2023年职称外语b级试卷第一部分：词汇选项（每题1分，共15分）1. The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether.A. develop.B. disappear.C. link.D. renew.2. In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.A. changes.B. reduces.C. leaves.D. drops.3. Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A. error.B. function.C. attraction.D. miracle.4. The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely.A. quickly.B. economically.C. compactly.D. carefully.5. The high - speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A. effort.B. problem.C. influence.D. concern.6. His long - term goal is to set up his own business.A. idea.B. energy.C. aim.D. order.7. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relative.B. continuous.C. general.D. sharp.8. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reduced.B. moved.C. reformed.D. turned.9. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A. held.B. increased.C. expected.D. offered.10. We need to extract the relevant financial data.A. store.B. save.C. obtain.D. review.11. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A. ignored.B. organized.C. caused.D. received.12. She found me very dull.A. dirty.B. sleepy.C. lazy.D. boring.13. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. cleared.B. polished.C. washed.D. mended.14. The book took ten years of thorough research.A. basic.B. careful.C. social.D. major.15. She is a highly successful teacher.A. fairly.B. rather.C. very.D. moderately.第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2.04Development Report - How to Do It: Making Paper by HandThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.The earliest process of making paper was done almost five thousand years ago in Egypt and the Nile Valley. In those days, paper was made from strips of the papyrus plant.Modern paper-making began in China about two thousand years ago. This process produced paper from cloth, straw, wood or the bark of trees. The raw materials are struck over and over until they become loose. Then they are mixed with water.After the water has been removed, the flat, thin form remaining is permitted to dry. This becomes a sheet of paper.Large machines started to be used for making paper near the end of the sixteenth century. Today, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand, since the steps are the same as using big machines.You should choose paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about five centimeters by five centimeters.Everything is placed in a container, covered with water, and broughtto a boil. It is mixed for about two hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp, can be stored until you are ready to make paper.When you are ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a special box or mold. The mold is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper. To help dry the paper, the mold lets the water flow through the small wire squares.After several more drying steps, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold. It is now strong enough to be touched.The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.There are many other technologies for people making paper using small machines.You can order more information about making paper from EnterpriseWorks/VITA. The address of the group2.11Development Report - Measuring Star Power as a Force for ActivismThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Some actors and rock stars use their star power for social activism.But how much power do they really have?Daniel Drezner is a professor of international politics at the Fletcher School at Tufts University in Massachusetts. He says measuring the effects of celebrity activism can be difficult.He thinks perhaps the most successful example is Princess Diana's campaign against landmines in the nineteen nineties. Yet in the end, he says, it was her death in a car crash that brought more attention to her work and to the issue.Professor Drezner says celebrity activism can have influence. Star power can bring public attention, donations and pressure for action on important issues. It can also educate fans through stories in the entertainment media.But at the same time there are risks. Most people will grow tired of an issue, the professor says. And they might also grow tired of a celebrity who keeps talking about it, especially if they think governments are already taking action. Also, when star power is directed at one crisis, others could be forgotten.Some people or governments could feel that celebrities are misusing their fame and wealth to influence policy. They might think an entertainer should stick to entertaining.Actor George Clooney speaks to reporters at the United Nations headquarters in New YorkDaniel Drezner says professional policy experts might feel deeper hostility. Facing competition, they begin to question their own influence.George Clooney, the Academy Award-winning actor, is no stranger to celebrity activism. For more than four years he has campaigned to end the conflict in Darfur, in western Sudan.Now, he is a newly appointed United Nations messenger of peace. He just returned from a two-week trip to Darfur, Chad and the Democratic Republic of Congo with a U.N. peacekeeping official. They also went to India, a big provider of U.N. peacekeepers.Yet when George Clooney visited U.N. headquarters in New York, not everyone was excited to see him. Fans clearly were. But he was prevented from reporting on his trip at a meeting of countries that provide peacekeeping troops. Diplomats told news agencies it was because of objections from several countries, including Russia.But a U.N. spokeswoman said it was because of rules -- procedural reasons. She added that the Department of Peacekeeping Operations hoped to have him talk to the countries in the future.And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by Jill Moss.2.25Development Report - A Business Plan for Social ChangeThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Starting a business is never easy. But an organization like TechnoServe can make it easier. A businessman in the American state of Connecticut, Ed Bullard, launched this nonprofit group forty years ago. The name comes from the idea of technology in the service of mankind.TechnoServe looks for business solutions to rural poverty. Or, as it says on its Web site, "social change has a business plan." The group has helped create or improve more than two thousand businesses in about thirty countries.Luba Vangelova works for TechnoServe in Washington, D.C. She tells us the group has an estimated budget this year of about forty-five million dollars. She says much of that will support business training and development programs in Latin America, Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe.In parts of Central America, for example, TechnoServe is helping coffee producers become competitive in new and growing markets. In rural India the group is assisting farmers with crop production. And in Mozambique, TechnoServe is helping develop the travel and tourism industry.Some finalists of the 2007 Believe Begin Become competition in TanzaniaOne way it identifies promising entrepreneurs is through a businessplan competition called Believe Begin Become. This is an intensive program that provides technical training and expert advice.Winners receive money to bring their business plans to reality. TechnoServe has held nine national competitions in Central America since two thousand two. Five competitions have been held in Africa, including one in Tanzania last year.SPEAKER: "B.B.B. has been a breakthrough for me. Finally I am going to own my own business. And I am going to employ people."A TechnoServe channel on YouTube describes Believe Begin Become and some of the winning business plans. Luba Vangelova says TechnoServe also supports entrepreneurship programs for teenagers and young adults.Charity Navigator, an independent group that rates American charities, has given TechnoServe its highest rating.And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by Jill Moss. A link to TechnoServe can be found at , along with transcripts, MP3s and podcasts of our reports.。
