高一英语讲义-非谓语动词讲义

高一英语非谓语动词精讲动名词1．主语 Swimming is dangerous for us.（泛指）区别：To swim in this river is dangerous for us.（具体指）It is no use / not any use /not any good /a waster of time /useless doing。

2．表语 Her job is teaching.3．定语 a working table ；a hiding place4．宾语只能接-ing形式的动词：advise，avoid，allow，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，finish，forbid，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，permit，risk，suggest区别：（1）forget /remember；go on；mean；regret；stop； try ；can’t help + doing /to do （2）need /want /require +doing / to be done（3）注意与to搭配的词组：devote to /look forward to /stick to /be used to /get down to /pay attention to（4）have a good /hard /wonderful time （in）doing/have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.（5）There is no good /use /need doing不区别：start， begin ，continue ，intend等后）+doing /to do但以下三种情况只用跟to do (1)Ice began to melt.(2)It is beginning to rain.(3)I began to understand (realize/believe/know) him.5.动名词的复合结构: 动名词可以有逻辑主语，通常是形容词物主代词（my，his，there）或名词所有格（Mary’s，Li Ming’s）。

非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，顾名思义也就是不能单独用作谓语的动词（但与助动词结合可构成“进行时态、系表结构、完成时态、被动语态等谓语形式”），非谓语动词在英语句子结构中用法非常广泛、灵活，可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。

现在笔者向同学们作分类介绍：动词不定式一、不定式作主语1.一般置于句首：To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times.2.常见用it代替它作形式主语，而把不定式或不定式结构移到句尾：It's our duty to serve the people．3.在含有不定式作主语的疑问句或感叹句中，一般只用it作形式主语。

常见：Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there？不可以说：*Is to plant some flowers there a good idea？二、不定式作表语连系动词be，seem，appear，get，remain等常用不定式作表语，如果主语部分有实义动词do时，表语常可用不带to的不定式。

例如：My idea is to have a trip on Sunday．The only thing I can do now is wait at home.三、不定式作动词宾语1.动词＋不定式：The girl asked to see the headmaster．常见的跟带to的不定式结构作宾语的动词有：agree，aim，arrange，ask，choose，decide，demand，pretend，expect，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，want，hate等。

但help后的不定式常可省掉的，如：They helped（to）do the cleaning this morning.2.动词十疑问词（why除外）＋不定式：We must find out what to do next.常见能跟“疑问词十不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：decide，find out，forget，know，learn，remember，see，think，understand，wonder等。

高一英语语法知识—非谓语动词人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法知识——非谓语动词二. 教学目标初步掌握非谓语的根本结构与用法三. 教学重难点掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分〔一〕非谓语的分类以与各自在句子中所能充当的成分。

非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。

〔动名词和现在分词形式一样〕以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：，to have been done〕〔1〕不定式在句子中做主语。

如：To be spoken highly of is his aim.To go there in time is his most important task now.It is his most important task to go there in time.It is a great joy to play football.When to start is the question.〔2〕不定式在句子中做宾语。

〔以“to do〞做宾语的动词主要有：ask，want，wish，hope，expect，help，refuse，learn，demand，dare，choose，arrange，decide，agree，promise，plan，offer，manage，pretend，prepare，fail，determine，long，seem等〕如：They pretended to have finished their work.He had planned to finish it in time.They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend.We find it good to have a walk every day.They don’t now where to go.〔3〕不定式在句子中做表语。

如：His dream is to be taught by that famous professor.The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.His aim is to get the first place in the game.The question is which one to choose.〔4〕不定式在句子中做状语。

非谓语动词非谓语动词包含不定式 (to do) 、动名词 (－ing) 、此刻分词 (－ing) 与过去分词 (－ ed)。

它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不可以充任谓语，但能够充任句子的其余成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。

形式动词不定式动名词 (doing)此刻分词 (doing)过去分词 (done)对照项目(to do)相当于名词、形相当于名词，指常常性、相当于形容词、副词，相当于形容词、副词，自己意义容词、副词，往习惯性的动作常常有此刻意味兼有被动、达成意义往有未来意味主语、宾语、表主语、宾语、表语、定表语、宾补、定语、状充任句子成分语、宾补、定语、表语、宾补、定语、状语语语状语主动一般式to do doing doing done被动式to be done being done being done形式to have done having done having done主动达成式被动达成式to have been done having been done having been done否认式在上述各样非谓语动词形式以前直接加not动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不可以独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特色，能够有自己的宾语和状语。

主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done达成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing无达成进行式to have been doing无一、不定式的意义1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或以后。

当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的蒙受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2.不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。

非谓语动词不定式、在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为三种形式：动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）.不定式不定式的作用一、1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。

往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。

试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。

如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide,begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等（2）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。

如：t know what to do next/ how to do it next. 'I dont decide when to go there.'I can it 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用作形式宾语。

高一英语非谓语动词—动词不定式与动名词【本讲主要内容】非谓语动词——动词不定式与动名词【知识总结归纳】非谓语动词包括动词不定式,动名词和分词.〔1〕非谓语动词不可以单独作谓语,在形式上不受人称和数的限制.〔2〕非谓语动词如果是与物动词, 应该带宾语.〔3〕非谓语动词可以有状语来修饰.〔4〕非谓语动词仍有时态和语态的变化.I.动词不定式: to + 动词原形动词不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。

1. 作主语:To talk with him is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语时, 往往放在谓语动词的后面,用作形式主语.It is a great pleasure to talk with him.有很多形容词都可以放在这个句型中:difficult, easy, hard, impossible, dangerous, safe, expensive, cheap impossibleDo you think it is safe to drink this water?Your writing is awful. It is impossible to read it.I like being with Jill. It’s very interesting to talk to her.It is not difficult to learn a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it.在形容词kind, clever, silly, stupid, careless, unfair , considerate 等前应该用介词of.It’s silly of Mary to give up her job when she needs the money.I think it was very helpful of them to tell me the truth.2. 作表语:Her wish is to become a teacher when she grows up.Our plan is to finish the plan in two weeks.3. 作宾语:Do you like to watch football matches?We decided to make changes in our plan.常见的后面跟不定式作宾语的动词有:offer, decide, agree, plan, hope, learn, forget, fail, attempt, promise, arrange, afford, manage等.How old were you when you learn to drive？We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.I promised not to be late.有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式ready, eager, anxious, able, sure, glad, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willingThe boys and girls are eager to learn to swim.I’m sorry to trouble you.He is willing to help the people in need.有些动词后可以用疑问词+ 不定式的结构ask, decide, know, remember, forget , explain ,learn, wonderWe asked how to get to the airport?Have you decided where to go for your holidays?Do you understand what to do?4. 作宾补:可以带宾补的动词有:ask, order, persuade, advise, like, want, tell, know, helpwarn, invite, persuade, get, expect, would like, would loveThe doctor advised him to have a good rest.I didn’t move the piano by myself. I got somebody to help me.I was warned not to touch the switch.My father allowed me to use his car.在某些与物动词的复合宾语中, 动词不定式要省掉to, 常见的省to的动词有：make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel , help等I heard him speak in the next room.Liz suddenly felt something touch her on the shoulder.I saw him fall off the wall.Did anybody see the accident happen?The ending of the story made me feel sad.5. 作定语:动词不定式作定语时须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.He is always the first one to get up.I have a few words to say on this question.Attention, please! I have something important to say.6. 作状语:不定式作状语通常表示目的或结果---- Why did you go out?---- To post a letter.A friend of mine phoned to invite me to a party.A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.I went to see him only to find him out.II. 动名词由动词原形+ 词尾ing 构成.动名词有名词的特征, 在句中可以作主语, 宾语,表语等.1. 作主语:Getting up early is a good habit.Seeing is believing.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.It’s no use trying to persuade me.There’s nothing you can do about the situation, so it’s no good worrying ab out it.2. 作表语:Her job is looking after the babies.His hobby is collecting stamps.3. 作宾语:常跟动名词作宾语的动词:stop, delay, consider, admit, miss, finish, postpone, imagine, avoid, risk practiseSuddenly everybody stopped talking. There was silentce.I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished cleaning the flat.He tried to avoid answering my question.Have you ever considered going to live in another country.一些短语后面也用动名词做宾语：give up, put off, carry on, go on, keep onHe has given up smokingWe must do something. We can’t go on living like that.Don’t keep interrupting me while I’m speaking.介词后接动名词作宾语：before, after, be interested in, be good at, how about, instead of, in spite of, without, be used to, look forward to, have difficulty in, succe ed in, insist on, think of, feel like, stop… from, Are you interested in working for us?I’m not very good at learning languages.Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.What did you do after leaving school?I ran ten kilometers without stopping.Do you feel like going out tonight?The police stopped everyone from leaving the building.【高考点拨】【题型展示】〔〕 1. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating此题应选C, warn sb. not to do sth. 意思是警告某人不要做某事.〔〕 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , __________ it more difficult .A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make此题应选B, 动词不定式在这里是作表语的.〔〕 3. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying此题应选A, sb. be said to be, 意思是据说, 在这里用不定式的完成时, 指的是发生在过去的事.〔〕 4. I’ve worked with children before , so I know what ______ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects此题应选B, know 后面接动词不定式,不定式前面可以带一个疑问词.〔〕 5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out此题应选C, plan 为定语从句的先行词, 后面为它的定语从句. 在从句中, 短语see sth. done 意思是“看见…被….〞〔〕 6. I usually go there by train.--- Why ______ going there by boat for a change?A.don’t tryB. not tryC. not to tryD. not trying此题应选B, why not do sth. 为一个词组, 表示一种建议语气.〔〕7. We don’t know who stole the book. What’s you r opinion?--- Jack is considered _______ it.A. having doneB. doingC. to have doneD. to do此题应选B, consider 后面应该用动名词作宾语.〔〕8. The place is really beautiful . We all think it worth ______ .A. being visitedB. to be visitedC. a visitD. to visit此题应选C, worth 后面可以跟动名词作它的宾语，A、B、D答案都不是，因此我们选择名词作宾语.〔〕9. He advised _____ at the school gate the next day.A. our meetingB. to meetC. us meetingD. met此题应选A, advise 后接动名词作宾语, 动名词前面可以有一个逻辑主语,用形容词性的物主代词.〔〕10. The computer is _______ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.A. regardedB. consideredC. expectedD. suggested此题应选B, consider 在这里是认为的意思. c onsider sb. to be ….【实战模拟】〔〕 1. The experienced driver has got ______ in all kinds of weather.A. used to driveB. used to drivingC. use to driveD. use to driving〔〕2. I’m too tired. I prefer _____ rather than go to the cinema.A. to stay homeB. to staying homeC. stay homeD. staying home〔〕 3. Her father considered _____ to a foreign friend.A. writingB. writeC. to writeD. wrote〔〕 4. You’d better _____ tell a lie. I think it ______ tell the teacher all that had happened yesterday.A. not. would betterB. not, is better toC. not to, would better toD. not to, better〔〕 5. The young couple came to the ball without ______ .A. being invitedB. invitingC. been invitedD. invite〔〕 6. He was surprised to find the back window of his house ______ . He was evenmore surprised to find his computer ______ .A. broken, goneB. had broken, goingC. being broken, disappearedD. had been broken, missed〔〕7. Please speak a little louder to make yourself _____ .A. to hearB. hearC. heardD. hearing〔〕8. The dish isn’t warm enough now. You’d better get it _____ .A. to heatB. to be heatedC. heatedD. heating〔〕9. --- What’s in your bag?--- Books _________to the teacher tomorrow.A. sentB. to be sentC. being sentD. sending〔〕10. I can hardly imagine Peter _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five hours.A. sailB. to sailC. sailingD. to have sailed试题答案1. B2. A3. A4. B5. A6. A.7. C8.C9. B 10. C。