2015闵行高考一模
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2015年上海市闵行区高考数学一模试卷(文科)一.填空题1.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知集合A={x||x﹣|>},U=R,则∁U A=[﹣1,4].【考点】:补集及其运算.【专题】:集合.【分析】:求出A中不等式的解集确定出A,根据全集U=R求出A的补集即可.【解析】:解:由A中不等式变形得:x﹣>或x﹣<﹣,解得:x>4或x<﹣1,即A=(﹣∞,﹣1)∪(4,+∞),∵U=R,∴∁U A=[﹣1,4].故答案为:[﹣1,4]【点评】:此题考查了补集及其运算,熟练掌握补集的定义是解本题的关键.2.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)若复数z满足(z+2)(1+i)=2i(i为虚数单位),则z=﹣1+i.【考点】:复数代数形式的乘除运算.【专题】:数系的扩充和复数.【分析】:把已知等式变形,然后利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简求值.【解析】:解:由(z+2)(1+i)=2i,得,∴z=﹣1+i.故答案为:﹣1+i.【点评】:本题考查了复数代数形式的乘除运算,是基础题.3.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)函数f(x)=xcosx,若f(a)=,则f(﹣a)=﹣.【考点】:函数的值.【专题】:函数的性质及应用.【分析】:由已知得f(a)=acosa=,由此能求出f(﹣a)=﹣acos(﹣a)=﹣acosa=.【解析】:解:∵f(x)=xcosx,f(a)=,∴f(a)=acosa=,∴f(﹣a)=﹣acos(﹣a)=﹣acosa=.故答案为:﹣.【点评】:本题考查函数值的求法,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意函数性质的合理运用.4.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)计算=.【考点】:极限及其运算.【专题】:导数的综合应用.【分析】:利用极限的运算法则即可得出.【解析】:解:原式==.故答案为:.【点评】:本题考查了极限的运算法则,属于基础题.5.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)若x满足4x=8,则x=.【考点】:指数式与对数式的互化.【专题】:函数的性质及应用.【分析】:由已知得∴22x=23,从而2x=3,由此能求出x=.【解析】:解:∵x满足4x=8,∴22x=23,∴2x=3,解得x=.故答案为:.【点评】:本题考查指数方程的解法,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意指数运算法则的合理运用.6.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知θ∈(,π),sin﹣cos=,则cosθ=.【考点】:二倍角的余弦.【专题】:三角函数的求值.【分析】:由θ∈(,π),sin﹣cos=,求出sin2θ,然后求出cos2θ.【解析】:解:∵θ∈(,π),sin﹣cos=,∴1﹣sinθ=,∴sinθ=,∵θ∈(,π),∴cosθ=﹣=﹣.故答案为:.【点评】:本题考查二倍角的余弦,解题时要认真审题,仔细解答,注意三角函数的符号的正确选取.7.(3分)(2011•上海)若圆锥的侧面积为2π,底面面积为π,则该圆锥的体积为.【考点】:棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积.【专题】:计算题.【分析】:求出圆锥的底面周长,然后利用侧面积求出圆锥的母线,求出圆锥的高,即可求出圆锥的体积.【解析】:解:根据题意,圆锥的底面面积为π,则其底面半径是1,底面周长为2π,又,∴圆锥的母线为2,则圆锥的高,所以圆锥的体积××π=.故答案为.【点评】:本题是基础题,考查圆锥的有关计算,圆锥的侧面积,体积的求法,考查计算能力.8.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)口袋中有形状、大小相同的3只白球和1只黑球,现一次摸出2只球,则摸出的两球颜色不相同的概率是.【考点】:古典概型及其概率计算公式.【专题】:概率与统计.【分析】:口袋中有形状、大小相同的3只白球和1只黑球,现一次摸出2只球,基本事件总数n==6,摸出的两球颜色不相同,包含的基本事件个数m==3,由此能求出摸出的两球颜色不相同的概率.【解析】:解:口袋中有形状、大小相同的3只白球和1只黑球,现一次摸出2只球,基本事件总数n==6,摸出的两球颜色不相同,包含的基本事件个数m==3,∴摸出的两球颜色不相同的概率是p===.故答案为:.【点评】:本题考查概率的求法,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意等可能事件概率计算公式的合理运用.9.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知正方形ABCD的边长为2,M是正方形四边上的动点,则的最大值为4.【考点】:平面向量数量积的运算.【专题】:平面向量及应用.【分析】:在平面内建立合适的坐标系,将向量的数量积用坐标表示,构造函数,利用求函数的最值来解决问题【解析】:解:以A为坐标原点,以AB方向为x轴正方向,以AD方向为y轴负方向建立坐标系,∵正方形ABCD的边长为2,∴=(2,0),M为正方形边界一点,设M(x,y),则0≤x≤2,0≤y≤2,=(x,y),则=2x≤4,当M在BC上时取得最大值4;故答案是:4.【点评】:向量的主要功能就是数形结合,将几何问题转化为代数问题,但关键是建立合适的坐标系,将向量用坐标表示,再将数量积运算转化为方程或函数问题10.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)函数y=|log22x|+|log2x|的最小值为1.【考点】:函数的最值及其几何意义.【专题】:函数的性质及应用.【分析】:直接利用绝对值的几何意义,转化求解函数的最值即可.【解析】:解:函数y=|log22x|+|log2x|=|1+log2x|+|﹣log2x|≥|1+log2x﹣log2x|=1.故答案为:1.【点评】:本题考查绝对值的几何意义,函数的最小值的求法,考查计算能力.11.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知函数f(x)=()x,g(x)=x,记函数h (x)=,则方程h(x)=2的解为x=.【考点】:根的存在性及根的个数判断.【专题】:函数的性质及应用.【分析】:确定f(x)与g(x)的图象交点的横坐标的范围,作出函数h(x)的图象,从而得到h(x)=2=g(x),解方程即可得到答案.【解析】:解:记f(x)与g(x)的图象交点的横坐标为x=x0,∵f()==<1=,∴x0∈(,1),函数h(x)的图象如图所示:∴h(x)=2=,解得:x=,故答案为:x=.【点评】:本题考查新定义,考查不等式的解法,考查数形结合的数学思想,属于中档题.12.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知F1、F2是椭圆Γ1:=1和双曲线Γ2:=1的公共焦点,P是它们的一个公共点,且∠F1PF2=,则mn的最大值为.【考点】:双曲线的简单性质;椭圆的简单性质.【专题】:解三角形;不等式的解法及应用;圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.【分析】:设|PF1|=s,|PF2|=t,求出焦点,可得c=2,由余弦定理可得s,t的方程,再由椭圆和双曲线的定义可得m,n的关系,再由重要不等式a2+b2≥2ab,即可求得最大值.【解析】:解:设|PF1|=s,|PF2|=t,由题意可得公共焦点为知F1(﹣2,0),F2(2,0),即有c=2,在三角形PF1F2中,由余弦定理可得4c2=s2+t2﹣2stcos60°即s2+t2﹣st=16,由椭圆的定义可得s+t=2m(m>0),由双曲线的定义可得s﹣t=2n(n>0),解得s=m+n,t=m﹣n.即有16=(m+n)2+(m﹣n)2﹣(m+n)(m﹣n)=m2+3n2≥2mn,即有mn≤.当且仅当m=n,取得最大值.故答案为:.【点评】:本题考查椭圆和双曲线的定义、方程和性质,主要考查椭圆和双曲线的定义,同时考查三角形的余弦定理和重要不等式的运用,属于中档题.13.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)在△ABC中,记角A、B、C所对的边长分别为a、b、c,若<0,则下列结论中:①△ABC是钝角三角形;②a2>b2+c2;③cosBcosC>sinBsinC;④sinB>cosC;其中错误结论的序号是④.【考点】:余弦定理;平面向量数量积的运算.【专题】:解三角形.【分析】:由条件可得∠A 为钝角,故①、②正确;再根据cosA<0,可得③正确;根据B+C<,正弦函数的单调性、诱导公式可得④不正确,从而得出结论.【解析】:解:△ABC中,∵<0,则∠A 为钝角,故①、②正确.再根据cosA=﹣cos(B+C)=﹣cosBcosC+sinBsinC<0,化简可得cosBcosC>sinBsinC,故③正确.根据B+C<,可得0<B<﹣C<,∴sinB<sin(﹣C)=cosC,即 sinB<cosC,故④错误,故答案为:④.【点评】:本题主要考查两个向量的数量积的定义,诱导公式、两角和的余弦公式,正弦函数的单调性,属于基础题.14.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知数列{a n}满足:对任意n∈N*均有a n+1=pa n+3p﹣3(p为常数,p≠0且p≠1),若a2,a3,a4,a5∈{﹣19,﹣7,﹣3,5,10,29},写出一个满足条件的a1的值为﹣1.【考点】:数列递推式.【专题】:等差数列与等比数列.【分析】:取a2=﹣7,a3=5,得5=﹣7p+3p﹣3,解得p=﹣2,由此求出a4=﹣19,a5=29,从而﹣7=﹣2a1﹣3×2﹣3,由此能求出a1=﹣1.【解析】:解:取a2=﹣7,a3=5,得5=﹣7p+3p﹣3,解得p=﹣2,∴a4=﹣2×5﹣3×2﹣3=﹣19,a5=﹣19×(﹣2)﹣3×2﹣3=29,∴﹣7=﹣2a1﹣3×2﹣3,解得a1=﹣1.故答案为:﹣1.【点评】:本题考查数列的递推公式的合理运用,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意递推思想的合理运用.二.选择题15.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知圆O:x2+y2=1和直线l:y=kx+,则k=1是圆O 与直线l相切的()A.充要条件 B.充分不必要条件C.必要不充分条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件【考点】:必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断;直线与圆的位置关系.【专题】:计算题;直线与圆;简易逻辑.【分析】:圆O与直线l相切,可得圆心到直线的距离d==1,求出k,即可得出结论.【解析】:解:∵圆O与直线l相切,∴圆心到直线的距离d==1,∴k=±1,∴k=1是圆O与直线l相切的充分不必要条件.故选:B.【点评】:本题考查直线与圆的位置关系,考查学生的计算能力,考查充要条件的判断,正确运用点到直线的距离公式是关键.16.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)(2﹣x)8展开式中各项系数的和为()A.﹣1 B. 1 C. 256 D.﹣256【考点】:二项式系数的性质.【专题】:计算题;二项式定理.【分析】:给二项式中的x赋值1,得到展开式中各项的系数的和【解析】:解:令二项式(2﹣x)8中的x=1,得到展开式中各项的系数的和为(2﹣1)8=1.∴展开式中各项的系数的和为1故选:B.【点评】:求二项展开式的各项系数和问题,一般通过观察给二项式中的x赋值求得.17.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)已知y=f(x)是定义在R上的函数,下列命题正确的是()A.若f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且在(a,b)内有零点,则有f(a)•f(b)<0B.若f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f(b)>0,则其在(a,b)内没有零点C.若f(x)在区间(a,b)上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f(b)<0,则其在(a,b)内有零点D.如果函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f(b)<0,则其在(a,b)内有零点【考点】:函数零点的判定定理.【专题】:函数的性质及应用.【分析】:据函数零点的定义,函数零点的判定定理,运用特殊函数判断即可.【解析】:解:①y=x2,在(﹣1,1)内有零点,但是f(﹣1)•f(1)>0,故A不正确,②y=x2,f(﹣1)•f(1)>0,在(﹣1,1)内有零点,故B不正确,③若f(x)在区间(a,b)上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,f(a)=﹣1,f(b)=1,在(a,b)恒成立有f(x)>0,可知满足f(a)•f(b)<0,但是其在(a,b)内没有零点.故C不正确.所以ABC不正确,故选;D【点评】:本题主要考查函数零点的定义,函数零点的判定定理,利用特殊值代入法,排除不符合条件的选项,是一种简单有效的方法,属于基础题18.(3分)(2015•闵行区一模)数列{a n}是公差d不为零的等差数列,其前n项和为S n,若记数据a1,a2,a3,…,a2015的方差为λ1,数据,,,…,的方差为λ2,则()A.λ1>λ2B.λ1=λ2C.λ1<λ2D.与的大小关系与公差的正负有关【考点】:等差数列的性质.【专题】:计算题;等差数列与等比数列.【分析】:分别计算平均数与方差,即可得出结论.【解析】:解:由题意,数据a1,a2,a3,…,a2015的平均数为=a1008,所以λ1=[(a1﹣a1008)2+(a2﹣a1008)2+…+(a2015﹣a1008)2]=•(12+22+…+10072).数据,,,…,的平均数为a1+d,所以λ2=[(a1﹣a1﹣d)2+(a2﹣a1﹣d)2+…+(a2015﹣a1﹣d)2]=•(12+22+…+10072).所以λ1>λ2,故选:A.【点评】:本题考查等差数列的通项与求和,考查平均数与方差的计算,考查学生的计算能力,正确计算是关键.三.解答题19.(2015•闵行区一模)如图,在直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=2,三棱锥A1﹣ABC的体积为,求直线A1B与CC1所成角的大小(结果用反三角函数值表示).【考点】:异面直线及其所成的角.【专题】:立体几何.【分析】:先通过图形便可知道∠A1AB便是直线A1B与CC1所成角,通过三棱锥的体积公式及直三棱柱的特点可求出AA1,而AB又可通过已知条件求出,所以在RtABA1中可求tan∠AA1B,从而可用反正切表示出∠AA1B.【解析】:解:根据已知条件;∴AA1=4;又AB=;AA1⊥AB;∴在Rt△ABA1中tan;;∵AA1∥CC1;∴∠AA1B是直线A1B和CC1所成角,并且该角为.【点评】:考查直三棱柱的侧棱和底面垂直,线面垂直的性质,棱锥的体积公式,异面直线所成角的定义及求解方法与过程.20.(2015•闵行区一模)某公司生产电饭煲,每年需投入固定成本40万元,每生产1万件还需另投入16万元的变动成本,设该公司一年内共生产电饭煲x万件并全部售完,每一万件的销售收入为R(x)万元,且R(x)=﹣,10<x<100,该公司在电饭煲的生产中所获年利润W(万元).(注:利润=销售收入﹣成本)(1)写出年利润W(万元)关于年产量x(万件)的函数解析式;(2)为了让年利润W不低于2760万元,求年产量x的取值范围.【考点】:函数模型的选择与应用.【专题】:计算题;函数的性质及应用.【分析】:(1)当10<x<100时,W=xR(x)﹣(40+16x)=4360﹣﹣16x;(Ⅱ)4360﹣﹣16x≥2760,由此得到年产量x的取值范围.【解析】:解:(1)当10<x<100时,W=xR(x)﹣(40+16x)=4360﹣﹣16x.(2)4360﹣﹣16x≥2760,所以x2﹣100x+2500≤0(x≠0),所以(x﹣50)2≤0,所以x=50.【点评】:本题考查函数的解析式的求法,考查年利润的最大值的求法.属于中档题.21.(2015•闵行区一模)椭圆Γ:+=1(a>b>0)的左右焦点分别为F1、F2,已知椭圆Γ上的点P(,)到F1、F2的距离之和为2;(1)求椭圆Γ的方程;(2)若椭圆上两点C、D关于点M(1,)对称,求直线CD的方程.【考点】:椭圆的简单性质.【专题】:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.【分析】:(1)由椭圆Γ上的点P(,)到两焦点F1、F2的距离之和为2,可得=1,2a=2,a2=b2+c2,解出即可.(2)设C(x1,y1),D(x2,y2),设P是直线CD上的任意一点,由=1,=1,相减可得:+(y1+y2)(y1﹣y2)=1,利用中点坐标公式、斜率计算公式即可得出.【解析】:解:(1)∵椭圆Γ上的点P(,)到两焦点F1、F2的距离之和为2,∴=1,2a=2,a2=b2+c2,解得a=,b=1,c=1.∴椭圆Γ的方程为;(2)设C(x1,y1),D(x2,y2),设P是直线CD上的任意一点,可得=1,=,=(x≠1).∵=1,=1,相减可得:+(y1+y2)(y1﹣y2)=1,∴1+=0,(x1≠x2).∴=0,化为x+y﹣=0,当x=1时也成立.∴直线CD的方程为x+y﹣=0.【点评】:本题考查了椭圆的标准方程及其性质、直线与椭圆相交问题转化为“点差法”、中点坐标公式、斜率计算公式,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于中档题.22.(2015•闵行区一模)已知函数f(x)=sin2x+(sin2x﹣cos2x)+;(1)求函数f(x)的最小正周期;(2)若存在t∈[,]满足[f(t)]2﹣2f(t)﹣m=0,求实数m的取值范围;(3)求证:任意的x1∈[﹣,],存在唯一的x2∈[﹣,],使f(x1)•f(x2)=1成立.【考点】:三角函数中的恒等变换应用;三角函数的周期性及其求法;正弦函数的图象.【专题】:函数的性质及应用;三角函数的求值;三角函数的图像与性质.【分析】:(1)首先利用三角函数的恒等变换把函数的关系式变形成正弦型函数,进一步求出函数的周期.(2)利用正弦型函数的定义域求出函数的值域,进一步利用存在性问题求出函数中参数的取值范围.(3)利用函数具备严格的单调性来进行证明.【解析】:解:(1)函数f(x)=sin2x+(sin2x﹣cos2x)+==sin(2x﹣)+,所以函数的最小正周期为;T=π;(2)由于,所以:,设:F(x)=[f(t)]2﹣2f(t)=(f(t)﹣)2﹣2∈[﹣2,﹣1],存在t∈[,]满足[f(t)]2﹣2f(t)﹣m=0,所以:m的取值范围为:m∈[﹣2,﹣1](3)对任意的x1∈[﹣,],存在唯一的x2∈[﹣,],使f(x1)•f(x2)=1成立,当时,使f(x1)f(x2)=1成立.当时,,所以:,)+.则:∈[﹣1,1],设:(a∈[﹣1,1]),由.解得:或,所以x2的解集为:{x2|或}(k∈Z).由于,所以:,由于函数在此区间内有严格的单调性.所以:存在唯一的x2∈[﹣,],使f(x1)•f(x2)=1成立.【点评】:本题考查的知识要点:三角函数的恒等变换,正弦型函数的周期,存在性问题的应用,利用函数的单调性正面函数的唯一解.23.(2015•闵行区一模)已知数列{a n}为等差数列,满足a n+a n+1=4n+2(n∈N*),其前n 项和为S n,数列{b n}为等比数列,且a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n b n=(n﹣1)•2n+2+4对任意n∈N*的恒成立;(1)求数列{a n}、{b n}的通项公式;(2)是否存在p,q∈N*,使得(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392成立,若存在,求出所有满足条件的p,q,若不存在,说明理由;(3)记集合M={n|≥λ,n∈N*},若M中共有5个元素,求实数λ的取值范围.【考点】:数列递推式;数列的函数特性.【专题】:等差数列与等比数列.【分析】:(1)由已知得,解得d=2,a1=2,由此能求出a n=2n.由a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n﹣1b n﹣1+a n b n=(n﹣1)•2n+1,得a n b n=n•2n﹣1,由此能求出b n=2n.(2)假设存在p,q∈N*,使得(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392成立,则(p+1)2=,由,能求出p=4,q=3.(3)由M={n|,n∈N*}中共有5个元素,分别取n=1,2,3,4,5,6,求出相应的结果,由此能求出.【解析】:解:(1)∵数列{a n}为等差数列,满足a n+a n+1=4n+2(n∈N*),得,解得d=2,a1=2,∴a n=2+(n﹣1)×2=2n.由a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n﹣1b n﹣1+a n b n=(n﹣1)•2n+1,可得a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n﹣1b n﹣1=(n﹣2)•2n﹣1+1(n≥2),两式相减可得a n b n=n•2n﹣1,∴b n==2n.(2)假设存在p,q∈N*,使得(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392成立.∵(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392,∴(4p+4)2﹣2q=392,∴16(p+1)2=392+2q,∴(p+1)2=,∵,∴p=4,q=3.(3)∵d=2,a1=2,∴=n2+n,M={n|≥λ,n∈N*},∵M={n|,n∈N*}中共有5个元素,∴当n=1时,λ≤=1,当n=2时,λ≤=,当n=3时,λ≤=,当n=4时,λ≤=,当n=5时,λ≤=,当n=6时,λ>=,∴.【点评】:本题考查数列的通项公式的求法,考查满足条件的实数值是否存在的判断与求法,考查实数的取值范围的求法,解题时要认真审题,注意构造法的合理运用.。
2014学年第一学期八校联考高三历史试卷2015年1月考试时间120分钟满分150分第Ⅰ卷选择题(共75分)以下每小题2分,共60分,每题只有一个正确的选项。
1.周代分封制下,各封国贵族按“周礼”行事,学说统一的“雅言”,促进了各地文化的整合。
周代的“雅言”最早应起源于现在的A.河南 B.河北 C.陕西 D.山东2.儒家经典强调:“上好礼,则民莫敢不敬;上好义,则民莫敢不服;上好信,则民莫敢不用情。
”这段话体现的是A.民本思想 B.仁政思想 C.礼法并重 D.礼治为先3.“礼之所去,刑之所取,失礼则入刑,相为表里者也”。
东汉时的这一说法反映出当时A.礼制观念淡化 B.儒法两家结合加深C.崇尚法家思想 D.儒学独尊地位动摇4.朱熹在《漳州劝农文》中说:“请诸父老,常为解说,使后生弟子,知所遵守,去恶从善,取是舍非,爱惜体肤,保守家业”。
在此,朱熹A.教诲后生弟子遵从“三纲五常” B.告诫乡亲去恶从善以“慎思明辨”C.灌输以农兴业思想以存“天理” D.劝导百姓遵循一种“理性”的生活秩序5.明成祖朱棣设立内阁,后来内阁首辅“俨然汉唐宰辅”。
明代内阁与唐代宰相的相同之处是A.均能独立处理政务 B.均辅助皇帝处理政务C.都拥有官吏任免权 D.都直接管理地方政务6.自秦汉至明清,中国古代行政区划经历了由郡县两级制到州郡县三级制再到省道府县四级制的演变,这体现了A.中枢权力体系日趋完备 B.中央对地方控制的加强C.各地经济联系日益密切 D.经济发展区域化程度提高7.唐朝贵族的体育活动广泛多样,马球运动尤为盛行。
下列与此现象有关的史实是A.丝绸之路的繁盛使西域的风物传入中国B.海上丝绸之路带来了国家财富的增长C.朝贡贸易加强了与南洋诸国的交流D.民间海外贸易因海禁政策取消再度活跃8.乾隆以后,“关东每岁有商船二三千只至于上海”,“载豆、麦、杂粟,一岁三运以为常”。
据此,判断有误的是A.商品经济繁荣 B.长途贩运发达 C.区域经济发展 D.抑商政策改变9.仔细观察右面图示。
2015年上海市闵行区高考物理一模试卷一.单项选择题(共16分,每小题2分.每小题只有一个正确选项.)1.(★★★★)物理定律多数是在大量实验的基础上归纳总结出来的.但也有些物理规律的建立并不是直接从实验得到的,而是经过了理想化(或合理)外推得到的.下列规律中属于理想化外推得到的是()A.牛顿第一定律B.牛顿第二定律C.玻意耳定律D.法拉第电磁感应定律2.(★★★★)用比值法定义物理量是物理学中一种常用的方法,下面四个物理量及其表达式都符合比值法定义的是()A.磁感应强度B=B.电流强度I=C.电场强度E=k D.加速度a=3.(★★★★)模拟交通路口电子警察的电路如图所示,当红灯亮起时,触发S 2闭合;再有汽车越过路口斑马线时,触发S 1闭合;启动摄像仪对汽车违章进行拍摄.能实现此功能的逻辑门电路是()A.B.C.D.4.(★★★★)如图是描述物体做直线运动的图象,物体在2秒末不能回到0时刻位置的图象是()A.B.C.D.5.(★★★)有两个频率和振动方向相同的波源产生的两列横波,振幅分别为A 1和A 2.对两列波相遇区域质点振动,下列说法正确的是()A.波峰与波谷相遇处质点的位移始终为零B.波峰与波峰相遇处质点离开平衡位置的位移始终为A1+A2C.波峰与波谷相遇处质点的位移总是小于波峰与波峰相遇处质点的位移D.波峰与波峰相遇处质点的振幅一定大于波峰与波谷相遇处质点的振幅6.(★★★)如图,在一水平、固定的闭合导体圆环上方.有一条形磁铁(N极朝上,S极朝下)由静止开始下落,磁铁从圆环中穿过且不与圆环接触,关于圆环中感应电流的方向(从上向下看),下列说法正确的是()A.总是顺时针B.总是逆时针C.先顺时针后逆时针D.先逆时针后顺时针7.(★★★★)景颇族的祖先发明的点火器如图所示,用牛角做套筒,木质推杆前端粘着艾绒,猛推推杆,可点燃艾绒.当筒内封闭的气体被推杆压缩过程中()A.气体温度升高,压强不变B.气体温度升高,压强变大C.气体对外界做正功,气体内能增加D.外界对气体做正功,气体内能减少8.(★★★)两倾斜的平行滑杆上分别套A、B两圆环,两环上均用细线悬吊着物体,如图所示.当它们都沿滑杆向下滑动时(环、物保持相对静止),A的悬线与杆垂直,B的悬线竖直向下,则()A.A环与杆有摩擦力B.B环与杆无摩擦力C.A环做的是匀速运动D.B环做的是匀速运动二.单项选择题(共24分,每小题3分。每小题只有一个正确选项。)9.(★★★★)如图所示,一列简谐横波沿x轴正方向传播,实线和虚线分别表示t 1=0和t 2=0.5s时的波形(已知波的周期T>0.5s),则能正确反映t 3=7.5s时波形的图是()A.B.C.D.10.(★★★★)取水平地面为重力势能零点.一物块从某一高度水平抛出,在抛出点其动能是重力势能的3倍.不计空气阻力,该物块落地时的速度方向与水平方向的夹角为()A.B.C.D.11.(★★★★)功率为10W的发光二极管(LED灯)的亮度与功率为60W的白炽灯相当.根据国家节能战略,2016年前普通白炽灯应被淘汰.假设每户家庭有2只60W的白炽灯,均用10W的LED灯替代,全国大约有5.5亿户人家,每天亮灯时间大约4h;估算全国一年节省的电能最接近()A.8X108kWhB.8X1010kWhC.8X1012kWhD.8X1014kWh12.(★★★★)等腰直角三角形OPQ区域内存在匀强磁场.另有一等腰直角三角形导线框ABC以恒定的速度沿如图所示方向穿过磁场.关于线框中的感应电流,以下说法中正确的是()A.开始进入磁场时感应电流沿顺时针方向B.开始进入磁场时感应电流一定最大C.开始穿出磁场时感应电流一定最大D.即将穿出磁场时感应电流一定最小13.(★★★★)2013年6月11日,我国航天员在“天宫一号”首次为青少年进行太空授课.在“天宫一号”里,长为L的细线一端固定在O点,另一端系一个小球,拉直细线,让小球在B点以垂直于细线的速度v o开始做圆周运动,如图所示.设“天宫一号”轨道处重力加速度为g′,在小球运动的过程中,下列说法正确的是()A.小球做速率变化的圆周运动B.细线拉力的大小不断变化C.只要v0>0,小球都能通过A点D.只有v0≥,小球才能通过A点14.(★★★★)无限大接地金属板和板前一点电荷在有电荷一侧形成的电场区域,与两个等量异号的点电荷在此区域形成的电场等效.如图所示P为一无限大金属板,Q 为板前距板为r的一带正电的点电荷,MN为过Q点和金属板垂直的直线,直线上A、B是和Q 点的距离相等的两点.下面关于A、B两点的电场强度E A和E B、电势φA和φB判断正确的是()A.E A>E B,φA<φB B.E A>E B,φA>φBC.E A>E B,φA=φB D.E A=E B,φA>φB15.(★★★)如图所示,用长度相等的轻绳依次连接5000个质量均为m的小球,轻绳的左端固定在天花板上,右端施加一水平力使全部小球静止.若连接天花板的轻绳与水平方向的夹角为45o.则第2014个小球与第2015个小球之间的轻绳与水平方向的夹角α的正切值等于()A.B.C.D.16.(★★★)如图甲所示,R为电阻箱,电流表为理想电表,电源电动势为E,内阻为r.图乙为电源的输出功率P与电流表示数I的关系图象,其中功率P 0分别对应电流I 1、I 2,对应外电阻R 1、R 2.下列说法中正确的是()A.I1+I2>B.I1+I2=C.>D.<三.多项选择题(共16分,每小题4分。每小题有二个或三个正确选项。全选对的,得4分;选对但不全的,得2分;有选错或不答的,得0分。)17.(★★★★)一定量的理想气体从状态a开始,经历三个过程ab、bc、ca回到原状态,其p-T图象如图所示.下列判断正确的是()A.过程ab中气体一定吸热B.过程bc中气体既不吸热也不放热C.a、b和c三个状态中,状态a分子的平均动能最小D.b和c两个状态中,容器壁单位面积单位时间内受到气体分子撞击的次数不同18.(★★★)如图,电流表和电压表均为理想电表,r<R 1=R 2<R 3<R 4,下列说法中正确的是()A.若R2短路,电流表示数变小,电压表示数变大B.若R2断路,电流表示数变大,电压表示数为零C.若R1断路,电流表示数变小,电压表示数变小D.若R4断路,电流表示数变小,电压表示数变大19.(★★★★)如图,在负点电荷Q的电场中有M、N、P、F四点,M、N、P为直角三角形的三个顶点,F为MN的中点,∠M=30o.已知M、N、P、F四点处的电势关系是:φM=φN、φP=φF,点电荷Q在M、N、P三点所在平面内,则()A.点电荷Q一定在F点B.点电荷Q一定在MP的连线上C.将正试探电荷从P点搬运到N点,电场力做正功D.将正试探电荷从P点搬运到M点,电场力做负功20.(★★★)如图所示,圆环固定于竖直平面内,长方形空心闭合细管道ABCDA内接于圆环,管道AB长度小于AD长度,竖直的空心细管道AC为对角线.小球由A点静止释放沿管道ABC运动到C点,通过AB、BC段时间分别为t 1、t 2;小球由A点静止释放沿管道AC运动到C点,所用时间为t 3;小球由A点静止释放沿管道ADC运动到C点,通过AD、DC段时间分别为t 4、t 5.小球通过B、D两点时机械能损失不计,不计摩擦.下列关系式中正确的是()A.t1=t3=t4B.t2=t3=t5C.t2<t3D.t1+t2>t4+t5四、填空题(共20分,每小题4分。)21.(★★★)一竖直悬挂的弹簧振子,下端装有一记录笔,在竖直面内放置有一记录纸.当振子上下振动时,以速率v水平向左匀速拉动记录纸,记录笔在纸上留下如图所示的图象.y 1、y 2、x 0、2x 0为纸上印迹的位置坐标.由此图求振动的周期和振幅.第22、23题考生可任选一题。若两题均做,一律按22题计分。22.(★★★)(选修理论专题)质量为m的小钢球自高处落下,以速率v 1碰地后竖直向上弹回,碰撞时间极短,离地时的速率为v 2,在碰撞过程中,小钢球动量的变化量的大小为m(v 1+v 2),方向为竖直向上.1223.(★★★★)在圆轨道运动的质量为m的人造地球卫星,它到地面的距离等于地球半径R,已知地面上的重力加速度为g,则卫星运动的加速度为,卫星的动能为.24.(★★★)如图所示是电饭锅的电路示意图,R 1、R 2是电热丝,S是温控开关.电饭锅有加热和保温两种状态,则(1)S闭合,电饭锅处于加热状态;(2)若R 1:R 2=9:1,加热时功率是1000w,则保温时的功率是 100 w.25.(★★★)如图所示,水平放置的三条光滑平行金属导轨a、b、c位于同一水平面上,导轨间距均为d=1m,导轨ac间横跨一质量为m=1kg的金属棒MN,棒与三条导轨垂直,且始终接触良好.棒的电阻r=2Ω,导轨的电阻忽略不计.在导轨bc间接一阻值R=2Ω的灯泡,导轨ac间接一理想电压表.整个装置放在磁感应强度B=2T的匀强磁场中,磁场方向垂直导轨平面向下.现对棒MN施加水平向右的拉力F,使棒从静止开始运动.若棒达到稳定时的速度为1.5m/s,且水平外力功率恒定,则水平外力的功率为 3 W,此时电压表读数为5 V.26.(★★)如图所示,绝缘轻杆长L=0.9m,两端固定着带等量异种电荷的小球A、B,A带正电,B带负电,电荷量均为q=6.0X10 -6C,质量分别为m A=0.4kg、mB=0.8kg.轻杆可绕过O点的光滑水平轴转动,BO=2AO.整个装置处在水平向右的匀强电场中,电场强度E=5X10 5N/C.不计一切阻力,取g=10m/s 2,一根竖直细线系于杆上OA中点D使杆保持水平,则细线对杆的拉力大小为 24 N.细线烧断后,小球B的速度最大时杆与竖直方向夹角为 37o .五.实验题(共24分)27.(★★★)如图所示是某同学在做“探究求合力的方法”的实验装置,O点与悬挂点在同一竖直线上.(1)(单选)在实验过程中,要求每次合力与分力产生相同效果,必须 A(A)每次将结点O拉到同一位置(B)每次把橡皮条拉直(C)每次准确读出弹簧秤的示数(D)每次记准细绳方向(2)如果“力的平行四边形定则”得到验证,图②中两挂钩码的绳子与水平线间的夹角为α、β,则= .28.(★★★)应用如图所示的实验器材来研究电磁感应现象及判定感应电流方向.(1)在给出的实物图中,用实线作为导线完成其余部分电路的连接;(2)将线圈L 1插入L 2中,合上开关,能使感应电流与原电流的绕行方向相反的实验操作步骤是 D(A)拔出软铁棒(B)拨出线圈L 1(C)使变阻器滑片P左移(D)使变阻器滑片P右移(3)已知电流从灵敏电流计哪一侧接线柱流入时,指针就向那一侧偏转,若L 1线圈通电后相当于S极在上端的条形磁铁,断开开关瞬间,灵敏电流计的指针向右偏转,则俯视情况下,L 2线圈的绕向为顺时针.(填“顺时针”或“逆时针”)29.(★★★)某实验小组创新了研究小球平抛运动的实验,把固定斜槽轨道的实验桌搬到竖直墙的附近,使从桌面上斜槽轨道滚下的钢球能打在墙上,把白纸和复写纸固定在墙上,记录钢球的落点,如图甲所示.每记录一个钢球落点后斜槽水平端口离墙的水平距离增大10cm;在白纸上记录的落点分别为A、B、C、D,量出B、C、D到A点的距离分别为2.50cm、7.50cm、15.00cm,如图乙所示.重力加速度g取10m/s 2.请回答:(1)每次实验时应将钢球在斜槽上的相同(选填“相同”或“不同”)位置由静止释放.(2)钢球水平抛出时的速度为 2 m/s,击中C点时竖直方向速度的大小为 1.25m/s.(3)根据计算出来的结果,可以推断该小组记录第一个钢球落点A时斜槽水平端口离墙的水平距离值是 0.05m .30.(★★★)利用电流表和电压表测定一节干电池的电动势和内电阻的电路如图1.图2是实验室已有电流表和电压表表盘,要求尽量减小实验误差.现有两种规格的滑动变阻器 A.滑动变阻器(0~50Ω). B.滑动变阻器(0~200Ω),开关和导线随意选.(1)实验中滑动变阻器应选用A.(选填相应器材前的字母)(2)某位同学记录的6组数据如表所示,其中5组数据的对应点已经标在图3的坐标纸上,请标出余下一组数据的对应点,并画出U-I图线.(3)根据(2)中所画图线可得出干电池的电动势E= 1.5 V,内电阻r= 0.83 Ω.(4)实验中,随着滑动变阻器滑片的移动,电压表的示数U及干电池的输出功率P都会发生变化.定性画出PU关系的关系曲线(图4).(用E、r为已知量,标出图线与坐标轴交点坐标和极值点坐标)六.计算题(共50分)31.(★★★)民航客机都有紧急出口,打开紧急出口,狭长的气囊会自动充气,生成一条连接出口与地面的斜面,人员可沿斜面滑行到地面上,并以不变速率进入水平面,在水平面上再滑行一段距离而停止,如图所示.若机舱口下沿距地面3.6m,气囊构成的斜面长度为6.0m,一个质量60kg的人沿气囊滑下时所受到的摩擦阻力是240N.若人与水平面动摩擦因数与斜面相同,g=10m/s 2.求:(1)人与斜面的动摩擦因数;(2)人在斜面上下滑的时间;(3)人在水平面上滑行的距离.32.(★★★)如图,粗细均匀的弯曲玻璃管A、B两端开口,管内有一段水银柱,中管内水银面与管口A之间气体柱长为40cm,气体温度为27℃.将左管竖直插入水银槽中,整个过程温度不变,稳定后右管内水银面和中管内水银面出现4cm的高度差,(大气压强p 0=76cmHg)求:(1)左管A端插入水银槽的深度d.(2)为使右管内水银面和中管内水银面再次相平,需使气体温度降为多少℃?33.(★★★)如图甲所示,在竖直平面内有一个直角三角形斜面体,倾角θ为30o,斜边长为x 0.斜面顶部安装一个小的定滑轮,跨过定滑轮细绳连接两个物体A、B(均可视为质点),其质量分别为m 1、m 2,m 1与斜面摩擦因数为,滑轮摩擦不计.开始时A处于斜面最顶部O点,并取斜面底面所处的水平面为零重力势能面;B物体距离零势能面的距离为.现对A物体施加一个平行斜面斜向下的恒力F,使A物体由静止起沿斜面向下运动.在B物体竖直上升过程中,B物体的机械能随上升高度h的变化规律如图乙,则结合图象可求:(1)B物体最初的机械能E 1;(2)B物体上升x 0时的机械能E 2;(3)恒力F的大小.34.(★★)如图所示,足够长的金属导轨MN、PQ平行放置,间距为L=0.5m,与水平面成θ=30o角,导轨与定值电阻R 1和R 2相连,且R 1=R 2=2Ω,R 1支路串联开关S,原来S闭合.匀强磁场垂直导轨平面向上,有一质量为m=1.6kg、长度为L=0.5m、电阻为r=2Ω的导体棒ab与导轨垂直放置,它与导轨的接触粗糙且始终接触良好,现让导体棒ab 从静止开始释放,沿导轨下滑,当导体棒运动达到稳定状态时速率为v=2m/s,此时整个电路消耗的电功率为重力功率的.重力加速度g取10m/s 2,导轨电阻不计,求:(1)匀强磁场的磁感应强度B的大小和达到稳定状态后导体棒ab中的电流强度I;(2)如果导体棒ab从静止释放沿导轨下滑x=1.2m距离后运动达到稳定状态,在这一过程中回路中产生的电热是多少?(3)导体棒ab达到稳定状态后,断开开关S,从这时开始导体棒ab下滑一段距离后,通过导体棒ab横截面的电量为q=0.6C,求这段距离是多少?(4)文字描述断开S后导体棒ab的运动性质,并尽可能多的求出该过程中描述运动状态的物理量.。
上海市闵行区2014—2015学年高三化学一模试卷考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚,并在规定的区域填涂相关信息。
答题时客观题用2B铅笔涂写,主观题用黑色水笔填写。
2.本试卷共有53题,共10页。
满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
3.请将答案写在答题纸上,考试后只交答题纸,试卷由考生自己保留。
相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 Fe-56Cu-64 Ca-40 Mn-55 P-31一、选择题(本题共l0分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项。
)1.生活中处处有化学。
根据你所学过的化学知识,判断下列说法错误的是A.柑橘属于碱性食品B.为防止流感传染,可将教室门窗关闭后,用食醋熏蒸,进行消毒C.氯化钠是家庭常用的防腐剂,可用来腌制食品D.棉、麻、丝、毛及合成纤维完全燃烧都只生成CO2和H2O2.下列化学用语正确的是A .氮分子结构式B.乙炔的键线式C.四氯化碳的模型D.氧原子的轨道表示式3.下列物质中,由极性键构成的非极性分子是A.氯仿B.干冰C.石炭酸D.白磷4.下列有关物质的分类或归类正确的是A.化合物:CaCl2、烧碱、聚苯乙烯、HDB.电解质:明矾、胆矾、冰醋酸、硫酸钡C.同系物:CH2O2、C2H4O2、C3H6O2、C4H8O2D.同位素:C126、C136、60146C5.关于晶体的叙述正确的是A.原子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高B.分子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高C.存在自由电子的晶体一定是金属晶体,存在阳离子的晶体一定是离子晶体D.离子晶体中可能存在共价键,分子晶体中可能存在离子键二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项。
)6.下列使用加碘盐的方法正确的有H C C H①菜烧好出锅前加盐 ②先将盐、油放锅里加热,再加入食材烹饪 ③煨汤时,将盐和食材一起加入 ④先将盐放在热锅里炒一下,再加入食材烹饪 A .① B .②③④ C .③④ D .①③ 7.用N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。
闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a book store. B. At a library.C. At a hotel.D. At a ticket office.2. A. $30. B. $50. C. $60. D. $100.3. A. Watch the game with the woman. B. Play games with the woman.C. Watch the game on TV.D. Play games alone at home.4. A. Amusing. B. Inspiring. C. Fascinating. D. Boring.5. A. A college campus. B. An art museum.C. A beautiful park.D. An architectural exhibition.6. A. Before she finishes the report. B. When she is taking a break.C. After she finishes typing the report.D. While she is typing the report.7. A. To study for his degree. B. To go on a tour.C. To do a part-time job.D. To take up a new course.8. A. Arguing. B. Protesting. C. Bargaining. D. Complaining.9. A. Take some food to the picnic. B. Invite Gary’s family to dinner.C. Buy something special for Gary.D. Pay for part of the picnic food.10. A. She doesn’t mind John’s telling jokes. B. She enjoys John’s humor a great deal.C. She doesn’t appreciate John’s humor.D. She thinks John is not funny enough.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Babysitter. B. Architect.C. Fashion-designer.D. Government official.12. A. To avoid the household work. B. To add family income.C. To be financially independent.D. To make more friends.13. A. He wanted her wife to be with their children.B. He didn’t believe Barbara could find a job.C. He doubted Barbara’s ability to do her job well.D. He thought of Barbara’s job as meaningless.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The amount of air in the plane. B. The strength of the plane structure.C. The pressure outside the plane.D. The power of the plane engines.15. A. Keep the plane from exploding. B. Maintain safety speed in the high sky.C. Test the function of the engines.D. Control the plane when the engines fail.16. A. Two important tests on planes. B. The importance of flying safely.C. The dangers of plane test.D. How planes are made and tested.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Purpose of calling: To rent a (17) ___________.Location: On the Fifth Street, near the (18) ____________ store.Charge of renting: $80 a month, not including (19) ____________.Possible time to move in: After (20) ___________ 1st.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Why is the man worried? Because of the unsatisfactory (21) ___________.How can the company make the productsBy improving both the (22) __________.more competitive?What is the woman’s suggestion?Doing more TV (23) ___________.What does the man expect theTo help the company to (24) ___________.investments to do?Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five-day driving journey from California to Washington. We had to stop frequently (25) ______ (relax) ourselves.One of our stops, once we crossed the Oregon border, was at a Black Bear Diner. Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman (26) ______ (stand) at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing worn clothing. We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door. Then something told me to go back.Thinking the gentleman (27) ______ need something to eat, I turned around and said to the gentleman, “Sir. Are you hungry?” He said, “Yes.” I then asked, “May we buy you something to eat?” He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.”My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him to order (28) ______ he wanted. The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened. I spoke before he had an opportunity to say anything. “This gentleman will have lunch with us today,” I said. “Please add his order (29) ______ our bill.” The manager said with a frown (皱眉), “Okay.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly, “Thank You!” Soon we seated ourselves at the table and upon finishing our meal we (30) ______ (hand) our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman (31) ______ (order). One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with a slide of hash browns.When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn’t see him, but that very sm all act just made my day. I hope in some small way we were able to bring some joy into his life, (32) ______ ______ it only lasted for a few minutes.(B)Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment (33) ______ you asked for paper bags instead?(34) ______ answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are disadvantages in using both plastic bags and paper bags.Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and, as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.(35) ______ (far) damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish (水母), their main source of food, and often choke (噎死) on them.Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America, (36) ______ has caused great concern among scientists.However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.“Plastic grocery bags are some of the most (37) ______ (reuse) things around the house,” explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastics Council.Although paper bags are believed to be more environment-friendly, the fact is unknown to some people (38) ______ paper bags use more energy when manufactured and create more wastes than plastic bags.So you may ask (39) ______ what to do. One possible solution would be to use biodegradable (可降解的) plastic bags. But, it might be wiser to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags (40)______ biodegradable products become more reliable.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. beliefB. discourageC. choicesD. issueE. tryF. characterizeG. demonstrateH. ensureI. incomparableJ. opposingK. responsibleThe unique features of colleges and universities in the U.S. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular U.S. college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies 41 colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. “In America people have a strong 42 that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.”Foreign students also come in search of 43 . America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions—is 44 . No any single European country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, “there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to 45 professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) 46 on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration.Such 47 philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan, universities are 48 only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money.Centralization (集权化) is likely to 49 that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, it may also50 the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of 51 by individuals.One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the52 of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object—food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others—was sufficient reason to 53 force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females, thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.In the first place the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the54 destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.In the second place it is observable, that 55 occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were 56 defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes greatly to 57 the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the 58 species. Monkeys do not mind being 59 by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often 60 . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The 61 of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own 62 . A child will be stopped either by 63 causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be 64 because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by 65 , through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.51. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness52. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection53. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into54. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary55. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation56. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully57. A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate58. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable59. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled60. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcomed61. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion62. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality63. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic64. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented65. A. learning B. failing C. imitating D. refusingSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Around the world coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are facing threats brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive in the long run.Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced one of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexities of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors.“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. Theseresults are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”66. According to the first paragraph, we know that ______.A. different corals suffer differently by climate changeB. both heat and cold stress affect coralsC. cool temperature is more destructive to coralsD. it’s hard to know the effect of climate change on corals67. The phrase “subjected to” (in 3rd paragraph) is closest in meaning to “______”.A. referred toB. adjusted toC. exposed toD. stuck to68. By “Not much has been known about…”,Deheyn probably means that ______.A. we know very little about the effects of temperature decrease on coralsB. temperature decrease is not expected to have a bad effect on coralsC. it makes no sense to study the effects of temperature decrease on coralsD. corals may not have been affected by the decrease in temperature.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. Measures should be taken to control global warming.B. Climate change has resulted in more cold currents.C. Heat is responsible for the destruction of corals.D. Heat and cold damage corals in their own ways.(B)Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and devices will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows (肘) next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:●power tools rather than having to use muscle power.●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist(腕) to keep straight (See Figure 1). Thismeans that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selection ofsizes — remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for mentools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area.70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Good Tool Design for WomenB. Tool Design and Prevention of InjuriesC. Examples of Good Tool DesignD. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection71. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?A. It’s kept close to the body.B. It fully uses muscle power.C. It makes users feel relaxed.D. It’s operated with less force.72. What is Figure 1 used to show?A. The effective use of the tool.B. The way of operating the tool.C. The proper design of the handle.D. The purpose of bending the wrist.73. In choosing tools for women, ______ of the handle is the most important.A. the sizeB. the edgeC. the shapeD. the position(C)When we perceive other people, we seldom describe a person in cold and objective words. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Social scientist Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person: questions, self-disclosures (自我表露), and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know v ery little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent (前后不一致) behavior. Ironically (讽刺性地) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements).74. The word “pinpoint” (in 1st Para.) is closest in means to ______.A. appreciateB. obtainC. identifyD. interpret75. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A. People like to be described in cold, objective words.B. It is impossible to get inside of a person.C. It is difficult to describe a person in words.D. Getting to know a person is usually no easy job.76. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ______.A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB. the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsC. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyD. face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person77. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ______.A. discuss the various aspects of getting to know peopleB. provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC. warn readers of the negative side of people’s charactersD. give advice on appropriate behaviors for social occasionsSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.For years, there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists. In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin char ge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a wideni ng gap between clinical practice and science.”The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical experiments, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments—the tools of psychology—bring more lasting benefits than drugs.You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practise them. Why in the world not? Clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”, says Baker.When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology w ill “discredit (损伤名誉) itself.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. Clinical psychologists can’t explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they rely on_______________.79. What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?80. According to Baker, what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practisingeffective treatments?81. To avoid discrediting psychology, clinical psychologists need to ______________.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inthe brackets.82. 你有兴趣参加今晚的英语演讲比赛吗?(mood)83. 新建的医院让这里的居民就医方便多了。
2015年上海市闵行区高考数学一模试卷(文科)一.填空题1.(3分)已知集合A={x||x﹣|>},U=R,则∁U A=.2.(3分)若复数z满足(z+2)(1+i)=2i(i为虚数单位),则z=.3.(3分)函数f(x)=x cos x,若f(a)=,则f(﹣a)=.4.(3分)计算=.5.(3分)若x满足4x=8,则x=.6.(3分)已知θ∈(,π),sin﹣cos=,则cosθ=.7.(3分)若圆锥的侧面积为2π,底面面积为π,则该圆锥的体积为.8.(3分)口袋中有形状、大小相同的3只白球和1只黑球,现一次摸出2只球,则摸出的两球颜色不相同的概率是.9.(3分)已知正方形ABCD的边长为2,M是正方形四边上的动点,则的最大值为.10.(3分)函数y=|log22x|+|log2x|的最小值为.11.(3分)已知函数f(x)=()x,g(x)=x,记函数h(x)=,则方程h(x)=2的解为.12.(3分)已知F1、F2是椭圆Γ1:=1和双曲线Γ2:=1的公共焦点,P是它们的一个公共点,且∠F1PF2=,则mn的最大值为.13.(3分)在△ABC中,记角A、B、C所对的边长分别为a、b、c,若<0,则下列结论中:①△ABC是钝角三角形;②a2>b2+c2;③cos B cos C>sin B sin C;④sin B>cos C;其中错误结论的序号是.14.(3分)已知数列{a n}满足:对任意n∈N*均有a n+1=pa n+3p﹣3(p为常数,p ≠0且p≠1),若a2,a3,a4,a5∈{﹣19,﹣7,﹣3,5,10,29},写出一个满足条件的a1的值为.二.选择题15.(3分)已知圆O:x2+y2=1和直线l:y=kx+,则k=1是圆O与直线l 相切的()A.充要条件B.充分不必要条件C.必要不充分条件D.既不充分也不必要条件16.(3分)(2﹣x)8展开式中各项系数的和为()A.﹣1B.1C.256D.﹣256 17.(3分)已知y=f(x)是定义在R上的函数,下列命题正确的是()A.若f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且在(a,b)内有零点,则有f(a)•f(b)<0B.若f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f(b)>0,则其在(a,b)内没有零点C.若f(x)在区间(a,b)上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f (b)<0,则其在(a,b)内有零点D.如果函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f(b)<0,则其在(a,b)内有零点18.(3分)数列{a n}是公差d不为零的等差数列,其前n项和为S n,若记数据a1,a2,a3,…,a2015的方差为λ1,数据,,,…,的方差为λ2,则()A.λ1>λ2B.λ1=λ2C.λ1<λ2D.与的大小关系与公差的正负有关三.解答题19.如图,在直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=2,三棱锥A1﹣ABC的体积为,求直线A1B与CC1所成角的大小(结果用反三角函数值表示).20.某公司生产电饭煲,每年需投入固定成本40万元,每生产1万件还需另投入16万元的变动成本,设该公司一年内共生产电饭煲x万件并全部售完,每一万件的销售收入为R(x)万元,且R(x)=﹣,10<x<100,该公司在电饭煲的生产中所获年利润W(万元).(注:利润=销售收入﹣成本)(1)写出年利润W(万元)关于年产量x(万件)的函数解析式;(2)为了让年利润W不低于2760万元,求年产量x的取值范围.21.椭圆Γ:+=1(a>b>0)的左右焦点分别为F1、F2,已知椭圆Γ上的点P(,)到F1、F2的距离之和为2;(1)求椭圆Γ的方程;(2)若椭圆上两点C、D关于点M(1,)对称,求直线CD的方程.22.已知函数f(x)=sin2x+(sin2x﹣cos2x)+;(1)求函数f(x)的最小正周期;(2)若存在t∈[,]满足[f(t)]2﹣2f(t)﹣m=0,求实数m的取值范围;(3)求证:任意的x1∈[﹣,],存在唯一的x2∈[﹣,],使f(x1)•f (x2)=1成立.23.已知数列{a n}为等差数列,满足a n+a n+1=4n+2(n∈N*),其前n项和为S n,数列{b n}为等比数列,且a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n b n=(n﹣1)•2n+2+4对任意n∈N*的恒成立;(1)求数列{a n}、{b n}的通项公式;(2)是否存在p,q∈N*,使得(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392成立,若存在,求出所有满足条件的p,q,若不存在,说明理由;(3)记集合M={n|≥λ,n∈N*},若M中共有5个元素,求实数λ的取值范围.2015年上海市闵行区高考数学一模试卷(文科)参考答案与试题解析一.填空题1.(3分)已知集合A={x||x﹣|>},U=R,则∁U A=[﹣1,4].【解答】解:由A中不等式变形得:x﹣>或x﹣<﹣,解得:x>4或x<﹣1,即A=(﹣∞,﹣1)∪(4,+∞),∵U=R,∴∁U A=[﹣1,4].故答案为:[﹣1,4]2.(3分)若复数z满足(z+2)(1+i)=2i(i为虚数单位),则z=﹣1+i.【解答】解:由(z+2)(1+i)=2i,得,∴z=﹣1+i.故答案为:﹣1+i.3.(3分)函数f(x)=x cos x,若f(a)=,则f(﹣a)=﹣.【解答】解:∵f(x)=x cos x,f(a)=,∴f(a)=a cos a=,∴f(﹣a)=﹣a cos(﹣a)=﹣a cos a=.故答案为:﹣.4.(3分)计算=.【解答】解:原式==.故答案为:.5.(3分)若x满足4x=8,则x=.【解答】解:∵x满足4x=8,∴22x=23,∴2x=3,解得x=.故答案为:.6.(3分)已知θ∈(,π),sin﹣cos=,则cosθ=.【解答】解:∵θ∈(,π),sin﹣cos=,∴1﹣sinθ=,∴sinθ=,∵θ∈(,π),∴cosθ=﹣=﹣.故答案为:.7.(3分)若圆锥的侧面积为2π,底面面积为π,则该圆锥的体积为.【解答】解:根据题意,圆锥的底面面积为π,则其底面半径是1,底面周长为2π,又,∴圆锥的母线为2,则圆锥的高,所以圆锥的体积××π=.故答案为.8.(3分)口袋中有形状、大小相同的3只白球和1只黑球,现一次摸出2只球,则摸出的两球颜色不相同的概率是.【解答】解:口袋中有形状、大小相同的3只白球和1只黑球,现一次摸出2只球,基本事件总数n==6,摸出的两球颜色不相同,包含的基本事件个数m==3,∴摸出的两球颜色不相同的概率是p===.故答案为:.9.(3分)已知正方形ABCD的边长为2,M是正方形四边上的动点,则的最大值为4.【解答】解:以A为坐标原点,以AB方向为x轴正方向,以AD方向为y轴负方向建立坐标系,∵正方形ABCD的边长为2,∴=(2,0),M为正方形边界一点,设M(x,y),则0≤x≤2,0≤y≤2,=(x,y),则=2x≤4,当M在BC上时取得最大值4;故答案是:4.10.(3分)函数y=|log22x|+|log2x|的最小值为1.【解答】解:函数y=|log22x|+|log2x|=|1+log2x|+|﹣log2x|≥|1+log2x﹣log2x|=1.故答案为:1.11.(3分)已知函数f(x)=()x,g(x)=x,记函数h(x)=,则方程h(x)=2的解为x=.【解答】解:记f(x)与g(x)的图象交点的横坐标为x=x0,∵f()==<1=,∴x0∈(,1),函数h(x)的图象如图所示:∴h(x)=2=,解得:x=,故答案为:x=.12.(3分)已知F1、F2是椭圆Γ1:=1和双曲线Γ2:=1的公共焦点,P是它们的一个公共点,且∠F1PF2=,则mn的最大值为.【解答】解:设|PF1|=s,|PF2|=t,由题意可得公共焦点为知F1(﹣2,0),F2(2,0),即有c=2,在三角形PF1F2中,由余弦定理可得4c2=s2+t2﹣2st cos60°即s2+t2﹣st=16,由椭圆的定义可得s+t=2m(m>0),由双曲线的定义可得s﹣t=2n(n>0),解得s=m+n,t=m﹣n.即有16=(m+n)2+(m﹣n)2﹣(m+n)(m﹣n)=m2+3n2≥2mn,即有mn≤.当且仅当m=n,取得最大值.故答案为:.13.(3分)在△ABC中,记角A、B、C所对的边长分别为a、b、c,若<0,则下列结论中:①△ABC是钝角三角形;②a2>b2+c2;③cos B cos C>sin B sin C;④sin B>cos C;其中错误结论的序号是④.【解答】解:△ABC中,∵<0,则∠A为钝角,故①、②正确.再根据cos A=﹣cos(B+C)=﹣cos B cos C+sin B sin C<0,化简可得cos B cos C>sin B sin C,故③正确.根据B+C<,可得0<B<﹣C<,∴sin B<sin(﹣C)=cos C,即sin B <cos C,故④错误,故答案为:④.14.(3分)已知数列{a n}满足:对任意n∈N*均有a n+1=pa n+3p﹣3(p为常数,p ≠0且p≠1),若a2,a3,a4,a5∈{﹣19,﹣7,﹣3,5,10,29},写出一个满足条件的a1的值为﹣1.【解答】解:取a2=﹣7,a3=5,得5=﹣7p+3p﹣3,解得p=﹣2,∴a4=﹣2×5﹣3×2﹣3=﹣19,a5=﹣19×(﹣2)﹣3×2﹣3=29,∴﹣7=﹣2a1﹣3×2﹣3,解得a1=﹣1.故答案为:﹣1.二.选择题15.(3分)已知圆O:x2+y2=1和直线l:y=kx+,则k=1是圆O与直线l 相切的()A.充要条件B.充分不必要条件C.必要不充分条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【解答】解:∵圆O与直线l相切,∴圆心到直线的距离d==1,∴k=±1,∴k=1是圆O与直线l相切的充分不必要条件.故选:B.16.(3分)(2﹣x)8展开式中各项系数的和为()A.﹣1B.1C.256D.﹣256【解答】解:令二项式(2﹣x)8中的x=1,得到展开式中各项的系数的和为(2﹣1)8=1.∴展开式中各项的系数的和为1故选:B.17.(3分)已知y=f(x)是定义在R上的函数,下列命题正确的是()A.若f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且在(a,b)内有零点,则有f(a)•f(b)<0B.若f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f(b)>0,则其在(a,b)内没有零点C.若f(x)在区间(a,b)上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f (b)<0,则其在(a,b)内有零点D.如果函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,且有f(a)•f(b)<0,则其在(a,b)内有零点【解答】解:①y=x2,在(﹣1,1)内有零点,但是f(﹣1)•f(1)>0,故A 不正确,②y=x2,f(﹣1)•f(1)>0,在(﹣1,1)内有零点,故B不正确,③若f(x)在区间(a,b)上的图象是一条连续不断的曲线,f(a)=﹣1,f(b)=1,在(a,b)恒成立有f(x)>0,可知满足f(a)•f(b)<0,但是其在(a,b)内没有零点.故C不正确.所以ABC不正确,故选:D.18.(3分)数列{a n}是公差d不为零的等差数列,其前n项和为S n,若记数据a1,a2,a3,…,a2015的方差为λ1,数据,,,…,的方差为λ2,则()A.λ1>λ2B.λ1=λ2C.λ1<λ2D.与的大小关系与公差的正负有关【解答】解:由题意,数据a1,a2,a3,…,a2015的平均数为=a1008,所以λ1=[(a1﹣a1008)2+(a2﹣a1008)2+…+(a2015﹣a1008)2]=•(12+22+…+10072).数据,,,…,的平均数为a1+d,所以λ2=[(a1﹣a1﹣d)2+(a2﹣a1﹣d)2+…+(a2015﹣a1﹣d)2]=•(12+22+…+10072).所以λ1>λ2,故选:A.三.解答题19.如图,在直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=2,三棱锥A1﹣ABC的体积为,求直线A1B与CC1所成角的大小(结果用反三角函数值表示).【解答】解:根据已知条件;∴AA1=4;又AB=;AA1⊥AB;∴在Rt△ABA1中tan;;∵AA1∥CC1;∴∠AA1B是直线A1B和CC1所成角,并且该角为.20.某公司生产电饭煲,每年需投入固定成本40万元,每生产1万件还需另投入16万元的变动成本,设该公司一年内共生产电饭煲x万件并全部售完,每一万件的销售收入为R(x)万元,且R(x)=﹣,10<x<100,该公司在电饭煲的生产中所获年利润W(万元).(注:利润=销售收入﹣成本)(1)写出年利润W(万元)关于年产量x(万件)的函数解析式;(2)为了让年利润W不低于2760万元,求年产量x的取值范围.【解答】解:(1)当10<x<100时,W=xR(x)﹣(40+16x)=4360﹣﹣16x.(2)4360﹣﹣16x≥2760,所以x2﹣100x+2500≤0(x≠0),所以(x﹣50)2≤0,所以x=50.21.椭圆Γ:+=1(a>b>0)的左右焦点分别为F1、F2,已知椭圆Γ上的点P(,)到F1、F2的距离之和为2;(1)求椭圆Γ的方程;(2)若椭圆上两点C、D关于点M(1,)对称,求直线CD的方程.【解答】解:(1)∵椭圆Γ上的点P(,)到两焦点F1、F2的距离之和为2,∴=1,2a=2,a2=b2+c2,解得a=,b=1,c=1.∴椭圆Γ的方程为;(2)设C(x1,y1),D(x2,y2),设P是直线CD上的任意一点,可得=1,=,=(x≠1).∵=1,=1,相减可得:+(y1+y2)(y1﹣y2)=1,∴1+=0,(x1≠x2).∴=0,化为x+y﹣=0,当x=1时也成立.∴直线CD的方程为x+y﹣=0.22.已知函数f(x)=sin2x+(sin2x﹣cos2x)+;(1)求函数f(x)的最小正周期;(2)若存在t∈[,]满足[f(t)]2﹣2f(t)﹣m=0,求实数m的取值范围;(3)求证:任意的x1∈[﹣,],存在唯一的x2∈[﹣,],使f(x1)•f (x2)=1成立.【解答】解:(1)函数f(x)=sin2x+(sin2x﹣cos2x)+==sin(2x﹣)+,所以函数的最小正周期为;T=π;(2)由于,所以:,设:F(x)=[f(t)]2﹣2f(t)=(f(t)﹣)2﹣2∈[﹣2,﹣1],存在t∈[,]满足[f(t)]2﹣2f(t)﹣m=0,所以:m的取值范围为:m∈[﹣2,﹣1](3)对任意的x1∈[﹣,],存在唯一的x2∈[﹣,],使f(x1)•f(x2)=1成立,当时,使f(x1)f(x2)=1成立.当时,,所以:,)+.则:∈[﹣1,1],设:(a∈[﹣1,1]),由.解得:或,所以x2的解集为:{x2|或}(k∈Z).由于,所以:,由于函数在此区间内有严格的单调性.所以:存在唯一的x2∈[﹣,],使f(x1)•f(x2)=1成立.23.已知数列{a n}为等差数列,满足a n+a n+1=4n+2(n∈N*),其前n项和为S n,数列{b n}为等比数列,且a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n b n=(n﹣1)•2n+2+4对任意n∈N*的恒成立;(1)求数列{a n}、{b n}的通项公式;(2)是否存在p,q∈N*,使得(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392成立,若存在,求出所有满足条件的p,q,若不存在,说明理由;(3)记集合M={n|≥λ,n∈N*},若M中共有5个元素,求实数λ的取值范围.【解答】解:(1)∵数列{a n}为等差数列,满足a n+a n+1=4n+2(n∈N*),得,解得d=2,a1=2,∴a n=2+(n﹣1)×2=2n.由a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n﹣1b n﹣1+a n b n=(n﹣1)•2n+1,可得a1b1+a2b2+a3b3+…+a n﹣1b n﹣1=(n﹣2)•2n﹣1+1(n≥2),两式相减可得a n b n=n•2n﹣1,∴b n==2n.(2)假设存在p,q∈N*,使得(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392成立.∵(a2p+2)2﹣b q=392,∴(4p+4)2﹣2q=392,∴16(p+1)2=392+2q,∴(p+1)2=,∵,∴p=4,q=3.(3)∵d=2,a1=2,∴=n2+n,M={n|≥λ,n∈N*},∵M={n|,n∈N*}中共有5个元素,∴当n=1时,λ≤=1,当n=2时,λ≤=,当n=3时,λ≤=,当n=4时,λ≤=,当n=5时,λ≤=,当n=6时,λ>=,∴.。
闵行区高三下学期语文第一次联考(一模)试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共1题;共6分)1. (6分) (2015高一上·南昌期中) 下列名句中,没有语病的一句是()A . 上海和浙江在2014年出台高考综合改革试点,从2014年秋季新入学的高一学生开始实施,这批学生2017年参加高考。
B . 4月11日,“秦火火”涉嫌诽谤、寻衅滋事一案在北京市朝阳区法院开庭审理,表示自愿认罪,法庭并没有当庭宣判。
C . 全面小康怎样建成?难点如何破解?这不仅关系全面小康的实现,更关系中国梦的奠基,是推进当代中国发展进步必须回答的重大课题。
D . 印度尼西亚国家搜救中心负责人在记者会上说,根据目前掌握的信息初步显示,亚洲航空公司失联客机有可能已经沉入海底。
二、现代文阅读 (共3题;共27分)2. (6分)(2017·重庆模拟) 阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题任继愈:大师小事对于把学术视为毕生追求的学者而言,著书立说乃安身立命之本。
但任继愈晚年却把全部精力都投入到古籍整理中去,而放弃了自己的研究与著述。
在生命最后的20年里,他主持编订了总字数过亿的《中华大藏经》,编纂了总计近8亿字的古籍文献资料汇编《中华大典》,主持了国图镇馆之宝文津阁《四库全书》的影印出版,参与了点校本《二十四史》《清史稿》的修订工作等。
他皓首穷经,甘为幕后英雄。
其实,在繁重的古籍整理工作之余,任继愈并未放弃自己的学术追求。
在他的家中,至今仍保存着大量零零碎碎写有心得体会和读书摘抄的纸片。
“本来他是想把这些资料积累起来,重新写一部《中国哲学史》,还想写一部有关教育的书,结果2009年就过世了。
”因为有行政职务,任继愈拒绝参与自己主编的这些著作的评奖。
在编辑《中华大藏经》最困难的时候,没有办公室,他自己掏钱,每月400元租房子给编辑部用。
他对中华古籍那是真爱,感情深极了。
20世纪90年代的一天,任继愈在馆内巡视,突然发现老朋友季羡林坐在古籍善本阅览室里,也没在看书,就在那儿坐着。
上海市语文散装同步试卷(闵行区第一学期期末抽查考)一、阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成第1—6题。
(16分)雅俗之伪:二人转的生态学①我国有丰富的民间文化艺术资源,优秀的民间文艺滋养着主流文化。
新世纪以来的非物质文化遗产运动,使衍生于农耕文明的民间文艺受到主流意识形态前所未有的重视。
民间文艺的传承传播呈现出从官媒、精英到民众、社区的反哺..状态。
就二人转传承传播的现状而言,像赵本山这样有着极高社会身份和社会影响力的二人转的传承者,正是在和央视、尤其是“春晚”的推动下,充分发挥自己的明星效应和聪明才智,将二人转这一原本主要在东北乡野生存的民间艺术进行了有效的挪移,重新赋予了二人转以新的生机。
②根据展演形态和空间的变化,二人转的类型也不同。
广场二人转满足了生活在东北黑土地上不同群体的闲暇需求,它与黑土地人们的生产生活水乳交融,成为后来诸多形态二人转之母。
剧场二人转的盛行是在新中国成立后的上世纪五十年代,随着时代变化,它多了对新社会、新时代的歌颂和对旧社会、旧时代的批判。
当下的剧场二人转的演者,会根据自己对二人转的理解和对受众欲望的解读,在经济利益和名誉追求最大化的驱使下,使自己的表演在雅俗警戒线上下游移。
现代传媒的传播手段使二人转节目变成一种音像制品出现在市场,并拥有了自己的消费者,媒介二人转因其传播的便捷,将广场二人转和剧场二人转最大程度地散布到生活世界的各个角落。
③民间艺术是伴随民众的日常生活产生、传承和演变的,凝聚着人们对自然、社会的基本认知,是民众的一种生活方式与习惯。
在任何一种有着生命力的民间文艺那里,雅俗是一体的,雅俗的区分,主要的体现在这些民间文艺展演的现场,是由特定的时间、空间、演者、观者、展演内容与形式等互相影响、制约并合力决定的。
④在今天的中国,农耕文明、工业文明、信息文明等多种文明混融并存的状态下,任何一种艺术如果只能满足小部分人一时的兴趣和欲望,都将不会具有长久的生命力。
虽然难于将之与公民意识、公民社会等联系起来,但在政治、文化、市场、传媒、明星艺术家的相互合作下,二人转在剧场内外、舞台上下、荧屏里外的红火,正是因为它在相当意义上满足了不同人群不同语境和心境下的欲求。
闵行区学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试地理试卷(考试时间分钟满分分)考生注意:.全卷共页,包括两大题,第一大题(小题)为选择题,第二大题(小题)为综合分析题。
请将全部答案写在答题纸上。
.答题前,先将自己的姓名、学校填写清楚,并填涂准考证号,请仔细核对。
答题时选择题用铅笔按要求涂写,综合分析题用黑色水笔填写。
.考试后只交答题纸,试卷由自己保留。
一、选择题(每小题只有个正确答案。
每小题分,共分)(一)2014年10月8日的月全食天象,开始于北京时间时分,结束于当日时分。
.月全食形成条件包括①日地月三者完全成一直线②地球在太阳和月球之间③地球被月球本影扫过④月球全部从地球本影中通过.①②③.①②④.①③④.②③④.当天的农历日期是.初一.初八.十五 .廿三.当天上海的月出时间是北京时间时分,以下哪个现象上海月出时已经发生. 初亏 .食既 . 食甚 . 生光(二)亚洲某地位于°、°,该地所在国家有着独特的自然与人文景观。
.该地所属的气候类型是. 热带季风气候 .热带稀树草原气候.热带沙漠气候 .热带雨林气候.该地在世界文化圈中属于.伊斯兰文化圈 .南亚文化圈.东南亚文化圈 .非洲文化圈.该地所属国家在国际贸易中出口的主要产品之一是.铁矿石 .大米.石油 .咖啡(三)年第号台风“海鸥”于9月12日生成后,先后在菲律宾东北部、海南东部、广东南部、越南北部沿海完成四次登陆。
下图为此次台风活动中的三张地面天气图(气压单位:百帕)。
.菲律宾群岛北部的天气变化状况最可能对应下图中.①.②.③.④.图示月日到月日期间.“海鸥”势力逐渐减弱.移动路径先向西北后向东北.香港风向由偏北转为偏南.长江中下游伏旱旱情得到缓解(四)下图为我国某地地形发育示意图。
.图中甲地反映的地形主要分布在我国的.黄土高原.云贵高原.内蒙古高原.准噶尔盆地.图中地形的发育主要受到的外力影响是.风力侵蚀.流水沉积.冰川侵蚀.流水溶蚀.在甲地建设铁路面临的主要困难,最有可能的是。
上海市闵行区2015年高考化学一模试卷一、选择题(本题共l0分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项.)1.生活中处处有化学.根据你所学过的化学知识,判断下列说法错误的是()A.柑橘属于碱性食品B.为防止流感传染,可将教室门窗关闭后,用食醋熏蒸,进行消毒C.氯化钠是家庭常用的防腐剂,可用来腌制食品D.棉、麻、丝、毛及合成纤维完全燃烧都只生成CO2和H2O考点:氨基酸、蛋白质的结构和性质特点;纤维素的性质和用途;常见的食品添加剂的组成、性质和作用..分析:A、食品的酸碱性与其本身的pH值无关(味道是酸的食品不一定是酸性食品),主要是食品经过消化、吸收、代谢后,最后在人体内变成酸性或碱性的物质来界定;B、食醋具有很强的杀菌能力;C、氯化钠可以使细菌细胞脱水,蛋白质发生变性,使细菌进而死亡,从而达到防腐效果;D、棉、麻属于纤维素,羊毛属于蛋白质,合成纤维是以小分子的有机化合物为原料,经加聚反应或缩聚反应合成的线型有机高分子化合物,分子中出C、H元素外,还含有其它元素,如N元素等.解答:解:A、含钾、钠、钙、镁等矿物质较多的食物,在体内的最终的代谢产物常呈碱性,产生碱性物质的称为碱性食品,蔬菜、水果、乳类、大豆和菌类食物等,柑橘水水果,属于碱性食品,故A正确;B、食醋具有很强的杀菌能力,可以细菌消毒,防止流感传染,故B正确;C、氯化钠可以使细菌细胞脱水,蛋白质发生变性,使细菌进而死亡,从而达到防腐效果,故C正确;D、棉、麻属于纤维素,含有C、H两种元素,完全燃烧只生成CO2和H2O;羊毛属于蛋白质,含有C、H、O、N等元素,完全燃烧除生成CO2和H2O,还有其它物质生成;合成纤维是以小分子的有机化合物为原料,经加聚反应或缩聚反应合成的线型有机高分子化合物,分子中出C、H元素外,还含有其它元素,如N元素等,完全燃烧除生成CO2和H2O,还有其它物质生成,故D错误;故选D.点评:本题主要是考查学生对常见的以化学知识为主的生活常识的理解和应用,比较基础,注意基础知识的理解掌握.2.(2分)(2015•闵行区模拟)下列化学用语正确的是()A.B.乙炔的键线式H﹣C﹣C﹣H 氮分子结构式C.D.氧原子的轨道表示式四氯化碳的模型考点:电子式、化学式或化学符号及名称的综合;球棍模型与比例模型..分析:A.为氮气的电子式,用短线代替所有的共用电子对即为结构式;B.乙炔分子中含有1个碳碳三键,键线式中可以省略碳氢键;C.四氯化碳分子中,氯原子半径大于碳原子,氯原子的相对体积应该大于碳原子;D.氧原子的核外电子总数为8,核外含有3个电子层,据此判断其轨道表示式.解答:解:A.氮气分子中存在1个氮氮三键,氮气的结构式为:N≡N,故A错误;B.键线式中需要省略碳氢键,乙炔的键线式为:C≡C,故B错误;C.四氯化碳为正四面体结构,氯原子的相对体积大于碳原子,四氯化碳的比例模型为:,故C错误;D.氧原子核外电子总数为8,最外层为6个电子,其轨道表示式为:,故D正确;故选D.点评:本题考查了化学用语的书写判断,题目难度中等,注意掌握比例模型、电子轨道表示式、键线式、结构式等化学用语的书写原则,明确甲烷和四氯化碳的比例模型的区别,为易错点.3.(2分)(2015•闵行区模拟)下列物质中,由极性键构成的非极性分子是()A.氯仿B.干冰C.石炭酸D.白磷考点:极性分子和非极性分子;极性键和非极性键..分析:根据由同种原子构成的共价键是非极性键,不同原子构成的共价键是极性键,分子中正负电荷中心不重合,从整个分子来看,电荷的分布是不均匀的,不对称的,这样的分子为极性分子,以极性键结合的双原子一定为极性分子,以极性键结合的多原子分子如结构对称,正负电荷的重心重合,电荷分布均匀,则为非极性分子.解答:解:A、氯仿是极性键形成的极性分子,故A错误;B、干冰是直线型,分子对称,是极性键形成的非极性分子,故B正确;C、石炭酸是非极性键形成的非极性分子,故C错误;D、白磷是下正四面体结构,非极键形成的非极性分子,故D错误;故选B.点评:本题主要考查了共价键与分子极性的关系,难度不大,注意非极性分子的结构对称,正负电荷中心重合来解答.4.(2分)(2015•闵行区模拟)下列有关物质的分类或归类正确的是()A.化合物:CaCl2、烧碱、聚苯乙烯、HDB.电解质:明矾、胆矾、冰醋酸、硫酸钡C.同系物:CH2O2、C2H4O2、C3H6O2、C4H8O2D.同位素:C、C、C60考点:单质和化合物;同位素及其应用;电解质与非电解质;芳香烃、烃基和同系物..分析:A、根据化合物是由不同种元素组成的纯净物进行分析;B、根据电解质是在水溶液中或熔融状态下能导电的化合物进行分析;C、根据同系物是结构相似,结构相差CH2的有机物进行分析.D、质子数相同,中子数不同的原子互称同位素.解答:解:A、CaCl2、烧碱属于化合物,聚乙烯是高分子化合物,属于混合物,HD为单质,故A错误;B、明矾是硫酸铝钾结晶水合物,胆矾是硫酸铜结晶水合物,冰醋酸是醋酸,硫酸钡是盐,它们都是在水溶液中或熔化状态下能导电的化合物,都是电解质,故B正确;C、CH2O2、C2H4O2、C3H6O2、C4H8O2,结构不相似,不属于同系物,故C错误;D、C、C是碳元素不同核素,互为同位素,、C60是单质,故D错误.故选B.点评:本题考查物质的分类知识,熟记各类物质的概念是解决该题的关键,题目难度不大.5.(2分)(2015•闵行区模拟)关于晶体的叙述正确的是()A.原子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高B.分子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高C.存在自由电子的晶体一定是金属晶体,存在阳离子的晶体一定是离子晶体D.离子晶体中可能存在共价键,分子晶体中可能存在离子键考点:离子晶体;原子晶体;分子晶体;金属晶体..分析:A.原子晶体熔化需要破坏共价键;B.分子晶体的熔沸点由分子间作用力决定;C.石墨中含有自由电子,含有阳离子的可能是金属晶体;D.分子晶体一定不含离子键.解答:解:A.原子晶体中共价键越强,原子之间结合的越牢固,想熔化它所需要的能量越多,熔点就越高,故A正确;B.分子晶体的熔沸点由分子间作用力决定,分子间作用力越强,熔沸点越高,与共价键无关,故B错误;C.石墨中含有自由电子,石墨不是金属,含有阳离子的可能是金属晶体或离子晶体,故C错误;D.分子晶体一定不含离子键,离子晶体中一定含有离子键可能含有共价键,故D错误.故选A.点评:本题考查原子晶体、离子晶体、分子晶体、金属晶体的构成和性质,难度不大,注意石墨晶体中含有自由电子.二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项.)6.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)下列使用加碘盐的方法正确的有()①菜烧好出锅前加盐②先将盐、油放锅里加热,再加入食材烹饪③煨汤时,将盐和食材一起加入④先将盐放在热锅里炒一下,再加入食材烹饪.A.①B.②③④C.③④D.①③考点:碘与人体健康..分析:碘元素被称为智力元素,碘缺乏易得甲状腺肿,加碘食盐中加入含碘元素物质是KIO3,高温下易分解,据此分析解答.解答:解:加碘食盐中加入含碘元素物质是KIO3,高温下易分解,所以使用碘盐时不宜高温煎炒,故①正确;故选A.点评:本题考查化学与生活,明确物质的性质是解本题关键,注意加碘盐的正确使用方法,题目难度不大.7.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)用NA表示阿伏加德罗常数的值.下列叙述正确的是()A. 1.0L1.0mol/L的Na2SO4水溶液中含有的氧原子数为4NAB. 1molNa2O2固体中含离子总数与1molCH4中所含共价键数目相等C. 1molNaClO中所有ClO﹣的电子总数为26NAD.标准状况下,6.72LNO2与水充分反应转移的电子数目为0.1NA考点:阿伏加德罗常数..分析:A、Na2SO4水溶液中,水分子也含有氧原子;B、Na2O2由2个钠离子和1个过氧根构成;C、1molClO﹣中含26mol电子;D、NO2与水的反应为歧化反应.解答:解:A、Na2SO4水溶液中,水分子也含有氧原子,故1.0L1.0mol/L的Na2SO4水溶液中含有的氧原子数大于4NA,故A错误;B、Na2O2由2个钠离子和1个过氧根构成,故1molNa2O2中含3mol离子,而1mol甲烷中含4molC﹣H键,故B错误;C、1molNaClO中含1molClO﹣,而1molClO﹣中含26mol电子,故C正确;D、标况下,6.72L二氧化氮的物质的量为0.3mol,而NO2与水的反应为歧化反应,3molNO2转移2mol电子,故0.3mol二氧化氮转移0.2mol电子,故D错误.故选C.点评:本题考查了阿伏伽德罗常数的有关计算,掌握公式的使用和物质的结构、状态是解题关键,难度不大.8.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)“结构决定性质”是学习有机化学尤为重要的理论,不仅表现在官能团对物质性质的影响上,还表现在原子或原子团相互的影响上.以下事实并未涉及原子或原子团相互影响的是()A.乙醇是非电解质而苯酚有弱酸性B.卤代烃难溶于水而低级醇、低级醛易溶于水C.甲醇没有酸性,甲酸具有酸性D.苯酚易与浓溴水反应生成白色沉淀而苯与液溴的反应需要铁粉催化考点:有机分子中基团之间的关系..分析:A.苯环影响甲基,甲苯易被氧化;苯环影响﹣OH,具有酸性B.低级醇、低级醛能与水形成氢键;C.羰基影响羟基,使得﹣OH氢变得活泼;D.﹣OH影响苯环,苯酚中苯环上的H易被取代.解答:解:A.苯环影响﹣OH,具有酸性,乙醇为中性,﹣OH连接的烃基不同,可说明原子与原子团的相互影响会导致物质的性质不同,故A不选;B.低级醇、低级醛能与水形成氢键,所以低级醇、低级醛易溶于水,卤代烃难溶于水,不能明原子间(或原子与原子团间)的相互影响会导致物质的性质不同,故B选;C.羰基影响羟基,使得﹣OH氢变得活泼,甲酸具有酸性,而甲醇没有酸性,可说明原子与原子团的相互影响会导致物质的性质不同,故C不选;D.﹣OH影响苯环,苯酚中苯环上的H易被取代,而苯与液溴反应还需要加铁屑作催化剂,可说明原子与原子团的相互影响会导致物质的性质不同,故D不选;故选B.点评:本题考查有机物的结构与性质,把握官能团与性质的关系、原子或原子团的相互影响为解答的关键,侧重常见有机物结构、性质的考查,题目难度不大.9.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)下列除杂方案正确的是()选项被提纯的物质杂质除杂试剂除杂方法A CO2(g)SO2(g)饱和NaHSO3溶液、浓H2SO4 洗气B NH4Cl(aq)Fe3+(aq)N aOH溶液过滤C Cl2(g)HCl(g)饱和NaHCO3溶液、浓H2SO4 洗气D SO2(g)SO3(g)浓H2SO4 洗气A. A B. B C. C D.D考点:物质的分离、提纯的基本方法选择与应用..专题:化学实验基本操作.分析:A.SO2与饱和NaHSO3溶液、浓H2SO4不反应;B.引入新杂质;C.应用饱和食盐水除杂;D.SO3易和水反应生成H2SO4.解答:解:A.SO2与饱和NaHSO3溶液、浓H2SO4不反应,应用饱和NaHCO3溶液,故A 错误;B.应加入氨水除杂,不能用氢氧化钠,否则引入新杂质,故B错误;C.氯气与水反应生成盐酸和次氯酸,盐酸和饱和NaHCO3溶液反应,应用饱和食盐水除杂,故C错误;D.SO3易和水反应生成H2SO4,可除去杂质,故D正确.故选D.点评:本题考查物质的分离、提纯,为高频考点,侧重于学生的分析能力、实验能力的考查,主要把握物质的性质的异同,为解答该题的关键,注意除杂时不能引入新杂质,更不能影响被提纯物质的性质.10.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)A是一种常见的单质,B、C为中学常见的化合物,A、B、C 均含有元素X.它们有如下的转化关系(部分产物及反应条件已略去),下列判断正确的是()A. X元素可能为AlB. X元素不一定为非金属元素C.反应①和②互为可逆反应D.反应①和②一定为氧化还原反应考点:无机物的推断..专题:推断题.分析:A为单质;BC为化合物,所以①②一定为氧化还原反应,据这两个反应特点知A元素在①反应中化合价既升高,又降低,故A一定不是金属,①②不互为可逆反应,因为条件不同.解答:解:A在碱中生成BC,BC在酸中又生成A,说明BC中含A元素,所以①②是氧化还原反应,A单质存在负价,一定是非金属;A、X若为Al,铝和强碱反应生成偏铝酸钠和氢气,不能发生BC在酸中生成A,故A错误;B、根据上述分析X元素一定是非金属元素,故B错误;C、反应①和②的反应条件不同,不能互为可逆反应,故C错误;D、反应①和②一定为氧化还原反应,故D正确.故选D.点评:本题考查了无机物质的转化关系,物质性质的应用,主要考查了氧化还原反应的歧化反应和归中反应,熟悉元素化合价的变化,金属无负价,掌握可逆反应的概念应用.11.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)下列离子方程式正确的是()A.氯化铝溶液与一定量的碳酸钠溶液反应:Al3++3CO32﹣+3H2O→Al(OH)3↓+3HCO3﹣B.氯化钠固体与浓硫酸混合微热:Cl﹣+H+HCl↑C.氯气通入石灰乳:Cl2+2OH﹣→Cl﹣+ClO﹣+H2OD.苯酚钠溶液呈碱性的原理:C6H5O﹣+H2O→C6H5OH+OH﹣考点:离子方程式的书写..分析:A.氯化铝与碳酸钠溶液发生双水解生成氢氧化铝和二氧化碳;B.固体氯化钠、浓硫酸应保留化学式;C.石灰乳中氢氧化钙应保留化学式;D.苯酚钠水解生成苯酚和氢氧化钠.解答:解:A.氯化铝溶液与一定量的碳酸钠溶液反应,离子方程式:2Al3++3CO32﹣+3H2O→2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑,故A错误;B.氯化钠固体与浓硫酸混合微热,离子方程式:H2SO4()NaCl(固)=NaHSO4HCl (g),故B错误;C.氯气通入石灰乳,离子方程式:Ca(OH)2+2Cl2═2Ca2++2Cl﹣+2ClO﹣+2H2O,故D.酚钠溶液呈碱性的原理,离子方程式:C6H5O﹣+H2O→C6H5OH+OH﹣,故D正确;故选:D.点评:本题考查了离子方程式的书写,侧重考查化学式的拆分,注意浓硫酸、固体氯化钠、石灰乳应保留化学式,题目难度不大.12.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)在使用下列各实验装置时,不合理的是()A.装置用于分离CCl4和H2O的混合物B.装置用于收集H2、CO2、Cl2等气体C.装置用于吸收NH3或HCl,并防止倒吸D.装置用于收集NH3,并吸收多余的NH3考点:化学实验方案的评价..分析:A.CCl4和H2O的混合物分层;B.短导管进入可收集密度比空气小的气体,长导管进入可收集密度比空气大的气体;C.四氯化碳的密度比水大,在下层,可使气体与水不能直接接触;D.不能利用无水氯化钙干燥氨气.解答:解:A.CCl4和H2O的混合物分层,则图中分液装置可分离,故A正确;B.短导管进入可收集密度比空气小的气体,长导管进入可收集密度比空气大的气体,则图中装置可收集H2、CO2、Cl2等气体,故B正确;C.四氯化碳的密度比水大,在下层,可使气体与水不能直接接触,则装置用于吸收NH3或HCl,并防止倒吸,故C正确;D.不能利用无水氯化钙干燥氨气,应选碱石灰干燥,故D错误;点评:本题考查化学实验方案的评价,为高频考点,涉及混合物分离提纯、气体的收集、防止倒吸等,把握图中装置的作用及实验基本技能为解答的关键,侧重分析与实验能力的考查,题目难度不大.13.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)如图表示反应M (g)+N (g)⇌2R(g)过程中能量变化,下列有关叙述正确的是()A.由图可知,2molR的能量高于1molM和1molN的能量和B.曲线B代表使用了催化剂,反应速率加快,M的转化率:曲线B>曲线AC. 1molM和1molN的总键能高于2molR的总键能D.对反应2R(g)⇌M (g)+N (g)使用催化剂没有意义考点:化学反应的能量变化规律..分析:A.依据图象分析,生成物的总能量高于反应物的总能量;B.催化剂加快化学反应速率是降低了反应的活化能,但不能改变转化率;C.依据图象中反应物和生成物能量的大小比较判断;D.使用催化剂能改变化学反应速率.解答:解:A.图象中反应物能量低于生成物能量,故反应是吸热反应,生成物的总能量高于反应物的总能量,即2molR的能量高于1molM和1molN的能量和,故A正确;B.催化剂改变化学反应速率是降低了反应的活化能,改变反应的路径,曲线B代表使用了催化剂,反应速率加快,但M的转化率:曲线B=曲线A,故B错误;C.图象中反应物能量低于生成物能量,故反应是吸热反应,键能是指断开键所需的能量,1molM和1molN的总键能高于2molR的总键能,故C正确;D.图象分析使用催化剂能加快化学反应速率,故D错误;故选AC.点评:本题考查了化学反应的能量变化分析,催化剂的作用实质,图象识别和理解含义是解题关键,题目难度不大.14.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)W、X、Y、Z都是元素周期表中前20号的元素.W的阳离子与Y的阴离子具有相同的电子层结构,且能形成化合物WY;Y和Z属同族元素,它们能形成两种常见化合物;X和Z属于同一周期元素,它们能形成两种常见气态化合物;W和X能形成化合物WX2,X和Y不在同一周期,它们能形成组成为XY2的化合物.关于W、X、Y、Z的说法正确的是()A.气态氢化物稳定性:X>ZB.最高价氧化物对应的水化物酸性:X<YC.化合物WX2和XY2均为共价化合物D.W、Y、Z的简单离子半径:W>Y>Z考点:原子结构与元素周期律的关系..分析:W、X、Y、Z都是元素周期表中前20号的元素.W的阳离子与Y的阴离子具有相同的电子层结构,且能形成化合物WY,为ⅠA、ⅦA元素或ⅡA、ⅥA族元素,而Y和Z属同族元素,它们能形成两种常见化合物,Y、Z为ⅥA族元素,则Y、Z分别为O元素、Z为S元素中的一种,故W处于ⅡA族;X和Z属于同一周期元素,它们能形成两种常见气态化合物,W和X能形成化合物WX2,考虑X为C元素,则Z为O元素、Y为S元素,则W为Ca元素,Ca与碳可以形成CaC2,C和S不在同一周期,它们能形成组成为CS2,验证符合题意,据此解答.解答:解:W、X、Y、Z都是元素周期表中前20号的元素.W的阳离子与Y的阴离子具有相同的电子层结构,且能形成化合物WY,为ⅠA、ⅦA元素或ⅡA、ⅥA族元素,而Y和Z属同族元素,它们能形成两种常见化合物,Y、Z为ⅥA族元素,则Y、Z分别为O元素、Z为S元素中的一种,故W处于ⅡA族;X和Z属于同一周期元素,它们能形成两种常见气态化合物,W和X能形成化合物WX2,考虑X为C元素,则Z为O元素、Y为S元素,则W为Ca元素,Ca与碳可以形成CaC2,C和S不在同一周期,它们能形成组成为CS2,验证符合题意,A.X为C、Z为O,非金属性C<O,故氢化物稳定性X<Z,故A错误;B.X为C、Y为S,非金属性C<S,故最高价含氧酸的酸性:碳酸<硫酸,故B正确;C.化合物CaC2属于离子化合物,CS2属于共价化合物,故C错误;D.W、Y、Z的简单离子分别为Ca2+、S2﹣、O2﹣,电子层结构相同核电荷数越大离子半径越小、电子层越多离子半径越大,故离子半径:S2﹣>Ca2+>O2﹣,故D错误,故选B.点评:本题考查结构性质位置关系综合应用,推断元素是解题关键,需要学生熟练掌握元素化合物结构与性质,难度较大.15.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)水的电离常数如图两条曲线所示,曲线中的点都符合c(H+)×c(OH﹣)=常数,下列说法错误的是()A.图中温度T1>T2B.图中五点Kw间的关系:B>C>A=D=EC.曲线a、b均代表纯水的电离情况D.若处在B点时,将pH=2的硫酸溶液与pH=12的KOH溶液等体积混合后,溶液显碱性考点:离子积常数..分析:由图象可知,A、C、D都为T1时的曲线上,水的Kw只与温度有关,温度相同时Kw 相同,温度升高,促进水的电离,Kw增大,另外也可根据c(OH﹣)×c(H+)计算Kw大小,水的离子积只与温度有关,与溶液的类型无关,可能为纯水,也可能为酸、碱、盐溶液.解答:解:A.由图象可知,A在T2时的曲线上,而B在曲线T1上,因为A、B电离产生的氢离子与氢氧根离子的浓度相等,所以是纯水的电离,B点的电离度大于A,所以温度T1>T2,故A正确;B.由图象可知,A、C、D都为T1时的曲线上,水的Kw只与温度有关,温度相同时Kw相同,温度升高,促进水的电离,Kw增大,则B>A=D=E,由C点c(OH﹣)×c (H+)可知,C点的Kw大于A点,则B>C>A=D=E,故B正确;C.由图象可知,A在T2时的曲线上,而B在曲线T1上,因为A、B电离产生的氢离子与氢氧根离子的浓度相等,所以曲线a、b中点B和点A代表纯水的电离,故C错误;D.B点时,Kw=1×10﹣12,pH=2的硫酸中c(H+)=0.01mol/L,与pH=12的KOH溶液中c(OH﹣)=1mol/L,等体积混合后,溶液显碱性,故D正确;故选C.点评:本题考查弱电解质的电离,题目难度中等,注意分析图象,把握水的离子积只受温度的影响.16.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)电渗析法是指在外加电场作用下,利用阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜的选择透过性,使部分离子透过离子交换膜而迁移到另一部分水中,从而使一部分水淡化而另一部分水浓缩的过程.如图是利用电渗析法从海水中获得淡水的原理图,已知海水中含Na+、Cl﹣、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42﹣等离子,电极为石墨电极.下列有关描述错误的是()A.阳离子交换膜是A,不是BB.通电后阳极区的电极反应式:2Cl﹣﹣2e﹣→Cl2↑C.工业上阴极使用铁丝网代替石墨碳棒,以减少石墨的损耗D.阴极区的现象是电极上产生无色气体,溶液中出现少量白色沉淀考点:电解原理..分析:A、阴离子交换膜只允许阴离子自由通过,阳离子交换膜只允许阳离子自由通过;B、阳极上是阴离子失去电子的氧化反应;C、电解池的阴极材料可以被保护;D、阴极区域是氢离子得电子的还原反应,据此回答.解答:解:A、阴离子交换膜只允许阴离子自由通过,阳离子交换膜只允许阳离子自由通过,隔膜B和阴极相连,阴极是阳离子放电,所以隔膜B是阳离子交换膜,故A错误;B、阳极上是阴离子氯离子失去电子的氧化反应,即2Cl﹣﹣2e﹣→Cl2↑,故B正确;C、电解池的阴极材料可以被保护,阴极使用铁丝网代替石墨碳棒,以减少石墨的损耗,故C正确;D、阴极区域是氢离子得电子的还原反应,电极上产生无色气体氢气,氢氧根离子浓度增加,溶液中出现少量氢氧化镁白色沉淀,故D正确.故选A.点评:本题考查学生电解池的工作原理以及电极反应式的书写知识,注意知识的归纳和梳理是关键,难度中等.17.(3分)(2015•闵行区模拟)如表记录了t℃的4份相同的硫酸铜溶液中加入的无水硫酸铜的质量以及析出的硫酸铜晶体(CuSO4•5H2O)的质量(温度保持不变)的空验数椐:硫酸铜溶液①②③④加入的无水硫酸铜(g)3.0 5.5 8.5 10.0析出的硫酸铜晶体(g)1.0 5.5 10.9 13.6当加入6.2g无水硫酸铜时,析出硫酸铜晶体的质量(g)为()A. 7.7 B. 6.8 C. 5.8 D.9.0考点:溶液中溶质的质量分数及相关计算..专题:计算题.分析:根据图表可看出无水硫酸铜的质量每增加 2.5g析出硫酸铜晶体的质量增加:(5.5﹣1.0)g=4.5g,可求出增加3.2g无水硫酸铜析出硫酸铜晶体的质量,然后计算出加入6.2g无水硫酸铜时析出硫酸铜晶体的质量.解答:解:无水硫酸铜的质量每增加2.5g析出硫酸铜晶体的质量增加:(5.5﹣1.0)g=4.5g,设增加3.2g无水硫酸铜可析出硫酸铜晶体的质量为x,则:=,解得:x=5.8g,则加入6.2g无水硫酸铜时,析出硫酸铜晶体的质量为:1.0g+5.8g=6.8g,故选B.点评:本题考查了饱和溶液特点,试题培养了学生运用图表进行分析问题和解决问题的能力.三、选择题(本题共20分,每小题4分,每小题有一个或两个正确选项.只有一个正确选项的,多选不给分;有两个正确选项的,选对一个给2分,选错一个,该小题不给分.)18.(4分)(2015•闵行区模拟)下列化学概念或规律的判断依据正确的是()A.原子晶体的判断依据:构成晶体的微粒是原子B.离子化合物的判断依据:熔融状态下能导电的化合物C.分子具有极性的判断依据:分子含极性共价键D.氧化还原反应的判断依据:反应中有电子转移或电子对偏移考点:氧化还原反应;离子化合物的结构特征与性质;原子晶体;极性分子和非极性分子.. 分析:A.原子晶体是原子间通过共价键结合形成的空间网状结构的晶体;B.离子晶体在熔融时能电离;C.分子的空间结构是否对称,正负电荷中心是否重叠;D.氧化还原反应的本质是有电子转移或电子对偏移.解答:解:A.原子晶体是原子间通过共价键结合形成的空间网状结构的晶体,含有原子的晶体不一定是原子晶体,故A错误;B.离子晶体在熔融时能电离,共价化合物在熔融时不能电离,则熔融状态下能导电的化合物是离子化合物,故B正确;C.分子具有极性的判断依据:分子的空间结构是否对称,正负电荷中心是否重叠,分子中含有非极性键的不一定是极性分子,如甲烷只含有C﹣H极性键,但是非极性分子,故C错误;D.氧化还原反应的本质是有电子转移或电子对偏移,则可以用反应中是否有电子转移或电子对偏移来判断氧化还原反应,故D正确.故选BD.点评:本题考查了晶体的判断、分子极性的判断、氧化还原反应的判断,题目难度不大,侧重于基础知识的考查.。
闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试化学试卷 2015.3考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚,并在规定的区域填涂相关信息。
答题时客观题用2B 铅笔涂写,主观题用黑色水笔填写。
2.本试卷共有53题,共10页。
满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
3.请将答案写在答题纸上,考试后只交答题纸,试卷由考生自己保留。
相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 Fe-56 Cu-64 Ca-40 Mn-55 P-31一、选择题(本题共l0分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项。
)1.生活中处处有化学。
根据你所学过的化学知识,判断下列说法错误的是 A .柑橘属于碱性食品B .为防止流感传染,可将教室门窗关闭后,用食醋熏蒸,进行消毒C .氯化钠是家庭常用的防腐剂,可用来腌制食品D .棉、麻、丝、毛及合成纤维完全燃烧都只生成CO 2和H 2O 2.下列化学用语正确的是 A .氮分子结构式 B .乙炔的键线式C .四氯化碳的模型D .氧原子的轨道表示式 3.下列物质中,由极性键构成的非极性分子是A .氯仿B .干冰C .石炭酸D .白磷 4.下列有关物质的分类或归类正确的是 A .化合物:CaCl 2、烧碱、聚苯乙烯、HD B .电解质:明矾、胆矾、冰醋酸、硫酸钡 C .同系物:CH 2O 2、C 2H 4O 2、C 3H 6O 2、C 4H 8O 2D .同位素:C 126、C 136、60146C5.关于晶体的叙述正确的是A .原子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高B .分子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高C .存在自由电子的晶体一定是金属晶体,存在阳离子的晶体一定是离子晶体D .离子晶体中可能存在共价键,分子晶体中可能存在离子键H C C H二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项。
) 6.下列使用加碘盐的方法正确的有①菜烧好出锅前加盐 ②先将盐、油放锅里加热,再加入食材烹饪 ③煨汤时,将盐和食材一起加入 ④先将盐放在热锅里炒一下,再加入食材烹饪 A .① B .②③④ C .③④ D .①③ 7.用N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。
闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试历史试卷考生注意:1、本次考试为机器阅卷,答案须填写在答题纸上,写在试卷上一律不给分。
答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将学校、某某及某某号填写清楚。
答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求涂写,主观题用黑色水笔填写。
2、本试卷共有40题,共8页。
满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
3、考试后只交答题纸,试卷由考生自己保留。
一、选择题(共75分)以下每小题2分,每题只有一个正确选项。
1.下列属于古代东方文明成果的是①种姓制度②《汉谟拉比法典》③伊斯兰教④象形文字A、①②③④B、①②④C、②③④D、②③2.从《吠陀经》有关颂歌、咒语看,早期雅利安人在征服印度河流域之初尚处于父系氏族社会。
因此,当时的种姓A、是维护专制集权统治的精神鸦片B、将全体社会成员划分为四个等级C、实质是阶级社会的等级关系系统D、主要是为了区别不同民族和血统3. 歌德曾评价《古兰经》说到:“(它)是百读不厌的,每读一次,起初总觉得它更新鲜了,不久它就引人入胜,使人惊心动魄,终于使人肃然起敬。
……这部经典,将永远具有一种最伟大的势力”。
从史学研究的角度观察,它的价值在于A、文辞优美被奉为阿拉伯文学的典XB、富有哲理是伊斯兰教义学和阿拉伯哲学思想的重要组成部分C、其法制思想和道德规X成为伊斯兰国家当权者经世治国的依据D、提供了了解早期阿拉伯社会政治、经济、军事和司法情况的直接材料4.313年,罗马皇帝君士坦丁颁布《米兰敕令》,使受迫害、受歧视的基督教获得合法地位,392年罗马帝国皇帝狄奥多西一世又宣布基督教为罗马帝国的国教,禁止其他某某活动。
罗马帝国改变对基督教政策的目的是A、基督教徒由穷人扩大到社会上层分子B、基督教教义中反罗马因素的消失C、利用基督教维护日益衰落的帝国统治D、基督教瓦解了罗马帝国道德体系5.中世纪西欧城市复兴与自治,对中世纪西欧社会发展的影响有①使欧洲出现一个全新的社会阶层市民阶级②推动了商品经济发展,加速了庄园制度瓦解③城市与王权的结盟,促进了等级代表会议制度形成④标志西欧出现了资本主义生产关系的萌芽A、①②B、①②③C、①②④D、①②③④6. 这是一幅14世纪欧洲人对遥远国度的想象图。
闵行区 2014 学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试化学试卷2015.3 考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸大将学校、姓名及准考据号填写清楚,并在规定的地区填涂有关信息。
答题时客观题用2B 铅笔涂写,主观题用黑色水笔填写。
2.本试卷共有53 题,共 10 页。
满分150 分,考试时间120 分钟。
3.请将答案写在答题纸上,考试后只交答题纸,试卷由考生自己保存。
相对原子质量:H-1C-12N-14O-16Na-23S-32Cl-35.5Fe-56 Cu-64 Ca-40 Mn-55P-31一、选择题(此题共l0 分,每题 2 分,只有一个正确选项。
)1.生活中到处有化学。
依据你所学过的化学知识,判断以下说法错误的选项是A.柑橘属于碱性食品B.为防备流感传染,可将教室门窗封闭后,用食醋熏蒸,进行消毒C.氯化钠是家庭常用的防腐剂,可用来腌制食品D .棉、麻、丝、毛及合成纤维完好焚烧都只生成CO2和 H 2O2.以下化学用语正确的选项是A .氮分子构造式B .乙炔的键线式HC C H1S 2S 2P C.四氯化碳的模型D.氧原子的轨道表示式3.以下物质中,由极性键构成的非极性分子是A .氯仿B .干冰C.石炭酸 D .白磷4.以下有关物质的分类或归类正确的选项是A .化合物: CaCl 2、烧碱、聚苯乙烯、HDB.电解质:明矾、胆矾、冰醋酸、硫酸钡C.同系物: CH 2O2、 C2H 4O2、 C3H6O2、 C4H8O2D.同位素:126C、136C、146C605.对于晶体的表达正确的选项是A.原子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高B.分子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高C.存在自由电子的晶体必定是金属晶体,存在阳离子的晶体必定是离子晶体D.离子晶体中可能存在共价键,分子晶体中可能存在离子键二、选择题(此题共36 分,每题 3 分,只有一个正确选项。
)6.以下使用加碘盐的方法正确的有①菜烧好出锅前加盐②先将盐、油放锅里加热,再加入食材烹调③煨汤时,将盐和食材一同加入④先将盐放在热锅里炒一下,再加入食材烹调A .①B .②③④C .③④D .①③7.用 N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。
高考英语模拟试卷第I卷(共107 分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a grocery. B. At a laundry. C. At a restaurant. D. At a post office.2. A. Generous. B. Considerate. C. Diligent. D. Impersonal.3. A. Travelling plan. B. Personal interest.C. Overseas study.D. Job opportunity.4. A. Having a break. B. Continuing the meeting.C. Moving on to the next item.D. Waiting a little longer.5. A. Take exercises. B. See a doctor. C. Have a test. D. Give a speech.6. A. It is a routine offer. B. It is quite healthy.C. It is new on the menu.D. It is a good bargain.7. A. She is driving fast to the airport. B. She may be late for the football game.C. She is worried about missing her flight.D. She is currently caught in a traffic jam.8. A. The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.B. Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.C. Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D. The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.9. A. He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes.B. He enjoyed watching the animal performance.C. He got home too late to see the TV special.D. He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.10. A. The man should consider his privacy first.B. The man will choose a low-rent apartment.C. The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place.D. The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The storm. B. The flood. C. The wind. D. The rain.12. A. Cold and dry. B. Cloudy and rainy.C. Warm and sunny.D. Windy and cool.13. A. On Friday morning. B. On Friday night.C. On Saturday morning.D. On Saturday night.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It’ll allow them to receive free medical treatment.B. It’ll protect them from possible financial crises.C. It’ll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.D. It’ll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.15. A. They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.B. They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.C. They have to go through very complicated application procedures.D. They can’t immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.16. A. How to obtain student health insurance before going abroad.B. How to save money when you are buying overseas insurance.C. The importance of obtaining insurance when studying abroad.D. The advantages of student insurance over international travel insurance.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Ticket Booking InformationDestination: (17) To ___________________.Departure Time: (18) At ___________________.Class Type: (19) __________________ class.Way of paying: (20) By ________________.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.What is the man’s first suggestion? Using less (21) ______________.Why doesn’t the woman agree to use china cups? Not having a (22) _____________ to wash them.Why does the woman agree to bansmoking?For good (23) ______________.What is the man’s last suggestion? Encouraging the staff to (24) _____________.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One of the most important skills in reading is the knowledge of words. Since Vocabulary Building and Word Study, another book in this series, (25) ______ (devote) to vocabulary development, we are not going to deal with this skill directly, but you should be aware of the basic fact (26) ______ the number of words you know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material you can read and understand. (27) ______ you have an extremely limited reading vocabulary, you will be able to read only very simple material. For example, children just beginning to read in first grade must use books that only have a few dozen words in them. As they progress through school their reading vocabulary keeps increasing (28) ______ they are adults. Adults typically have reading vocabularies of over 50,000 words.Failure (29) ______(develop) an extensive reading vocabulary will definitely hold you back in your efforts to improve comprehension. Most people learn new words by encountering them in reading or conversation, (30) ______ the meaning is usually clear from the context. A few words are learned by looking them up in the dictionary.If you feel that vocabulary is a problem for you, you may wish to do something systematic about it. There are many good books (31) ______ to help develop vocabulary, including the one in this series. (32) ______(begin) with any of them will help your vocabulary.(B)Conversation is an important part of life to everyone. However some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger (33) ______ ______ a fear of not having anything interesting to say. Fear of rejection is also a reason for keeping silent. Small talk in a conversation can serve as a way of warming up and getting to know each other. Most people, (34) ______ ______ ______ successful they are at work, will find the process of making small talk uncomfortable, even pointless. However, you (35) ______ (have) a pretty small world if you refuse to let others in. Starting off with (36) ______ usual comment or question will make others comfortable, and even just greeting them with a simple ―hello‖ will often beenough.Once you have made the first move, there is no turning back. You need to keep things going before you can gracefully say goodbye. Think about what you would like to share with a new friend and that is (37) ______ you can ask the other person about. Work, family, hobbies or interests are some general points of discussion. (38) ______ (keep) the ball rolling, you can show that you are really interested in what they are saying. Once you find common points of interest, things will definitely take off from there.Small talk (39) ______ turn out to be a pleasant experience. The conversation should be brief and casual without turning into a long and boring discussion. Do not let yourself control the conversation. Let (40) ______ talk too. Stop worrying about how big of a fool you may appear to be. You may even find out later on that you have the ―talent‖ of getting people to open up to you by engaging them in small talk.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. additionalB. academicC. balanceD. optionsE. highlightF. particularG. involvedH. relatedI. thoughtJ. presentationK. positionJob seekers should know the rules of labor market before they try to find a proper job. Most career organizations 41 three stages for graduates to follow the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available jobs and presenting them well to possible employers.Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their abilities. One area of assessment should be of their 42 qualifications, which include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own values and attitudes. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful 43 .The second stage is to study the opportunities which are available for employment. To do this, graduates can study job and 44 information in newspapers, or they can pay a visit to a careers office, write to friends or relatives who may already be 45 in a particular profession. After studying all the various 46 , they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.Good personal 47 is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms should be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar of spelling errors. They should also prepare properly by finding out all they can about the possible employer. When 48 information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, as well as 49 their own abilities with the employer’s needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the 50 company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities. Interviewees should try to give positiveanswers and not be afraid of asking questions about anything they are unsure about.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People read for different purposes. Sometimes people read for information while on other occasions, for understanding. Therefore, we can know that the word ―reading‖ has two 51 senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, and so on. We can get access to the content of those materials 52 . Such materials may increase our 53of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding is 54 to them before we start. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely 55 . Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader’s understanding. Such 56 between unequals – people who know and people who don’t know – must be made possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here ―learning‖ means understanding more, not 57 more information.What are the 58 in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be ―59 ‖ to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must convey something he possesses while his potential readers 60 . Second, the reader must be able to 61 this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the 62 is approached, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading: 63 . It is the least 64 and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. 65 , any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.51. A. meaningful B. broad C. separate D. informative52. A. easily B. wholly C. briefly D. highly53. A. analysis B. comprehension C. appreciation D. store54. A. equal B. contrary C. inferior D. devoted55. A. agree B. understand C. approve D. enjoy56. A. contact B. relationship C. method D. communication57. A. selecting B. ignoring C. remembering D. creating58. A. conditions B. procedures C. approaches D. purposes59. A. humble B. superior C. kind D. generous60. A. know B. acquire C. lack D. deny61. A. recognize B. follow C. neglect D. overcome62. A. principle B. equality C. information D. content63. A. knowledge B. ability C. entertainment D. culture64. A. enjoyable B. reasonable C. flexible D. demanding65. A. In fact B. On the contrary C. In addition D. On the other handSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dennis Sinar, 51, a doctor from New York, is quick to explain why he took a year-long break from his job. ―I was pretty burned out after practicing medicine for 26 years. I needed a recharge.‖ So he took a ―gap year‖, from July 2011 to June 2012, to explore things like ancient buildings, antique restoration, archaeology and traditional Eastern medicine, in locations including Alaska, Nepal and Romania.―Taking a break from work is an excellent way for adults to go into a new career or refresh an old one,‖ said Holly Bull, president of Princeton, N, J. ―In recen t years, mid-career breaks have been gaining more interest,‖ she said. A report on adult gap years published this year by a market research company also described the potential American market for gap years as a ―sleeping giant.‖―A gap year is a challenge for the older individual to step out of a comfort zone and take a risk. I enjoyed that side most.‖ said Dr. Sinar, who kept a daily blog about his experience. His time studying Eastern medicine ―assured the reasons I went into health care,‖said Dr. Sinar, who returned to practice medicine at his old job, although he works fewer days. ―I use those experiences to provide my patients with more care,‖ he added. ―And I listen better than I did before.‖George Garritan, chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management at New York University, certainly agrees with Dr. Sinar. He said a gap-year experience could be worthwhile for employees and companies. For employees, investing in themselves and improving skill sets is a move that will benefit throughout their career. He added that returning employees feel refreshed and have given more thought to their career. For companies, offering unpaid leaves makes good sense for attracting and keeping talented employees.66. Dr. Sinar took a gap year because he ________.A. had lost his old jobB. wanted to refresh after 26 years’ workC. had a desire for travellingD. became interested in historical research67. The phrase ―sleeping giant‖ (in 2nd paragraph) indicates that ________.A. it’s too early for people to accept the conception of gap yearB. the effect of gap year policy remains to be seenC. it’s difficult to foresee the gap year marketD. more American people will accept the gap year policy68. What’s George Garritan’s attitude tow ard the ―gap year‖?A. Positive.B. DoubtfulC. Uninterested.D. Uncertain.69. What’s the passage mainly about?A. How an adult plans a mid-career gap year.B. Why a gap year is worthwhile for adults.C. Whether a gap year is popular with adults.D. Why a gap year is challenging for individuals.(B)Submitting Assignment OnlineIn order to upload an assignment to the system properly, you must save the assignment using one of the following applications: Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect, or Microsoft Excel. After you complete an assignment, it is important to save your work. This ensures that assignment being uploaded to the system is the most updated version. Your word processing program may attempt to save the assignment to a folder on your computer. We recommend creating a new folder, named after your course, in a location that is easy to remember, such as ―My Documents.‖File Name RequirementsSelect a file name for the assignment that is easy to remember. The file name must NOT contain spaces. Any spaces used in the file name will prevent the file from uploading to the system. File names using the extensions .rtf, .html, .zip, .jpg, or .exe are NOT allowed. Assignment Upload ProcedureWhen the file is ready to upload, follow these steps:1. Sign in the system.2. Enter your address information and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the ―Directions‖ screen.3. Review the directions and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the ―Special Assignment Upload‖ screen.4. Click the SEARCH button. The ―Choose File‖ window pops up.5. Find the location on your computer where you saved your assignment, and select the file.After you have selected the file, click the UPLOAD button to upload your assignment to the system.Assignment Submission DatesAssignments must be submitted by midnight on the specified due date. Submit your assignment on time so that it reaches the system on or before the due date. No late assignments will be accepted or marked. Assignments delivered after the due date will not beassessed and will be failed. Please manage your time carefully as family and work demands will not be accepted as excuses for late or non-submissions. Tutors and administrators do not have the authority to grant extensions.70. Which of the following file names is acceptable for submitting assignment?A. research paper.docB. research paper.pdfC. researchpaper.docD. researchpaper.rtf71. Students are advised to save an assignment to a specific folder in order to ________.A. sign in the systemB. remember where the document isC. choose the appropriate applicationD. remember the document name quickly72. The phrase ―pops up‖ in the passage probably means ―________‖.A. appearsB. eliminatesC. scansD. browses73. If you summit your assignment after the due time, you ________.A. can have a second chanceB. should ask a tutor for helpC. may apply for an extensionD. will get a fail for the work(C)Even in a weak job market, the old college try isn’t the answer for everyone. A briefing paper from the Brookings Institution warns that ―we may have overdone the message‖ on college, senior fellow Isabel Sawhill said.―We’ve been telling students and their families for years that college is the only way to succeed in the economy and of course there’s a lot of truth to that,‖ Ms. Sawhill said. ―On average it does pay off… But if you load up on a whole lot of student debt and then you don’t graduate, that is a very bad situation.‖One comment that people often repeat among the years of slow job growth has been the value of education for landing a job and advancing in a career. April’s national unemployment rate stood at 7.5%, according to the Labor Department. The unemployment rate for high-school graduates over 25 years old who hadn’t attended college was 7.4%, compared with 3.9% for those with a bachelor’s degree or more education. The difference is even bigger among those aged 16-24. The jobless rate for those with only a high school diploma in that age group is about 20%. At the same time, recent research by Canadian economists cautions that a college degree is no guarantee of promising employment.Ms. Sawhill pointed out that among the aspects that affect the value of a college education is the field of one’s major: Students in engineering or other sciences end up earning more than ones who major in the arts or education. The cost of tuition and the availability of financial aid are other considerations, with public institutions generally a better financial bargain than private ones.She suggested two ways for improving the situation: increasing vocational-technical training programs and taking a page from Europe’s focus on early education rather than post-secondary learning. ―The European countries put a littl e more attention to getting people prepared in the primary grades,‖ she said. ―Then they have a higher bar for who ever goes to college—but once you get into college, you’re more likely to be highly subsidized (资助).‖She also is a supporter of technical training—to teach students how to be plumbers, welders and computer programmers—because ―employers are desperate‖ for workers with these skills.74. According to the passage, people usually think that ________.A. the cost of technical schooling is a problemB. one will not succeed without a college degreeC. technical skills are most important for landing a jobD. there is an increased competition in getting into a college75. The underlined part ―taking a page from‖ probably means ― ________ ‖A. revisingB. promotingC. definingD. adopting76. What can we infer from the passage?A. Public institutions charge more for education.B. European universities are stricter with students.C. Students with certain skills are in great demand.D. Canadian students prefer to major in engineering.77. Ms. Sawhill may probably agree that ________.A. too much stress has been put on the value of college degreesB. technical training is more important than college educationC. a college degree will ensure promising employmentD. it’s easier for art students to find favorite jobsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The ―eco-guilt‖brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the ―real state of the world‖ as fine. Of course , another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry- funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that ―After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.‖Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's ―preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)‖.A critical (批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.78. Skeptics are searching for more comforting worldviews to argue that the environmentisn’t threatened by _________________.79. What’s the result of Mr. Lomborg’s views?80. The author mentioned ―articles and reviews full of words of praise‖ to illustrate that Mr.Lomborg’s views ____________________.81. According to the last paragraph, only if ________________ can people make rightdecisions.第II 卷(共43 分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 请你方便的时候打电话给我。