英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结

期末总结演讲词英文Today, I stand before you to deliver my final speech as we bring this academic year to a close. It has been a challenging yet rewarding journey for all of us, filled with memorable experiences, personal growth, and valuable lessons. As we reflect on the past months, let us celebrate our achievements, acknowledge our shortcomings, and embrace the wisdom gained along the way.Firstly, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to our dedicated teachers and professors who have guided us throughout this journey. They have tirelessly shared their knowledge, pushed us to challenge ourselves, and instilled in us a love for learning. Their unwavering support and commitment have played a pivotal role in shaping our academic and personal development. So, let us take a moment to applaud their invaluable contributions.Next, let us acknowledge the efforts of our fellow classmates and friends, who have been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement. We have walked this path together, through late-night study sessions, group projects, and shared academic struggles. The bonds we have formed and the friendships we have forged will transcend the boundaries of this institution and continue to enrich our lives in the years to come.This year has been a year of growth and self-discovery. It pushed us out of our comfort zones and made us face our fears and limitations head-on. We were exposed to a diverse range of subjects and ideas, stretching the boundaries of our intellectual capabilities. Whether it was solving complex mathematical equations, grappling with philosophical concepts, or conducting scientific experiments, we have all developed a deeper understanding of the world around us.However, it is important to acknowledge that growth comes with its fair share of challenges. We have faced setbacks and obstacles, moments of self-doubt and frustration. We may have stumbled and fallen, but it is in those moments that we found the strength to rise and persevere. These obstacles have taught us the value of resilience, the importance of picking ourselves up and carrying on with renewed determination. As Thomas Edison once said, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work."Beyond academic achievements, our time in university has also provided us with ample opportunities for personal development. We have learned to work in teams, manage our time effectively, and communicate our ideas confidently. We have been exposed to a multitude of cultures and perspectives, expanding our horizons and cultivating our empathy and understanding. These skills and experiences will undoubtedly serve as a solid foundation for our future endeavors, be it in our careers or personal lives.As we prepare to step out into the real world, it is important to acknowledge our responsibility towards society and the wider global community. We have been privileged to receive an education, and with that privilege comes the duty to make a positive impact. Eachone of us has the power to effect change, no matter how big or small. Whether it is through advocating for social justice, volunteering our time, or pursuing a career that aligns with our values, let us strive to leave the world a better place than we found it.In conclusion, as we bid farewell to this chapter of our lives, let us carry with us the memories, the lessons, and the friendships forged. Let us recognize the immense value of education and the transformative power it holds. As we step into the next phase of our lives, let us do so with confidence, resilience, and a deep sense of purpose. May we continue to learn, grow, and make a positive difference in the world.Thank you and congratulations to the graduating class of [year].。

期末总结演讲英文稿It gives me great pleasure to stand before you today and deliver my final speech of the year. As we come to the end of another academic year, I would like to take this opportunity to reflect on the challenges we faced, the lessons we learned, and the accomplishments we achieved.Firstly, I would like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of our faculty members. They have been instrumental in shaping our academic journey and providing us with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed. Their passion for teaching and commitment to our growth has inspired us to strive for excellence. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the teachers who have played a part in our education.This year has been unlike any other, presenting us with unprecedented challenges. The outbreak of the global pandemic disrupted our lives and forced us to adapt to a new way of learning. The transition to online classes was not easy, and it required a great deal of resilience and self-discipline. Despite this, we have shown great strength in overcoming these obstacles and continued to pursue our educational goals.We have also learned some valuable lessons during this period. We have come to appreciate the importance of adaptability and the need to embrace change. This experience has taught us the significance of being flexible and open-minded in a rapidly changing world. We have seen firsthand that our ability to adapt to new circumstances is vital for success.The pandemic has also highlighted the importance of community and solidarity. We have witnessed the power of people coming together to support one another during times of crisis. Whether it was checking in on our classmates, helping those in need, or participating in community initiatives, we have shown kindness and compassion. This spirit of unity has brought us closer together, despite the physical distance.Our accomplishments this year deserve to be celebrated. We have achieved academic success, participated in extracurricular activities, and made lasting memories. From excelling in our exams to winning sports competitions, every achievement, big or small, has contributed to our personal growth. These accomplishments are a testament to our dedication, perseverance, and hard work.Moreover, we have honed our skills beyond the classroom. Participation in extracurricular activities such as clubs, sports, and cultural events has allowed us to develop leadership, teamwork, and communication skills. These experiences have not only enriched our lives but also prepared us for the challenges that lie ahead.As we move forward, it is important to reflect on our journey and set new goals. We must seize the opportunities that come our way and continue to push ourselves to achieve our full potential. The skills and knowledge we have acquired in the past years will be our guiding light as we navigate the future.In conclusion, this year has been a rollercoaster of emotions, but we have emerged stronger than ever. We have learned valuable lessons, overcome challenges, and achieved great success. Our journey does not end here; it is only the beginning of a new chapter. As we bid farewell to this academic year, let us cherish the memories and take pride in our accomplishments. With determination and perseverance, we will continue to make a positive impact on the world.Thank you.Word count: 611。

期末总结英语发言简短Good evening! Today, I stand here to deliver my final summary for the English course this semester. It has been an amazing journey, filled with growth, challenges, and valuable experiences. Allow me to share with you my reflections on this memorable semester.First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to our teacher. Their dedication and enthusiasm for teaching have made this English course not only educational but also enjoyable. Their thorough explanations, engaging activities, and useful feedback have greatly helped me improve my listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. I am truly grateful for their guidance and support.Throughout this semester, I have learned a lot about English grammar and vocabulary. The lessons on tenses, articles, prepositions, and sentence structures have given me a deeper understanding of the language. In addition, the extensive list of vocabulary words has expanded my knowledge and enabled me to express myself more accurately and confidently.I believe that these foundations will continue to benefit me in my future English language learning.Listening comprehension has always been a challenge for me, but this course has helped me make significant progress. Through various listening exercises, such as dialogues, monologues, and news reports, I have become more accustomed to different accents and improved my ability to understand spoken English. The inclusion of authentic materials, such as songs, podcasts, and movies, has also made the learning process more fun and engaging. I now feel more confident in my ability to understand English conversations in real-life situations.Speaking English fluently has been a goal of mine for a long time, and I am happy to say that I have made considerable strides in this area. The opportunities to practice speaking in class, through discussions, presentations, and role plays, have enhanced my confidence and fluency. The constructive feedback from both my teacher and classmates has helped me identify areas for improvement and work on them. I am now more comfortable expressing my thoughts and opinions in English, and I am eager to continue practicing and improving my speaking skills in the future.Reading is another aspect of my English language learning that I have focused on in this course. The extensive reading materials, ranging from short stories to articles and essays, have exposed me to various writing styles and genres. This has not only improved my reading comprehension but has also broadened my knowledge and understanding of different cultures and perspectives. I have also learned valuable reading strategies, such as skimming, scanning, and making inferences, which I can apply to my future reading endeavors.Lastly, writing has been an area where I have seen significant growth. The regular writing assignments, such as summaries, essays, and letters, have pushed me to expand my writingskills and develop my own voice. The detailed feedback from my teacher has helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses, enabling me to enhance my writing style and structure. I have also learned valuable techniques, such as brainstorming, planning, and editing, which have improved the quality and coherence of my written work. I am now more confident in my ability to convey my thoughts effectively through writing.In conclusion, this semester has been a fruitful and rewarding journey in my English language learning. The comprehensive curriculum, engaging activities, and dedicated teacher have truly made a difference in my progress. I feel more confident and motivated to continue learning English and exploring its endless possibilities. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my teacher, classmates, and everyone who has contributed to my growth in the English language. Thank you all for your support, and I look forward to continuing this beautiful journey of language learning.。

英语公共演讲选修课总结（英文）第一篇：英语公共演讲选修课总结(英文)Summing-upThe class of Public English Speaking and Debating is coming to an end, but what the class brings and teaches me are precious and important.They may change my whole life.The next, I want to share with you my experiences and gains from the class and practice.At the beginning of class, we share the recent news with others.I think this kind of practice is very helpful and effective.We not only knew what is happening around in the world but also improved the ability of speaking in front of people, concluding issues and judging things objectively.I cherished every chance to share the news, so each time I got full preparations to reading news, summarizing and making some own comments on it.You pay, you gain.Yes, I gained a lot and now I have developed a habit of reading news everyday.I hope sharing news will be kept, it is really a good way to practise.Besides the calss, I got some benefits from the practice after class.From a several debating competitions that I have visited, I got the knowledge that there was no need to be afraid of English speaking, there was also no need to be so nervous though confronted with many peoole, beacause no one will laugh at your mistakes.So, stand on the stage bravely and spesk loudly to every audience.Then you will find it is not so difficult as you image in fact while you practise yourself simultaneously.Graze every opportunity to speak in public and you can earn more.Thanks for the class of Public English Speaking and Debating, I could gain so much.These valuable experiences and earns could be useful in my whole life and I hope the next term, I can still choose this course.第二篇：公共选修课指南忽然看到大家又在开始分享公共选修课指南了，我才突然发现下个学期是该是大一的孩子们第一次选课的时候啦，作为刚刚步入大二的学长呢，感觉这个指南有点老啦，当年我也看过这个，不过和我自己体验的有些不一样，同样也有一些自己的感悟，希望对大一新生有帮助。

英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结一、课程概述英语演讲选修课是一门旨在提高学生公共演讲能力、语言表达能力和批判性思维能力的课程。

通过本课程的学习，学生们不仅能够提升英语口语表达能力，还能够学习到有效的演讲技巧和策略。

二、课程目标提升英语口语能力：使学生能够流利、准确地用英语进行演讲。

学习演讲技巧：掌握演讲的结构、语言、肢体语言等要素。

培养批判性思维：通过演讲准备和实践，锻炼学生的思考和分析能力。

增强自信心：通过不断的练习和表演，增强学生在公众面前的自信。

三、课程内容演讲基础：包括演讲的定义、类型、目的和重要性。

演讲结构：学习如何构建引言、主体和结尾。

语言表达：提高词汇量、语法准确性和语言的流畅性。

肢体语言：学习如何使用面部表情、手势和身体姿态来增强演讲效果。

声音控制：掌握语调、语速、音量和停顿等声音技巧。

演讲准备：学习如何进行主题选择、资料收集和演讲稿撰写。

批判性思维：通过分析和评价不同观点，提高演讲的说服力。

四、教学方法理论讲授：通过课堂讲解，传授演讲的理论知识。

案例分析：分析著名演讲案例，学习其成功要素。

小组讨论：通过小组合作，共同探讨演讲技巧和策略。

模拟演讲：进行模拟演讲练习，提高实际演讲能力。

视频反馈：观看并分析自己的演讲录像，找出需要改进的地方。

五、学习心得口语表达的提升：通过不断的练习，我的英语口语表达能力有了显著提高。

演讲技巧的掌握：我学会了如何构建一个有说服力的演讲，并能够运用各种演讲技巧。

自信心的增强：在课堂上的多次演讲练习让我在公众面前更加自信。

批判性思维的锻炼：通过准备演讲，我学会了如何分析问题和形成自己的观点。

六、期末复习策略回顾课程内容：重新温习课程中讲解的理论知识和演讲技巧。

练习演讲稿：撰写并练习自己的演讲稿，确保内容的准确性和流畅性。

模拟演讲：进行模拟演讲，以适应真实演讲环境的压力。

互相评价：与同学互相评价演讲，提供建设性的反馈。

观看优秀演讲：观看并学习优秀演讲者的演讲风格和技巧。

英语期末考后的总结As the final exam season comes to an end, I would like to take some time to reflect on my experience and summarize the lessons I have learned. This semester has been quite challenging, with a heavier workload and higher expectations from the professors. However, despite the difficulties, I believe that I have grown in many aspects during this period. Firstly, one of the most important things I have learned from this final exam season is the significance of time management. With multiple subjects to study for and a limited amount of time, it was crucial to plan my schedule effectively. I realized that organization and prioritization were key when it came to studying efficiently. By breaking down each subject into smaller tasks and allocating specific time slots for them, I was able to achieve a better balance between my various commitments. This not only helped me to stay on track with my studies, but also allowed me to have some leisure time for rest and relaxation. Moreover, the final exams have enhanced my problem-solving skills. During the revision period, I encountered various challenging questions that required careful analysis and logical thinking. It was not enough to simply memorize information; I had to apply it to real-life scenarios or come up with creative solutions to complex problems. This process encouraged me to think critically and outside of the box, which has undoubtedly improved my intellectual capacity. Additionally, I learned the importance of seeking help when needed. Whether it was discussing difficult concepts with classmates or asking professors for clarification, reaching out to others for assistance proved to be a valuable strategy in overcoming obstacles.Furthermore, the final exams have tested my resilience and perseverance. There were moments when I felt overwhelmed and doubted my abilities to succeed. However, I refused to give up and kept pushing forward, allowing my determination to overcome any momentary setbacks. This experience has taught me that success is not always measured by perfect scores but by the effort and persistence invested in achieving one's goals. I have come to understand that failure is a part of the learning process and should be embraced as an opportunity for growth rather than a setback.In addition to the academic skills and personal growth I have gained from this final exam season, I have also developed a greater appreciation for the importance of self-care. The stress and pressure of exams can take a toll on one's mental and physical well-being. Therefore, I made it a priority to take care of myself during this period. Whether it was engaging in regular exercise, practicing mindfulness or spending time with loved ones, these activities served as a much-needed break from the intense studying schedule. By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, I was able to approach my exams with a clear and focused mind, which ultimately contributed to my overall performance.Overall, the final exam season has been a challenging but rewarding experience for me. It has taught me valuable lessons in time management, problem-solving, resilience, and self-care. Although the pressure and stress were often overwhelming, I have emerged from thisperiod with a stronger sense of personal growth and academic achievement. I am confident that the skills and lessons I have learned during this period will continue to serve me well in future endeavors, both academically and in life.。

期末总结演讲英文版Good afternoon! I am honored to stand here today and deliver my final speech on this special occasion. As we come to the end of this academic year, I would like to reflect on the journey we have taken, the challenges we have faced, and the accomplishments we have achieved. It has been an incredible year filled with growth, learning, and memorable experiences.Firstly, I want to express my deepest gratitude to our teachers and professors who have dedicated their time and expertise to guide us throughout this academic year. Their unwavering support, encouragement, and mentorship have been invaluable in our personal and academic development. It is through their knowledge and passion that we have gained a deeper understanding of the subjects we have studied and have been inspired to pursue our goals.Moreover, I want to acknowledge the efforts of my fellow students. Each and every one of us has faced our own set of challenges and overcome obstacles on our path to success. We have experienced countless late nights of studying, endless assignments and projects, and the pressure to excel academically. Yet, through it all, we have persevered and proven that we are capable of achieving greatness. Our hard work, determination, and resilience have been key in our accomplishments this year.In terms of academic achievements, we have excelled in various subjects, demonstrated critical thinking skills, and showcased our abilities to apply theoretical knowledge in practical situations. We have tackled complex problems, conducted scientific experiments, and presented our findings in a professional and articulate manner. These experiences have not only enhanced our academic abilities but have also prepared us for the future challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.Beyond the classroom, we have also engaged in extracurricular activities that have enriched our learning experience. Whether it be participating in sports, joining clubs and organizations, or volunteering in the community, these activities have allowed us to develop important skills such as teamwork, leadership, and time management. They have also provided us with a platform to explore our passions, make new friends, and create lifelong memories.However, it is important to acknowledge that our journey has not been without its fair share of setbacks and failures. We have faced moments of doubt, disappointment, and even rejection. But it is through these challenges that we have learned the most important lessons. We have learned to embrace failure as a stepping stone towards success, to never give up in the face of adversity, and to always strive for improvement. These setbacks have helped us grow into stronger, more resilient individuals.As we come to the end of this chapter in our lives, it is crucial to remember that our education does not end here. Learning is a lifelong journey, and it is our responsibility tocontinue seeking knowledge, exploring new avenues, and pushing the boundaries of our abilities. We must adapt to the ever-changing world, embrace new technologies, and constantly upgrade our skills to stay relevant in the job market.Finally, let us not forget the importance of gratitude and giving back. We stand here today, not only due to our own efforts, but also thanks to the support and sacrifices of our families, friends, and loved ones. They have believed in us, cheered us on, and provided us with the love and encouragement we needed to succeed. It is now our turn to show our gratitude by making a positive impact in the world, by using our knowledge and skills to contribute to society, and by being compassionate, empathetic individuals.In conclusion, this academic year has been a transformative journey filled with ups and downs, successes and failures, and countless memories. We have grown both intellectually and personally, and we are now equipped with the tools and skills necessary to face the challenges that lie ahead. As we move forward into the next chapter of our lives, let us always remember the lessons we have learned, the friendships we have made, and the impact we can make on the world. Thank you and congratulations to the class of [year]!。

chapter 1ABCWhy Study Public Speaking❖Increase personal and social abilities❖Enhance your academic and career skills❖Refine your general communication abilities❖Increase your public speaking abilities❖….Increase Personal and Social Abilities❖self-awareness❖self-confidence❖dealing with the fear of communicatingPublic Speaking VS Conversation❖Purpose: both communicate with a certain purpose❖Audience: a public speech is usually directed at more listeners.❖Feedback: public speaking is relatively uninterrupted discourse.❖Delivery: public speaking requires intensified volume of voice and bodily action.❖Materials and organization: public speeches are mostly prepared ones.Impromptu speeches are rare.The essentials of a speech❖Objective: why am I making this speech?❖Audience:whom am I making this speech to?❖Place:where❖Time and length❖Method of delivery:how❖Content:what❖Notes❖Rehearsal: identify weakness, practice difficult pronunciationsDealing with nervousness❖Acquire speaking experience❖Prepare, prepare, prepare❖Think positively❖Use the power of visualization❖Know that most nervousness is Not visible❖Don’t expect perfectionAcquire Speaking Experience❖Enrolled in a public speaking course❖Stage fright: fear of the unknown❖Learning to give a speech is not much different from learning any otherskill---it proceeds by trial and error. The purpose of your speech class is to shorten the process, to minimize the errors, to give you a nonthreatening arena---a sort of laboratory--- in which to undertake the “trial”Think positivelyConfidence is mostly the well-known power of positive thinking.Negative Thought & Positive Thought❖I wish I didn’t have to give this speech.This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker.❖I am not a great public speaker.No one is perfect, but I am getting better with each speech I give.Terms❖Positive nervousness---controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.❖Visualization---mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures herself or himself giving a successful presentation.❖Creat a vivid mental blurprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speechOther tips for dealing with nervousness❖Be at your best physically and mentally. A good night’s sleep will serve you better.❖As you are waiting to speak, quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them. Such actions help reduce tension by providing an outlet for your extra adrenaline.❖Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak. Most people take short and shallow breaths, which only reinforces their anxiety. Deep breathing breaks this cycle of tension and help calm your nerves.❖Work especially hard on your introduction. Research has shown that a speaker’s anxiety level begins to drop significantly after the first 30 seconds of a presentation❖Make eye contact with members of your audience. Remember that they are individual people, not a blur of faces. And they are your friends.❖Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than on worrying about your stage fright. If you get caught up in your speech, your audience will too.❖Use visual aids. They create interest, draw attention away from you, and make you feel less self-conscious.chapter 2 topic Selecting a topic⏹Speeches outside the classroomthe occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualifications⏹Speeches in the public speaking classno designated topic⏹What is a suitable speech topic?⏹Worthwhile⏹Appropriate⏹Limited in scopeSuitable topic⏹Worthwhilesignificant implications for the audience⏹Appropriateknow a lot, like to learn more⏹Limited in scopedividing the topic into several significant parts.⏹General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标⏹To inform: convey informationenhance the knowledge and understanding⏹To persuade: advocate or partisanChange or structure the attitudes or actionsDifference: explain or exhort⏹Specific purpose 具体目标to inform my audience about…to persuade my audience to …Explain ←→exhortSpecific Purpose⏹Specific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what aspeaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.). 简单的肯定句⏹Topic: Emergencies⏹General purpose: To inform⏹Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the major steps in responding toan emergencyTips for formulating the specific purpose statementTip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a fragment（片段）Tip 2Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question陈述句Tip 3 Avoid figurative language比喻语言Tip 4 Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea, or one main pointTip 5Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or generalPhrasing the central idea(Also called thesis statement, subject sentence, major thought )⏹What is the central idea?⏹Guidelines for the central ideaWhat is the central idea?⏹ A one-sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech. It iswhat you want the audience to absorb from your speech.⏹In persuasive speechesarguable, debatable, take your stance⏹In informative speechesrelatively neutral and objective⏹The specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish.⏹The central idea is a concise statement of what you expect to say.⏹Guidelines for the central idea⏹The central idea1. Should be expressed in a full sentence2.should not be in the form of a question.3. should avoid figurative language4. should not be vague or overly generalSummary⏹Selecting a topic⏹Determining your general purpose⏹Determining your specific purpose⏹Phrasing your central ideaFour brainstorming procedures⏹Make a quick inventory of your hobbies, interests, skills, experiences, beliefs,and so forth.⏹Use the technique of clustering and write down on a sheet of paper the firsttopics that come to mind in several categories.⏹Look through a reference work for ideas⏹Use a World Wide Web subject directory such as Yahoo to help you scanpossible topic.chapter 3 Analysis Analyzing the audience1. Audience-centeredness 以听众为中心2. The psychology of audience 听众的心理3. Demographic audience analysis 听众分析统计4. Situational audience analysis 听众分析的具体情形5. Adapting to the audience 适应听众1. Audience-centeredness▪Audience-centeredness: keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.Questions to be asked when preparing▪To whom am I speaking?▪What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech?▪What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?(how)2. The psychology of audiences▪Question: what do you do when you listen to a speech?▪two messages:speaker, filter, listener▪people hear what they want to hear and disregard the rest.▪Question: what do people want to hear?▪Meaningful▪Egocentrism: The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.▪Listeners typically approach speeches with one question uppermost in mind: “Why is this important to me?”What do these psychological principles mean to you as a speaker?▪Listeners: what they already know▪Speakers: relate the message toTwo steps of demographic audience analysis⑴identifying the general demographic features of your audience⑵assessing the importance of those features to a particular speaking situationDemographic Audience Analysis▪Age▪Gender▪Sexual orientation▪Racial, ethnic and cultural background ▪Religion4. Situational audience analysis:▪Situational factorsSizePhysical settingDisposition toward the topicDisposition toward the speakerDisposition toward the topic▪Interest▪Knowledge▪AttitudeDisposition toward the speaker▪keep in mind that your listeners will always have some set of attitudes toward you as a speaker.▪Estimating what those attitudes are and how they will affect your speech is a crucial part of situational audience analysis.Summary▪audience-centered. They know that the aim of speechmaking is to gain a desired response from listeners. When working on your speeches, keep three questions in mind:(1)To whom am I speaking?(2)What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech?(3)What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?▪Psychology of audience.People hear what they want to hear.EgocentricWhy is this important to me?chapter4 ntroduction1. Getting attention and interest(1)Relate the topic to the audience(2)State the importance of your topic(3)Startle the audience(4)Arouse the curiosity of the audience(5)Question the audience(6)Begin with a quotation(7)Tell a story2. Reveal the topic3. Establish credibility▪Credibility: the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.Your credibility need not be based on firsthand knowledge and experience. It can come from reading, from classes, from interviews, from friends.4 Preview the body of the speech▪Preview statement 预先叙说▪ A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech.Tips for preparing the introduction1.Keep the introduction relatively brief. Under normal circumstances it shouldnot constitute more than 10 to 20 percent of your speech.2. Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research. File them with your notes, so they will be handy when you are ready for them.3. Be creative in devising your introduction. Experiment with two or three different openings and choose the one that seems most likely to get the audience interested in your speech.4. Don’t worry about the exact wording of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech. After you have determined your main points, it will be much easier to make final decisions about how to begin the speech.5. Work out your introduction in detail. Some teachers recommend that you write it out word for word; others prefer that you outline it. Whichever method you use, practice the introduction over and over until you can deliver it smoothly from a minimum of notes and with strong eye contact. This will get your speech off to a good start and give you a big boost of confidence.Some common faults of introductions ▪Don’t apologize.▪Don’t pretend▪Don’t make hollow promises ▪Don’t rely on gimmicks▪Don’t preface your introductionchapter 5 conclusion To let the audience know you are ending the speech•“In conclusion”•“One last thought”•“In closing”•“My purpose has been”•“Let me end by saying”Reinforce the central idea1. Summarize your speech2. End with a quotation3. Make a dramatic statement4. Refer to the introduction5. MotivateTips for preparing the conclusion1. As with the introduction, keep an aye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop the speech.2. Conclude with a bang, not a whimper. Be creative in devising a conclusion that hits the hearts and minds of your audience. Work on several possible endings, and select the one that seems likely to have the greatest impact.3.Do not be long-winded. The conclusion will normally make up no more thanabout 5 to 10 percent of your speech. Nothing aggravates audiences more than a speaker who says, “In conclusion”and keeps on talking.⏹chapter 6 -7 language_delivery⏹Language is important⏹Meaning of words⏹Using language accurately⏹Using language clearly⏹Using language vividly⏹Using language appropriately⏹ A note on inclusive languageUsing language clearly1. Use familiar words2. Choose concrete words3. Eliminate clutter2. Choose concrete words⏹Concrete words: words that refer to tangible objects⏹Abstract words: words that refer to ideas or concepts⏹Keep this in mind: few words are completely abstract or concrete.Abstractness and concreteness are relative.Two main ways to use moving and vivid language: imagery and rhythm1. Imagery: (意象）The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions orideas.It is a word picture that gets you totally involved.Three ways to generate imagery:A. Concrete wordsB. Simile（明喻）An explicit comparison introduced with the word “like”or “as”between things that are essentially different yet have something in common. Example:C. Metaphor （暗喻）Unlike simile, metaphor does not contain the words “like”or “as”.2. Rhythm（节奏）The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.Four basic stylistic devices to improve the rhythmA. Parallelism（排比）:the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Examples:①Rich and poor, intelligent and ignorant, wise and foolish, virtuous and vicious, man and woman---it is ever the same, each soul must depend wholly on itself.(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)②There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northern problem. There is only an American problem. (Lyndon Johnson)③I speak as a Republican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a United Sates Senator. I speak as an American.(Margaret Chase Smith)B. RepetitionRepeating the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences①When you see your street, see my street. When you see your house, see my house. When you see your children, see my children. (Whitney Young, Jr.)②We will not tire, we will not falter, we will not fail. (George W .Bush)C. Alliteration（头韵法）Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. Examples: ①Peace is essential for progress, but progress is no less essential for Peace. (Liaquat Ali Khan)②In a nation founded on the promise of human dignity, our colleges, our communities, our country should challenge hatred wherever we find it. (Hillary Rodham Clinton)D. Antithesis 对比法The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure. Examples: ①Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (John. F. Kennedy)②Your success as a family, our success as a society, depends not on what happens at the White House, but on what happens inside your house. (Barbara Bush)Using language appropriately恰当地使用语言1. Appropriate to the occasion2. Appropriate to the audience3. Appropriate to the topic4. Appropriate to the speakerA NOTE ON INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE⏹Inclusive language: language that does not stereotype, demean, orpatronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.Four basic methods of delivering a speech⏹Reading from a manuscript: A speech that is written out word for word andread to the audience.⏹Reciting from memory⏹Speaking impromptu: a speech delivered with little or no immediatepreparation.⏹Speaking extemporaneously: A carefully prepared and rehearsed speechthat is presented from a brief set of notes.The speaker’s voiceThe aspects of voice you should work to control are:⏹Volume 音量⏹Pitch 音高⏹Rate 频率⏹Pauses 停顿⏹Vocal variety 嗓音变化⏹PronunciationThe speaker’s voice⏹volume : the loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice.⏹Pitch: t he highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice.⏹Rate: the speed at which a person speaks.The speaker’s body1. Personal appearance2. Movement3. Gestures4. Eye contactThere are four basic methods of delivering a speech, They are⏹Reading from a manuscript.⏹Reciting from memory⏹Speaking impromptu⏹Speaking extemporaneouslychapter 8 SpecialSpeeches on special occasions1. Speech of introduction介绍性演讲2. Speech of presentation赠与演讲3. Speeches of acceptance受奖演讲4. Speeches of tribute赞扬5. Speeches of welcome 欢迎6. Speech of farewell欢送1. Speech of introduction▪ a speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience.Three purposes be achieved in the introduction▪Build enthusiasm for the upcoming speaker▪Build enthusiasm for the speaker’s topic▪Establish a welcoming climate that will boost the speaker’s credibilityGuidelines for speeches of introduction▪Be brief▪Make sure your remarks are completely accurate▪Don’t take the speaker’s job▪Adapt your remarks to the main speaker▪Try to create a sense of anticipation and drama▪Adapt your remarks to the audience比尔盖茨在清华大学的演讲.flv2. Speech of presentation▪ A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognitionGuidelines▪State the purpose of the award▪Focus on the accomplishments of the recipient▪Avoid over-praising3. Speeches of acceptance▪ A speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition▪ A speech of acceptance usually includes the following three steps.The first step▪Thank those who grant you the awardThe second step▪Thank those who helped you attain the award.The third step▪Accept the award graciously4.Speeches of tribute5. A speech that honors a person, a group or an event.6. A special form of the speech of tribute is the eulogy, a speech of praise usuallygiven for those who have recently died. A minister performing a funeral usually gives a speech of eulogy by praising and honoring the deceased.Speeches of tribute 我有一个梦想.flv▪Establish noble themes▪Be sincere▪Connect with the audience▪Appeal to the audiencechapter 9 supporting Three kinds of supporting materials⏹examples 实例⏹testimony 证词⏹statistics 统计数据Hypothetical example⏹An example that describes an imagery or fictitious situation 描述的是想象或虚构的情形Tips for using examples1. Use examples to clarify your ideas说明2. Use examples to reinforce your ideas强化3. Use examples to personalize your ideas使思想个人化II．Testimony⏹Testimony ---quotations or paraphrases used to support a point.引用或释义的用于支持观点的话---Expert testimony 专家证词---Peer testimony 普通人证词Tips for Using testimony1. quote or paraphrase accurately: make sure you do not misquote someone; make sure you do not violate the meaning of statements you paraphrase; make sure you do not quote out of context2. Use testimony from qualified sources. That is, use testimony from recognized experts or ordinary citizens with special experience on the speech topic.3. Use testimony from unbiased sources. Be sure to use testimony from credible, competent, objective authorities.4. Identify the people you quote or paraphrase. The usual way to identify your source is to name the person and sketch her or his qualifications before presenting the testimonyask yourself the following two questions:⏹Are the statistics representative?⏹Are the statistics from a reliable source?⏹Tips for using statistics1. Use statistics to quantity your ideas2. Use statistics sparingly3. Identify the source of your statistics4. Explain your statistics5. Round off complicated statistics6. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends⏹C hapter 10 informative⏹Informative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge andunderstanding⏹To enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners--- to givethem information they did not have before⏹Convey clearly accurately interestinglyOrganizational methods⏹Chronological order 编年顺序⏹Spatial order 空间顺序⏹Topical order 主题顺序⏹Causal order⏹Problem-solution orderOther methods of speech organization⏹Causal order: A show a cause-effect relationship. method of speechorganization in which the main points⏹Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which thefirst main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second mainpoint presents a solution to the problem.⏹(Problem-cause-solution order)Speeches about process⏹Process: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result orproduct.⏹Speeches of process explain how something is made, how something isdone, or how something works.3. Speeches about events⏹Event: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.⏹chronological order----to recount the history of an event,⏹causal order ----to explain the causes and effects4. Speech about concepts⏹Concept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.⏹Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order. Onecommon approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept.Guidelines for informative speaking●Don’t overestimate what the audience knows.* Lead your audience step by step and explain everything thoroughly.2. Relate the subject directly to the audience* What is fascinating to the speaker may not be fascinating to everybody.* Get your listeners involved3. Don’t be too technical* Simple, clear language is needed.4. Avoid abstractionsOne way to avoid abstractions is through description (a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness)Another way to escape abstraction is with comparisons (A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.)5. Personalize your ideaschapter11 persuasiveI. Persuasive speeches on questions of fact⏹Questions of fact ---A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.⏹We do not know enough information to know what it isWill the economy be better or worse next year?Will another earthquake strike California before the year 2010?⏹The facts are murky or inclusiveWhat will happen next in the Middle East?Is sexual orientation genetically determined?Speeches On questions of fact are usually organized topicallyII. Persuasive speeches on questions of value⏹Questions of value? ---A question about the worth, rightness, morality, andso forth of an idea or action.⏹What is the best movie of all time? Is the cloning of human beings morallyjustifiable? What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists?⏹Matter of fact, value judgments⏹Speeches on questions of value are mostly organized topically⏹Your first main point is to establish the standards for your value judgment.树立价值判断的标准⏹Your second main point is to apply those standards to the subject.III. Persuasive speeches on questions of policyQuestions of policy ---A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.是否采取行动What to do during spring vocation?Which strategy to use in selling a product?How to maintain economic growth and protect the enviroment ?⏹They are to decide whether something should or should not be done.2. Organizing speeches on Questions of policy●Problem-solution order●Problem-cause-solution order●Comparative Advantage order●D. Monroe’s motivated sequenceD. Monroe’s motivated sequence门罗促动顺序⏹ A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.⏹The five steps of the motivated sequence are:1. attention2. need3. satisfaction4. visualization（形象化）5. actionPart 2: Methods of persuasionListeners will be persuaded by a speaker from one or more of four reasons:I. credibility.II. evidence.III. reasoning.IV. emotionsI. Building credibility⏹Factors of credibility:A. Competence---how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject.B. Character---how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.2. Establishing common ground with your audience⏹Creating common ground---a technique in which a speaker connectshimself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.3. Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with convictionII. Using evidenceTips for using evidence1. Use specific evidence.2. Use novel evidence.3. Use evidence from credible sources4. Make clear the point of your evidence.III. Reasoning⏹Reasoning---the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.⏹Four types of reasoning:1. Reasoning from specific instances2. Reasoning from principle3. Causal reasoning4. Analogical reasoningGuidelines for reasoning from specific instancesA. Avoid generalizing too hastily, make sure your sample of specific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.B. Be careful with your wording. If your evidence does not justify a conclusion, qualify your argument.C. Reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony2. Reasoning from principle⏹---Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.For instance:⏹All people are mortal.⏹Socrates is a person.⏹Therefore, Socrates is mortal.3. Causal reasoning---Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.⏹There is a patch of ice on the sidewalk. You slip, fall, and break your arm. Youreason as follows: “Because that patch of ice was there, I fell and broke my arm.”or⏹“If the patch of ice hadn’t been there, I wouldn’t have fallen and brokenmy arm.”⏹4. Analogical reasoning（类比推理）---Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.⏹If you are good at racquetball, you’ll be great at Ping-Pang.⏹In Great Britain the general election campaign fro Prime Minister lasts lessthan three weeks. Surely we can do the same with the U.S presidential election.IV. Appealing to emotions⏹Emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty,afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like. These are often appropriate reactions when the question is one of value or policy.⏹Guidelines for generating emotional appeal⏹ 1. Use emotional language2. Develop vivid example3. Speak with sincerity and conviction。

期末总结英语发言Good afternoon! Today, I stand before you to deliver my final address as we conclude this academic year. It's hard to believe that it was merely ten months ago that we all stepped foot onto this campus, filled with uncertainty, excitement, and hope for our future. And now, we find ourselves at the finish line, ready to embark on a new chapter of our lives.Looking back on the past year, we have experienced a plethora of emotions and challenges. From late-night study sessions to group projects that tested our patience, we have conquered the academic obstacles that were placed before us. Through perseverance, dedication, and unwavering commitment, we have reached this momentous occasion and should be proud of our accomplishments.Academics aside, let us not forget the personal growth that has taken place within ourselves. We have learned the importance of time management, responsibility, and the ability to adapt to new situations. We have formed lifelong friendships and shared countless experiences that have shaped us into the individuals we are today. These experiences have not only shaped our academic paths but they have also molded us into more compassionate, resilient, and well-rounded human beings.I would like to take a moment to express my gratitude to our professors and faculty for their unwavering support and dedication. They have not only equipped us with knowledge, but also instilled within us a thirst for learning and the desire to make a difference in the world. Their guidance, mentorship, and encouragement have been invaluable in our journey towards success.Furthermore, I want to acknowledge the efforts of our parents and loved ones, who have stood by our side through the highs and lows of our educational endeavors. Their unwavering support, love, and sacrifice have played an integral role in our accomplishments. It is their belief in us that has fueled our determination to excel and has given us the strength to persevere through difficult times.Now, as we close this chapter and ready ourselves for the next one, I want to remind you all to embrace the future with open hearts and open minds. Let us not allow fear to hinder us from pursuing our dreams and aspirations. The world is vast and full of opportunities, waiting for us to seize them. It is our responsibility to define our own paths and make a positive impact on the world.Remember, success is not solely measured by the grades we receive or the job titles we hold. It is in the lives we touch and the differences we make. Let us strive to be individuals who live with purpose, who embrace challenges, and who never lose sight of our core values.In conclusion, I am immensely proud of each and every one of us for reaching this milestone. We have shown resilience, determination, and strength in the face of adversity, and I have no doubt that we will continue to do so in the future. As we set forth on our individualjourneys, let us remember the lessons we have learned, the friendships we have forged, and the memories we have created.I wish you all the best in your future endeavors. May you find success, happiness, and fulfillment in all your pursuits. Remember, the sky is not the limit, but merely the beginning of a new horizon. Thank you.Speech duration: 4 minutes and 30 secondsWord count: 533 words。

期末考后反思总结英语Introduction:As the final exams come to an end, it's time to reflect and summarize our English learning journey throughout the semester. This reflection will help us identify our strengths and weaknesses, evaluate our progress, and set goals for future improvement. In this summary, I will discuss various aspects of my English learning experience, including speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills, as well as the strategies I used to study effectively.Speaking Skills:One area where I believe I have made significant progress is in my speaking skills. At the beginning of the semester, I struggled with fluency, pronunciation, and vocabulary when engaging in conversations. However, through regular speaking practice in class and with language partners, I have become more confident and fluent. I have also learned to use a wider range of vocabulary and expressions in my everyday conversations. To further enhance my speaking skills, I plan to continue engaging in conversations with native English speakers and practicing pronunciation through watching English movies or listening to English podcasts.Listening Skills:Listening skills have always been a challenge for me because of the fast pace and accents of native English speakers. However, this semester, I have actively worked on improving my listening skills. I started by listening to English podcasts and watching TV shows in English without subtitles. Gradually, I could understand more of what was being said and could even follow conversations on various topics. Additionally, during the exam period, I found it beneficial to practice listening to past exam examples or recorded dialogues to familiarize myself with different accents and improve my comprehension. For future improvement, I will continue listening to English podcasts and watching movies in English to further enhance my listening skills.Reading Skills:Reading skills have always been one of my strengths in English. However, this semester, I challenged myself to read more diverse texts, including news articles, short stories, and academic papers. This allowed me to expand my vocabulary and improve my understanding of different writing styles. I also focused on improving my speed reading skills to finish reading assignments more efficiently and effectively. In the future, I plan to read more books in English on a wide range of topics, and I will regularly practice using reading comprehension strategies to extract key information from texts.Writing Skills:Writing is an area where I have seen tremendous improvement over the semester. In the past, I struggled with organizing my thoughts and expressing them clearly in writing. However, with the help of writing workshops, peer feedback, and personal practice, I have learned to structure my essays and critically analyze topics. I have also become more proficient in using complex sentence structures and incorporating evidence to support my arguments. To continue honing my writing skills, I will practice regularly by writing blog posts or short essays on a variety of topics. I will also seek feedback from my instructors or peers to identify areas for improvement.Studying Strategies:Throughout the semester, I developed several effective studying strategies that contributed to my overall success. Firstly, I created a study schedule to ensure that I allocated time for each skill and revision. This helped me stay organized and cover the entire syllabus before exams. Secondly, I utilized various online resources, such as language learning apps, online grammar exercises, and vocabulary quizzes, to practice and review specific areas of weakness. Additionally, I found it helpful to engage in group study sessions with classmates, where we discussed difficult concepts and shared study materials. Lastly, I made it a habit to review and revise class notes regularly to reinforce what I had learned in class. These strategies allowed me to study effectively and prepare for exams efficiently. Conclusion:In conclusion, the final exam period provided an opportunity for me to reflect on my English learning journey. Overall, I have made significant progress in speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills, which is evident through my improved fluency, comprehension, and written expression. Moving forward, I will continue to practice and refine these skills by engaging in conversations with native speakers, regularly listening to English podcasts, reading a variety of texts, and writing on different topics. By implementing effective studying strategies and setting clear goals, I am confident that I will continue to enhance my English proficiency in the future.。