me to communicate smoothly with people from different regions. Isn't it wonderful?Reading is also one of my strengths. I can quickly understand and summarize the main contents when reading English original works. I can delve into the world created by the authors and gain valuable knowledge and inspiration. How fulfilling it is!When it comes to writing, I can express my ideas precisely and logically. I can use rich vocabulary and proper grammar to write beautiful essays and articles. Isn't that great?In conclusion, my English abilities in listening, speaking, reading and writing have enabled me to explore the vast world of English and havebrought me countless wonderful experiences. How lucky I am to have such abilities!2Oh my goodness! Let me tell you about my English abilities. When it comes to communicating with foreign teachers, I can express my viewpoints smoothly without any obstacles. How amazing is that? I remember once during a discussion about environmental protection, I shared my thoughts and suggestions clearly. The foreign teacher was impressed by my fluent language and logical thinking. Isn't it wonderful?In terms of writing, I have a solid foundation as well. My grammar usage is always accurate, and the logic of my articles is strict and coherent. For instance, when writing an essay about cultural differences, I carefully organized my ideas and presented them in a well-structured manner. The teacher praised my writing, saying it was like a masterpiece! How proud I was at that moment!I believe my strong communication skills and excellent writing skills are my advantages in learning English. Do you think so? I will continue to work hard and improve my English abilities to reach a higher level. How exciting the journey ahead will be!3Oh my goodness! Let me tell you about how I've been boosting myEnglish skills. I used to struggle with this language, but now I'm making amazing progress! I firmly believe that consistency is the key. Every single day, without fail, I make it a point to recite a bunch of new words. This habit has really expanded my vocabulary. And reading English articles has also been a crucial part of my routine. By doing so, my comprehension skills have soared!Another thing that has worked wonders for me is attending English training courses. Through systematic learning, I've witnessed remarkable improvements, especially in my listening ability. Before, I would often get lost when listening to English, but now I can catch most of the important points. How exciting is that?I also actively engage in English conversations with friends and practice writing regularly. All these efforts have combined to bring about a significant transformation in my English proficiency. Isn't it amazing? I'm so proud of how far I've come and I'm determined to keep going and keep improving!4Oh my goodness! How important is the ability of English for personal development? Let me tell you! English proficiency can truly open up a world of opportunities. Imagine this, you have an excellent command of English, and suddenly, you are offered a chance to participate in an international exchange program. Isn't that amazing? You get to experiencedifferent cultures, meet new people, and broaden your horizons. This is all because of your good English skills!Also, when it comes to job hunting, English ability can be a huge competitive advantage. For instance, in a highly competitive job market, where everyone has similar qualifications, your outstanding English can make you stand out. You could land that dream job that requires frequent communication with international clients or partners. How wonderful would that be?So, dear friends, never underestimate the significance of having a strong English ability. It is like a key that unlocks countless doors to success and a passport that takes you to places you have never imagined. Isn't it time for us to work harder on improving our English skills?5Oh my goodness! When it comes to my English proficiency, it's truly a remarkable journey of exploration and growth. I have always prided myself on the accuracy of my language usage. Whenever I encounter a complex text, be it a specialized document or a profound literary work, I am able to dissect it with precision and extract the essence with ease. For instance, when translating professional literature, I can grasp the original meaning accurately and offer an impeccably precise translation. How amazing is that?The depth of my language understanding is another aspect that I amparticularly proud of. When delving into English literary masterpieces, I can penetrate the author's intentions and appreciate the subtleties of the language style. I can sense the emotions and thoughts hidden between the lines, as if I were having a profound conversation with the author. Isn't it fascinating?In conclusion, my English abilities have allowed me to navigate the vast sea of the language with confidence and finesse. I am constantly striving to enhance and refine these skills, for the world of English is a never-ending source of wonder and discovery!。
英文终止合同通知函范本Termination NoticeDear [Recipient],This letter serves as formal notice of the termination of the contract between [Party A] and [Party B], effective [termination date]. Please find the relevant details below:1. Parties involved:[Party A]Address:Contactperson:Telephone:[Party B]Address:Contact person:Telephone:2. Identity, Rights and Obligations of Both Parties:[Party A] is [company name], a legal entity organized under the laws of the People's Republic of China, with business registration number [registration number].[Party B] is [company name], a legal entity organized under the laws of [country], registered under [registration number].Under the terms of the contract, [Party A] had the obligation to [contract obligation], while [Party B] had the obligation to [contract obligation].3. Performance, Duration and Breach:The contract was entered into on [contract date] and was originally to remain ineffect until [expiration date]. However, [Party B] has breached the contract by [description of breach].[Party A] has performed all obligations under the contract according to its terms.4. Compliance with Chinese Law:Both parties agree to comply with all laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China relevant to this contract.5. Rights and Obligations of Both Parties:The termination of the contract does not affect the rights and obligations of either party incurred up to the date of termination.6. Legal Effectiveness and Enforceability:The termination of the contract is legally effective and enforceable, and settles all claims and rights between the parties arising from the contract.Please acknowledge receipt of this notice of termination.Sincerely,[Your Name][Your Position]。
全国国际货运代理从业人员资格考试(国际货代英语)试卷及答案答案:一、单项选择.1.D.2.B.3.B.4.B.5.A.6.B.7.D.8.C.9.A.10.B.11.D.12.B.13.B.14.C.15.B.16.B.17.A;18.B.19.B.20.C.二、判断.1.F.2T.3.F.4.T.5.T.6.T.7.T.8.F.9.T.10.T.11.T.12.F.13.F.14.F.15.F.16.T.17..18.T.19.F.20.F.三、多选.(每题2分,共20分)1.ABC.2.BD.3.ABCD.4.AD.5.AB.6.AD.7.AB.8.BC.9.ABC.10.BC.四、英汉互译.(每题1分,共20分)1.英译汉(1)清关(通关);(2)一般货品(件杂货、杂货、一般货品);(3)保险费;(4)分批装运(分批装船);(5)港口拥挤附加费;(6)装货单(装运单、下货纸);(7)等级运价(等级费率、等级货品运价);(8)跟单信用证统一通例.(9)集装箱货运站;(10)保函(保证函)。
2.汉译英(1)shippin.document(transpor.document,transportatio.document,shipmen.document).(2)transshipmen.additional.(3) Ai.Waybill.(4)particula.average;(5)inheren.vice.(6)internationa.trade.(7)constructiv.tota.loss.(8)no tic.o.readiness.(9)custom.formalities.(10)carriag.o.good.b.road(nd)五、英文单证操作.(20分)(1)Chin.XY.impor.an.expor.corp..(2.t.orde..(3.UV.corporation.;(4.Golde.Star.018E.(5.Qingdao.(6.Osaka.(7.GSTU3156712/20’.(8.ITOCH.OSAK.NO.1-800.(9)(on.containe.contents.80.Cartons(CTS).(10.100.Cotto.Towel.(11..KGS;.(12)freigh.prepaid.(13.Qin gdao.Octobe.14...(14.Three(3).(15)BB.shippin.agenc.a.agen.fo.AA.shippin.Co.a.carrier;(1.Chin.XY.impor.an.expor.corp.;(2.100.Cotto.Towel.(3)USD9900;(4.coverin.th.Institut.Carg.Cla use.(A).th.Institut.Wa.Clauses.(5.Octobe.14.。
房屋买卖合同(英文版)6篇篇1HOUSE SALE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENTSeller:Name: ________________________Address: ________________________Buyer:Name: ________________________Address: ________________________Agreement Date: ________________This agreement is made between the Seller and the Buyer for the sale and purchase of a property located at________________________ (hereinafter referred to as "the Property").1. Property Description:The Property is described as follows:- Address: ________________________- City/Town: ________________________- State/Province: ________________________- Zip/Postal Code: ________________________- Lot/Plot No.: ________________________ (if applicable)- Unit No., Apartment No., Floor No., etc.:________________________ (if applicable)- Size of land and building(s): ______________ square meters/square feet, with attached amenities, including ________.- Other details of the property such as surrounding amenities, fixtures, and fittings are specified in the sales brochure/marketing materials/previous agreements and are hereby confirmed by both parties.2. Purchase Price:The agreed purchase price for the Property is $____________ (USD). The amount shall be paid in full as per the terms stated below.3. Terms of Payment:a) A deposit of $____________ (USD) shall be paid by the Buyer to the Seller upon signing this Agreement.b) The balance of $____________ (USD) shall be paid on____________ (closing date) upon successful completion of property transfer procedures.c) All applicable transfer taxes and other costs related to the transfer shall be borne by the Buyer unless otherwise agreed.d) Details of any mortgage or financing arrangement, if applicable, are specified below: ________________________ .e) The payment schedule and terms are binding on both parties. Failure to adhere to the payment schedule may result in legal action and/or termination of this Agreement.4. Property Transfer:The Seller agrees to transfer ownership of the Property to the Buyer on the closing date specified in this Agreement. The Seller shall ensure that all necessary documents for property ownership transfer are provided and signed over to the Buyer on the closing date.5. Possession of Property:Unless otherwise agreed, the Seller shall ensure that possession of the Property is handed over to the Buyer on or before the closing date.6. Warranty and Condition of Property:The Seller guarantees that the Property is free from all legal claims and disputes and is being sold in its current condition. Any latent defects or issues with the Property shall be disclosed by the Seller prior to signing this Agreement.7. Disclosures and Disclosure Statement:The Seller shall provide a disclosure statement, disclosing all known defects or issues with the Property and any other information relevant to the sale. The Buyer shall thoroughly review this statement prior to signing this Agreement.8. Default in Contract Performance:In case of any default by either party in fulfilling the terms of this Agreement, the other party shall have the right to claim damages or seek legal remedies available under law.9. Law and Jurisdiction:This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of theState/Province where the Property is located, and any disputesarising out of this Agreement shall be subject to the jurisdiction of courts in that State/Province.10. Miscellaneous:a) This Agreement may not be modified or altered unless both parties agree in writing.b) Any additional terms and conditions agreed between the parties shall be documented in writing and made a part of this Agreement.c) This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the parties and no prior understanding or representations not specified herein shall be binding on either party.d) Failure by either party to exercise any right or remedy shall not constitute a waiver of any other rights or remedies available under this Agreement or otherwise under law.e) If any term of this Agreement is held invalid or unenforceable by a court of law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.f) This Agreement is made in duplicate originals, each party receiving an equal number of originals for their records.g) The original English version of this Agreement shall be deemed as authentic, and any translation provided for reference only.h) Both parties have read and fully understand this Agreement and agree to be bound by its terms.Seller Signature: ________________________Date: ________________________Buyer Signature: ________________________Date: ________________________Witness Signature (if applicable): ________________________篇2HOUSE PURCHASE AND SALE CONTRACTParty A: BuyerParty B: SellerI. Contract Background and PurposeThis contract is entered into by Party A and Party B for the purpose of buying and selling a house. The parties hereby agree to the following terms and conditions to ensure fair and equitable transactions.II. Property DescriptionThe property is located at [Address]. The house is in good condition, and all details, including its structure, size, amenities, and any other relevant information, are listed in the attached document.III. Contract Price and Payment Terms1. The total contract price for the property is [Price] USD.2. Payment terms: The buyer shall make an initial deposit of [Deposit Amount] USD upon signing this contract. The balance shall be paid in full upon completion of the property transfer and registration of the buyer's name in the property ownership certificate.3. All payments shall be made through bank transfers to the seller's designated account.IV. Property Ownership Transfer1. Upon full payment of the contract price, the seller shall transfer ownership of the property to the buyer.2. The seller shall ensure that there are no legal disputes or encumbrances on the property that could affect its ownership transfer or usage by the buyer.V. Closing Date and Conditions1. The closing date for this contract shall be [Closing Date].2. The sale shall be subject to customary conditions such as receiving necessary approval from governmental authorities, clearance of title, and completion of all paperwork required for property ownership transfer.VI. Representations and WarrantiesThe seller represents and warrants that:1. The property is owned by the seller in full and free of any legal disputes or encumbrances.2. All necessary documents pertaining to the property are genuine and accurate.3. The seller has the legal authority to sell the property and transfer ownership to the buyer.VII. Liabilities and Indemnification1. If the seller breaches this contract, the buyer shall have the right to terminate the contract and claim damages.2. The buyer shall indemnify the seller against any losses arising from the buyer's breach of contract or improper use of the property.VIII. Force MajeureIn case of force majeure events such as natural disasters, acts of war, government restrictions, or other unforeseeable circumstances, either party may suspend or terminate this contract without liability.IX. Miscellanea1. This contract is governed by the laws of [Country/State].2. Any disputes arising from this contract shall be resolved through negotiation or through legal means in [Country/State].3. This contract is binding upon both parties and their legal representatives.4. This contract is in duplicate, with each party holding one copy.5. Any amendments to this contract must be made in writing and signed by both parties.6. This contract becomes effective upon signature by both parties and shall remain valid until fully performed or terminated as per its terms.SIGNED BY:Party A: _____________________ (Signature)Date: _________________Party B: _____________________ (Signature)Date: _________________Witness: _____________________ (Signature)Date: __________________(Note: A witness is not required if both parties are present at the time of signing)_(End of Contract)篇3HOUSE PURCHASE AND SALE CONTRACTParty A: BuyerParty B: SellerIn accordance with the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations, Party A and Party B, upon friendly consultation and mutual equality, agree to purchase and sell a house through this contract.Article 1: Contract ObjectiveThe parties agree to purchase and sell the house located at [address] (hereinafter referred to as the “Property”) in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated in this Contract.Article 2: Property Information1. Property Address: [address]2. Property Type: [type]3. Property Area: [area] square meters4. Ownership Certificate Number: [certificate number]5. Land Use Right Certificate Number: [certificate number]Article 3: Transaction Price and Payment Method1. The transaction price of the Property is ____ RMB (including/excluding tax).2. Payment method: The Buyer shall pay the Seller the total amount of ____ RMB on ____.Article 4: Terms of DeliveryThe Seller shall deliver the Property to the Buyer on ____ and ensure that the Property is free from any encumbrances or disputes.Article 5: Rights and Obligations of the Parties1. Party A shall pay the purchase price in accordance with Article 3.2. Party B shall ensure that the Property is legitimate and ensure that it is delivered to Party A on time.3. Both parties shall perform their respective obligations in a timely and honest manner, and assist each other in handling related procedures.Article 6:违约责任(违约责任in English)In case of any breach of contract by either party, the other party shall be entitled to claim compensation for all losses incurred due to such breach.Article 7: Contract Amendment and TerminationThis Contract cannot be unilaterally amended or terminated by any party without the consent of both parties. Any amendment or termination shall be made in writing and signed by both parties.Article 8: Settlement of DisputesAny dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be settled firstly through friendly consultation between the parties. If no settlement can be reached, either party may submit the dispute to the court with jurisdiction over the Property location for resolution.Article 9: MiscellaneousThis Contract is made in duplicate, with both parties holding one copy each. This Contract becomes effective upon signature by both parties.Party A (Buyer): _________________________ Date: _________ Signature: _________________________ ID No./Company Registration No.: _________________________ Contact Information:_________ Email: _________ Phone No.: _________ Address:_________ Bank Account Information (if applicable): _________ Bank Name: _________ Account No.: _________Party B (Seller): _________________________ Date: _________ Signature: _________________________ ID No./Company Registration No.: _________________________ Contact Information: _________ Email: _________ Phone No.: _________ Address:_________ Bank Account Information (if applicable): _________ Bank Name: _________ Account No.: _________(Note: This is a template contract and should be used as a reference only. It is recommended to consult a professional legal advisor before signing any contract.)--- End of House Purchase and Sale Contract ---篇4HOUSE SALE AND PURCHASE CONTRACTThis House Sale and Purchase Contract ("Contract") is made and entered into on [Date] by and between [Seller's Full Name] (hereinafter referred to as the "Seller") and [Buyer's Full Name] (hereinafter referred to as the "Buyer").1. Property DescriptionThe Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to purchase the property located at [Address] (hereinafter referred to as the "Property"). The Property comprises of [describe the property in detail including its structure, land area, amenities, etc.].2. Property OwnershipThe Seller is the sole owner of the Property and is duly authorized to transfer ownership of the Property to the Buyer. The Seller guarantees that there are no third-party interests or encumbrances on the Property that would impede its transfer to the Buyer.3. Price and Payment TermsThe total purchase price for the Property is [Purchase Price] in United States currency. The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price in full by [Payment Deadline]. The Seller shall provide a receipt for such payment.4. Transaction ConditionsThe transfer of ownership of the Property shall be subject to the following conditions:a) The Property shall be sold as is, without any warranty on its condition or defects, except for any latent defects that are disclosed in writing by the Seller.b) The Seller shall provide all necessary documents to prove ownership and ensure smooth transfer of ownership to the Buyer.c) The Buyer shall conduct any inspections of the Property as necessary prior to purchase. Any defects identified during these inspections must be disclosed by the Seller and agreed in writing by both parties before closing the sale.d) All outstanding debts, taxes, and other financial obligations related to the Property shall be paid by the Seller prior to the transfer of ownership.e) The Seller shall ensure that all applicable transfer taxes and fees are paid during the course of this transaction.5. Closing DateThe closing date for this sale shall be no later than [Closing Date]. Both parties shall meet at the closing to execute all necessary documents for the transfer of ownership of the Property.6. Warranty and RepresentationsThe Seller represents and warrants that:a) The Property is free from any legal action or litigation that could affect its ownership or transfer.b) All information provided by the Seller regarding the Property is true and accurate. Any misrepresentation or omission of fact by the Seller may constitute a breach of this Contract.7. DefaultIf any party fails to perform any obligation under this Contract, the other party may terminate this Contract and seek legal remedies for any losses incurred due to such default.8. Governing LawThis Contract shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of [Country/State]. Any disputes arising out of or in connection with this Contract shall be resolved through binding arbitration or in accordance with the judicial procedures of [Country/State].9. Miscellaneousa) This Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties for the sale of the Property and no modifications shall be made unless agreed in writing by both parties.b) Any amendments or modifications to this Contract must be made in writing and signed by both parties.c) Failure by any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Contract shall not be a waiver of any other rights or remedies available to them.d) This Contract shall be binding on both parties and their respective heirs, representatives, and assigns.In witness whereof, the parties have executed this Contract on the date stated above.Seller: _____________________ Date: ________________Buyer: _____________________ Date: ________________Signature Block (if applicable):(Signature) (Date) (Seller's Name) (Buyer's Name) (Witness Signature if applicable) (Witness Date if applicable) (Witness Name if applicable) Please note that this contract should be printed on legal size paper for proper formatting. 无论您的具体需求是什么,请在签署任何合同之前寻求专业法律咨询以确保您的权益得到充分保护。
Shipment Tracking for Magento 2Setup &User GuideAbout this documentThis document offers the basic knowledge for installing and using the ShipTracker extension for Magento 2.This document is copyrighted © 2018 – 2021 Athanasios Terzis / .The document is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0. license [https:///licenses/by-nd/4.0/] .This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the copyright holder. If you require another use, please email the author in order to acquire such a license and the source to this document.About ShipTrackerThe ShipTracker extension offers automated shipment tracking based on the tracking codes which are saved in the Magento shop (Sales > Shipments). This happens by using 3rd party APIs, for shipment tracking.Also notifies the customer/recipient with an email, every time there is a change in the status of the shipment (Info Received, In Transit, Out for Delivery, Delivered, Failed Attempt, etc.).CompatibilityMagento Open Source 2.2.x, Magento Open Source 2.3.x, Magento Open Source 2.4.xInstallationAfter downloading the package, please do the following:1.Extract/Unpack the zip file.2.Upload the extracted folder in your magento's root folder.3.Enable the module and update the database schema.In the terminal use the following commands:Enable the moduleUpdate the databaseDeploy static filesConfigurationGo to Stores > Configuration > Breakdesigns Extensions > ShipTrackerWeb API1. Select the service you are going to use as Web API.An active account with adequate credits is required, for the extension to work.2. Enter your API KeyThe Web Api services, provide an API key, to their users, for accessing their API.To get your API Key, you better address to your service's documentation and support.•How to get AfterShip Api Key•How to get TrackingMore Api Key3. Set the period/days that you want a shipment, to be monitored (Shipments Monitoring Period). The maximum limit is 60 days.4. If your shop is already in production and has orders and shipments, you better limit our module to monitor shipments (POST new shipments) created before some days, instead of monitoring all of them. This will spare credits and resources to your Web API service, for shipments that are possibly already delivered. For that you can use the setting, New Shipments Lookup PeriodEmailsWith these settings you can determine, when and which notification emails will be send to the customer/recipient.All the email templates, can be customized and overwritten as any email template in magento. For more details on that topic, please read Customize email templates using the Magento Admin. If you create your own customized email templates, you have to come back in this section and select your preferred template.UsageCheck the CarriersNow the module should normally perform most of it's tasks.Though there are cases that require some action.Go to ShipTracker > Carriers and click on the Sync Carriers button.*This page shows the carriers installed in the shop and is used as an interface between the shop's carriers and the web API’s carriers.This is the 1st call to the Web Api, hence it's a good chance to check if the configuration isproper and your web api account is functional. If there is any problem, you will get an error message.If you did not get any error, check if the used carrier codes are validated by the web API.What the validation process does, is to check if the carrier codes used in your shop, are the same as those used by the web tracking API service.If a code is not valid, you need to edit the carrier and set a valid carrie code, that will be used for the communication with the API.Before doing that you better visit the website of your selected web api (AfterShip, TrackingMore, etc.), to learn what are the codes they use for your carriers that seem invalid.You can easily determine a carrier code from the urls of the demo tracking pages relatedwith a carrier, provided by your web api service.e.g. https:///elta-courier/PS205923435GR indicates that the code for theHellenic Post is elta-courier.Beyond setting a web api code, you can edit a carrier to fill in information like a website, a telephone and a logo. These information will be used both in the notification emails and in the tracking page, provided to the user.Add Custom Carriers (Optional)In some cases, you may want to use carriers in your trackings without having the respected carrier modules installed in your shop.In such cases, you can create those custom carriers in ShipTracker. This way you can use them inyour trackings (Shipments>Orders).Go to ShipTracker > Carriers and click the Add Custom Carrier button.Then you have to fill in the respected formThe 2 most important fieldshere are:•Code > The carrier codethat used in your shop(as saved in the table sales_shipment_track)•Web Api Code > The carrier code that the web api uses for that carrier (see previous chapter).TrackingsThis is the page that the shop's admin can use to get informed about the status of a shipment.The Update Trackings button, can be used for deliberate/manual update of the trackings. Themodule automatically sends and fetches information about the trackings every 15minutes through cron jobs. Also the sending of notification emails is automated as well.DetailsBy clicking the details link, you can find details such as the Itinerary/History of the Shipment or the notifications sent to the recipient.I need more helpIf you got stuck and you need more help you can use our support services.If you purchased the extension from the Magento Marketplace, you can ask for support at********************************Support is only offered for the time period after the purchase, referred in the product’s page. After that period, the extension needs to be purchased again, to receive support.。
document的汉语是什么意思document的汉语是什么意思我们除了要知道document准确的英文发音,还要知道它实际的汉语意思。
快来看看店铺为你准备了英语document详细所指的汉语意思,欢迎大家阅读!document的`汉语意思英 [ˈdɒkjumənt] 美 [ˈdɑ:kjumənt]第三人称单数:documents第三人称复数:documents现在分词:documenting过去分词:documented过去式:documented document 基本解释名词公文; (计算机)文档,证件及物动词记录; 证明; 为…提供证明例句1. He documented the case with abundant evidence.他用充分的证据证明这个案子。
2. The book is highly documented.这本书记录了大量史实。
document的单语例句1. Though the document itself would not necessarily represent the stance of the Obama administration, it will act as guidance for the president to formulate his intelligence strategy.2. Hong Kong will submit a bid document to the IOC by Feb 28.3. Four of them resigned and the other one was removed after a document was issued earlier this month by the Heilongjiang Provincial People's Congress.4. Jurin said the finished policy document would be sent to coalition partners later Sunday, before being discussed at the first cabinet meeting Tuesday and then submitted to parliament.5. The Chinese cabinet issued a document last month urging all government officials who invest in coal mines to withdraw their money before today.6. The document included a call for immediate and comprehensive measures to address the situation.7. " We will call this a consultation document and we plan to release it in September, " he said.8. Its milestone document on " harmonious society " has a specific line calling to " exploit the positive functions of religions in promoting social harmony ".9. The campaign will run through to November, says a document made public on Wednesday by the environmental protection bureau.document的词典解释1. 文件;公文;文献;证件A document is one or more official pieces of paper with writing on them.e.g. The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the documents today.两国的外交大臣今天签署了文件。
document的用法和搭配一、什么是”document”“document”一词源自拉丁语”documentum”,最早表示一种书面文件或法律文件。
在现代英语中,“document”通常指的是一份书面或电子的文件或记录,用于记录、传达或反映信息。
二、document的基本用法1. document作为名词作为名词,“document”可用于指代实际的文件或记录。
例如:•I need to print some documents for the meeting.(我需要为会议打印一些文件。
)•The important documents are kept in the safe.(重要的文件被保管在保险箱里。
)2. document作为动词作为动词,“document”表示记录或证明某事物的内容。
例如:•The journalist documented the living conditions of the refugees.(记者记录了难民的生活条件。
)•The scientist documented his findings in a research paper.(科学家在一篇研究论文中记录了他的发现。
)三、document的常见搭配1. document的+名词搭配•document management(文件管理)•document control(文件控制)•document format(文件格式)•document storage(文件存储)•document retrieval(文件检索)2. document的+动词搭配•document a process(记录一个过程)•document an event(记录一个事件)•document evidence(记录证据)•document a meeting(记录一次会议)3. document的+形容词/副词搭配•well-documented(充分记录的)•poorly-documented(记录不充分的)•thoroughly document(充分记录)四、document在不同领域中的应用1. 商业领域在商业领域,公司和组织需要大量的文件来记录和管理业务活动。
英文合同中的陈述与保证条款Provision of Representation and Warranty in Contract合同中的陈述和保证一般包括两方面内容:其一是对公司是否有权签署本协议所做的陈述和保证,包括公司组建设立情况、公司是否对签约人授权签署本合同等;其二是依据合同性质和合同标的需要合同另一方作出特别保证的内容,比如,公司是否存在正在进行的诉讼等。
通过这个条款对这些信息作出保证,保证其在本协议下真实有效。
如果一方违反这个保证,另一方可以采取包括终止合同在内的救济措施,从而最大限度地保护自己。
一、公司是否有权签署本协议所做的陈述和保证例:卖方谨此保证下列事项属实:The Seller hereby represents and warrants as to itself that:本公司为依中华人民共和国法律合法组织存在、享有良好商誉之法律主体;it is a duly organized legal entity, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the People's Republic of China;本公司订立本合约及履行因本合约所致生之义务,不违反订约时之任何中国法令,或违反其它任何本公司为当事人的合约。
its entry into and performance of its obligations under this Agreement do not violate any legal requirements in the People’s Republic of China as of the date hereof or any material agreements to which it is a party.例:甲方为依照公司设立地法律依法设立并存续的有限责任公司,具备签署执行本协议、依照本协议规定行使本协议规定权利和履行本协议规定义务的所有法人权力。
外贸合同范本英文外贸合同范本英文1. IntroductionThis document represents a model of an international trade contract that can be used in the field of foreign trade. It outlines the general terms and conditions that are commonly included in such contracts. It is important to note that this document is a sample and should be customized and adapted to suit the specific needs and requirements of each individual case.2. PartiesThis contract is entered into between the following parties:Seller: [Name of the Seller], a company duly registered and incorporated under the laws of [Country], with its principal place of business at [Address].Buyer: [Name of the Buyer], a company duly registered and incorporated under the laws of [Country], with its principal place of business at [Address].3. GoodsThe Seller agrees to sell, and the Buyer agrees to purchase, the following goods:Description: [Description of the goods]Quantity: [Number of units]Price: [Price per unit]4. DeliveryThe Seller agrees to deliver the goods to the Buyer's designated location according to the agreed upon delivery schedule. The delivery schedule shall be as follows:Start Date: [Date]End Date: [Date]The Seller shall use its best efforts to ensure timely delivery of the goods. However, the Seller shall not be liable for any delays caused by events beyond its control.5. PaymentThe Buyer agrees to pay for the goods according to the following terms:Payment Method: [Payment method]Currency: [Currency]Payment Terms: [Payment terms]The Buyer shall make the payment to the Seller within the agreed upon timeframe. Flure to make the payment within the specified timeframe shall constitute a breach of contract.6. Governing Law and JurisdictionThis contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Country]. Any disputes arising out of or in connection with this contract shall be settled amicably through negotiation. If a resolution cannot be reached, the parties agree to submit the dispute to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of [Country].7. Force MajeureNeither party shall be liable for any flure or delay in the performance of its obligations under this contract if such flure or delay is due to circumstances beyond its reasonable control. Such events may include, but are not limited to, acts of God, war, terrorism, strikes, natural disasters, and government actions.8. Entire AgreementThis contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes any prior agreements or understandings, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter herein. Any modifications to this contract must be made in writing and signed by both parties.9. SeverabilityIf any provision of this contract is held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remning provisions shall not in any way be affected or impred.10. ConfidentialityBoth parties agree to keep confidential any information received from the other party that is marked as confidential or that should reasonably be understood to be confidential. This obligation of confidentiality shall survive the termination of this contract.11. CounterpartsThis contract may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be considered an original and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same instrument.12. SignaturesThis contract shall be executed by the duly authorized representatives of the parties on the date first written below.Signature of Seller:[Name of the authorized representative][Title][Date]Signature of Buyer:[Name of the authorized representative][Title] [Date]。
租房合同英语1. IntroductionA lease agreement, also known as a rental agreement or a tenancy agreement, is a legal document that outlines the terms and conditions between a landlord and a tenant. It establishes the rights and responsibilities of both parties during the rental period. This document aims to provide a sample lease agreement written in English, which can be used as a reference for individuals involved in renting properties.2. Parties InvolvedThis lease agreement is made between the landlord, referred to as the “Lessor,”and the tenant, referred to as the “Lessee.” The Lessor is the owner of the property being rented, while the Lessee is the individual or organization renting the property.3. Property DetailsThe property being rented is described in this section. It includes the address, specific unit or apartment number, and any additional details that may be relevant to identify the property accurately.4. Lease TermThe lease term specifies the duration of the rental agreement. It includes the start date and end date of the lease. Both the Lessor and Lessee must agree to the specified lease term.5. Rent and Payment TermsThis section outlines the rent amount, when it is due, and how it should be paid. It also includes information on any additional fees or charges, such as security deposits or utility payments, that the Lessee may be responsible for.6. Security DepositThe security deposit is a refundable amount of money paid by the Lessee to the Lessor to cover any damages or unpaid rent. This section explains the amount of the security deposit, how it will be held, and the conditions under which it will be returned to the Lessee.7. Maintenance and RepairsBoth the Lessor and Lessee have responsibilities regarding the maintenance and repairs of the property. This section outlines the expectations and procedures forreporting and addressing any maintenance or repair issues that may arise during the tenancy.8. Termination of LeaseThis section explains the conditions under which the lease can be terminated before the agreed-upon end date. It includes information on providing notice, potential penalties for early termination, and any other obligations that must be fulfilled when terminating the lease.9. Governing LawThe governing law section specifies which jurisdiction’s laws govern the lease agreement. It ensures that both parties understand and agree to abide by the laws of the designated jurisdiction.10. Entire AgreementThe entire agreement clause states that the lease agreement represents the entire understanding between the Lessor and Lessee. It clarifies that there are no additional verbal or written agreements that modify or supersede the terms outlined in the lease.11. SignaturesThis section provides spaces for both the Lessor and Lessee to sign and date the lease agreement, indicating their acceptance and agreement to abide by the terms and conditions stated within.Please note that this sample lease agreement is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as legal advice. It is recommended to consult with a qualified legal professional to ensure that any lease agreement complies with local laws and regulations.。
国际结算介绍国际结算(International settlement)Chapter1International settlement is defined as financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another ,in order to settle accounts ,debts,claims and etc.In a word ,international settlement refers to financial activities of settling claims and debts among countries.Chapter2Negotiable instrument is the instrument the right on which can be transferred from one party to another.in broad sense,negotiable instrument refers to any commercial document of title.it is an evidence of someone’s ownership of money or goods that is actually under his control.in narrow sense,negotiation instrument refers to the securities with the purpose of paying.This chapter mainly deals with the narrow sense of negotiable instrument which includes bill of change ,promissory note and cheque2.1.3 characteristics of negotiable instrument s①right setting(设权性):all right of the instrument are followed by the negotiable instruments ,the right of presenting for payment,the right of endorsement ,the right of recourse.②non-causative nature(⽆因性):when the creditor exercises his right,he needn’t indicate the payer the reason③negotiability(流通转让性):the title instruments can be passed from person to person by merely delivery or by endorsement and delivery,后⼿权利不受前⼿权利缺陷⼲预,可获得全部权利④words restriction(⽂义性):all the rights of the instruments are determined according to the written words of the instruments⑤ requisite in form (要式性):requisite in form means a negotiable instrument must be in the inform of a document containing certain required items⑥presentment(提⽰性):⽀付承诺-付款,⽀付命令:两步,承兑然后付款⑦returnability(返还性):债权⼈收到款项,汇票退出流通⑧being of value(有价性):the instrument is a security the write a certain amount of money.⑨recourse(可追索性):当主债务⼈拒付时候,债权⼈有权上上家追讨2.2bill of exchange⼀It is “an unconditional order in writing ,addressed by one person toanother,signed by the person giving it,requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer”⼆.Essential terms:⑴the “bill of exchange”wording;⑵unconditional order to pay;⑶exact amount;⑷date and placeissue;⑸name and place the addressee ;⑹name of payee;restricted,order(限制性开头),demonstrative order(指⽰性开头),bearer order(来⼈票据)⑺name and signature of the drawer(the basic parties);⑻tenor(期限):at ...days after sight(见票多少天),at...days after date(出票后多少天);at... days after B/L date /shipment date(发货多少天)三.legal acts to bill of exchange①draw /issue:draw and sign ,and then deliver it②endorsement:is the signing on the back of a draft ,transferring the ownership and delivering to the endorsee.endorse(背书⼈),endorsee(被背书⼈)Three main different kinds of endorsement:A.special endorsement:both the endorse and endorsee’ name.B.blankendorsement:only includes the endorse’sname ,without the name of the endorsee;C restrictive endorsement:includes restrictive wording,for example,only, not negotiable...③presenting(提⽰) payment ; acceptance--payment.④acceptance(承兑):general acceptance, qualified acceptance:conditional acceptance,partial acceptance,local acceptance,qualified acceptance as to time.⑤payment(⽀付):four conditions must be satisfied.first,payment is made by the payer or acceptor instead of drawer or endorser;second,payment is made on or after the maturity date of the draft;third,payment is made to the holder,and the endorsement must be consecutive and authentic.fourth,payment is made in good faith.⑥dishonor(预付):acceptance/payment is refused;acceptance/payment can not be attained,e.g,where the drawee can be found or where he deliberately avoids the presentment;the drawee is dead or bankrupt,or a fictitious person not having capacity is involved in the bill.Notice of dishonor(退票通知),protest(拒绝证书)⑦right of recourseThe holder has the right to claim the amount of the instrument when dishonor happens没有回头追索权,往前⼿追索⑧guarantee/aval:the third party of instrument will assure that the debtor will fulfil his obligation such as drawer,endorser and payer.A(drawer)—B(payee/endorser)—C(endorse/endorsee)—D(endorsee/holder/creditor)=secondary debtorX(payer/acceptance)primary debtor2.3promissory noteDefinition:a promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker,engaging to pay,on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time,a sum certain in money,to ,or to the order of, specifiedperson or to bearerA(drawer/primary debtor) B(payer/endorser) C(endorsee/endorser)D(endorsee/holder/creditor)Difference s between bill of exchange and promissory notes1. an order、a promise2. basic parties3. primary debtor4. the act of acceptance5. the drawer and the payee of B/E can be the sameperson.6. foreign bills need protesting on dishonor toretain the right of recourse.7. B/E can be drawn in a set while Note only can beissued one copy.2.4 cheque1. It is an unconditional order in writing,signed by the person giving it,requiring the banker to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to ,or to the order of ,a specified person or to bearer.2.Crossing of chequesGeneral crossing:A. No name of a bank is indicated,the form of this type of crossing is as followB:add”banker”between the two parallelsC:add”&Co”between the two parallelsD:add “not negotiable”between the two parallels,which means”do not transfer the cheque”E:add”account payee”between the two parallels.it is instructions for the collecting bank,requiring it to collect only for the payee’s accountSpecial crossing:it contains the name of a bank which means the funds can only be collected through the named bank3.A (drawer)(X paying bank) relative bank ---B(payee/endorser)----C(endorsee/endorser)secondary debtorD(endorsee/holder/creditor)Differences between bills of exchange and cheque1. The payer of check must be a bank, and the drawer is the customer who opensa checking account with the drawee.2. Primary debtor3. There is only demand check.4. Check has the act of crossing and certifying.5. B/E can be drawn in a set while check only can be issued in one copy.6. A check can be canceled before payment, while the B/E’s payment is irrevocable after acceptance.Chapter31.Remittance,as a frequently used payment method in international trade,refers to the transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries.in this chapter,remittance particularly means that a bank ,at the request ofcustomer,transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branch or correspondent bank,instructing it to pay a named person domiciled in that country.Importer exporterRemittance(顺汇法) 资⾦和单据流向⼀致Importer exporterReserve remittance(逆汇法)资⾦与单据流向相反2. types of remittance⼀.Telegraphic transfer(T/T)The remittance bank sends its payment order to the paying bank bycable/telex/SWIFT.it si the most efficient and safest way to transfer fundsRemitter ①beneficiary②③⑤⑥Remitting bank ④paying bank⑦①sign the sales contract;②the remitter fills in an application;③the remitting bank offers the remitter a receipt;④payment order;⑤the paying bank notifies the beneficiary of the payment;⑥the beneficiary gets payment from the paying bank;⑦send a debit advice to the remitting bank⼆.Mail transfer(M/T)The remitting bank ,on the request of the remitter,transfers the funds by mailing a payment order or mail transferadvice,authorizing the paying bank to make payment to the payee or the beneficiary.三demand draft(D/D)Demand draft is a remittance that the remitting bank,at the request of the remitter,draws a demand draft on the paying bank, ordering the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary(the payee of the draft)①Remitter ④beneficiary②③⑤⑥Remitting bank ⑦paying bank①sign the sales contract;② fills in an application for remittance③ draws a demanddraft and delivers it to the remitter④ send the draft to beneficiary⑤ the beneficiary presents the draft ⑥ the paying bank effect payment for beneficiary;⑦the paying bank sends a debit advice to the remitting bank.四.Comparison of T/T,M/T and D/DItems the proceeds occupiedBy remitting bank cost speed safetyT/T NO high fast safeM/T YES low slow payment order may be lost or delayedD/D YES low slow demand draft may be lost or delayed 五.When the paying bank has maintained an account with the remitting bank,a vostro account (来账)from the perspective of the remitting bank is established.when the remitting bank has maintained an account with the paying bank,the nostro account (往账)from the perspective of the remitting bank is establish。
代理商证明书英语代理商证明书英语This Agent Certification serves as an official document certifying the appointment and authorization of an individual or organization as an agent. This document outlines the terms and conditions of the agency agreement and provides detled information about the agent's responsibilities and obligations. All parties involved must carefully review and understand the contents of this certification before entering into any agreement.1. Appointment of AgentThis section specifies the name and contact detls of the agent being appointed and provides a brief background about their qualifications, experience, and expertise. It also mentions the duration of the agency agreement and states the purpose for which the agent has been appointed.2. Agent's Obligations and ResponsibilitiesIn this section, the agent's duties andresponsibilities are clearly outlined. This includes but is not limited to:2.1 Market Development and Promotion:The agent is responsible for promoting and marketing the products or services of the principal. This may involve creating marketing strategies, organizing promotional events, and conducting market research to identifypotential customers.2.2 Sales and Distribution:The agent is expected to actively sell the principal's products or services, negotiate and finalize sales agreements, and handle all related documentation. They should also establish and mntn a strong network of distributors or retlers to ensure the widest possible distribution of the products.2.3 Customer Support:The agent must provide timely and efficient customer support to clients, including addressing inquiries, resolving grievances, and ensuring customer satisfaction.They should serve as a lison between the principal and the customers, acting as a trusted representative of the principal's brand.2.4 Reporting and Documentation:The agent should submit regular reports to the principal, detling sales activities, market conditions, challenges, and opportunities. They should mntn accurate records of sales, inventory, and other relevant data as requested by the principal.3. Principal's Obligations and RightsThis section outlines the obligations of the principal towards the agent. It includes providing necessary trning and product knowledge, equipping the agent with marketing materials, fulfilling orders promptly, and ensuring adequate supply of products.The principal also reserves the right to monitor the agent's performance, conduct periodic reviews, and terminate the agency agreement if the agent fls to meet the agreed-upon targets or breaches any terms and conditions.4. Compensation and Payment TermsThis section discusses the agent's commission structure, payment terms, and any applicable bonuses or incentives. It clarifies the method of calculating commissions, the frequency of payment, and any withholding or deductionsthat may apply.5. Confidentiality and Non-DisclosureBoth parties are obligated to mntn the confidentiality of any proprietary or sensitive information shared during the course of the agency relationship. This section emphasizes the importance of protecting the principal's trade secrets, customer lists, pricing information, and any other confidential data.6. Dispute ResolutionIn the event of any disputes or disagreements arising from the agency agreement, this section outlines the procedures for resolving such conflicts. It may specify alternative dispute resolution methods such as mediation or arbitration and identify the governing law to be followed.7. TerminationThis section explns the circumstances under which either party can terminate the agency agreement, including notice periods and any penalties or consequences that may apply. It also outlines the steps to be taken upon termination to ensure a smooth transition of responsibilities.Attachments:- Annexure A: Agency Agreement- Annexure B: Product Catalog- Annexure C: Sales ReportsLegal Terms and Definitions:- Principal: The company or individual appointing the agent to represent their products or services.- Agent: The individual or organization authorized to act on behalf of the principal.- Agency Agreement: The legal contract governing the relationship between the principal and the agent.。
房屋租赁协议英文5篇篇1RENTAL AGREEMENTThis Rental Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement") is made and executed on [insert date] by and between the property owner/manager identified below as "Owner," and the party identified below as "Tenant," regarding the property described below.Owner:Name: _________________________________________Address: _________________________________________Contact Information: _________________________________________Tenant:Name: _________________________________________Address: _________________________________________Contact Information: _________________________________________Property Description:The property is located at _________________________________ and is identified by its street address, parcel number, and other relevant details as specified in the attached property description.Lease Term:The term of this Agreement shall commence on________________ (Start Date) and shall continue until________________ (End Date). After the End Date, this Agreement shall terminate unless renewed by mutual consent of both parties.Rent:The Tenant shall pay the Owner rent in the amount of________________ per month. The rent shall be paid on a timely manner, on or before the first day of each month.Security Deposit:As a condition of this Agreement, the Tenant shall pay a security deposit in the amount of ________________ to the Owner prior to moving into the property. The security deposit shall be returned to the Tenant at the end of the lease term, followinginspection of the property, unless there are any damages exceeding normal wear and tear.Utilities and Services:The Tenant shall be responsible for all utilities, services, and amenities specified in this Agreement, including but not limited to electricity, water, sewage, internet, cable TV, etc.Maintenance and Repairs:Both parties shall maintain the property in good condition. The Tenant shall promptly notify the Owner of any maintenance issues or repairs needed. The Owner shall make necessary repairs in a timely manner. If either party fails to fulfill their responsibilities, the other party may take appropriate action.Property Usage:The Tenant shall use the property solely for residential purposes and shall not engage in any activities that may cause damage to the property or disturb the neighbors. The Tenant shall comply with all local laws and regulations pertaining to the property.Subletting:The Tenant shall not sublet the property without the prior written consent of the Owner. Any subletting must be approved by the Owner and shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as stated in this Agreement.Termination:This Agreement may be terminated by either party in the event of default by the other party. In case of termination, the Tenant shall vacate the property within a reasonable period of time specified by the Owner. Any disputes related to termination shall be resolved in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction where the property is located.Miscellaneous:This Agreement contains all the terms and conditions agreed upon by both parties. Any changes or modifications to this Agreement must be made in writing and signed by both parties. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the jurisdiction where the property is located. Both parties have read and fully understand this Agreement and have signed it willingly.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Rental Agreement on the date mentioned above.OWNER:Signature: _________________________________________Date: ________________TENANT:Signature: _________________________________________Date: ________________[Note: This document is intended as a general template for a rental agreement and should be customized to fit specific circumstances.]篇2RENTAL AGREEMENTThis Rental Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement") is made and entered into by and between the Landlord identified below and the Tenant identified below, on the terms and conditions specified in this Agreement.Landlord:Name:______________________________________________________________Address:__________________________________________________________City/State/Zip Code:_______________________________________________Phone Number:_________________________________________________Email Address:_________________________________________________Tenant:Name:______________________________________________________________Address:__________________________________________________________City/State/Zip Code:_______________________________________________Phone Number:_________________________________________________Email Address:_________________________________________________Article 1: PropertyThe property to be rented is located at_______________________________________. The Landlord agrees to rent and the Tenant agrees to rent and occupy the property for the term specified in Article 3.Article 2: Term of RentalThe term of this Agreement shall begin on ______________ and end on ______________. The term is hereby specified as______________ (e.g., month-to-month, for a specific term).Article 3: Rental PaymentThe Tenant shall pay the Landlord a monthly rent of$__________, payable on the first day of each month during the term of this Agreement. Any late payment shall be subject to a late fee of $__________.Article 4: Security DepositThe Tenant shall pay a security deposit of $__________ to the Landlord prior to the commencement of this Agreement. The security deposit shall be returned to the Tenant at the end of the term, less any damages or outstanding balances due from the Tenant.Article 5: Use of PropertyThe Tenant shall use the property solely for residential purposes and shall not engage in any activities that may cause damage to the property or disturb the peace of other residents.Article 6: Repairs and MaintenanceThe Tenant shall be responsible for any damage caused by their negligence or misuse of the property, except for normal wear and tear. The Landlord shall be responsible for major repairs and maintenance.Article 7: EvictionIn case of default by the Tenant in complying with any term of this Agreement, the Landlord may proceed to evict the Tenant through legal means.Article 8: TerminationEither party may terminate this Agreement upon written notice to the other party in case of breach of any term of this Agreement. The notice period shall be at least ________ (specify a reasonable period).Article 9: InsuranceThe Landlord shall maintain insurance on the property. The Tenant shall ensure that their personal belongings are adequately insured.Article 10: SublettingThe Tenant shall not sublet the property without the prior written consent of the Landlord.Article 11: Pet PolicyThe Tenant shall not have pets on the property unless otherwise agreed by the Landlord in writing.Article 12: Other Terms and Conditions______________ (Insert any other specific terms and conditions that are agreed upon by both parties)篇3RENTAL AGREEMENTThis Rental Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement") is made and entered into by and between the following parties:LESSOR:Name: _________________________Address: _________________________City, State and Zip Code: _________________________Country: _________________________(hereinafter referred to as "Lessor")LESSEE:Name: _________________________Address: _________________________City, State and Zip Code: _________________________Country: _________________________(hereinafter referred to as "Lessee")1. PREMISESThe Lessor agrees to rent to the Lessee the property located at the following address: ______________. The property and its surrounding areas shall be collectively referred to as the "Premises". The Lessor assures that he/she is authorized to rent the Premises and has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement.2. LEASE TERMThe term of this Agreement shall commence on______________ (Start Date) and shall continue until ________________ (End Date). The term of this Agreement may be extended upon mutual agreement of both parties.3. RENTThe rent for the Premises shall be ________________ per month, payable in advance on a monthly basis. Lessee shall pay rent on time and failure to do so shall constitute a breach of this Agreement.4. SECURITY DEPOSITLessee shall pay a security deposit of ________________ as a guarantee for performance throughout the term of this Agreement. The security deposit shall be returned to the Lessee at the end of the term, subject to any deductions for damages, non-payment of rent or other charges due to the Lessor.5. USE OF PREMISESLessee shall use the Premises only for lawful purposes and in accordance with the rules and regulations established by the Lessor. Lessee shall not engage in any activities that may damage or disturb the premises or neighboring properties.6. REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONSLessee shall be responsible for any repairs necessary due to negligence or misuse of the Premises. No permanent alterations or modifications may be made to the Premises without prior written consent from the Lessor. Upon termination of this Agreement, Lessee shall restore the Premises to its original condition, except for reasonable wear and tear.7. INSURANCELessee shall maintain insurance for the Premises and its contents against fire, theft, and other risks at his/her own cost. Lessee shall provide evidence of such insurance to the Lessor upon request. The Lessor may also obtain insurance at Lessee's cost if Lessee fails to do so.8. EARLY TERMINATIONEither party may terminate this Agreement early by giving written notice to the other party if there is a breach of any term or condition of this Agreement which cannot be cured within a reasonable period of time. The party causing early termination shall pay all amounts due under this Agreement up to the date oftermination plus any reasonable costs incurred by the other party due to such termination.9. WARRANTY OF TITLE AND RIGHT OF OCCUPATIONLessor warrants that he/she has full legal title to the Premises and the right to grant Lessee possession thereof during the term of this Agreement and that he/she will defend Lessee's possession against any claims made by others.10. INDEMNITY BY LESSEE11. LESSOR'S REMEDIES IN CASE OF DEFAULT12. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS篇4RENTAL LEASE AGREEMENTParty A (Landlord):Name: _________________________________________Address: _________________________________________Postal Code: _________________________________________Phone Number: _________________________________________Email Address: _________________________________________Party B (Tenant):Name: _________________________________________Address: _________________________________________Postal Code: _________________________________________Phone Number: _________________________________________Email Address: _________________________________________This Rental Lease Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement") is made and entered into by Party A, the Landlord, and Party B, the Tenant, on the following terms and conditions.1. Lease Property: Party B agrees to rent from Party A the property located at ______________________ (address of the property) for residential purposes. The property is described in detail as follows: ________________ (describe the property including its location, size, amenities, etc.).2. Term of Lease: The term of this Agreement shall commence on ______________ (start date) and shall continue for aperiod of ________ (duration of lease, e.g., one year). After the expiration of this term, unless otherwise agreed in writing by both parties, this Agreement shall be automatically renewed for a like term at the same rent.3. Rent: The rent for the leased property shall be ___________ (amount) per month. The rent shall be paid in advance on or before the first day of each month. Party B shall also pay any applicable utility bills, taxes, or other charges related to the property as per the requirements specified in this Agreement. Failure to pay rent or any charges within the stipulated time shall be considered a breach of this Agreement.4. Security Deposit: Party B shall pay a security deposit of___________ (amount) at the commencement of this Agreement. This deposit shall be used as a guarantee for any potential damages to the property or any outstanding charges related to the property. Upon proper fulfillment of the lease term without any damages or outstanding charges, the security deposit shall be returned to Party B in full.5. Property Condition: Party B shall take good care of the property and ensure that it is properly maintained during the term of this Agreement. Any damages caused by Party B’s negligence or misuse shall be repaired or replaced by Party B atits cost. Party A reserves the right to enter the property at reasonable times to inspect its condition and ensure its proper use.6. Termination: This Agreement can be terminated by either party only with proper notice and compliance with the terms specified in this Agreement. Either party may terminate this Agreement for default by the other party if any provision of this Agreement is breached. In such cases, the defaulting party shall be responsible for any losses incurred by the other party due to such default.7. Additional Provisions: The parties may add additional provisions as per their specific requirements, including but not limited to rules on subletting, pets, alterations to the property, etc. These additional provisions shall form an integral part of this Agreement and shall be equally binding on both parties.8. Law and Jurisdiction: This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of ______________ (country/state) and any disputes arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be subject to the jurisdiction of ______________ (specify court/tribunal).This Agreement has been read and understood by both parties and is signed as a true and valid record of their agreement.Date: ________________Party A (Landlord): _____________________ (Signature)Party B (Tenant): _____________________ (Signature)This copy is equally authentic as the original and shall be deemed as such when accepted by both parties. In case of any discrepancies between the original and this copy, the original shall prevail.---END OF RENTAL LEASE AGREEMENT---篇5RENTAL LEASE AGREEMENTThis Rental Lease Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement") is made and entered into by and between the following parties:LESSOR:Name: _________________________________________Address: _________________________________________LESSEE:Name: _________________________________________Address: _________________________________________WITNESSETH:WHEREAS the Lessor is the lawful owner of the property described below and desires to lease it to the Lessee, and the Lessee desires to rent the property under the terms and conditions set out in this Agreement;NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises and agreements of the parties, the parties hereby agree as follows:1. PROPERTY: The property subject to this Agreement is located at _________________________________ and is described in detail in Schedule A, attached hereto and made a part of this Agreement.2. TERM OF LEASE: This Agreement shall commence on________________ (the "Commencement Date") and shall continue for a term of ________ (the "Term"). After the expiration of the Term, this Agreement shall be automatically renewed for successive terms of equal duration unless either party provides written notice of non-renewal at least ________ prior to the expiration of the then-current Term.3. RENT AND PAYMENTS: The Lessee shall pay the Lessor rent for the property in the amount of __________ per month. Rent shall be paid in advance on a _______ basis. Late payments may be subject to late fees as agreed upon by both parties.4. USE OF PROPERTY: The Lessee shall use the property solely for residential purposes and shall not engage in any activities that disturb the neighborhood or cause damage to the property.5. REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS: The Lessee shall be responsible for all repairs necessary to maintain the property in good condition, except those resulting from normal wear and tear. Any alterations to the property must be approved by the Lessor in writing prior to implementation.6. SUBLEASING: The Lessee shall not sublease or assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Lessor.7. EVICTION: In case of default by the Lessee in complying with any term or condition of this Agreement, the Lessor may proceed to evict the Lessee from the property by legal process.8. INSURANCE: The Lessee shall maintain insurance on the property against fire, extended liability, and other riskscustomary for leased properties of this type. The Lessor shall be named as a co-insured on such policies.9. TAXES AND UTILITIES: The Lessee shall be responsible for all utility charges, taxes, and other similar expenses related to the property during the Term of this Agreement.10. DEFAULT: Failure by the Lessee to comply with any term or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed a default and may be addressed by legal means as provided by law.11. MISCELLANEOUS: Both parties shall be bound by all other terms and conditions set out in this Agreement, including those related to security deposits, non-liability for improvements made by the Lessee, and others as may be agreed upon by both parties.IN WITNESS OF THE MUTUAL PROMISES AND AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES HERETO, both parties have signed this Agreement on the day and year indicated below.LESSOR: _________________________ (Signature)DATE: ________________LESSEE: _________________________ (Signature)DATE: ________________SCHEDULE A - PROPERTY DESCRIPTION(To be completed with details of property including but not limited to address, square footage, number of bedrooms, bathrooms, parking spaces, etc.)(This schedule should be attached to this Agreement and made a part thereof.)NOTE: This is a template agreement and should be reviewed and customized by a legal professional to fit the specific needs and circumstances of each party involved. All references to "law" in this agreement shall be interpreted as referring to the laws of the state where this agreement is being executed.。
Available online athttp://www.ges2007.deThis document is under the terms of theCC-BY-NC-ND Creative Commons AttributionGrid Workflow Modelling Using Grid-Specific BPELExtensionsT.Dörnemann,T.Friese,S.Herdt,E.Juhnke and B.FreislebenDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science,University of Marburg,Hans-Meerwein Straße,D-35032Marburg,Germanyemail:{doernemt,friese,seherdt,ejuhnke,freisleb}@informatik.uni-marburg.dephone:(+496421)2821521,fax:(+496421)28573AbstractThis paper discusses problems of Grid service composition using BPEL4WS.In particular,difficulties concerning the invocation of WSRF-based services areelucidated.A solution to this problem is presented by extending the BPEL spec-ification,and an implementation based on the ActiveBPEL workflow enactmentengine is described.1IntroductionService-oriented Grid computing has gained tremendous interest in academic as well as in business environments.Many of the applications,especially from academic environments,have been designed as monolithic solutions that are hard to adapt,even to slight changes in the application requirements.Required adaptations must be im-plemented by programmers specialized both in Grid middleware and applications.The paradigm shift to service-orientation in Grid middleware opens the possibility to use a far moreflexible software development approach,namely to compose applications from standard components,promising easier development and modification of Grid ap-plications.The Business Process Execution Language for Web Services(BPEL4WS or BPEL)[1]has gained a lot of attention and broad adoption for composing compo-nent based business applications.The focus of the BPEL language is to enable the composition of basic web services into more complex applications.Its popularity in the business application domain makes BPEL very promising for process creation in the Grid domain,since many process execution,management and creation tools are expected to be developed in the future or are currently under development.Modern Grid middleware environments like the Globus Toolkit4(GT4)[2],Uni-core/GS[3]and gLite[4]are built on the Web Service Resource Framework(WSRF) [5]standard which extends web services.This allows the creation of so-called state-ful web services which can store the state of operations and other properties without breaking the compatibility to standard web services.In the Grid environment,however,BPEL has a major drawback:the current spec-ification(version1.1)is not capable of dealing with WSRF-compliant services[6,7] transparently to the workflow designer.The designer has to manually take care of creat-ing resources,copying identifiers and so on.Therefore,we present an extension to the2T.Dörnemann,T.Friese,S.Herdt,E.Juhnke,B.FreislebenBPEL language which allows the interaction with both stateless and stateful services and their resources in an easy to use fashion.This faciliates the seamless integration of Grid applications in business applications and vice versa.Our implementation based on ActiveBPEL Engine is briefly described.Furthermore,our Eclipse-based collabora-tive workflow modelling tool[8]has been extended to reflect the changes to the BPEL vocabulary.The paper is organized as follows.Section2briefly introduces the features of BPEL. The proposed extensions are presented in Section3.Section4describes implementation issues,and section5discusses related work.Section6concludes the paper and outlines areas for future work.2Business Process Execution LanguageThe Business Process Execution Language for Web Services(BPEL4WS)has emerged from the earlier proposed XLANG[9]and Web Service Flow Language(WSFL)[10]. It enables the construction of complex web services composed of other web services that act as the basic activities in the process model of the newly constructed service. BPEL offers a conceptual distinction between abstract processes that describe the ex-ternal view on the process model and executable processes that describe the workflow of the compound service and can be executed by a process execution engine in order to provide the functionality of the compound service to a client.Access to the process is exposed by the execution engine through a web service interface,allowing those pro-cesses to be accessed by web service clients or to act as basic activities in other process specifications.BPEL features several basic activities which allow for interaction with the services being arranged in the workflow.This activities cover invoke,receive and reply. Furthermore,it is possible to wait for some time(wait),terminate the execution of the workflow instance(terminate activity),copy data from one message to another (assign),announce errors(throw),or just to do noting(empty activity).To allow the composition of complex operations,a variety of structured activities exists.Sequence offers the ability to define ordered sequences of steps,flow ex-ecutes a collection of steps in parallel whereas the execution order is given by links between the activities.The switch activity allows branching,pick allows to execute one of several alternative paths and loops can be defined using the while activity.Fur-thermore,BPEL includes the feature of scoping activities and specifying fault handlers and compensation handlers for scopes.Faults handlers get executed when exceptions occur,for instance,through the execution of the mentioned throw pensa-tion handlers are activated when faults occur or when compensation activities that force compensation of a scope are executed.All entities orchestrated in a workflow are seen as so-called"partners"in BPEL. Partners offer their functionality via their WSDL[11]port type description.The syn-tactical element partnerLink contains two attributes apart from the partner link type (which refers to the port type):myRole and partnerRole to specify which roles are played by the composition and the partner.During runtime,partners are mapped to actual service instances by the workflow-enactment engine.GES2007Grid Workflow Modelling Using Grid-Specific BPEL Extensions3 3Extensions to the Business Process Execution Language Very common in WSRF-based frameworks is the use of factory patterns to instanti-ate resources.A factory is a web service exposing an operation(createResource) to create resources.Invoking this operation creates a new resource,generates an unique ID to identify the resource in later service calls and associates the resource with a web service.Thus,to invoke a stateful web service,the invoking client needs to know the ID of the resource(s)to be used.Since BPEL1.1was designed to operate on non-stateful web services,there is no standard way to store the unique identifier returned by the factory service and automatically use it in invoke operations on the service the resource was assigned to.Consequently,the identifier needs to be manually copied to the ReferenceProperties element of the SOAP[12]message[13]which adds additional complexity to the process definition and requires detailed knowledge of the specification of WSRF.A solution to this problem using standard BPEL activities has been presented byZager[14]who proposed to store the ID retrieved by the factory call,manually extract it using BPEL assign operations and copy it to the referenceProperty element of the WS-Addressingfield to be used in the invocation of the service the resource is assigned to.This solution is not very intuitive,requires a lot of additional code writing and requires changes to the WSDL description of the WSRF service.3.1GridInvokeOur proposed solution is based on introducing a new activity to the BPEL standard called gridInvoke(GI).It is derived from the invoke activity and transparently handles the invocation of state-aware WSRF services.This means that this new ele-ment of the language allows the invocation of state-aware services and the manipula-tion and querying of their resources.As described above,the resources to be assigned to the state-aware service must be created prior to the invocation.Therefore,we intro-duce the activities gridCreateResourceInvoke(GCRI)and gridDestroy-ResourceInvoke(GDRI)which handle the creation and destruction of WS-resources.The syntax of the constructs is described in listing1,lines10–15.1<partnerLinkSets>2<partnerLinkSet name="plsName">3<resourceLink name="rlnName">4<factory name="factoryName"partnerLink="factoryPL"/>5<resource name="resourceName"partnerLink="resourcePL"/>6</resourceLink>7</partnerLinkSet>8</partnerLinkSets>10<gridCreateResourceInvoke resourceLink="rlnName"11partnerLinkSet="plsName"/>12<gridInvoke resourceLink="rlnName"partnerLinkSet="plsName"13operation="opName"inputVariable="inVar"outputVariable="outVar"/>14<gridDestroyResourceInvoke resourceLink="rlsName"15partnerLinkSet="plsName"/>Listing1:Grid-specific extensions for the invocation of stateful WS4T.Dörnemann,T.Friese,S.Herdt,E.Juhnke,B.FreislebenThese activities need only to be invoked once before and after using the service.The required information,such as the the partner link of the factory service and the returned endpoint reference(EPR)pointing to the service the resource has been assigned to,are stored in so called Partner Link Sets(partnerLinkSet).This is done automatically and transparently to the BPEL designer at run-time of the process by the BPEL en-gine.Lines3-6of listing1define a resource link which consists of partner links of the factory and instance service to be used.By using the resource link in the activities in lines10-15,the BPEL engine automatically creates resources(GCRI)by invoking the createResource operation of the factory port type,uses the correct resources in gridInvoke and destroys(GDRI)the resource upon request(line14-15).As listing 1shows,apart from once creating a partner link set,only two lines(one atomic activity without the need to copy data using assign)of BPEL code are required to interact with stateful,WSRF compatible,web services.Figure1:Execution chain of gridCreateResourceInvoke,gridInvoke and gridDe-stroyResouceInvokeThe implementation of this extension will be briefly described in section4.3.2Eclipse-Based BPEL Designer ApplicationTo make the development of Grid-enabled workflows as convenient as possible,we have developed an Eclipse-based BPEL designer application[8].It provides the abil-ity to adapt to the needs of different groups of developers,allowing Grid middleware experts to inspect and manipulatefine details of a Grid process(high-fidelity editing) while hiding complicated details from application domain experts(low-fidelity editing). Tofill the gap between high-and low-fidelity editing,a collection of wizards assigns values to the hidden properties in the model elements,based on certain patterns and heuristics defined for the overall system.Furthermore,the application allows real-time collaboration between users by sharing the process model over network connections.GES2007Grid Workflow Modelling Using Grid-Specific BPEL Extensions5Figure2:The grid-enabled BPEL designer displaying a simulation/optimization pro-cessAn integrated text-chat allows discussing the development process.Most notably,the BPEL designer application features an easy to use wizard for the creation of the ac-tivities explained above.After importing the services WSDL description(factory and instance),most of the required data is automatically generated by the wizard.4ImplementationThe implementation of our extensions to the BPEL standard is based on the BPEL engine developed by Active Endpoints[15],because the engine is quite robust and the source code is available(GPL).Figure3gives an overview of the logical components of the ActiveBPEL engine.Of special interest for our work are the Process Management and the Process component itself(highlighted in thefigure).The most important ex-tension is the construct of PartnerLinkSets which encapsulates the handling of WSRF resources.A SOAP handler component has been developed which automatically in-serts the Resource Key and other information needed to identify the resources into the SOAP Header of service calls.It is plugged into Apache Axis using the standard mech-anism(client config).Besides implementing classes for handling and storing properties of GridInvoke,GridCreateResourceInvoke and GridDestroyResourceInvoke,the Ac-tiveBPEL management GUI(web based)has been extended to reflect our changes to BPEL.6T.Dörnemann,T.Friese,S.Herdt,E.Juhnke,B.FreislebenFigure3:Logical components of the ActiveBPEL engine4.1Partner Link SetsPartnerLinkSets may contain multiple resourceLinks,each corresponding to a WSRF resource.Resource links consist of a factory service and a resource itself.Both,fac-tory and resource,handle the concrete partnerLink which points to the services to be invoked.The information where the resource is located is retrieved from the factory ser-vice and automatically copied to the resource link by our implementation.The resource key,which is important for Grid middleware correlation,is delivered by the factory ser-vice and–together with the endpoint information of the instantiated WSRF resource–stored in the resource element of the resourceLink.4.2Invoking a WSRF ResourceThe gridCreateResourceInvoke activity identifies the corresponding partnerLinkSet before determining the resourceLink from it and constructing an invoke object.The created invoke object is added to the execution queue of the engine.As soon as the invoke is dequeued,any resourceLink information contained in that invoke is identified and the concrete endpoint is set in the Axis call.As soon as the response arrives,it is parsed and the resource key as well as the endpoint address are stored as a resource in the resourceLink.This information is handled by the partnerLinkSet data structure.When gridInvoke is called,it does a lookup for the partnerLinkSet and identifies the resourceLink corresponding to it.The engine’s natural strategy to resolve a partner-Link is to look them up by their names.In order to use this mechanism,we decided to introduce unique identifiers for resources which are stored in the invoke object.Hence, the engine can resolve the resourceLink during the creation of an Axis call object.Sub-sequently,the correct endpoint information is saved within the call and the information about the resource key is put into the MessageContext(see SOAP Handler).GridDestroyResourceInvoke is used when a WSRF resource is not required any-more and therefore its lifetime should end.It constructs an invoke object in the same way gridInvoke does(but with the intention of destroying the resource).After a re-GES2007Grid Workflow Modelling Using Grid-Specific BPEL Extensions7 sponse arrives,the resource is removed from the partnerLinkSet.4.3SOAP HandlerThe SOAPHandler is integrated into the handler chain of Apache Axis.It inspects the MessageContext for given resourceKey information.If some information is found, the resource key is added to the SOAP header of the message,so that the Grid middle-ware can correlate the call with the correct WSRF resource.If no information is found, the call remains unchanged.In any case,the handler chain continues processing it. 4.4Management GUIAs mentioned above,the management GUI is a web-based frontend.It now has extended functionalities to be able to display our extension in the process graph view. 5Related WorkSeveral papers study the applicability of BPEL in service-oriented Grid environ-ments.For example,Leymann[13]extensively illustrates the advantages of using workflow systems with focus on Grid environments.It is argued that some extensions to the BPEL standard may be needed to fully integrate BPEL workflows in Grid envi-ronments.The author states that especially monitoring capabilities are missing and a separate standardization effort is required.Therefore,he concludes that Grid specific extensions of BPEL should be specified instead of defining new Grid-specific standards.Slomiski[16]discusses benefits and challenges of using BPEL in Grid environ-ments.The author compares both Open Grid Services Infrastructure(OGSI)[17]and WSRF[5]based Grid middlewares and concludes,that WSRF is much easier to use with BPEL than OGSI since WSRF defines extensions to WS technology instead of re-defining it.Furthermore,questions such as supporting large data transfers,long running workflows and monitoring are briefly discussed.However,the paper does not address the particular question of invoking stateful services from BPEL.Chao et al.[7]propose an architecture to enable Grid service composition based on OGSI and BPEL4WS.To hide complexity,their approach wraps Grid service clients as web services called Proxy Web Services.These Proxy Services are orchestrated in workflows using standard BPEL.All operations performed on the Proxy Services will be delegated to the actual Grid service.The approach seams feasible for OGSI which is,as already mentioned,much harder to use with BPEL than WSRF.However,it adds complexity to the Grid environment by creating a Proxy Service for every single Grid service.For this reason,the solution is not feasible for WSRF-based Grids.Amnuaykanjanasin and Nupairoj[19]present a similar approach for the orchestra-tion of OGSI-based Grid services using Proxy Services.The main difference to the work mentioned above is that security mechanisms(Globus Toolkit3security based on WS-Security[20])and notifications are supported.Furthermore,the authors present a tool for automatically creating Proxy Services.Despite the fact that the complexity8T.Dörnemann,T.Friese,S.Herdt,E.Juhnke,B.Freislebenof Grid environments is increased by this approach,the solution is interesting since it allows the usage of security and notification features.Tan and Turner[6]describe their experience on orchestrating WSRF-based Grid services(Globus Toolkit4)using BPEL.They identify two main problems:(1)secu-rity mechanisms cannot be used due to technical problems like incompatible Axis[18] versions,and(2)it is not possible to easily address WS-resources.The author’s solu-tion to the addressing problem is to pass the endpoint reference identifying the created resource as an operation parameter to the Grid service.The service then has to iden-tify the resources using the reference received in the SOAP call.In our opinion,this approach is not feasible since it requires handling code in every Grid service to be or-chestrated.Hence,it is impossible to invoke existing standard services like WS-GRAM (Web Service Grid Resource Allocation and Management).6ConclusionsIn this paper,we have presented an extension to the BPEL language which allows the interaction with both stateless and stateful services and their resources in an easy to use manner.An implementation based on the ActiveBPEL Engine has been described, and our Eclipse-based collaborative workflow modelling tool[8]has been extended to reflect the changes to the BPEL vocabulary.A topic for further research is the seamless integration of security mechanisms(like WS-SecureConversation)as well as Virtual Organization Management into the BPEL engine and our workflow designing tool.Furthermore,workflow execution tracing and logging combined with metadata ex-traction is a promissing subject.Basically,this approach should enable the user to query a database containing all afore executed workflows for workflow runs with specific char-acteristics.Thus,users get the ability to compare results of i.e.the same workflow with different input data which might be useful for the analysis of experimental series and other applications.7AcknowledgementsThis work isfinancially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)(D-Grid Initiative,InGrid Project).References1.IBM(2003)BPEL4WS:Business Process Execution Language for Web Services,/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-bpel/2.Globus Allicance,Globus Toolkit4.0,/toolkit/3.Unicore Forum,Unicore/GS,/4.EGEE Project,gLite,http://glite.web.cern.ch/glite/5.OASIS,Web Service Resource Framework(WSRF) 1.2,http://www.oasis-/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsrfGES2007Grid Workflow Modelling Using Grid-Specific BPEL Extensions9 6.K.L.L.Tan,K.J.Turner,Orchestrating Grid Services using BPEL and Globus Toolkit,7thAnnual PostGraduate Symposium on the Convergence of Telecommunications,Networking and Broadcasting,Liverpool,June2006.7.K.Chao,M.Younas,N.Griffiths,I.Awan,R.Anane,C.Tsai,Analysis of Grid ServiceComposition with BPEL4WS,Proc.of18th International Conference on Advanced Infor-mation Networking and Applications,2004,IEEE Press,p.284-289.8.T.Friese,M.Smith,B.Freisleben,J.Reichwald,T.Barth,M.Grauer,Collaborative GridProcess Creation Support in an Engineering Domain,Proc.of the13th International Con-ference on High Performance Computing,2006,IEEE Press9.Microsoft(2001):XLANG-Web Services for Business Process Design,/XLANG-C-200106.html10.IBM(2001):Web Services Flow Language,/software/solutions/webservices/pdf/WSFL.pdf11.World Wide Web Consortium(W3C),Web Service Definition Language(WSDL)1.1,/TR/wsdl.html12.World Wide Web Consortium(W3C),SOAP specification1.2,/TR/soap/13. F.Leymann,Choreography for the Grid:towardsfitting BPEL to the resource framework,Concurrency and Computation:Practice and Experience,V olume18,Issue10,2005,Wiley &Sons,p.1201-121714.M.Zager,Business Process Orchestration with BPEL:BPEL supports time critical decisionmaking,SOA/Web Services,/read/155631_1.htm15.Active Endpoints,16. A.Slomiski,On using BPEL extensibility to implement OGSI and WSRF Grid workflows,Concurrency and Computation:Practice and Experience,V olume18,Issue10,2005,Wiley &Sons,p.1229-124117.Global Grid Forum(GGF),Open Grid Services Architecture 1.0,/documents/GFD.15.pdf18.Apache Axis(version1.21),/axis/19.Pichet Amnuaykanjanasin and Natawut Nupairoj,The BPEL Orchestrating Framework forSecured Grid Services,Proc.of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing(ITCC’05),V olume I,2005,IEEE Press,p.348-25320.OASIS,WS-Security specification 1.1,http://www.oasis-/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wss。