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2009-04-28 14:26ANSYS中查看截面结果的方法一般情况下，对计算结果后处理时，显示得到的云图为结构的外表面信息。
有时候，需要查看结构内部的某些截面云图，这就需要通过各种后处理技巧来获得截面的结果云图。
另外，有时候需要获得截面的结果数据，也需要用到后处理的技巧。
下面对常用的查看截面结果的方法做一个介绍：1. 通过工作平面切片查看截面云图工作平面实现。
这是比较常用的一种方法。
首先确保已经求解了问题，并得到了求解结果。
调整工作平面到需要观察的截面，可通过移动或者旋转工作平面实现。
调整时注意保证工作平面与需要观察的截面平行。
在PlotCtrls菜单中设置观察类型为Section，切片平面为Working Plane。
也可以通过等效的/type以及/cplane命令设置。
在通用后处理器中显示云图，得到需要查看的云图。
更简单地说，我们只需在显示云图命令前加上下面两条命令就可以了：/CPLANE,1 ! 指定截面为WP/TYPE,1,5 ! 结果显示方式选项2. 通过定义截面查看截面云图这种方法也需要用到工作平面与切片，步骤如下：首先确保已经得到了求解结果。
调整工作平面到需要观察的截面。
在PlotCtrls菜单中设置观察类型为Working Plane，或者使用命令/cplane,1。
通过sucr命令定义截面，选择（cplane）。
通过sumap命令定义需要查看的物理量。
通过supl命令显示结果。
3. 通过定义路径查看云图与保存数据首先确保已经得到了求解结果。
通过path与ppath命令定义截面路径。
通过pdef命令映射路径。
通过plpath、prpath与plpagm命令显示及输出结果。
总结：第一种方法是较简单、较常用的方式。
通过这种操作方式，我们也可以更直观地理解工作平面的含义。
以前看书上介绍工作平面总是无法理解到底什么是工作平面，工作平面有什么用途。
第二中方法实质上和第一种方法是一样的，只不过截面是我们自定义的一个平面，不是通过移动、旋转工作平面来实现“切片”的。
ANSYS入门教程（38）-通用与时间历程后处理技术5.1 通用后处理 POST1 (续)四、列表显示结果除图形直观地显示结果外，还可列表显示结果，以便形成文本供设计或分析使用。
列表显示结果较图形显示结果的命令要多，可以对结果数据进行简单的处理，然后列表给出。
1. 列出节点结果命令：PRNSOL, Item, Comp其中 Item 和 Comp 分别为节点结果标识符和组项标识符。
该命令列出所选择节点的结果数据（可采用缺省排序方式，也可在自定义排序后）。
除非使用了RSYS 命令对结果进行了转换，否则结果总是位于总体直角坐标系中。
列出的结果与AVPRIN、LAYER 及SHELL 等设置有关。
FORCE 命令用于定义哪类节点荷载分量（如静态、阻尼、惯性或总荷载）。
PowerGraphics 影响列出的结果数据，如公共节点或边界不连续可能列出不一致的结果，在列出时并不平均这些结果。
且在该模式下，列表输出模型外面的结果；如果使用了 NSORT、ESORT 或 /ESHAPE 命令，则列出与全图形模式相同的结果。
如果要列出中间节点的结果（高阶单元）则应先执行命令/EFACET,2。
2. 列出单元结果命令：PRESOL, Item, Comp其中 Item 和 Comp 分别为节点结果标识符和组项标识符。
该命令列出所选择单元的结果数据（可采用缺省排序方式，也可在自定义排序后）。
除非使用了RSYS 命令对结果进行了转换，否则结果总是位于总体直角坐标系中。
在 PowerGraphics 模式下，列表输出单元表面的结果。
3. 列出 BEAM188/189 单元剖面结果命令：PRSSOL, Item, Comp其中 Item 和 Comp 如表所示。
该命令仅适用于 BEAM188 和 BEAM189 单元，且用户自定义截面无效。
截面的相关信息可使用 SLIST 命令列表显示。
以如图矩形截面为例，截面划分为多个栅格（cell）。
ansys命令流----前后处理和求解常用命令之求解与后处理The ANSYS command stream - before and after the treatment and solving common commands of solving and postprocessing of.Txt is a mountain fox, you told me what all, standing in the place nearest to you, look you smile to others, even if the heart is all the pain just to keep your eye out. The glare of the bottom of every act and every move white, let me understand what is pure damage. 3 /soluU /solu enters the solver3.1 plus boundary conditionsU, D, node, lab, value, Value2, nend, Ninc, lab2, lab3,...... LaB6 defines node displacement constraintsNode: the node number of the pre displacement constraint. If it is all, all selected nodes are fully bound, and nend and ninc. are ignored at this timeLab:, UX, uy, UZ, ROTx, ROTY, Rotz, allThe value of Value, value2: degrees of freedom (default 0)Nend, ninc: node range is: node-nend, the number interval is NincLab2-lab6: applies lab2-lab6 to the selected node with the same value.Note: discussed in the node coordinate system3.2 set the solution optionU, antype, status, ldstep, substep, actionStatic analysis of antype:, static and or 1Buckling analysis of buckle or 2Modal or 3 modal analysisTransient analysis of trans or 4Status: new reanalysis (default), which will be ignored later Rest reanalysis is valid only for static, full, and transionLdstep: specifies which load step to proceed from the analysis and defaults to the maximum runn number (the last step of the analysis point)Substep: specifies which sub step to proceed from the analysis. The default is the highest number of sub steps in the runn file in this directoryAction, continue: continues to analyze the specified ldstep, substepExplanation: there are two types of continuous analysis (interrupted for some reason)Singleframe restart: continues from the stop pointRequired file: jobname.db must be saved immediately after initial solutionJobname.emat cell matrixJobname.esav or.Osav: if.Esav is broken, change.Osav to.EsavResults file: is not necessary, but if so, the results of subsequent analysis will be well attached to itNote: if the initial analysis generates a.Rdb,.Ldhi, or rnnn file. Deletion must be followed by subsequent analysisStep: (1) enter ANASYS with the same job name(2) enter the solver and restore the database(3) antype, rest(4) additional load is specified(5) specify whether to use the existing matrix (jobname.trl) (default rebuild)Kuse: 1 uses an existing matrix(6) solvingMultiframe restart: continues from any result with no result(no need)U, PRED, sskey -- -- lskey... Whether to open the predictor in nonlinear analysisSskey: off does not make predictions (when the degree of freedom is rotated or when SOLID65 is used, default is off)The first step was to predict on (unless there is a rotational degree of freedom or when using the SOLID65 default is on)- - unused variable zoneLskey: off does not predict when crossing load steps (default)On predicts when crossing load steps (at this time sskey must be simultaneous on)Note: the default value for this command assumes that solcontrol is onDoes u autots and key use automatic time steps?Key:on: when solcontrol is on, the default is onOff: when solcontrol is off, the default is off1: records in the.Log file "1" by the program selection (when solcontrol is on and does not occur the autots command"Note: the step size predictor and the two step size are alsoused when using the automatic time stepU, NROPT, option -- -- adptky specifies the options for Newton Ralph Xun Fa's solutionOPTION: AUTO: program selectionFULL: completely Newton Ralph Xun FaMODI: revised by Newton Ralph Xun FaINIT: using the initial stiffness matrixUNSYM: complete Newton Ralph Xun Fa, and allows asymmetric stiffness matricesADPTKY:ON: uses adaptive drop factorOFF: no adaptive drop factor is usedU, NLGEOM, KEYKEY: OFF: does not include geometric nonlinearity (default)ON: including geometric nonlinearityU, ncnv, kstop, dlim, itlim, etlim, cplim, terminate the analysis optionsKstop: 0, if the solution is not convergent, does not terminate the analysis1 if the solution does not converge, terminate the analysis and the program (default)2 if the solution does not converge, terminate the analysis, but do not terminate the programDlim: maximum displacement limit, defaults to 1.0e6Itlim: cumulative iteration limit, default to infinityEtlim: program execution time (seconds) limit, the default is infiniteCplim:cpu time (seconds) limit, default to infinityThe U, solcontrol, key1, key2, Key3, and VTOL specify whether or not to use some nonlinear solutions for default valuesKey1: on activates some optimized default values (default)CNVTOL, Toler=0.5%Minref=0.01 (for force and moment)NEQIT the maximum number of iterations is set between 15~26 depending on the modelARCLEN uses the more advanced method of ansys5.3 than using the arc length rulePRED unless ROTx, y, Z, or SOLID65 are openedLNSRCH automatically opens when exposedCUTCONTROL, Plslimit=15%, npoint=13SSTIF opens when NLGEOM, onNROPT, adaptkey closes (unless the frictional contact exists; the unit 12,26,48,49,52 exists; when the plastic is present and there is a unit 20,23,24,60)AUTOS is chosen by the programOff does not use these default valuesKey2: on checks the contact state (key1 at on)At this point, the time step is based on the contact state of the unit (assuming keyopt (7))When keyopt (2) =on, the time step is guaranteed to be small enoughKey3: stress loading stiffness control, use default values as much as possibleNull: by default, certain units include stress loading, stiffening, and certain ones (excluding)Nopl: does not include stress stiffening for any elementIncp: for some elements including stress load stiffening(check)Vtol:U, outres, item, freq, and CNAME specify the solution information for writing to the databaseItem: all all the solutionsBasic only writes nsol, rsol, nload, STRsNsol node freedomRsol node acting loadNload nodal loads and input strain loads (?)STRs node stressIf n is freq:, it is written once every n step (including the last step)None: does not write entries in this load stepAll: writes every stepLast: writes only the last step (default when static or transient)3.3 define the load stepThe U, nsubst, nsbstp, nsbmx, nsbmn, and carry specify the number of sub steps for this load stepNsbstp: the number of sub steps of this load stepIf automatic time step using autots, the number of the first definition step length; if solcontrol is open, and 3D surface to surface contact element is used, the default is 1-20; if solcontrol is open, there is no 3D contact element, the default is 1 steps; if the solcontrol is closed, the default value is specified as before; not previously specified, the default is 1)Nsbmx, nsbmn: at most, the minimum number of steps (if the automatic time step is turned on)?U time, time specifies the end time of the load stepNote: the end of the first step shall not be "0""U F, node, lab, Ninc, value, Value2, nend, plus concentrated load at the specified nodeNode: node numberLab:, Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, MzValue: force sizeThe second magnitude of the force of value2: (if there is a complex load)Nend, Ninc: apply the same force on the node from node to nend (increment Ninc)Note: (1) the nodal force is defined in the nodal coordinate system, and the positive and negative forces are in direct agreement with the nodal coordinate axisU, SFA, area, lkey, lab, value, and Value2 add loads on the specified surfaceArea: n surface numberAll all selected numbersLkey: if it is the surface of the body, ignore this itemLab: presValue: pressure valueU, SFBEAM, ELEM, LKEY, LAB, VALI, VALJ, VAL2I, VAL2J, IOFFST, JOFFSTApply line load to the beam elementThe ELEM: cell number can be ALL, that is, the selected cellLKEY: surface mounted type number, see unit introduction. For BEAM188, 1 is vertical; 2 is transverse; 3 is tangentialPressure values at VALI, VALJ:, I, and J nodesVAL2I, VAL2J: is useless for the momentIOFFST, JOFFST:, line distance, I, J node distanceU, lswrite, lsnum write the load and load options into the load fileLsnum: the suffix of the load step file name, that is, the number of loading stepsWhen the stat column shows the current step numberInit reset to "1""The default is to add 1 to the current step"3.3.1 attention1. add as much load as possible without focusing so as to avoid singularitiesThe tangential load on the 2. plane must depend on the surface element3.4 load stepsU, lssolve, lsmin, lsmax, lsinc read and solve multiple loading stepsLsmin, lsmax, lsinc: load step file range4 /post1 (general postprocessing)U, set, lstep, sbstep, fact, king, time, angle, and nset set the data read from the result fileLstep: load stepsSbstep: child steps and defaults to the last stepTime: point of time (if the arc length rule does not)Nset:data set numberU, dscale, WN, dmult display deformation ratioWn: window number (or all), defaults to 1Dmult, 0 or Auto: automatically make the maximum deformation picture 5% of the length of the componentU, pldisp, and Kund display the structure of deformationKund:0 only shows the structure after deformation1 shows the structure before deformation and after deformation2 shows the deformation structure and the edge of the undeformed structureU, *get, par, node, N, u, X (y, z) obtain the X (y, z) shift of node n to parameter parEquivalent to the function UX (n), uy (n), UZ (z)Node (x, y, z): get the (x, y, z) node numberArnode (x, y, z): get the surface connected to the node nNote: this command can also be used with the /solu moduleU, fsum, lab, item, summation of nodal forces and moments of a unitLab: empty sum in the whole DeCarr coordinate systemRsys sums up in the current active rsys coordinate systemItem: empty sum for all selected units (not including contact elements)Cont: only sum the contact nodesU, PRSSOL, ITEM, COMP, print BEAM188, BEAM189 cross section resultsDescription: only when the calculation has not yet exited the ANSYS can be used and re entered the ANSYS is not availableItem comp cross section data and component markStress components of S, COMP, X, XZ and YZPRIN, S1, S2, S3, principal stress, SINT stress intensity, and SEQV equivalent stressEPTO COMP total strainPRIN total principal strain, strain strength and equivalent strainEPPL COMP plastic strain componentPRIN principal plastic strain, plastic strain strength, and equivalent plastic strainU, plnsol, item, comp, Kund, fact draw nodes, resulting in a continuous contour lineItem: project (see table below)Comp: componentKund: 0 does not display an undeformed structure1 deformation and deformation overlap2 deformation contours and undeformed edgesFact:'s coefficient of proportionality for exposure to 2D displays defaults to 1Item comp discriptionU, x, y, Z, sum shiftRot, x, y, Z, sum cornersS, x, y, Z, XY, YZ, XZ stress components1, 2, 3 principal stressesInt, EQV stress, intensity, equivalent stressEPEO, x, y, Z, XY, YZ, XZ total displacement components 1,2,3 principal strainInt, EQV strain, intensity, equivalent strainEPEL, x, y, Z, XY, YZ, and XZ elastic strain components 1, 2, 3 elastic principal strainInt, EQV, elastic intensity, elastic equivalent strain EPPL, x, y, Z, XY, YZ, XZ plastic strain componentsU PRNSOL, item, comp print select the node results Item: project (see above)Comp: componentU, PRETAB, LAB1, LAB2,...... Plotting unit table data along the length of units along LAB9LABn: null: column names specified by all ETABLE commandsColumn name: the column name specified by any ETABLE commandU, PLLS, LABI, LABJ, FACT, KUND, drawing unit table data along the unit length directionUnit table name of LABI: node IUnit table name of LABJ: node JFACT: display scale, default to 1Kund: 0 does not display an undeformed structure1 deformation and deformation overlap2 deformation contours and undeformed edges5 /post26 (time course postprocessing)U, nsol, NVAR, node, item, comp, nameIn the time course, the ordinal number of the node variable is defined in the processorNVAR: variable number (from 2 to NV (defined by numvar))Node: node numberItem compU, x, y, ZRot, x, y, ZU, ESOL, NVAR, ELEM, NODE, ITEM, COMP, and NAME store the results into variablesNVAR: variable number, more than 2ELEM: unit numberNODE: the node number of the unit determines which amount to store the unit and, if empty, gives the average valueITEM:COMP:NAME: 8 character variable name, defaults to ITEM plus COMPU, rforce, NVAR, node, item, comp, and name specify the node force data to be storedNvar: variable numberNode: node numberItem compF, x, y.zM, x, y, ZName: gives this variable a name, 8 charactersU, add, IR, IA, IB, IC, name, - - - -, facta, factb, factc Add the IA, IB, and IC variables to the IR variableIR, IA, IB, IC: variable numberThe name of the name: variableU, /grid, keyKey: "0" or "off" without network"1" or "on" XY network"2" or "X" is only X-ray"3" or "Y" has only y linesU, xvar, nN: "0" or "1" takes the X axis as the time axis"N" represents the X axis variable "n"""-1"?U, /axlab, axis, lab define the axis of the markAxis: "X" or "Y""The lab: flag can be up to 30 characters longU, plvar, NVAR, nvar2,...... Nvar10 draws the variable to be displayed (as a ordinate)U, prvar, nvar1,...... Nvar6 lists the variables to display6 PLOTCONTROL menu commandU, PBC, ilem,...... The key, min, Max, and ABS display symbols and values on the displayThe displacement constraint added by item: uRot corner constraintKey: 0 does not display symbols1 display symbols2 display symbols and valuesThe U, /SHOW, FNAME, EXT, VECT, and NCPL determine the graphicaldisplay of the device and other parametersFNAME: X11: screenFile name: each graphic will generate a series of graphic filesEach of the JPEG: graphics generates a series of JPEG graphics filesDescription: there is no need to use this command, graphics files need to be calculated and then output7 parametric design languageU, *do, par, ival, Fval, and inc define the beginning of a do loopPar: loop control variablesIval, Fval, Inc: start value, final value, step size (positive, negative)U *enddo defines the end of a do loopU, *if, val1, oper, val2, base: conditional statementsVal1 (val2:), the value to be compared (also characters, enclosed in quotes)Oper: logical operation (when the real number is compared, the error is 1e-10)EQ, NE, lt, GT, Le, Ge, ablt, abgtBase: behavior when the oper result is a logical truthLable: user defined line labelsStop: will jump out of ANASYSExit: jumps out of the current do loopCycle: jumps to the end of the current do loopThen: makes up the If-Then-Else structureNote: not allowed to jump out of, jump into a do, if loop to label sentence8 theoretical manualSolution of 1. equations: (1) direct solution; (2) iterative solution(1) direct solution: A. sparse matrix method and B. wave front methodA. sparse matrix method: accounting for large memory, but the number of operations less; by changing the order of stiffness matrix, so that non-zero elements minimumB. wavefront method: small memoryWavefront is the number of equations activated when no cell has been solved(2) iterative solution: JCG method, PCG method, ICCG methodJCG method: solvable real numbers, symmetric and unsymmetric matricesPCG method: efficient solution of various matrices (including morbid state), but only the real and symmetric matrixICCG: similar to JCG, but stronger2. strain density, equivalent strain, stress density, equivalent stress(1) strain density (strain, intensity);Strain densityAre the three principal strains(2) equivalent strainEffective Poisson's ratio: the user is set by the avprin command;0 (if not set)(3) stress density (stress, intensity);Stress density(4) equivalent stressEquivalent stress or if there is (elastic state)。
让ansys中途停止计算计算中途停止计算：假如觉得计算时间太长或感觉某些方面设置不对要求重新计算或停止计算，提前查看已经计算的结果（直接关闭ANSYS方法显然不可取），可以在计算的时候按ctrl+c,这样计算就停止了，然后在output 窗口中输入quit 就可以退出计算。
绘制等值线期刊上大都不用彩色，所以打出的云图一片模糊，无法识别，这时候可以选择出等值线图，但是等值线图也是彩色的，如何把它转成黑白的呢？开始是抓图后用Photoshop处理，太麻烦，ansys自己行不行呢？方法如下：1 用命令jpgprf,500,100,1将背景变为白色；2 plotctrls>device option中，把vector mode改为on,画出等值线图；3 plotctrls>style>contour>contour labeling, 将key vector mode contour labels设为on every Nth ele,对N输入一个数值，值越大，图中的label越少；4 plotctrls>style>colors>contour colors,将所有的系列都改为黑色;5 如果不喜欢ansys给出的MX,MN标志，可以用plotctrls>window controls>window options把它们去掉，将MINM 后的Mix-Min Symbols改为off就可以了。
这时候，一幅清晰的黑白等值线图就出来了。
ansys如何美化你的输出嗯,先拿个例子,如当你list nodal solution时,可能会生成如下的结果NODE UX1 0.00002 -0.68950E-023 0.52000E-054 -0.69579E-055 -0.40977E-046 -0.10699E-037 -0.22181E-038 -0.40028E-039 -0.65161E-0310 -0.98022E-0311 -0.13885E-0212 -0.18956E-0213 -0.25216E-0214 -0.32836E-0215 -0.42876E-0216 -0.55937E-0217 -0.66142E-0218 -0.68794E-0219 -0.68956E-0220 -0.68939E-0221 -0.68943E-02***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 51TIME= 0.69445E-02 LOAD CASE= 0THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATESNODE UX22 -0.68936E-0223 -0.68936E-02...是不是感觉21结点之后的信息很烦啊,特别在结点很多的时候,而有时又要把这些结果导入第三方软件,如origin,怎么去除这些消息呢?输入以下这条命令再LIST试试/page,99999,132,99999,240嗯,感觉很不错吧.好好查查/page的意思吧。
2009—04—28 14：26ANSYS中查看截面结果的方法一般情况下，对计算结果后处理时，显示得到的云图为结构的外表面信息。
有时候，需要查看结构内部的某些截面云图，这就需要通过各种后处理技巧来获得截面的结果云图。
另外，有时候需要获得截面的结果数据，也需要用到后处理的技巧.下面对常用的查看截面结果的方法做一个介绍：1。
通过工作平面切片查看截面云图工作平面实现。
这是比较常用的一种方法.首先确保已经求解了问题，并得到了求解结果。
调整工作平面到需要观察的截面，可通过移动或者旋转工作平面实现。
调整时注意保证工作平面与需要观察的截面平行.在PlotCtrls菜单中设置观察类型为Section,切片平面为Working Plane。
也可以通过等效的/type以及/cplane命令设置。
在通用后处理器中显示云图，得到需要查看的云图。
更简单地说，我们只需在显示云图命令前加上下面两条命令就可以了:/CPLANE,1 ！指定截面为WP/TYPE，1，5 ! 结果显示方式选项2. 通过定义截面查看截面云图这种方法也需要用到工作平面与切片，步骤如下：首先确保已经得到了求解结果.调整工作平面到需要观察的截面。
在PlotCtrls菜单中设置观察类型为Working Plane,或者使用命令/cplane，1。
通过sucr命令定义截面，选择（cplane）。
通过sumap命令定义需要查看的物理量。
通过supl命令显示结果.3。
通过定义路径查看云图与保存数据首先确保已经得到了求解结果.通过path与ppath命令定义截面路径。
通过pdef命令映射路径.通过plpath、prpath与plpagm命令显示及输出结果。
总结：第一种方法是较简单、较常用的方式。
通过这种操作方式，我们也可以更直观地理解工作平面的含义。
以前看书上介绍工作平面总是无法理解到底什么是工作平面，工作平面有什么用途.第二中方法实质上和第一种方法是一样的，只不过截面是我们自定义的一个平面,不是通过移动、旋转工作平面来实现“切片”的。
[转载]一些ansys 前后处理技巧已有 2141 次阅读 2012-3-23 17:42 |系统分类:科研笔记[1]|关键词:计算菜单工作面技巧如何1.ANSYS后处理时如何按灰度输出云图？1）你可以到utilitymenu-plotctrls-style-colors-window colors试试2）直接utilitymenu-plotctrls－redirect plots2 将云图输出为JPG菜单->PlotCtrls->Redirect Plots->To JPEG Files3.怎么在计算结果实体云图中切面?命令流/cplane/type图形界面操作<1.设置工作面为切面<2.PlotCtrls-->Style-->Hidden line Options将[/TYPE]选项选为section将[/CPLANE]选项选为working plane4.非线性计算过程中收敛曲线实时显示solution>load step opts>output ctrls>grph solu track>on5.运用命令流进行计算时,一个良好的习惯是:使用SELECT COMMEND后.........其后再加上ALLSEL.........6.应力图中左侧的文字中，SMX与SMN分别代表最大值和最小值如你plnsolv,s,eqv则 SMX与SMN分别代表最大值等效应力和最小值等效应力如你要看的是plnsolv,u则SMX与SMN分别代表位移最大值和位移最小值不要被S迷惑mx(max)mn(min)7.在非线性分析中，如何根据ansys的跟踪显示来判断收敛？在ansys output windows 有 force convergenge valu 值和 criterion 值当前者小于后者时，就完成一次收敛你自己可以查看两条线的意思分别是:F L2：不平衡力的2范数F CRIT：不平衡力的收敛容差，如果前者大于后者说明没有收敛，要继续计算当然如果你以弯矩M为收敛准则那么就对应 M L2 和 M CRIT希望你现在能明白8.两个单元建成公共节点，就成了刚性连接，不是接触问题了。
做为接触问题，两个互相接触的单元的节点必须是不同的。
9.接触单元主要分为有厚度和无厚度的，有厚度主要以desai 为代表，无厚度的则以goodman 为代表。
尽管古得曼也提出了相应的本构关系，但是如今goodman 单元成了无厚度接触单元的代名词，相应的本构关系现在也作了较大的改进。
Ansys中接触单元并不是goodman 单元，类似于goodman单元 ansys里面的接触单元是是通用的，而goodman是一种专业的单元。
goodman单元假定两片长为L的接触面以无数微小的切向和法向弹簧所连接，接触面单元与相邻接触面两边的单元只在结点处有力的联系。
单元厚度为零，受力前两接触面完全吻合.10.怎样检查接触单元的normal direction?是不是打开plotctrls/symbols/esys on?是要/PSYM，ESYS，ON的，然后你再SELECT CONTACT ELEMENT AND TARGE ELEMENT，REPLOT，看看他们的NORMAL DIRECTION是否正确的。
11.生成接触单元的几种方法在通用摸快中，有两种发法1）通过定易接触单元定易组元component然后通过gcgen生成2）用接触向导contact wizard自动生成，不需定易接触单元在动力学摸块中3)如果用接触向导定义了接触(包括接触面和目标面)，那么接触单元就已经生成了，可以直接进行分析。
接触单元的定义要考虑到所有可能发生接触的区域。
现在不接触，变形后可能会接触。
定义接触一般有两种方法，第一种方法是用命令手动定义；第二种方法是利用接触向导定义。
接触单元依附于实体单元的表面，由实体单元表面的节点组构成。
所以只需要在实体单元生成后，将其表面可能接触的节点用cm,...,node 命令定义成节点组，在定义接触单元时用上就可以了。
或者在实体单元生成后，定义接触时选择其表面进行接触定义也可以。
对于刚体，不需要进行网格划分，只需要在定义接触时选择几何面、线就可以进行接触定义了。
12.用POST1进行结果后处理(1). 进入POST1命令：/POST1GUI:Main Menu>General Postproc(2). 读取结果依据载荷步和子步号或者时间读取出需要的载荷步和子步结果。
命令：SETGUI:Main Menu>General Postproc>Read Results-Load step(3). 绘变形图命令：PLDISP,KUNDKUND=0 显示变形后的的结构形状KUND=1 同时显示变形前及变形后的的结构形状KUND=1 同时显示变形前及变形后的的结构形状，但仅显示结构外观GUI:Main Menu>General Postprocessor>Plot Results>Deformed Shape (4). 变形动画以动画的方式模拟结构静力作用下的变形过程GUI:Utility Menu>Plotctrls>Animate>Deformed Shape(5). 列表支反力在任一方向，支反力总和必等于在此方向的载荷总和GUI:Main Menu>General Postprocessor>List Results>Rection Solution…(6). 应力等值线与应力等值线动画应力等值线方法可清晰描述一种结果在整个模型中的变化，可以快速确定模型中的危险区域。
GUI:Main Menu>General Postprocessor>Plot Results>-Contour Plot-Nodal Solution…应力等值线动画GUI:Utility Menu>Plotctrls>Animate>Deformed Shape13.面载荷转化为等效节点力施加的方法在进行分析时，有时候需要将已知的面载荷按照节点力来施加，比如载荷方向及大小不变的情况（ANSYS将面力解释为追随力，而将节点力解释为恒定力），那么，在只知道面力的情况下，如何施加等效于该面力的等效节点力呢？可以通过如下步骤给有限元模型施加与已知面载荷完全等效的节点力：(1)在模型上施加与已知面力位置、大小相同但方向相反的面力。
Main Menu->Solution->Apply->Pressure->。
（注意：所施加面力要与已知力反号）。
(2) 将模型的所有节点自由度全部约束。
Main Menu->Solution->Apply->Displacement->On Nodes(3)求解模型。
Main Menu->Solution->Current LS（这一步会生成结果文件Jobname.rst）(4)开始新的分析：Main Menu->Solution->New Analysis(5)删除前两步施加的面力和约束。
Main Menu->Solution->Delete->Pressure->Main Menu->Solution->Delete-> Displacement->On Nodes(6)从Jobname.rst中保存的支反力结果施加与已知面力完全等效的节点力。
Main Menu->Solution->Apply->Force/Moment->From Reaction(7)施加其它必要的载荷和约束，然后求解。
14.在ANSYS中作后处理，观察云图时候如何设置显示截面的切片云图在后处理时候，可以通过菜单PlotCtrl>Style>Hidden line Option 中设置;修改type of plot 选项为section, cut plane选择work plane 或者normal to view就可以看到切片显示。
然后操作，CSYS !激活总体笛卡尔坐标系WPCSYS !工作平面与当前坐标系重合WPOFFS,-D1 !工作平面X向偏移-D1距离WPROTA,-45 !工作平面绕z轴转-45度15.想请问ansysfem，你指的ansys内部接触向导是指什么？帮助文件吗？ANSYS软件本身带有个接触向导，用它进行接触分析很方便。
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Contact Pair > Contact Wizard button >Choose Areas.Choose Flexible.Choose Pick Target.Pick surface of pin hole on block as the target.Choose Next.Choose Areas.Choose Pick Contact.Pick surface area of pin as the contact.16.如何得到径向和周向的计算结果?在圆周对称结构中，如圆环结构承受圆周均布压力。
要得到周向及径向位移，可在后处理/POST1中，通过菜单General Postproc>Options for Outp>Rsys>Global cylindric 或命令Rsys,1 将结果坐标系转为极坐标，则X方向位移即为径向位移，Y 向位移即为周向位移。
17. ansys如何对*rst文件进行分析后处理？一般的读结果的步骤就是：(1)General Postproc-->Data & File Opts,将RST文件读进去；(2)使用read result，可以先看last step，如果里面有很多步，按first step,next step看结果18.怎样在后处理中显示塑性区？(1)general postproc\plot result\nodal solution\plastic strain\equivalent plastic strain(2)命令流：/post1plnsol,eppl,eqv,2(3)在画云图时，采用 user 选项，并填写下面的三个空格，即要显示的最小、最大结果和间隔。
塑性部分的应力应该大于等于屈服应力，最小应力可以用屈服应力，最大应力可以略大于屈服应力，再根据想要显示的分段数确定显示间隔。
